NURIMAN COLLECTION

CEFR

SPEAKING
LEVEL B2
PART 3
 Yo‘riqnoma:
Mazkur kitobcha Ingliz tilini bilishni baholashning milliy test tizimi doirasida gapirish ko’nikmasi
qismining 3-bo’limi yuzasidan topshiriqlarga tayyorgarlik ko’rish uchun tayyorlandi.
Bunda siz imtihon topshiruvchiga 1 daqiqa mobaynida berilgan matnni o’qib u haqida qisqacha
gapirish vazifasi beriladi. 28 ta matn yod olishga qiyinligi, tayyorlanish vaqtining ozligi va
o’rganuvchiga oson bo’lishligi uchun haqiqiy matn bilan uning ostiga qisqacha bayoni berilgan. Siz
matnni yaxshilab o’qib, bayonini yodlasangiz kifoya. Istalgan tarzda o’zgartirish kiritgan holatda
o’zlashtirish mumkin. Muhimi yuqori sifatli bilim va ishonchli tayyorgarlik. Omad!
CEFR SPEAKING PART 3 LEVEL B2 NURIMAN COLLECTION

TOPIC 01
IS THERE ANYONE OUT THERE?

AUTHENTIC:

It’s 60 years since a radio telescope was first used to search for alien life.
Will a new generation of technology help us make contact with extra-
terrestrials? Life in the Universe is a concept that has been long debated.
The technological progress of the last century has given us the tools to
enable us to look for intelligent signals from space, but the search may
take a long time. As Seth Shostak, senior astronomer for the SETI Institute,
has said, “The search for intelligence has barely begun, and the search
could take generations”.
Despite the low chance of finding life elsewhere in our Galaxy of 100 billion
stars, the scientists involved in such tasks are optimistic. Missions that have
identified extrasolar planets only give more motivation to the search, while
public awareness of SETI remains high, keeping the search at the forefront
of human imagination. Nevertheless, there are problems; critics have
pointed out that much money is being poured into SETI research when the
case for the existence of extra-terrestrials is not even established.

SUMMARY:

We can understand from the passage that, 60 years ago radio telescopes
started to look for alien life from the universe. Actually, do the aliens exist?
There is no exact answer to this question. There have always been a lot of
hot debates over the case. However, there is no-one who is able to respond
completely.
One scientist also says that it may last too long to find any message from
the aliens. Because there are countless number of stars in the Galaxy.
As these explorations cost very high, there are people who do not support
it. The reason is that they think it is just wasting money.

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TOPIC 02
BERRY SMART

AUTHENTIC:

The world's first raspberry picking robot earns its keep at a West Sussex
farm. The autonomous machine is a variable stiffness robot arm that's able
to replicate the movements of a human arm. The tech was developed by
Fieldwork Robotics, a team from the University of Plymouth headed by Dr
Martin Stoelen. "Currently, manual harvesting represents a large portion of
producers' total costs," says Stoelen. While human workers can pick around
15,000 raspberries in one eight-hour shift, Fieldwork's robot can collect
more than 25,000 in a day. Stoelen is certain that there will always be jobs
for people associated with agriculture. "But it might be that in a decade's
time, instead of spending hours in the cab of a tractor, your role is
managing robots such as those we are developing." Now can you imagine
the future of picking fruits with the help of robots?

SUMMARY:

According to the passage, a new device was created to pick raspberries. It

can imitate human hands when picking. The inventors of this technology
work for FIELD ROBOTICS team. The leader of this company Mr Stoelen
says: manual harvesting is less effective but more expensive than robots. He
predicted that there will still be jobs for people but they will be easier in
the future. It is the development of fruit picking with robots.

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TOPIC 03
BEING BILINGUAL GOOD FOR THE BRAIN

AUTHENTIC:

In the modern world, being bilingual (or even multilingual) has many
benefits. As one example, children who speak two languages score higher
in math. Or as another example related to the business world, employers
tend to offer a higher salary if the employee can speak more than one
language. And let's not forget that people who speak another language
have also been exposed to another culture, which can bring about a
greater acceptance and understanding of others. Improved memory and
decision-making skills serve as one benefit. Bilingualism also wards off
Alzheimer's Disease.
There's more, though. People who use two or more languages also can
switch between tasks more quickly, perhaps because these people are
more accustomed to the confusing back and forth between languages.
And as for people with dementia, the first signs generally appear at about
71.4 years of age for monolinguals, but 75.5 years of age for bilinguals.

SUMMARY:

It is obvious that, knowing foreign languages has many advantages. For

instance, math is easier for pupils who can speak two languages. Moreover,
nowadays, business owners pay more money if the worker is able to speak
foreign languages. Additionally, bilingual people can make friends easily
because they have broader horizon and higher intelligence and the people
also like them.
There are some benefits related to health as well. Bilingualism can prevent
Alzheimer's disease. Multitasking is also common among bilingual people.
They will not have memory problems as early as monolinguals.

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TOPIC 04
LIES A PART OF HUMAN NATURE

AUTHENTIC:

Everyone lies. In fact, lies are an important facet of humanity. For

example, research shows that two acquaintances lie several times in the
average ten minute conversation. Although we are told to always tell the
truth from a very young age, parents lie about Santa Clause or about the
pet dog's death. Parents also smile and say "thank you" when receiving a
gift, then possibly bad-mouth it at home. These conflicting messages signal
children to regard lies as okay.
Psychologist Paul Ekman offers some basic reasons for lying. We lie to
escape punishment, to get out of uncomfortable situations, to boost our
egos, to receive a reward, to protect someone, or to control the flow of
information. Everything from a large exaggeration to a small lie falls into
one of these categories.
Despite the fact that lying is an indivisible part of our psyche, we can only
catch a lie about fifty percent of the time. The success rate is quite low, and
suggests that we don't want to know that another person isn't being
honest. Lies, some experts suggest, are the glue which holds society
together.

SUMMARY:

As we know that everyone lies to some extent because lies are kind of a big
part of human beings. It says in the passage that acquaintances may lie
several times in just ten minutes. Even we are told since childhood that
lying is not good we see its opposite. So we get used to lie and think it is
acceptable.
Lying sometimes is a way to deal with something. Some scientists however
think it keeps society connected.

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TOPIC 05
UFO SCIENCE COULD COMBAT GLOBAL WARMING

AUTHENTIC:

According to a report submitted to the UN, the US will emit even more
greenhouse gases than now by 2022. The United States is already one of
the world's largest polluters. It releases 25% of the pollution that is
responsible for global warming. What's worse, more and more scientists are
concluding that global warming cannot be stopped. We can only limit how
much hotter the Earth will become, and how long the higher temperatures
will stay. But even if all countries were to stop their greenhouse gas
emissions tomorrow, temperatures would still rise.
But maybe the answer to global warming is simpler. Paul Hellyer, a former
Canadian defense minister from the 1960s, has asked all governments to
come clean on UFOs. With alien technology, he has explained, we could
find different, cleaner energy sources within a generation. Those spacecrafts
have traveled great distances to visit our planet. They must be equipped
with advanced engines and energy systems.

SUMMARY:

It is reported to the UN that, emissions from the US will rise in near future.
This country is the largest polluter with 25 percent proportion of world
pollution . It is impossible to stop global warming even all industries stop
emitting. However, one ex-minister of defense of Canada suggests a
strange solution. According to Paul Hellyer , countries around the world
should share secrets about UFOs because UFOs have advanced technology.
It may help with global warming.

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TOPIC 06
ARE YOUNG PEOPLE GETTING DUMBER?

AUTHENTIC:

Research carried out in the United States has discovered that young people
no longer read newspapers regularly. The researchers claim they are
astonished that, whereas decades ago young and old Americans got their
news from the same sources, nowadays teenagers and young adults don’t
read a newspaper as part of their typical daily routine. Young people’s
lives aren’t built around routines, but are often chaotic and unplanned.
What’s more, why should they make the time to read something that was
never written with their interests in mind, anyway?
Some people have taken the results of this research to conclude that,
because young people don’t read newspapers, they must be less well-
informed. But they fail to consider that the widespread use of the Internet
has not only changed but improved the way young people access the
news. Newspapers are quickly becoming old-fashioned, and as more older
people get used to obtaining news faster and for free online, newsprint will
soon be a thing of the past read only by those too afraid to use a
computer.

SUMMARY:

One research in the US proved that young generation don't read

newspaper anymore. It is kind of surprising that several decades ago
everyone got news from the exact sources. Reading newspapers is not one
part of their daily routine nowadays. Even most of them have not routine.
They are spontaneous. Newspapers are boring for them.
Some may think that young generation is not well-aware of events and
less knowledgeable. In fact, those people are mistaken. Internet provided
youngsters with vast knowledge and fast news. In the future everyone will
use the internet except technophobes.

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TOPIC 07
CLIMATE CHANGES: MYTH OR TRUTH?

AUTHENTIC:

The world’s weather is becoming more extreme and harder to predict.

Until recently, evidence for this was largely unreliable, without the support
of any factual proof, and often angrily argued over. The majority of
scientists pointed out that drawing conclusions based on a couple of very
hot summers or a particularly damp spring was misleading. There have
always been occasional weather extremes. Although it’s tempting to
believe the contrary, single events do not indicate a general change to the
climate.
However, a study by the World Weather Organization suggests that there
may well be factual evidence to support the idea that the world’s weather
patterns are changing. By recording weather events over the past two
decades, the organization has been able to discover that the number of
such extreme weather events as floods, droughts, and tornadoes has risen.
Moreover, it predicts that weather events we now consider unusual will
have become the norm by the end of the next decade.

SUMMARY:

It is becoming harder and harder to forecast the weather patterns.

There used to be a lot of debates over the case. Some scientists say it is not
true to conclude from one or two extreme or unusual seasons because they
are normal.
Though, world weather organizations admitted that weather patterns are
really changing. Records of couple of decades proved that floods, droughts,
hurricanes and other natural disasters have noticeably increased. In
addition, if the weather seems unusual now, that will be normally ok till
the end of the next ten years.

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TOPIC 08
ECO-TOWNS

AUTHENTIC:

The UK government has revealed plans to build 10 new ‘eco towns’, the
first new towns to be built in England since the 1960s. According to
ministers, the ‘eco towns’ will help provide a solution to the increasing
housing shortage, as well as the climate change. It is planned that each
new town will contain between 5,000 and 20,000 new homes.
There are few details about what the ‘eco towns’ will actually be like, but
there are already examples in other parts of Europe. The town of
Hammarby in Sweden was built on what had been a polluted industrial
area south-east of the centre of Stockholm and currently contains 10,000
homes. All homes are built to make the best use of natural light. They have
solar panels as well as a system for collecting and reusing rainwater. Waste
from the town is processed to produce gas which powers cookers, buses,
and cars. The waste is also used to fertilize a nearby forest which provides
wood which can be burned to heat the homes. There is a free boat and
tram link to the centre of Stockholm and two-thirds of all journeys are
made by public transport, bicycle, or walking.

SUMMARY:

British government announced the plan about building 10 new eco-towns.

The first this kind of town was built in the 60s of last century. Authorities
claim that these towns will aid in housing shortage and climate conditions.
The towns will be providing from 5,000 to 20,000 homes.
There is not much information about them but there are some eco towns in
other parts of Europe. For instance, Hammarby in Sweden accommodates
10,000 people. It has perfect usage of energy. The houses are provided
with solar panels and rain water systems. Wastes are not wasted. They are
turned into gas to power cookers and transport vehicles. Waste is also used
to fertilize the forest around. Town offers free boat and tram services. It is
possible to travel by walking or public transport or bicycles.

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TOPIC 09
WHY DO WE LOVE COMPUTER GAMES?

AUTHENTIC:

Computer games have become as much a part of our entertainment

world as books and movies. Why is it that so many of us are drawn to the
computer monitor or TV screen? Originally, computers were all work and
no play, being expensive to build and operate. But computer engineers
and designers, being overgrown kids after all, soon began to get
comfortable with their big machines. It occurred to some of them that it
might be a good idea to have the computer show some spaceships and
planets cruising around the galaxy.
The power of computers grew massively and the realism of games has
taken a huge leap forward. A good computer game draws you in to
another world and, unlike a book or a movie, it offers an interactive
experience. You can really develop some hand-eye coordination by
playing many of the current titles out there. But the biggest reason we love
our computer games is that they capture our imagination in a variety of
interactive ways.

SUMMARY:

Computer games have already earned as much reputation as books and

movies. Currently, most people are stuck to the screens. However, initially,
computers were only for work not entertainment. New generation of
computer designers and engineers started to add some spice. Some of
them thought it would be cool if computers showed journeys of spacecrafts
in the galaxy.
A profound advancement occured in realism of games. Games have more
interaction than books or movies. This was the crucial reason.

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TOPIC 10
PET OWNERSHIP

AUTHENTIC:

In an attempt to fight against the rise in ownership of dangerous animals,

the government has announced plans to introduce an addition to the law.
All dogs must now have a microchip with them. Voluntary ‘chipping’ of
animals is already a common practice. It involves a small electronic device
put under the animal’s skin. Each chip has a unique number that can be
read by a scanner. Vets, the police or an animal welfare organisation can
quickly and easily find out the animal’s owner. There are an estimated
eight million dogs in Britain, and four breeds are currently banned under
the Dangerous Dogs Act (1991). Critics of the plan say that it will do nothing
to solve problems with these banned breeds, since people who already own
such dogs are likely to ignore the new law as they fear to lose their animals.
However, owners who can prove that their dogs are not dangerous will be
given a Certificate of Exemption.

SUMMARY:

The government revealed some plans about law amendment of pet

ownership, as an effort to stand against keeping dangerous pets at home.
All the dogs have to be provided with microchips. This was quite common
already. The little device is electronically coded and helps to find the pet's
owner. There are about 8 million dogs in the UK, however, 4 types of them
are banned. Some think that the new law will fail, as the owners of those
type of dogs will be afraid to lose their pets and ignore it. Yet, who proves
that their dog is harmless, can have the certificate of exemption.

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TOPIC 11
WHAT WOULD ALIEN LIFE ACTUALLY LOOK LIKE?

AUTHENTIC:

As we discover ever more planets orbiting other stars, and plan missions to
potentially habitable moons of Saturn and Jupiter. Will we find life - and if
we do, will we even recognise it? Our Universe could turn out to be a
pretty wild place. Recent astronomical discoveries suggest that billions of
Earth-like planets are dotted throughout our Galaxy, which is just one of
billions of galaxies in the Universe. "Our best estimates are that one in four
stars have a planet that is the same size and the same temperature as the
Earth.
That's very high," says David Charbonneau, professor of astronomy at
Harvard University, US. And many scientists now think there is life on at
least some - if not many - of those planets and their moons. One of them is
Dr Chris McKay, a planetary scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center,
who says that we can assume that life is widespread based on "two simple
facts" – chemical elements and oxygen. "If the origin of life is widespread,
then complex life will be widespread," says the scientist.

SUMMARY:

The more we find new planets, the more we send missions to the moons of
Saturn and Jupiter. Is it possible to find life out there? If so, the universe
turns to be a quite wild place. There are billions and billions of stars and
galaxies. One fourth of them has their earth-like planet. Because of oxygen
and chemical elements the life can exist in them.

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TOPIC 12
ON THE NOSE

AUTHENTIC:

In the future, an artificial nose might be as simple as a patch that you

wear on your skin like a plaster, or a wristband that changes colour when
it detects the chemicals in your sweat, or it could be a smartwatch. It might
even be a handheld electronic nose - an e-nose - tailored to sniff out the
signature smell for the disease.
Prof Krishna Persaud, a chemoreception expert at the University of
Manchester, has developed an e-nose that's about the size of an early
mobile phone, and brings us a step closer to what has until now been
science fiction. According to Persaud, we haven't quite managed to
develop a tricorder like the one used by Star Trek's Dr McCoy yet, "but we
are looking at a set of tools right now being developed by researchers
around the world, which will help to transform medicine for the future," he
says.

SUMMARY:

In the future, the nose can be an artificial device like a plaster patch or a
wristband. Even that nose can be e-nose which means it can protect the
breath from viruses.
The developer of this technology claims that this nose is like an old phone.
At first, it seemed to be fiction and impossible. Anyway, it is not that
developed yet, however, they are searching for the scientists around the
globe to improve the technology in terms of medicine.

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TOPIC 13
ATTITUDES TOWARDS MONEY

AUTHENTIC:

Generally, people are classified into three categories according to their

attitudes towards money: misers, spenders, and economizers. Misers seem
almost obsessed with the idea of saving, so they accumulate money in
banks if their income is large, or in the house - stuffed in mattresses or
under the living room rug - if they are low income people. They deprive
themselves of many things and spend money just on the most essential
things. Spenders are people who have a tendency to spend too much on
too many unnecessary things. They are often too generous, making
elaborate gifts to friends and family. Credit cards in some spenders' hands
are often dangerous weapons. They become addicted to using them, only
to regret it later when the bills come in and they are unable to pay.
Economizers are practical people who spend wisely, usually making use of
a budget. They can enjoy more and various material things and activities
due to their careful utilization of funds.

SUMMARY:

There are 3 types of people in terms of spending money: misers, spenders

and economizers. Misers always try to save as much money as possible. Rich
misers accumulate it in a bank, poor ones under the rug or so.
They keep themselves away many things. Spenders are people who don't
care about the money and spend carelessly. They often regret after finding
themselves penniless. Economizers can enjoy both saving and using money.
They are practical, it is easy for them to control the money.

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TOPIC 14
THE REASONS FOR RAPID POPULATION GROWTH

AUTHENTIC:

Statistics show that rapid population growth creates problems for

developing countries. So why don't people have fewer children? Statistics
from the developed countries suggest that it is only when people's living
standards begin to rise that birth rates begin to fall. There are good reasons
for this. Poor countries cannot afford social services and old age pensions,
and people's incomes are so low they have nothing to spare for savings. As
a result, people look to their children to provide them with security in their
old age. Having a large family can be a form of insurance. And even while
they are still quite young, children can do a lot of useful jobs on a small
farm. So poor people in a developing country will need to see clear signs of
much better conditions ahead before they can think of having smaller
families. But their conditions cannot be improved unless there is a
reduction in the rate at which population is increasing. This will depend on
a very much wider acceptance of family planning and this, in turn, will
mean basic changes in attitudes.

SUMMARY:

According to the statistics it has some negative impacts for underdeveloped

countries to have large population. It is claimed that, the higher life
standard is, the lower birth rate will be.
The main reason of having a lot of children is the future support. When
parents are old their children look after them and provide versatile
security. Even kids are young, they do a lot of house chores. People believe
that their life will be better with a lot of children. But the country's
economy may not grow fast with extra population.

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TOPIC 15
HOW THE EMERGENCIES WORK FOR ROAD ACCIDENTS

AUTHENTIC:

In major emergencies such as road traffic accidents, most people in Britain

are treated under the National Health Service, known as the NHS. If you
are badly injured, you will be taken by ambulance to Accident and
Emergency.
Once any bleeding has been stopped, you will be x-rayed to see if you
have broken any bones. If you have fractured your femur or patella, you
may be operated on by an orthopaedic surgeon fairly quickly. If you have
done serious damage to your pelvis, you may need to be transferred to a
large city hospital where surgeons specialize in complex fractures and
pelvic reconstruction. Many unlucky motorcyclists require specialist surgery
and often their legs are put in traction until they enter the operating
theatre.
Soon after the operation, the patient is usually introduced to the
physiotherapist. Some patients are put on a special machine which gently
moves their knee and hip joints.

SUMMARY:

National Health Service treats people in major emergencies in Britain.

Badly injured person is taken to Accident and Emergency by an
ambulance. When bleeding stops, injured person is x-rayed to see whether
any bone is broken. If there is any broken bone, quick surgery is scheduled.
If the condition is too serious, the person is taken to more advanced city
hospital. After the operation, physiotherapist is counselled. Sometimes an
injured person may need special machine to help in gentle movements.

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TOPIC 16
READING TO THE CHILD

AUTHENTIC:

It is advisable for parents to read to their children at preschool and early

primary levels. When they read to a child from story books, comic strips of
the better type, and children's magazines, he becomes aware that books,
magazines, and newspapers hold something of interest and amusement for
him. He also comes to realize that this "something" which he enjoys is tightly
locked within black and white symbols, and that these symbols can be
unlocked only when one knows how to read. This awareness and interest
form a springboard from which he can leap into learning to read in school,
and into the voluntary reading of self-selected books. Parents, however,
should not continue reading to their child year after year as he passes
through the elementary grades. If the child can only get his reading
pleasure through his parents' efforts, he may not have much incentive for
doing the reading himself. Parents should decrease their reading to the
child as he learns to read and put him on his own as soon as possible.

SUMMARY:

Parents ought to read to their children as early as they are in preschool. If

they read different interesting books like tales, comics or stories children get
a useful entertainment. A child may get an idea that the little black
symbols are the keys of their enjoyment so it motivates him to read. It
brings about the success in later school education. After elementary school,
parents are not advised to continue reading. A child gets used to parents
reading, not independent reading. Therefore, it is good to decrease reading
as soon as child learns reading.

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TOPIC 17
OCEANS

AUTHENTIC:

Without the oceans the climate crisis would already be far worse. "The
oceans have shielded us from the heat, they've shielded us from the carbon
dioxide," says Dan Lafloley, from the International Union for the
Conservation of Nature. "If the ocean hadn't been there global surface
temperatures would be over 30°C warmer." He describes the oceans as a
comfort blanket that has been keeping conditions just right for life on
Earth. But while their colossal absorption of carbon and heat hips to stave
off the climate crisis, it causes other problems beneath the waves.
The oceans themselves are noticeably warming and are becoming more
acidic, and as temperatures rise the oceans are losing oxygen. And this
spells bad news for all sea life, which will find it harder to breathe and
survive. The shifting chemistry of the oceans makes life especially tough for
corals, clams, plankton and other organisms with shells or skeletons made
of calcium carbonate which begins to dissolve as it drops.

SUMMARY:

Climate crisis is not so bad because of the oceans. They protect us from
heat and carbon dioxide. If there were no oceans, the temperature would
be 30⁰ C warmer. Oceans are like comfort blankets, if they sponge the
carbon above, there will be other problems beneath. They are becoming
warmer. They are loosing oxygen. It will cause the difficulties for marine
animals.

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TOPIC 18
CELL PHONES AFFECT MEMORY

AUTHENTIC:

We rely too much on technology, which has reduced our brainpower. And
it's measurable. Professor Ian Robertson of Trinity College Dublin
conducted the study. His research showed that most citizens in Britain have
to remember five passwords, five-pin numbers, two number plates, three
security ID numbers, and three bank account numbers just to get through
life every day. But most people have become incapable of remembering
all this information, so use only one or two passwords.
It highlights what many people also expressed as "information overload."
Cell phones, Blackberries, and other memory devices offer a solution to the
numbers and codes the average person has to remember. But Robertson
said that people use the devices instead of their memory. And the less you
use your memory, the poorer it becomes. The study discovered that one-
quarter of all Britons didn't know their home phone number. And only a
third of those surveyed could remember more than three birthdays of their
immediate family members.

SUMMARY:

Nowadays, people depend on their gadgets extensively, which is resulting

to memory loss. One professor studied the effects of phones. According to
him, a british person has to keep in mind five passwords, five-pin numbers,
two number plates, three security ID numbers, and three bank account
number for their daily lives. However, most people can't do it. That's why
they use one or two passwords. People blame information overload but
the less they use their brain the worse it becomes. One out of four of Britons
do not remember their phone numbers. Only one out of three of them can
remember more than three birthdays of their family member.

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TOPIC 19
HOW IMPORTANT IS SPELLING?

AUTHENTIC:

One British academic thinks it may not be so important. English teachers,

scholars, and linguists have been wrong to emphasize the need for correct
spelling. He has suggested that various spellings of words should be
acceptable if everyone can easily and effectively communicate. Is there
any harm if "occasion" were spelled with two s's? Or would the world end if
the i and e were reversed in such words as "foreign," "weird," or "neighbor?"
Not everyone agrees, however. In fact, quite a number of academics have
gotten in a huff with regards to the proposal. Even if English may have
many exceptions to established rules, those rules still exist for a reason.
Communication is easier with consistent spelling. Good spelling goes hand
in hand with good writing, which implies that the reader shouldn't have to
re-read sentences to understand the meaning of the writer. Most
academics agree that spelling is just as important as good grammar.

SUMMARY:

One academic from Britain claims that spelling is not that essential. He
thinks that teachers, linguists and scholar have overemphasized it so long.
As he suggests, wrong spelling can be ok if everyone understands. There are
the words like "foreign", "occasion", "neighbor" that do not make difference
if written incorrectly.
There are some opponents as well. They consider spelling very crucial. It
provides good understanding and exactness. It is as important as good
grammar.

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TOPIC 20
RINGXIETY

AUTHENTIC:

Phones are an important part of our everyday lives. You can connect with
friends and family, check e-mail and the Internet, and listen to music or
watch TV. The invention has made our lives simpler. However, some
people think that we might be too dependent on our phones.
Cell phones bring anxiety. Here's an example: You stand in a crowded
place, hear someone's phone ring, and reach for your phone. Experts and
the media call this "ringxiety." Some people think they hear the phone ring
while they are in the shower. Other people often check their phones while
they are watching TV or walking down the street.
Although the medical community doesn't recognize ringxiety as an illness,
many visitors to discussion boards also complain about the same problem.
There is also some scientific truth. The human ear is very sensitive to
frequencies between 1,000 and 6,000 hertz. The tones of cell phones fall
within this range. Unfortunately, many other sounds do too.

SUMMARY:

Phones became very essential on a daily basis. It is possible to connect with

family, friends, check email, listen to music and so on. It made life easier
but some do not agree with it.
They say it brought anxiety. For instance, in public if someone's phone rings
most people touch their phones in their pocket unconsciously. It is ringxiety.
Even it is not medically proven illness, many believe that it is hazardous.
Phone tones do not suit ear capabilities.

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TOPIC 21
SET GOALS TO SUCCEED

AUTHENTIC:

Did you know that writing can increase productivity, help manage stress,
and even reduce depression? It also orders thoughts and emotions, and
allows people to locate and solve problems and negative feelings. What's
more, writing allows the mind to brainstorm solutions too, especially when
goals are pursued. And yet, despite how powerful writing can be, very few
people undertake this practice. For example, it's estimated that less than
two percent of people write down goals.
The study demonstrates that writing combined with setting goals can limit
any damaging beliefs students might have about their own academic
performance. This is true even if the belief comes from negative stereotypes
which the students might personally presume.

SUMMARY:

Writing is the way to productivity, stress management and depression

reduction. It helps to deal with negative thoughts and bothering problems,
even can brainstorm solutions to the goals. However, very few people
practise it. More exactly it is just less than two percent of people who
regularly write their goals. Moreover, it aids to manage academic
performance of the students.

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TOPIC 22
SOLAR ENERGY

AUTHENTIC:

The production of energy through the sun’s power is steadily increasing. In

some parts of the world solar power has become even cheaper than fossil
fuels, like oil or natural gas. Solar power is opening up new opportunities
for developing countries. Many of these countries would have to wait for a
long time to get enough electricity.
The sun’s energy does not only provide us with light and heat. As solar cells
are becoming more efficient solar power has become a source of energy for
many devices and machines, from cell phones to cars, ships and airplanes.
The solar energy boom is also creating tens of thousands of new jobs every
year. Currently, about 1.3 million people are working in the solar power
business, over 400 000 in China alone. All in all, solar power will definitely
be the number one alternative energy form of future decades.

SUMMARY:

Energy production from the sun is gradually increasing. It is cheaper than

fossil fuel energy in some countries. It is opening new gates for
underdeveloped countries.
The sun does not only provide with light and heat but also great type of
energy which can be turned into electricity. It can power cars, ships, phones
and other devices. This phenomenon is creating new job opportunities as
well. For example, nowadays 1,3 mln people work for this industry and 400
thousand of them in China. In summary, solar power is the power of the
future.

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TOPIC 23
A THEME PARK

AUTHENTIC:

In 2020, a theme park in Hong Kong had to close because of the

coronavirus. For the year, the park was closed for more than 200 days. It is
open now again, but the park owners must limit the number of visitors by
25%.
The chairman of the park said that the current situation was a chance for
the park to find new ways to attract visitors. The park is located on the
coast and there is a lot of greenery, which makes it possible to do activities
like glamping, which is a form of camping, but it is more comfortable.
Visitors can also do yoga in an aquarium.
Tourists cannot travel to Hong Kong now, so it is necessary to make the
park more attractive for local people. The chairman said that it could take
years to return to the situation before the coronavirus started.

SUMMARY:

In Hong Kong, one of the theme parks closed due to coronavirus pandemic
for more than 200 days. Nowadays it is open again but there is a
limitation on the number of visitors. The director says that now the park
needs to find new attractions. As it is located on the coast, there a number
of activities can be done. There is not a permission to come to Hong Kong
from outside, that's why they need to attract local people.

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TOPIC 24
CHINA-AUSTRALIA TRADE WAR

AUTHENTIC:

In 2018, Australia banned the Chinese company Huawei from supplying

equipment for the 5G mobile network. Australia said that the reason had
been national security risks, which was criticized by Huawei as being
politically motivated.
China continues to put pressure on Australia because of Australia´s refusal
to install Huawei´s 5G network. Last month, Huawei said that it would end
its sponsorship of an Australian rugby league club, and relations between
Australia and China have tightened this year after Australia called for
independent international investigation into the source of the coronavirus
pandemic.
China is trying to push Australia to make the 5G deal. But there is one
thing that China is careful about. The country must not stop supplies of iron
because Chinese industry depends on it.

SUMMARY:

Australia banned one Chinese comlany called Huawei in 2018. The reason
was political issues. China is forcing Australia to let Huawei 5G network.
Huawei warned that it would stop sponsorship for one rugby club of
Australia. Another conflict rose from coronavirus investigation. Even China
is still strict about 5G, they also fear that Austraila's iron determines Chinese
industry.

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TOPIC 25
FLYING CAR

AUTHENTIC:

Flying car is a type of personal air vehicle or readable aircraft that

provides door-to-door transportation by both ground and air.
Professor Stefan Klein from the University of Münster designed a flying car.
The Slovak company KleinVision made the car and it was time to test it.
On October 22, the car took its first flight at an airport in Slovakia, and it
flew almost 460 meters in the air.
The car changes from a road car to a flying car in less than three minutes.
It weighs 1,100 kilograms, and it can carry a load of 200 kilograms. It has a
1.6-liter engine, and it can fly about 1,000 kilometers without stopping.
Anton Zajac, the co-founder of the Slovakian company KleinVision said
that with AirCar, people would arrive at their destination without the
hassle of getting a ride to the airport and passing through commercial
security. The car is suitable for leisure and self-driving journeys or as a
commercial taxi service.

SUMMARY:

It is the sort of air transport that can take even to the door. One professor
and a company created a flying car collaborately. On October 22, the car
was tested and it flew 460 meters in the sky. It can turn from flying car into
road car in few minutes. It weighs just slightly more than a tonne and can
carry 200 kilos. With 1,6 litres engine it is possible to fly 1,000 kilometres.
One of the leaders of the company says it gives us a chance to reach our
destination without traffic jams and other unwanted problems.

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TOPIC 26
THE FASHION INDUSTRY

AUTHENTIC:

The fashion industry is a big problem for the environment. 20% of the
world´s wastewater comes from the fashion industry, and the industry is
also responsible for 10% of world carbon emissions. It is more than all planes
and ships make together.
An interesting fact is that it takes about 7,500 liters of water to make a
pair of jeans. At the same time, people throw a lot of clothes away. Every
second, they throw away so many clothes that they would fill one garbage
truck. People follow the latest fashions and they keep buying new clothes.
They throw away clothes that are still nice, and somebody else could wear
them.
At the same time, there are many startup brands that focus on a smaller
group of customers who care about the environment and they are willing
to pay for it. These companies use innovative technologies; for example,
they make clothes from fermented agricultural waste.

SUMMARY:

This industry is a quite big problem for the Earth. 20% of wastewater and
10% of carbon emission is the result of the fashion industry. It means all cars
and planes altogether don't make such mess. One example, a pair of jeans
need 7,500 litres water to be ready. Regardless of this, people throw so
many clothes to keep up with the latest fashion. To solve this, there are
some new startups which make clothes from fermented agricultural waste.

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TOPIC 27
A MAN COLLECTS OLD PHONES

AUTHENTIC:

Hassan al-Tourky is Egypt´s telephone collector, who collects and restores

old telephones. Some of al-Tourky´s collections date back to the 1800s and
they were once owned by famous persons like Egypt´s late King Farouq.
King Farouq´s phone dates back to 1933, and it is specifically used in the
royal court. Al-Tourky also owns Charlie Chaplin´s telephone that was
hung on the wall and one that was placed on his desk.
The family-run shop does not make much money; however, it is run with a
passion for preserving history. The 65-year-old collector buys some phones
from villas, palaces, or auctions; however, some of the phones were left by
al-Tourky´s father, who loved them, just like al-Tourky does. He keeps
them for himself and his sons who share his passion.

SUMMARY:

In Egypt, there is a man called Hassan al-Tourky who collects and repairs
old phones. He has unique collection of phones, even some of them as old
as centuries. He has famous people's phones as well, like King Foruq's and
Charlie Chaplin's. Even his shop doesn't make much money, they work with
enthusiasm and love. He buys phones from villas, palaces and auctions. He
got his passion from his father. He is sharing it with his sons.

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TOPIC 28
HORSES CAN READ EMOTIONS

AUTHENTIC:

Horses and humans have an ancient relationship. Asian nomads probably

domesticated the first horses some 4,000 years ago, and the animals
remained essential to many human societies until the advent of the engine.
Horses still hold a place of honor in many cultures, often linked to heroic
exploits in war.
In new research, scientists showed horses photographs of human faces, and
they discovered that horses can distinguish between angry and happy faces
and react accordingly. The scientists fitted the horses with heart monitors
which revealed that angry faces cause their heart rates to rise significantly.
Riders at a horse club in London said that there is a special relationship
between humans and horses. If you’re happy and relaxed, the horse will
also be happy and relaxed and it will help you. If you are angry, the horse
will be angry or scared.

SUMMARY:

Horses and people have an old relationship. Asian nomadic tribes tamed
horses about 4,000 years ago. Horses had been very important transport
by the engine invention. They are still honoured by many cultures as the
symbol of heroism. Recent research found out that horses can differentiate
facial expressions and react accordingly. Angry face can cause heart beat
rise in the horse. According to some riders there is a link between human
and horse feelings. If a man is happy horse is happy too, if not horse isn't
either.

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