Question & Answer for IGC 1:

1. Explain the purposes of the following sections of a health and safety policy:
i. “Statement of intent” (2)
ii. “ Organization” (2)
iii. “Arrangements” (2)

Ans: ‘’statement of intent’’ demonstrate an organization commitment to, and sets

organizational for H&S.
‘’ organization’’ section identifies the health & safety responsibilities &
channels of communication within the organization.
‘’ Arrangements’’ section deals the practical means for achieving the
objectives laid down in the policy statement.

2. Outline the issues that are typically included in the arrangements section of a
health and safety policy?
Ans: Following are the typically issues can be included in arrangement are
 Allocating of finance for H&S
 Planning
 Organizing
 Controls of hazards e.g general risk assessment.
 Consultation
 Communication
 Competence
 Accidents & hazards reporting
 Monitoring compliance
 Specific arrangements for hazards e.g fire, electricity, manual handling,
work at height.

3. Describe the circumstances that would require a health and safety policy to be
reviewed.
Ans:
 When major accidents happens
 As the time passes
 Organization or reorganization
 When legislation changes
 When technological changes
 When increased enforcement actions
 As suggested by professional advice
 When increased in Non compliance report
4. Outline ways in which the health and safety culture of an organization might
be improved.
Ans:
 Securing commitment of management
 Control e.g managers taking full responsibilities for controlling the factors
that could lead to loss.
 Promoting health & safety standards by leadership and example.
 Use of competent personnel with relevant knowledge skills & work
experience
 Competence.
 Effective communication within the organization.

5. a. Explain, using an example, the meaning of the term “ Risk”

Ans:
‘’ A risk is a likelihood that hazard will cause a specified harm to someone or
something’’

b. Outline the factors that should be considered when selecting individuals to

assist in carrying out risk assessments in the workplace.
Ans:
A Person who is carrying out the risk assessment should have knowledge of
as follows
 legal requirement with respect to risk assessment
 Process of identifying the hazards and evaluating risks.
 Identification and selection of appropriate control measures
 Awareness of individual own limitations
 Assessing source of information
 Report writing skills
 Interpretation of any local regulations and standards
 Means available for communicating the outcomes of the risk
assessments.

6. Outline the factors to consider when making an assessment of first-aid provision

in a workplace
Ans:
 Different work activities e.g. offices, have relatively few hazards & low levels
of risk.
 Difficult access to treatment
 Workers working away from employers premises.
 Workers of more than one employer working together.
 Provision for non employees.
 Having made these assessment additional facilities.
 Previous accidents history of the company
7. Outline the immediate and longer term actions that should be taken following a
serious injury accident at work?
Ans:
 Isolating services & making the area safe
 Administrating first-aid treatment & summon the emergency services
 Informing the next of kin
 Notifying the enforcement authority by quickest practical means.
 Collecting initial evidence such as photograph & sketches & names of
witness
 Setting up the accident investigations.
 Preparing accidents investigation report & forwarding to the clients.
Consultants & enforcement authority.
 Giving the feedback to the worker of the accidents.

8. a. Explain the meaning of the term ‘Perception’

Ans: ‘’ perception is the way that people perceive things’’ were considered
inadequate in this respect.

b. Outline ways in which employees ‘perceptions of hazards in the workplace

might be improved

Ans:
 Motivation or the need to increase awareness by safety campaigns.
 Use of poster for various hazards & accidents at site
 To increase knowledge by training
 Identify, perhaps by use of survey & to know the reasons for employee’s
misperceptions.
 & how improvements might be achieved
 Use of signage’s about the hazards like electricity & noise etc.

9. Outline the factors that may indicate a need for health surveillance of employees
in a workplace.
Ans: -
 When there increased complaints from the worker regarding the workplace,
work equipments etc.
 When as suggested by the professional third party consultants.
 By inspecting the workplace & poor working conditions are noted.
 When the there is too much dust is generating at workplace & which can be
seen by evidence that dust on floor, doors, window etcs.
 Too much noise at workplace & people complaining about hearing problems.
10. Explain why it is important to use a variety of methods to communicate health
and safety information in the workplace.

Ans:-
 The need to overcome language barrier.
 The capability of some employees to read.
 The need to motivate,
 stimulate interest
 & gain involvement & feedback
 The acceptance that different types of information require different methods
of communication.

11. a. Explain the meaning of the term ‘permit – to – work’

Ans:-
 A permit to work is a formal written document used to control known
workplace hazards.

b. Outline the specific details that should be included in a ‘permit – to - work

for entry into a confined space.

Ans:

 Work to be done
 Hazards associated with confined space e.g. flammable substance,
 Testing the atmosphere. E.g. oxygen deficiency or enrichment.
 Isolation if any.
 Respiratory protective equipment and other PPE for those risks.
 Equipment for safe access and exit
 Suitable & sufficient emergency rescue arrangements
 Cleaning & purging

12. Outline reasons why an employee may require additional health and safety
training at a later stage of employment within an organization.
Ans:
 When legislation changes
 When night shift is introduced
 When new technology arrives
 When there is job rotation
 Refresher training as and when required.
 When there is major accidents happens or accidents are increased
 When there is audit non compliance report has issued.
14. List the factors that could be considered when assessing the health and safety
Competence of a contractor.
Ans:-
 HSE policy
 Professional body licenses
 Insurance of the company
 Competency of the key personnel’s
 Accidents/incidents records
 Previous references
 Prosecution
 Method statements & Risk Assessment
 HSE Plan
 Resources available
 Enforcement actions & compensation claims

15. An organization has been found to have inadequate standards of workplace

health and safety. Identify the costs that the organization may incur as a result.

Ans:-

 cost associated with production lost

 damage to materials
 first aid cost
 investigation and remedial action
 additional administration incurred
 Replacement staff
 Increased in insurance premiums
 Fines & penalties
 Enforcement actions
 Reputation lost

16. a. Give the meaning of the term ‘permit – to – work’

Ans: A permit to work is a formal written document used to control known

workplace hazards.

b. Identify Three types of work that may require a permit – to – work, and
give the reasons why in each case.

Ans: - There are three types of work permit

 Hot work permit: - typically involving welding operation, where there

is risk of sparks may ignite nearby flammable materials.
 Work on electrical systems: - work on electrical equipment, such as a
transformer, will require safe isolation, access and egress.
  Machinery maintenance: - machinery /plant maintenance sometimes
requires workers with different disciplines to work on large complex
plant at same time.

17. a. Explain how accident data can be used to improve health and safety
performance within an organization.
Ans:-
 Accident data can be used for lesson learnt
 To develop the training need analysis.
 It can used for trend analysis
 To develop the standard operating procedure
 To minimize insurance claims
 To reduce Non compliance report.

b. Explain two active (proactive) monitoring methods that can be used when
assessing an organization’s health and safety performance.

Ans:-

 Safety sampling
 Safety inspections
 Safety tours

19. An organization has had an increase in the number of manual handling

accidents and associated ill – health. Identify sources of information that may
be available to help reduce the risks to the workers.

Ans:-

 International standards
 British legislation
 ILO legislation
 Approved code of practices (ACOP’s)
 Professional bodies
 European standards
 Industry best practices
 Encyclopedia

20. With respect to undertaking general risk assessments on activities within a

workplace:
 a. Outline the key stages of the risk assessment process, identifying the issues
that would need to be considered at each stage.

Ans:

 Look at the hazards e.g. fire electricity

 Decide who can harm e.g. employees, contractor, visitor, supplier etc.
 Evaluate the risk e.g. high, medium, low etc.
 Record the finding e.g. hard copy or soft copy
 Review the finding e.g. when legislation changes, when major accidents
happens

b. Explain the criteria which must be met for the assessment to be ‘suitable
and sufficient’.
c. Outline the factors that the employer should take into account when
selecting individuals to assist in carrying out the required risk assessment.

21. a. Outline why it is important for an organization to set health and safety
targets.

Ans:-
 It shows the management commitment
 It will motivate the staff
 Providing the staff for tangible to aim to be achieved
 For measurement and review of the performance.

b. Identify health and safety targets that an organization could set.

 Ans:- Improved audit scores
 A reduction in the number of civil claims
 An increase in the reporting of near miss incidents or minor accidents
 An increase in the number of employees trained in H&S
 The achievement of a health & safety standard.
 Reduction in compensation claims

22. Identify possible influences on an organization’s health and safety

management standards.

Ans: - There are the two types of influences

Internal influences
 General points
 Management commitment
 Production demands
 Communications
 Competence
 Employee representation
 External influences
 General points
 Societal expectations
 Legislation
 Enforcement
 Insurance companies
 Trade unions
 Stakeholders
 Economics

23. a Identify Four types of emergency that would require an organization to

have an emergency procedure.
Ans:- Fire emergency
Medical
Chemical/gas
Natural emergency

b. Explain why visitors to a workplace should be informed of it’s emergency

procedure.

Ans:-
 They may not be aware of hazardous situation
 In some companies there no induction training has given to visitor
 No PPE provided
 Not aware where is assembly area
 They may be in panic situation in case of emergency

24. a. Outline reasons why an organization should have a system for the internal
reporting of accidents.
Ans:
 For training analysis
 To know about the losses & who has done it
 For Trend analysis
 For compensation claims
 To report to enforcement authority, client, consultants etc

b. Outline reasons why workers might not report accidents at work.

Ans:-
 Fear of losing the job
  Fear of getting disciplinary action
 No safety culture of the company
 Lack of training
 No procedure has been developed
 No enforcement of procedures
 No management commitment

25. Organizations should monitor their health and safety performance.

a. Identify Four active monitoring methods.
Ans:-
 Safety tour
 Safety sampling
 Safety inspection
 Safety audit

b. Identify Four reactive monitoring methods.

Ans:-
 Accident/incident data
 Complaints from the workers
 Absenteeism
 Dangerous occurrences
 Enforcement action

26. a Outline the rights of workers in respect of health and safety at work.

Ans:-
 To induction training
 To get welfare facilities
 To get healthy working environments
 To get PPE
 Good tools & equipments

b. Outline the responsibilities of workers in respective of health and safety at

work.
Ans:-
 To obey the supervisor and foramens instructions
 Take care of himself & his co-worker
 Inform about accidents & incidents
 Not to damage fire equipment & first aid box
 Follow the company polices & procedures
28. a. Give the meaning of the term ‘safe system of work’

Ans:- ‘’ the integration of people, equipment and materials in the correct

environment to produce the safest possible conditions in a specific work area’’

b. Identify the sources of information that could be consulted when

developing a safe system of work.

Ans:-
 British standards
 Encyclopedia
 European legislation
 ILO
 OSHA
 Professional body i.e. IOSH
 Manufacturer’s data
 Approved code of practices (ACOP’s)

c. Identify the information that should be given to workers in a training session on a

safe system of work.

Ans:-
 The task to be done
 Where the task is done
 Current controls
 Adequacy of control
 Policy & standard, rules, procedures, permit to work, emergency
preparedness
 Awareness, knowledge, skill, competency
 About equipment used
 Access/egress
 Materials used
 Environment e.g. temp, light, dust noise)

29. Identify the information that should be included in an accident investigation

report.
Ans:-
 Date of accident
 Time of the accident
 What happened, how it happened, why it happened
 Description of the accident
 Immediate causes, underlying causes & root causes
 Plans, photographs, sketch, witness report
  Manufacturing data
 Training record
 Risk Assessment & method statement
 MSDS
 Inspection reports

30. Identify the Eight possible health and safety hazards relevant to the role of a
long distance delivery driver.

Ans:
 Job
Job factor includes: - The duration of the journey
The demands of the route
Means of communication & security issues.
 The individual
Individual factors includes: - Physical & psychological capabilities of the
driver to cope with the demands of the job.

 The vehicle :- Maintenance & breakdown provision

The design & layout of the cab
 The load:- Nature of the load (Hazardous, heavy etc)
The means of the handling materials
The emergency procedures in place.

31. a. Give reasons why visitors to a workplace might be at greater risk of injury
than workers

Ans:-
 Not aware of the emergency & assembly area
 May be there is no induction training
 Not equipped with PPE
 Get panic at emergency situations

b. Identify the precautions to be taken to reduce the risk of injury to visitors to a

workplace.
Ans:-
 Give induction trainings
 Provide PPE
  Not to allow to enter at hazardous area
 Escort the visitor during visit
 Provide sufficient signage’s at workplace

32 a. Outline the purpose of an organization’s health and safety policy

Ans:-
 In most of the countries there is legal requirements
 It reflect the management commitment
 Give clear aims & objectives of the company
 Consistency in implementing the HSE procedures.

33. Identify reasons for maintaining good standards of health and safety in an
organization.
Ans:-
 Moral :- injury accidents result in a great deal of pain & suffering for those
affected
Low morale of employees
Reputation lost
 Legal :- fine, penalties & imprisonment, enforcement actions
 Financial :- Increased in insurance premiums
Retraining cost, recruitment cost, loss of equipment & materials
Investigation cost etc.

34. Outline, with examples, the general hierarchy that should be applied in order
to control health and safety risks in the workplace.
Ans:-
 Avoiding the risk e.g. avoiding the risk at source
 Elimination/substitution e.g. removal of the hazard in total from the
workplace
 Reduction/time limiting exposure e.g. rotating the workers
 Isolation/segregation e.g. fitting fix guards around dangerous area
 Engineering control e.g. Local exhaust ventilation (LEV)
 Safety system of work
 Information, instruction, training & supervision
 PPE, Welfare facilities etc.

35. a. Identify Four types of health and safety information that could be displayed
on a notice board within a workplace.
Ans:-
 Minutes of meeting (MOM)
  Emergency contact numbers
 Weekly flyers
 HSE awards, HSE accident data
 HSE policy
 HSE compliance issues etc.

b. Identify how the effectiveness of notice boards as a method of communicating

health and safety information can be increased.
Ans:-
 Providing the notices boards at various locations
 Keeping updated information
 Use of colorful pictures & info
 Have dedicated notice board to HSE matter
 Maintained in legible condition
 Various languages should be used to keep workers informed.

36. Contractors are carrying out a major building project for an organization
b. Outline how this organization could reduce the risks to contractors
carrying out the project.
Ans:-
 Providing the information about the company policies, procedures
 Providing the information about the buried services
 Conducting training to contractors
 Conducting safety tours, safety sampling
 Conducting weekly meetings
 Stop work where there is eminent danger
 Monitoring & supervising the contractors
 Frequent inspection of the workplace

37. Give reasons why a verbal instruction may not be clearly understood by the
worker

Ans:-
 Noise in work place
 Complexity of information
 Language problem
  Sensory impairment
 Ambiguity
 Use of technical terminology
 Mental- difficulty in understanding
 Inexperience
 Communication indirect
 inattentation

38. Identify the written information that is likely to be examined during a health
and safety audit.
Ans:-
 HSE policy
 Project HSE procedures
 Accident/incident reports
 Third party certificates
 Training record
 Physical inspection of workplace
 Fire equipments
 Emergency plans
 PPE compliance
 Minutes of meeting records
 Tools & equipment records
 Previous audit reports & Non compliance reports

39. Give reasons why safety committee may be ineffective

Ans:-
 No management commitment
 No clear objectives and functions
 No even balance
 No agenda agreed or recorded
 No effective chair person
 No full participation
 No regular meeting
 No appropriate topics