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Coding Theory

Coding theory is used to detect and correct errors that may occur during data transmission or storage. It works by encoding messages into bits that include redundant bits to detect or fix errors introduced by communication channels prone to noise. Common encoding techniques include parity checks, which add an extra bit to ensure an even or odd number of 1s, and repetition codes, which repeat the data multiple times to facilitate error correction. Decoding reverses the encoding process to recover the original message.

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Krisha Mabel Tabije
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24 views

Coding Theory

Coding theory is used to detect and correct errors that may occur during data transmission or storage. It works by encoding messages into bits that include redundant bits to detect or fix errors introduced by communication channels prone to noise. Common encoding techniques include parity checks, which add an extra bit to ensure an even or odd number of 1s, and repetition codes, which repeat the data multiple times to facilitate error correction. Decoding reverses the encoding process to recover the original message.

Uploaded by

Krisha Mabel Tabije
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CODING THEORY

Coding Theory Vice versa if it is also odd like 00111. Replace the
last bit from 1 to 0 to get an even parity, 00110.
- CODING THEORY is to detect or even
correct errors. Repetition Code
- Communication channel is the physical
medium in which messages are being - is performed by taking the k bits, then
transmitted repeat it 2r + 1 times, where 𝑟 ≥ 1 is a fixed
- Examples of these are telephone lines, integer.
internet cables, fiber-optic lines and air.
Storage of data is another example which
includes CD rom, DVDs, USB port, etc.
- Noises may affect the communication
- Examples of these are *Look at the first digit of each group. Find out which
- sunspots, lightning, meteor showers and is dominant between 0 and 1, until you get the
even human errors source code.
Encoding

- transforming messages into bits of message


that is suitable to the communication
channel.

Decoding

- is the opposite of encoding.

Parity Check

- The process that ensures accurate data


transmission between nodes during
communication. Modular Arithmetic
- encoding scheme wherein a single bit is - If a and b are integers and m is a natural
added to the message as redundancy bit number, in symbols
(last bit).
- used not only in communications but also to -
test memory storage devices. - meaning, “a is congruent to b modulo m.” If
- The goal in doing parity check is to end up a – b or b – a is divisible by m, then a is
with an even parity congruent to b (mod m).
- 0 (zero) is always an even number
1. Odd Parity
- Where the number of 1s is odd
2. Even Parity
- Where the number of 1s is even

*after adding the redundancy bit or the last bit then


the number of 1s is odd. For example: 11100.
*If m does not divide a – b or b – a, then 𝑟 ≅ 𝑏 (𝑚𝑜𝑑
Replace the last bit to 1 to get an even result, 11101.
𝑚) where r is the least residue (remainder) of m.
Below are some examples.
1
CODING THEORY

*if dividend is less than the divisor let it be the b


value.

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