Question

Answer Notes Marks

number

1 (a) (i) pressure difference = height (or depth) x density x g ; Allow h × ρ × g (and rearrangements) 1
Reject “gravity” for g in 7(a)(i)
(ii) substitution into correct equation; Allow standard form 2
evaluation;
e.g. 1028 X 10 X 700
7 196 000 (Pa) Allow use of g = 9.8(1) Æ 7 059 276 or 7 052 080

(iii) (total pressure =) 72 x105 + 1 x 105 (Pa); Allow 7 296 000 (Pa) OR answer to 7(a)(ii) + 100 000 1

(b) (i) pressure = force/area Allow p = F/A 1

(ii) Substitution into correct equation; Substitution and transposition either order 3
Transformation;
Evaluation;
e.g. 41 × 105 = F/3.1
F= 41 × 105 x 3.1
1.271 x 107 (N) 12 710 000, 127.1 x 105 , 1.3 x 107
(c) because fresh water has a lower density than sea water OR reverse 1
argument;

(d) any five of 5

MP1 suitable measuring instruments mentioned; Allow scales
e.g. measuring cylinder and (electronic) balance Ignore newtonmeter, weighing machine
MP2 method of obtaining correct mass; Ignore weight
e.g. subtract mass of container, use of tare
MP3 detail to ensure accuracy of liquid volume; Allow keep temperature constant
e.g. burette, pipette, density bottle, account taken of meniscus
MP4 equation stated - density = mass ÷ volume; Allow ρ=m/V
MP5 suitable units used,
e.g. g for mass and cm3 for volume Allow ml, l
MP6 Idea of appropriate repeating or averaging at any stage Allow “discard anomalous results”

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) pressure = force ÷ area; pressure = force ÷ area 1
area = force ÷ pressure
force = pressure x area
Accept standard symbols (P, F, A) – upper or
lower case acceptable for this item
REJECT relationship ‘triangle’ on its own

(ii) Substitution into correct equation / 8 times the Correct final value = 2 irrespective of working 2
force;
Calculation;
e.g. pressure = 8 x 0.036 ÷ 0.0013 = Final value of 27.7 or 28 scores 1 (since it is a
correct calculation that has missed the x8
factor)

220 (Pa) ALLOW

222 (Pa), 221.5…… (Pa), 220 (Pa)
for final value
NO significant figure penalty

(b) (i) (total) force is unchanged / the same; 2

same mass/number/weight (of coins); ACCEPT
‘force is the same because the weight is the
same’=2
‘force is the same because the mass is the
same’=2
(ii) Reduced / less; 1

ONE of -
(reduced) by a factor of 8; 1
same mass/weight/force spread over a larger NOT ACCEPT ‘larger surface area’ alone
area;
calculates the new pressure;

Total 7 Marks

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) Substitution into correct equation; correct answer = 2 marks 2
Calculation;
e.g. 10 000 x 10 = p2 x 270
p2 = 370 (kPa) ACCEPT 370.37….. (kPa)

(b)) press decreases; 3

Any two from:

molecules slow down; ACCEPT less kinetic energy / less momentum
less frequent collisions with walls / don’t collide as IGNORE collisions with each other
much with walls;
less hard /less force (on same area); ACCEPT smaller momentum change (in
collisions)

(c) (i) Pressure decreases; 2

One of
Fewer molecules (bombarding container);
Less force from the molecules;

(ii) Gas leaves (the liquid)/Expands/Foams the cream; ACCEPT Cools; 1

Total 8 Marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) Any three of (3)
ignore moves freely
MP1. idea of (continuous) random
movement;
MP2. collisions / impact/eq with
(inside) fabric/walls; allow momentum or NIII
MP3. idea that force is produced (by argument
bombarding molecules);
MP4. idea of pressure as force on an
area;

(ii) any four from: allow (4)

MP1. pressure inside stays constant; for MP1, pressure

increases slightly,
MP2. pressure difference across the for MP2 volume of air in
balloon fabric; can decreases,
MP3. (resultant) force acting down
on the
fabric;
MP4. balloon fabric becomes concave
/ moves downwards;
MP5. (free end of) pointer moves up; for MP5 end of pointer on
the fabric moves down
(iii) accept any two sensible suggestions (2)
e.g.
longer stick/lever;
narrower (diameter of) can;
more stretchy material;
less taut material;

(b) (i) either (1)

it/the reading would decrease;

OR
(right end of) pointer goes down;

OR
left end of pointer goes up;
(ii) more pressure inside the can ; allow if seen in (i) (2)

plus any one from:

particles inside can now move faster /
have more KE;
(hence) particles hit the balloon fabric look for idea of time
more frequently; implied
more often
(hence) particles hit the fabric harder; allow momentum idea

Total for Question 4 = 12 marks

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