Weatherford software too! provides multiple sient models and analysis.PanSystem® software has been the industry's leading well-test analysis program for more than 20 years. Its a robust yet easy-to-use software tool that provices multiple options for mode's and analysis. These options include Industry standards as well as user-defined models for aditional Nexibity. Uttimately, the PanSystem application provides a way to simplify complex transient well testing through detalled analysis, simulation and reporting PanSystem sotware is dedicated to transient well esting, a Key technical function in the oll and gas industry. A pressure transient well test hes the unique capability to obtain information from vithin the reservoir surrounding the well and, with appropriate testing and analysis techniques, can provide wealth of data: + Permeabilty ofthe reservolrat-large and, in some cases, the near- wellbore region + Completion efficiency, effective open interval size (over the life ofthe well + Reservoir structure (boundaries, heterogeneities) + Reservoir pressure + Nature of any pressure support + Drainage area, connacted pore volume, and intial hygrocarbons in place + Vertical permeability, vrtical communi + Well performance (over the Ife of the wel tion in layered systems + Communication between wells + Deliverablity and production forecasts Typical pomanont downhole gauge record spanning 15 months of rato changos and shut ns, planned and unscheduled 2 cates antTypical applications ‘The task of designing, executing and analyzing a well test depends on operating conaitions as well as completion and reservoir type. PanSystem software analyzes a wide range of situations and asset types. + Lowspressure reservoirs, heavy oil: Wellbore fil-up and leak-off tess, steam-injection tests Pumping wells: Accusteally cerved pressures and rates ‘Medium oll reservoirs: Conventional dravidown and buildup tests Gas wells: Conventional analysis using real gas pseuco-pressure, turbulent skin analysis fer high-rate wells, and gas well deliverabilty by empirical (C-and-n) and LIT methods. (In depletion scenarios, gas properties are revised as reservoir pressure declines ) Volatile ollfcondensate reservoirs: Conventional analysis techniques or use of multiphase pseudo- pressure to model phase behavior and its effect on relative permeabilty (in particular, liquid dropout or gas breakout around wellbore) + Hydrothermal wells: Steam production, water injection + Gas- and water.injection wells: injection and falloff tests, including muttiregion analysis to enable mobile phase changes and temperature effects «+ Interference tests: inter-vell permeabilty and @Ct product from type-curve analysis andlor history ‘matching by simulation + Muttilayerad reservoirs: Conventional analysis or specialized testing technique (\LT) using selective flowmeter data + Varying rate tests: Rates measured on surface or with a downhole flowmeter + Permanent downhole (or surface) gauges: Special pressure decline analysis (PDA) section to analyze long-term pressure and rate records for hydrocarbons. In place; deconvolution to reveal nature of the reservoir ‘and boundary models otherwise obscured by rate changes and shut.ins + Wireline formation tests: Analysis of pre-test, purnp-out, ‘minDST, and vertical interference tests using dual- and packer-probe analytical models (including special LAS and PK format data import) Pansystemt Wel-Test Analysis Sofware 4F From large-scale reservoir characterization to monitoring of individual well performance, PanSystem’s well- test analysis provides information for many important ‘operational decisions. Workover: Completion efficiency from skin factor and early time derivative shape: open interval length for stimulation or repertoration: fracture quality + Reservoir characterization: Horzontal permeabilty ftom ): vertical permeability boundaries and heterogeneities; gas ceplequlfer support; pressure suppor from a secon compartment layering for reservolr model refinement and fiel-cevelopment planning Reserves estimation: Extended production test: lona- ‘term flowing prassure record (with permanent downhole gauge); bulldup testing for reservoir model refinement and field-development planning Production performance prediction: Single well forward prediction with material balance included for field-development planning Reservoir pressure decline: for feld-development planningPermanent downhole-gauge data, from PanQL” software to in-depth analysis ‘The PanQL module is a subset of PanSystem® software that has been implemented in Weatherford's reservoir monitoring system (RMS) and data-acquisttion unt. The PanQL application performs an automatic transient analysis quick- look on unscheduled bulldups from wellhead or downhole ‘gauge data and e-mails the resuits to the reservoir engineer. “The entire process is automated so that no user interaction Is required and no valid buildup, no matter how short, is missed. + The PanQL program is triggered when a shut-in is detected land the pressure change and duration constitutes a valid dataset for interpretation. This process Is datermined by @ ‘smart acquisition routine based on defined parameters. +The following information is obtained from the quick-iook analysis: k: the effective permeability ofthe formation = S: skin factor: the near-wellbora damage or improvement — p* the extrapolated formation static pressure (from the Horner plot) + Asynopsis of the PenQL resuits is then sent to the reservoir enginesr vie e-mail, + Ifthe reservoir engineer wishes to further investigate the quick-look, he or she may log on to the system via a web interface, look at the plots and results, and determine whether or not to download raw data (oF @ wavelet reduced dataset for in-depth investigation, + As successive test results are accumulated in the database, these parameters can be graphed against time to raveal trends ‘A.wide range of reservoir and boundary models, diagnostic plots, line-ft options, type-curves and simulation are available in PanSystem software should @ more rigorous analysis be required, No 7 ee 4 tee || Sage || Se cate [| SS | ott [7 st Stared uk oss Parameter | __/ Qui Lok Setup |S Anis ‘Stored Faw and Wavelet Roducos y ata (on demand) Ema PanQt. worktow. 4 so tat sm PanQL.logog plot radial fowine and flow regime are ed automaticaly to dave k and S. P*is obtained from a Horner pit, Web Inertsceansysten? Wet Test Anas Sofware NGF Permanent downhole gauge data—long-term data analysis ‘PanSystem software can be used to analyze an entire permanent downhole gauge recoré or sections of it rather than just individual bullcups. This takes advantage of the huge radius of investigation implicit in any long-term pressure record at a constant rate (idealy) or at diferent rates interspersed \with shut-in, which is typical for identifying remote boundaries, closure, drainage area and pore volume. ‘Taree techniques are avaliable in the POA module of PanSystem software. + Deconvolution: The deconvolution module processes any multirate test ‘sequence inelucing flowing periods and shut-ins and, without any prior ‘assumptions regarding models, presents the data in the form of constant rate drawdown response, from which its more straightforward to extract the lunderiying reservoir and boundary models. The medule also has the option te minimize errors in flowrate measurements by making adjustments + Agarwal-Gardner type-curves: These type-curves are intended primarily for assessment of drainage area and pore volume in semisteady state systems, but also cover the early transient period, Equivalent constant rate (ECR) method: Primarily for semisteady state analysis, this method is 2 relatively simplistc process vhich, lke deconvolution, converts the data to an equivalent constant rate dravidown, ‘The powerful wavelet-based advanced data concitioning module has been Implemented in the dataprep section to faciitate reduction and denolsing of large datasets and to detect rate change events automatically Deconvolution module, showing raw data, 8 sequence of flowing and shut:n periods (upper lot); the doconvolvad constant rato darvative (ight), towrates before and aftr adjustment an optional part ofthe decorwolution process (lower le).The power of numerical simulation ‘The use of a numerical simulator enables the well-test analyst to reach beyond the limits of analytical simulation in terms of complexity of reservoir structure and completion design. + True 3-dimansional well-test simulator + Complex boundary geometries, regular shapes + Multiple layers, multiple completions + Heterogenelties (rock ane uid) + Pressure versus time at any point in the reservoir ‘The Paniiesh” module Is fully integrated into PanSystem’ software. it {utfls the same basic simulation objectives as the analytical quick match and advanced simulators avaliable in the PanSystem application in terms (of madel validation and test design, and occupies a similar place in the workflow, but has a far greater modeling capabilty ‘PanMesh’s color visualization facilty oflers @ deeper understanding of te nature of the transient response by tracking the pressure transient as it propagates through the reservoir. Ths tacking enables the analyst to see how changes in the mode! structure correlate with changes inthe pressure derivative Numeriosl The fait structure encountered by ths fl of fest could not be modeled snalytically ints entirety. The numerical model, ‘which was based on the faul map and cea inthe Pankash modulo, delvered a good prossure and denvalive match, coating the co ines ofthe map.PanSystem® Well-Test Analysis Software Wireline formation testing ‘Tne PanSystem application imports wireline formation-tester data in conventional LAS format and in Weatherford's DPK format. Automatic identification of flow periods based on piston movement makes for rapid data preparation, ‘Models have been implemented for the analysis of probe and dual-packer configurations used for pre-test, pump-oul, and mini-DST tests, In addition, ‘active and interference signals from a dual- or packer-probe combination ccan be processed simultaneously to optimize resutts Pro-est data rom a wirlino formation toster with probe, PanSystem software has models to intorpat tho actwo and Interference signals rom a dual o packer-probe combination vw 7Key technical features ‘The latest release of PanSystam’ comes with a new graphical interface which offers the user an efficient workflow and greatly enhanced plating capabilities. Its versatile data processing and analysis features meet the challenges presented by the high performance of modern pressure gauges ‘and the large volumes of data that they can acquire. Versatile data preparation + Easy entry of basic rock and fluld parameters + Import of raw data ~ ODBC databases supported (Weatherford RMS, any standard SQL) — Imper trom fle or Mlerosoft Excel" spreadsheet = Import from LAS or DPK files (wireline formation tester) = More than adequate capacity (20 millon data points) = Append new cata to existing data, including quasi-realime acquisition through the ODBC facility + Data processing = Wavelet transforms fir for outller eemovel, denoising, reduction, and event detection Large choice of alternative data reduction and smoothing algorithms = Data manipulation (function, difference, shit, copy, paste, merge, resample, and tidal fiter) + Flow rates = Manual and automatic identification of rate change events (with a choice of simplistic and wavelet-based options) — Flow rate averaging from long-term production recores — Wavelet fiter reciuces size of rate data channel while honoring cumulative production Option to compute sandtace flow rate from dpidt + Wellhead-to-bottomhole flowing pressure conversion using VFP format flowing pressure fles, Weatherford's WellFio* application, or a simplified ‘model for dry gas ea repre ademas of eroson CamprationPansystem? Wel-Test Analysis Sontare | AQF Analysis + Wide range of wellbore, reservo'r, and boundary models User-defined models can be easily integrated via dynamic-ink library Up to six diferent models can be Investigated In a single fle + Diagnostic plots include log-log with selection of pressure derivatives, rate normalization and superposition/convolution,line-fiting, and type- curve matching Deconvolution module extracts underlying reservoir and boundary models ‘rom a multirate test sequence, including flowing periods end shul-ins, without any prior assumptions regarding models and has the option to minimize errors in flowrate measurements ‘Quick single-wall simulation enables rapid validation of selected storage, reservoir and boundary models, and parameters + Auto-regression for automatic parameter optimization PDA facility for the analysis of long-term flowing pressure end rate (or cumulative) data to estimate hydrocarbons in place using ~ Agarwal-Gardner type-curves ~ Weatherford's ECR deconvolution method PanSysfor software prowides many complomentary took for wol-test interpretation. Ths gure shows 8.935 well buldup test wath low-regime markers, straight-line dervatve diagnostics, and a simulatod-analyical mod response. Paramotors ‘are displayed in tho box tltKey technical features (continued) Simulation In addition to the quick simulation for model validation, Pansystem* software contains muttivel, multilayer simulators to generate pressure from flow rate {advanced simulation) and, ess conventionally, flov rate from pressure (the PanFiow™ module) In layered reservoirs, layer offiake and crossfiow are modeled. PantMesh software, PanSystem's companion numerical well test simulator, glves the user access to more complex well and reservolr configurations that are beyond the capabiliies of analytical model Deliverability and production forecasting + Using the results of transient welltest analysis or from direct, measurements of fiowing pressures and rates = Conventional IPR for oll or water — Empirical C-and-n and rigorous LIT methods for gas and condensate wells + Preduetion forecasting module forward simulates the production profile through transient, seritransient, semisteady, or sieady-siate phases to abandonment ~ Constant bottomnole flowing pressure option or constant tophole ‘owing pressure (using a VFP format file for tubing performance) ~ Reservoir pressure is computed versus time in depletion cases Test design + Well-test design module includes testing time and flow-rate advisors + Predicted pressure response generated by advanced simulation can Include gauge resolution, noise and dri Comparison of buildup fests run inthe seme welin 2007 and 2008, 10 coms vats pin mntansysten? Wet Test Anas Sofware NGF Multiple plot capability + PenSystem software can open muttple PanSystem fs for comparison of gauge datasets and interpretations — Welltests run in same well at cifferent times — Well tests run in oiferent wells ~ Different interpretations of one well test + Plots can be compared side-by-side or as overiays Reporting + User-configurable report format can be stored as a template + Output to printer orto Microsoft Word + Version 4 of the regulatory Pressure ASCII Standard (PAS) format ofthe Alberta EUB Is supported for TRG.PAS PanScan™ software ‘The PanScan software utity digtzes scans of mechanical gauge records (strip charts) ready fer import into PanSystem software, Help + The interactive workflow feature can be used to guide the new or infrequent user step-by-step through the various workflows (derivative analysis, ype-curve analysis, etc.) + Detalled help documentation for technical and functional issues + Support desk offers technical advice by e-mail or phone Exit option Restricted workflow steps for each stage ofthe analysis, Help pane {or each stage “The Workllow feature quides the user step-by-step through derwative analysis.wy PanSystem" Well-Test Analysis Software Rooust, easy-to-use software toc! provides multiple options for pressure transient models and analysis. Weatherford provides worldwide service and supgert from more than 900 locations in approximately 100 countries. To find out more about our production optimization software tools, contact an authorized Weatherford representative or visit weatherford.com. wv Weatherford weathertord.com camaiiiete tpn SOE