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NDHH C7 Equilibrium in Multi Component Systems

This document discusses thermodynamics and phase equilibria in multicomponent mixtures. It covers topics like the partial molar Gibbs energy, fugacity, vapor-liquid equilibrium, liquid-liquid equilibrium, solubility of gases, liquids and solids in mixtures, and freezing point depression of solvents due to solutes. The document provides equations and models to estimate properties of ideal and non-ideal mixtures involving gases, liquids, and solids in various conditions.

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Phúc Nguyễn
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© © All Rights Reserved
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41 views

NDHH C7 Equilibrium in Multi Component Systems

This document discusses thermodynamics and phase equilibria in multicomponent mixtures. It covers topics like the partial molar Gibbs energy, fugacity, vapor-liquid equilibrium, liquid-liquid equilibrium, solubility of gases, liquids and solids in mixtures, and freezing point depression of solvents due to solutes. The document provides equations and models to estimate properties of ideal and non-ideal mixtures involving gases, liquids, and solids in various conditions.

Uploaded by

Phúc Nguyễn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 61

CHƯƠNG 7:

CÂN BẰNG PHA TRONG HỆ ĐA CẤU TỬ


2

Chapter 8. The Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Mixtures

Chapter 9. Estimation of the Gibbs Energy and Fugacity of a


Component in a Mixture

Chapter 10. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Mixtures

Chapter 11. Other Types of Phase Equilibria in Fluid Mixtures

Chapter 12. Mixture Phase Equilibria Involving Solids


3
4

For ideal mixtures

Volume change on mixing and enthalpy change on mixing


5
6
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Enthalpy-concentration
diagram for aqueous sulfuric
acid at 0.1 MPa
8
9
10
11
8.2 THE PARTIAL MOLAR GIBBS ENERGY AND THE GENERALIZED 12
GIBBS-DUHEM EQUATION

For a binary mixture


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8.4 EQUATIONS OF CHANGE FOR A MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEM
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8.4 EQUATIONS OF CHANGE FOR A MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEM
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8.5 THE HEAT OF REACTION AND A CONVENTION FOR THE 20
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF REACTING MIXTURES

Standard state heat of reaction

Standard state Gibbs energy change on reaction


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8.7 CRITERIA FOR PHASE EQUILIBRIUM IN MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS 23
8.8 CRITERIA FOR CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM, AND COMBINED 24
CHEMICAL AND PHASE EQUILIBRIUM

8.9 THE GIBBS PHASE RULE


25
Chapter 9. Estimation of the Gibbs Energy and Fugacity of a Component 26
in a Mixture
Chapter 9. Estimation of the Gibbs Energy and Fugacity of a Component 27
in a Mixture
9.1 THE IDEAL GAS MIXTURE 28
9.2 THE PARTIAL MOLAR GIBBS ENERGY AND FUGACITY 29
9.2 THE PARTIAL MOLAR GIBBS ENERGY AND FUGACITY 30

9.3 IDEAL MIXTURE AND EXCESS MIXTURE PROPERTIES


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9.4 FUGACITY OF SPECIES IN GASEOUS, LIQUID, AND SOLID MIXTURES 32

yi: a gas-phase mole fraction


xi: a liquid-phase mole fraction
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9.4-2 Liquid Mixtures

the approximate Peng-Robinson equation of state and the van der Waals mixing rules
are used:

where, again, A = aP/(RT)2, B = bP/RT, and ZL is the liquid


37
9.4-2 Liquid Mixtures
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9.4-3 Solid Mixtures

the solid mixture can be treated as an agglomeration of pure species, each having
its own pure component solid fugacity.
9.5 CORRELATIVE LIQUID MIXTURE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT MODELS 39

The one-constant Margules equation provides a satisfactory representation for activity coefficient
behavior only for liquid mixtures containing constituents of similar size, shape, and chemical nature.
40
9.5 CORRELATIVE LIQUID MIXTURE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT MODELS 41
9.5 CORRELATIVE LIQUID MIXTURE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT MODELS 42
9.5 CORRELATIVE LIQUID MIXTURE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT MODELS 43

For low electrolyte concentrations

For higher electrolyte concentrations

δ is sometimes set to 0.1|z+.z−| and sometimes taken to be an adjustable parameter


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Chapter 10. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Mixtures
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Starting point for all phase equilibrium calculations


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10.1 VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM IN IDEAL MIXTURES
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Chapter 11. Other Types of Phase Equilibria in Fluid Mixtures
11.1 THE SOLUBILITY OF A GAS IN A LIQUID
11.2 LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM 56
57
11.2 LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM 58
59
Chapter 12. Mixture Phase Equilibria Involving Solids
12.1 THE SOLUBILITY OF A SOLID IN A LIQUID, GAS, OR SUPERCRITICAL FLUID
60
12.3 FREEZING-POINT DEPRESSION OF A SOLVENT DUE TO THE PRESENCE
OF A SOLUTE; THE FREEZING POINT OF LIQUID MIXTURES
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