Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

* 4 8 1 7 9 3 4 4 7 2 *

PHYSICS 0625/32
Paper 3 Extended February/March 2015
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1 kg to be 10 N (i.e. acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

DC (NF/JG) 95528/2
© UCLES 2015 [Turn over
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1 (a) A large stone, initially at rest, falls from the top of a building. The stone takes 3.2 s to fall to the
ground. For this stone, air resistance can be ignored.

(i) Stating the formula that you use, show that the speed of the stone when it hits the ground
is 32 m / s.

[1]

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw the speed-time graph for the fall of the stone. Label with an X the line
on the graph. [1]

40

30
speed
m/s

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(iii) Use the graph in (ii) to determine the height of the building.

height = ........................................................ [2]

(b) A smaller stone than the stone in (a) falls from the same building. This stone is affected by air
resistance.

(i) What happens to the air resistance as the stone falls? Underline your choice of answer.

Air resistance decreases. Air resistance is constant. Air resistance increases. [1]

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw a possible speed-time graph for the fall of this stone. Label with a Y this
line on the graph. [3]
[Total: 8]
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 3

2 The rocket shown in Fig. 2.1 is about to be launched.

rocket

Fig. 2.1

The total mass of the rocket and its full load of fuel is 2.8 × 106 kg. The constant force provided by
the rocket’s motors is 3.2 × 107 N.

(a) Calculate

(i) the total weight of the rocket and the fuel,

weight = ........................................................ [1]

(ii) the resultant force acting on the rocket,

resultant force = ........................................................ [2]

(iii) the vertical acceleration of the rocket immediately after lift-off.

acceleration = ........................................................ [2]

(b) Suggest why the acceleration of the rocket increases as it rises above the Earth’s surface.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 6]
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 4

3 (a) Complete the following statement.

An object is in equilibrium when both the .................................................................. and the

.................................................................. on the object are zero. [2]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a ladder AB. End A of the ladder rests against a vertical wall. End B rests on
rough ground.

A F

ladder

wall
3.2 m

1.2 m
P
B ground

240 N

Fig. 3.1

Fig. 3.1 shows two of the forces acting on the ladder. The only force on the ladder at A is F,
which acts at right-angles to the wall. The weight of the ladder is 240 N acting at the centre of
mass of the ladder.

(i) 1. Calculate the moment of the weight of the ladder about point B.

moment = ........................................................ [1]

2. Write an expression, in terms of F, for the moment of F about point B.

moment = ........................................................ [1]

(ii) Use your answers from (i) to calculate F.

F = ........................................................ [2]
© UCLES 2015 0625/32/F/M/15
 5

(iii) Explain why there must be an upwards force acting on the ladder at B.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

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4 A scientist finds that the temperature of the water at the bottom of waterfalls is greater than the
temperature of the water at the tops of those waterfalls.

(a) (i) State the type of energy that falling water has because of its motion.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) In one waterfall, the water falls 300 m.

Calculate the decrease in the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of 1.0 kg of water as it
falls through this distance.

decrease in g.p.e. = ........................................................ [2]

(iii) Assume that the increase in internal energy of the 1.0 kg of water is equal to its decrease
in g.p.e.

Calculate the rise in temperature of the water. The specific heat capacity of water is
4200 J / (kg °C).

rise in temperature = ........................................................ [2]

(iv) Suggest a reason why the actual increase in temperature of the water is less than the
value calculated in (a)(iii).

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State why the thermometer used to measure the temperature of the water in the scientist’s
experiment required a high sensitivity.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

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 7

5 (a) State the type of electromagnetic radiation

(i) used in luggage security checks at airports,

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) used by remote controls for TV sets.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) (i) The electromagnetic waves used in a microwave oven have a frequency of 2.45 × 109 Hz.
The speed of the waves is 3.00 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of the waves.

wavelength = ........................................................ [2]

(ii) A 150 g block of ice at 0 °C is placed in the oven. The input power of the oven is 1100 W.
The energy absorbed by the block is 65% of the input energy.

Calculate the time taken to melt the ice to water at 0 °C. The specific latent heat of fusion
of ice is 330 J / g.

time = ........................................................ [4]

[Total: 8]

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 8

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a glass block ABCD surrounded by air. A ray of red light, PQ, is incident on face CD
of the block.

A B

D Q C

Fig. 6.1

(a) On Fig. 6.1,

(i) draw the normal at Q and the refracted ray inside the block so that it meets face AB,
(ii) draw the ray emerging from face AB of the block and the normal where the ray emerges,
(iii) between the rays and the normals you have drawn, label two equal angles X.
[3]

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 9

(b) The angle of incidence of another red ray is 65°. The refractive index of the glass of block
ABCD for red light is 1.62.

(i) Calculate the angle of refraction in the glass for this ray.

angle = ........................................................ [2]

(ii) The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the speed of the red light in the glass.

speed = ........................................................ [2]

(c) For the same angle of incidence, the angle of refraction of red light in glass is greater than the
angle of refraction of violet light.

State the term which describes the separation of red and violet refracted rays in glass.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

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 10

7 (a) (i) State what is meant by an electric field.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Fig. 7.1 shows a small, positively charged sphere.

Fig. 7.1

On Fig. 7.1, sketch the pattern of the electric field in the space around the sphere. [2]

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 11

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a metal sphere on an insulating support.

Fig. 7.2

A student has available two rods, one charged positively and one charged negatively. Using
one of these rods, she gives the sphere a uniform negative charge by induction.

State which rod she chooses, and describe the procedure she follows.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

. ..................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 7]

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8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a 12.0 V battery connected to a resistor and a component X in series.

4.0 1
X

12.0 V

Fig. 8.1

(i) Identify the component X.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The p.d. across the 4.0 Ω resistor is 11.3 V.

Calculate

1. the p.d. across component X,

p.d. = ........................................................ [1]

2. the current in the 4.0 Ω resistor.

current = ........................................................ [2]

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(b) The circuit in Fig. 8.1 is now modified as shown in Fig. 8.2.

8.0 1

4.0 1

12.0 V

Fig. 8.2

(i) Calculate

1. the current in the 8.0 Ω resistor,

current = ........................................................ [1]

2. the current in the battery.

current = ........................................................ [1]

(ii) The battery is now reversed.

State the current in the battery.

current = ........................................................ [1]

[Total: 7]

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 14

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a simple electric motor with a single rectangular coil between magnetic poles X
and Y.

coil

X Y

Fig. 9.1

(a) (i) Add labels to the empty boxes to the right of Fig. 9.1, to identify the parts indicated. [2]
(ii) The coil rotates in a clockwise direction when viewed from point P.

State which of the magnetic poles, X or Y, is the N-pole. .............................................. [1]

(b) (i) Suggest two changes that cause the motor to spin faster.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) State the effect on the motor of reversing the connections to the battery.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The battery in Fig. 9.1 is replaced with a resistor. The coil is made to rotate by an external
mechanism.

Explain why there is a current in the resistor.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]

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10 Some older types of oscilloscope contain a cathode-ray tube.

(a) In a cathode-ray tube,

(i) 1. state the purpose of the heater,

...........................................................................................................................................

2. identify the electrode that emits electrons,

...........................................................................................................................................

3. identify the electrode that accelerates electrons.

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Explain why the space inside the tube is a vacuum.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The trace shown in Fig. 10.1 is seen on the screen of the tube.

Fig. 10.1

State

(i) what causes the up and down movement of the electron beam,

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) what causes the horizontal movement of the electron beam,

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) how the peak-to-peak height of the trace on the screen can be reduced.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]
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11 In a famous experiment, a beam consisting of a very large number of α-particles was projected, in
a vacuum, at a very thin gold foil.

Fig. 11.1 shows the paths of three of the α-particles A, B and C travelling towards the foil.

gold foil

Fig. 11.1

α-particle A is travelling along a line which does not pass very close to a gold nucleus.
α-particle B is travelling along a line which passes close to a gold nucleus.
α-particle C is travelling directly towards a gold nucleus.

(a) Explain why an α-particle and a gold nucleus repel each other.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) On Fig. 11.1, draw lines with arrows to show the continuation of the paths of α-particles A, B
and C. [3]

(c) State two conclusions, about gold atoms, which resulted from the experiment.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 6]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/F/M/15

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 7 0 3 2 6 3 3 3 7 5 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

DC (ST/SG) 107601/3
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
 2

1 A driving instructor gives a student a sudden order to stop the car in the shortest possible time.

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph of the motion of the car from the moment the order is given.

30
speed
m/s

20

10

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
time t / s
Fig. 1.1

(a) The order to stop is given at time t = 0 s.

(i) State the speed of the car at t = 0 s.

speed = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) Suggest why the car continues to travel at this speed for 0.9 s.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Calculate

(i) the deceleration of the car between t = 0.9 s and t = 4.0 s,

deceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the total distance travelled by the car from t = 0 s.

distance = ...........................................................[3]

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(c) Describe and explain a danger to a driver of not wearing a safety belt during a sudden stop.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a hammer being used to drive a nail into a piece of wood.

hammer head

nail

wood

Fig. 2.1

The mass of the hammer head is 0.15 kg.

The speed of the hammer head when it hits the nail is 8.0 m / s.
The time for which the hammer head is in contact with the nail is 0.0015 s.

The hammer head stops after hitting the nail.

(a) Calculate the change in momentum of the hammer head.

change in momentum = ...........................................................[2]

(b) State the impulse given to the nail.

impulse = ...........................................................[1]

(c) Calculate the average force between the hammer and the nail.

average force = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 5]

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3 (a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, draw a graph of extension against load for a spring which obeys Hooke’s law.
[1]

extension

0
0 load

Fig. 3.1

(ii) State the word used to describe the energy stored in a spring that has been stretched or
compressed.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 3.2 shows a model train, travelling at speed v, approaching a buffer.

model train
buffer

spring

Fig. 3.2

The train, of mass 2.5 kg, is stopped by compressing a spring in the buffer. After the train has
stopped, the energy stored in the spring is 0.48 J.

Calculate the initial speed v of the train.

v = ...........................................................[4]

[Total: 6]

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 6

4 (a) The source of solar energy is the Sun.

Tick the box next to those resources for which the Sun is also the source of energy.

coal

geothermal

hydroelectric

nuclear

wind [2]

(b) Fig. 4.1 shows a solar water-heating panel on the roof of a house.

copper tubes,
painted black

roof

Fig. 4.1

Cold water flows into the copper tubes, which are heated by solar radiation. Hot water flows
out of the tubes and is stored in a tank.

(i) Explain why the tubes are made of copper and are painted black.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) In 5.0 s, 0.019 kg of water flows through the tubes. The temperature of the water increases
from 20 °C to 72 °C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).

Calculate the thermal energy gained by the water in 5.0 s.

thermal energy = ...........................................................[3]

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 7

(iii) The efficiency of the solar panel is 70%.

Calculate the power of the solar radiation incident on the panel.

power = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

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 8

5 (a) A student carries out an experiment to find the relationship between the pressure p and the
volume V of a fixed mass of gas. The table contains four of her sets of measurements.

p / kPa 250 500 750 1000

V / cm3 30.0 15.2 9.8 7.6

(i) Use the data in the table to suggest the relationship between the pressure and the
volume in this experiment. Explain how you reach your conclusion.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) State the property of the gas, apart from the mass, that remains constant during the
experiment.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) A lake is 5.0 m deep. The density of the water is 1000 kg / m3.

(i) Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the lake due to this depth of water.

pressure = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) A bubble of gas escapes from the mud at the bottom of the lake and rises to the surface.

Place one tick in each row of the table to indicate what happens to the volume, the mass
and the density of the gas in the bubble. Assume that no gas or water vapour enters or
leaves the bubble.

increases stays the same decreases

volume of bubble

mass of gas in bubble

density of gas in bubble

[2]

[Total: 7]

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6 (a) Fig. 6.1 represents the waveform of a sound wave. The wave is travelling at constant speed.

displacement
of particles

distance
along wave

Fig. 6.1

(i) On Fig. 6.1,

1. label with the letter X the marked distance corresponding to the amplitude of the
wave, [1]

2. label with the letter Y the marked distance corresponding to the wavelength of the
wave. [1]

(ii) State what happens to the amplitude and the wavelength of the wave if

1. the loudness of the sound is increased at constant pitch,

amplitude ...................................................................................................................

wavelength .................................................................................................................
[1]

2. the pitch of the sound is increased at constant loudness.

amplitude ...................................................................................................................

wavelength .................................................................................................................
[1]

(b) A ship uses pulses of sound to measure the depth of the sea beneath the ship. A sound pulse
is transmitted into the sea and the echo from the sea-bed is received after 54 ms. The speed
of sound in seawater is 1500 m / s.

Calculate the depth of the sea beneath the ship.

depth = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 7]
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 10

7 (a) Explain what is meant by

(i) total internal reflection,

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) critical angle.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light, travelling in air, incident on a glass prism.

60°

30°

Fig. 7.1

(i) The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s. Its speed in the glass is 2.0 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the refractive index of the glass.

refractive index = ...........................................................[2]

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 11

(ii) Show that the critical angle for the glass-air boundary is 42°.

[1]

(iii) On Fig. 7.1, draw carefully, without calculation, the continuation of the ray through the
prism and into the air. [3]

[Total: 8]

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 12

8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows 3 lamps and a fuse connected to a power supply.

220 V

Fig. 8.1

The e.m.f. of the supply is 220 V. Each lamp is labelled 220 V, 40 W. The rating of the fuse is
2.0 A.

Calculate

(i) the current in each lamp,

current = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the current in the fuse,

current = ...........................................................[1]

(iii) the total number of lamps, all in parallel, that could be connected without blowing the
fuse.

number = ...........................................................[2]

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 13

(b) After a very long period of use, the wire filament of one of the lamps becomes thinner.

(i) Underline the effect of this change on the resistance of the filament.

resistance increases resistance remains the same resistance decreases [1]

(ii) State and explain the effect of this change on the power of the lamp.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8]

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 14

9 (a) (i) State what is meant by the direction of an electric field.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Fig. 9.1 shows a pair of oppositely-charged horizontal metal plates with the top plate
positive.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + +

– – – – – – – – – – – – –

Fig. 9.1

The electric field between the plates in Fig. 9.1 is uniform.

Draw lines on Fig. 9.1 to represent this uniform field. Add arrows to these lines to show
the direction of the field. [3]

(b) Fig. 9.2 shows a very small negatively-charged oil drop in the air between a pair of oppositely
charged horizontal metal plates. The oil drop does not move up or down.

oil drop
–

Fig. 9.2

(i) Suggest, in terms of forces, why the oil drop does not move up or down.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Without losing any of its charge, the oil drop begins to evaporate.

State and explain what happens to the oil drop.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8]

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 15

131
10 (a) An iodine isotope 53 I decays by β-emission to an isotope of xenon (Xe).
131
(i) State the number of each type of particle in a neutral atom of 53 I.

protons ......................... neutrons ......................... electrons ......................... [2]

(ii) State the symbol, in nuclide notation, for the xenon nucleus.

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) The background count rate of radioactivity in a laboratory is 30 counts / min.

A radioactive sample has a half-life of 50 minutes. The sample is placed at a fixed distance
from a detector. The detector measures an initial count rate from the sample, including
background, of 310 counts / min.

On Fig. 10.1, plot suitable points and draw a graph of the count rate from the sample,
corrected for background, as it changes with time.

300

corrected
count rate
counts / min

200

100

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time / min
Fig. 10.1
[3]

[Total: 7]

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 16

11 (a) (i) Fig. 11.1 shows the symbol for a logic gate and its truth table.

input A input B output

A 0 0 0
output 1 0 0
B 0 1 0
1 1 1

Fig. 11.1

State the name of this logic gate. ............................................................[1]

(ii) Complete the truth table for the logic gate shown in Fig. 11.2.

input A input B output

A 0 0
output 1 0
B 0 1
1 1

Fig. 11.2
[2]

(b) Fig. 11.3 shows the system of logic gates used to ensure the security of the strongroom of a
bank.

A
B D

C
E

Fig. 11.3

The strongroom door will only open when the output F is logic 1.

Complete the table to show the logic states at A, B, C, D and E when the strongroom door
can be opened.

input A input B input C output D output E output F

1
[3]

[Total: 6]

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/F/M/16

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 0 3 4 2 0 2 1 6 5 1 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2017
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

DC (LK/FD) 125811/7
© UCLES 2017 [Turn over
 2

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows the axes used to plot distance-time graphs.

distance

0
0 time

Fig. 1.1

On Fig. 1.1, draw graphs for an object that is

(i) moving with constant speed, labelling the graph A,

(ii) moving with decreasing speed, labelling the graph B. [2]

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the axes used to plot speed-time graphs.

speed

0
0 time

Fig. 1.2

On Fig. 1.2, draw graphs for an object that is

(i) moving with constant acceleration, labelling the graph S,

(ii) moving with increasing acceleration, labelling the graph T. [2]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

 3

(c) A plane is at rest on an airport runway. The brakes of the plane are released and the engine
of the plane provides a constant accelerating force.

Using the following data, calculate the take-off speed of the plane. Ignore any resistive forces.

constant forward force = 56 000 N

mass of plane = 16 000 kg
time of travel along runway = 16 s

speed = ...........................................................[4]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over

 4

2 (a) Explain why momentum is a vector quantity.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The crumple zone at the front of a car is designed to collapse during a collision.

concrete wall
crumple
zone

Fig. 2.1

In a laboratory test, a car of mass 1200 kg is driven into a concrete wall, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

A video recording of the test shows that the car is brought to rest in 0.36 s when it collides
with the wall. The speed of the car before the collision is 7.5 m / s.

Calculate

(i) the change of momentum of the car,

change of momentum = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the average force acting on the car.

average force = ...........................................................[2]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

 5

(c) A different car has a mass of 1500 kg. It collides with the same wall and all of the energy
transferred during the collision is absorbed by the crumple zone.

(i) The energy absorbed by the crumple zone is 4.3 × 105 J. Show that the speed of the car
before the collision is 24 m / s.

[2]

(ii) Suggest what would happen to the car if it is travelling faster than 24 m / s when it hits
the wall.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over

 6

3 (a) A stationary object is acted upon by a number of forces.

State the conditions which must be true if the object

(i) does not accelerate,

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) does not rotate.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a boat that has been lifted out of a river. The boat is suspended by two ropes.
It is stationary.

T1 T2

C P

1.20 m 0.40 m
24 kN

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

The weight of the boat, acting at the centre of mass, is 24 kN. The tensions in the ropes are
T1 and T2.

Determine

(i) the moment of the weight of the boat about the point P,

moment = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) the tension T1,

T1 = ...........................................................[3]

(iii) the tension T2.

T2 = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17
 7

4 Fig. 4.1 shows a Galilean thermometer. This thermometer is used to measure the approximate
temperature of the surrounding air.

bulb E, label: 28 °C

glass cylinder bulb D, label: 26 °C

bulb C, label: 24 °C
bulb B, label: 22 °C

water
bulb A, label: 20 °C

Fig. 4.1

The glass cylinder contains water. When the temperature of the water changes, so does its density.

Each bulb has a label printed with a temperature, as shown in Fig. 4.1. The bulbs have different
densities. At 21 °C, only bulb A is at the bottom of the cylinder.

(a) Explain, in terms of density, why bulb A is at the bottom of the cylinder and the other bulbs are
floating.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) The temperature of the surrounding air increases to a temperature above 23 °C.

(i) Suggest one reason why there is a delay before the temperature of the water increases
to 23 °C.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain why, after this delay, bulb B sinks. Assume the bulbs do not expand.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(c) Bulbs A, B and C are now at the bottom of the cylinder. Bulbs D and E are floating.

State the possible temperature range of the water in the cylinder.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over
 8

5 (a) (i) State two ways in which evaporation is different from boiling.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Give one example of a change of state which does not involve boiling or evaporation.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The graph in Fig. 5.1 shows the variation of temperature with time for a substance that is
initially liquid.

temperature

A
B

time

Fig. 5.1

(i) State what is taking place at points A, B and C. You should say what changes of state, if
any, are taking place.

point A ...............................................................................................................................

point B ................................................................................................................................

point C ...............................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Suggest why the graph is steeper at point C than at point A.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

 9

6 Fig. 6.1 shows apparatus that is used to demonstrate some effects of the transfer of energy by
radiation.

glass bulb
painted heater shiny
matt black glass bulb

glass tube glass tube

air air

liquid

Fig. 6.1

The glass bulb painted matt black, the shiny glass bulb and the spaces above the liquid in the tube
all contain air.

The heater glows red when switched on. The heater is the same distance from each bulb.

(a) State the two types of radiation that are emitted by the heater.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(b) Before the heater is switched on, the liquid levels in the glass tube are the same.

State and explain any changes in the liquid levels that take place when the heater is
switched on.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over

 10

7 Fig. 7.1 shows an object and its image formed by a converging lens. One ray from the tip of the
object to the tip of the image is shown.

Fig. 7.1 is drawn full size.

lens

object

image

Fig. 7.1

(a) Place a tick (3) in all boxes that correctly describe the image.

diminished

enlarged

inverted

upright

real

virtual
[2]

(b) On Fig. 7.1, draw a ray, passing through a principal focus of the lens, from the tip of the object
to the tip of the image. Label the principal focus F. [1]

(c) Use the ray you have drawn in (b) to determine the focal length of the lens.

focal length = ...........................................................[1]

(d) Draw another ray, not passing through a principal focus of the lens, that passes from the tip
of the object to the tip of the image. [1]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

 11

8 (a) A transformer consists of two coils of wire wound on a core.

(i) Suggest the material from which the two coils are made. State the reason for using this
material.

material ..............................................................................................................................

reason ................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Suggest the material from which the core is made. State the reason for using this
material.

material ..............................................................................................................................

reason ................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 8.1 represents the system of transmission of electrical energy from a power station to a
home that is a long distance away.

132 kV

transformer X transformer Y

transmission
power cables and
22 kV 240 V
station pylons home

Fig. 8.1

(i) State the difference between transformer X and transformer Y.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain why a very high voltage is used for transmission over large distances.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(iii) Suggest why the voltage for use by a home consumer is 240 V, and not a much higher
value.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over
 12

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a graph of current against potential difference (p.d.) for a filament lamp.

0.80

current / A

0.60

0.40

0.20

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
p.d. / V

Fig. 9.1

(a) State what happens to the resistance of the filament of the lamp as the p.d. changes

(i) from 0 V to 1.0 V,

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) from 1.0 V to 8.0 V.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) At normal brightness, the p.d. across the lamp is 8.0 V.

Calculate, for normal brightness,

(i) the resistance of the lamp,

resistance = ...........................................................[3]

(ii) the power of the lamp.

power = ...........................................................[2]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

 13

(c) Five of these lamps, operating at normal brightness, are connected in parallel to a power
supply.

power supply

Fig. 9.2

Determine

(i) the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the power supply,

e.m.f. = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) the current from the power supply.

current = ...........................................................[1]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over

 14

10 (a) Describe, in terms of particles and the terminals of the battery, the movement of charge in an
electric circuit.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Fig. 10.1 shows a lightning flash between a cloud and the ground beneath.

cloud

lightning flash

ground

Fig. 10.1

The charge built up on the cloud before the lightning flash is 0.60 C. This charge is completely
transferred to the ground by the lightning flash in 5.0 × 10–5 s (0.000050 s).

(i) Calculate the current between the cloud and the ground.

current = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) between the cloud and the ground during the lightning flash is
2.5 × 108 V.

Calculate the energy transferred during the lightning flash.

energy = ...........................................................[2]

(iii) Suggest what happens to the energy calculated in (b)(ii).

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

 15

11 A radioactive source is placed 20 mm from a radiation detector, as shown in Fig. 11.1.

lead
source
narrow beam detector
of radiation

20 mm

Fig. 11.1 (not to scale)

The initial count rate recorded by the detector is 150 counts / s.

A sheet of paper is placed between the source and the detector. The count rate recorded by the
detector falls to 60 counts / s.

With the paper still in place, a magnetic field is set up perpendicular to the direction of the radiation.
The count rate recorded by the detector falls to 20 counts / s.

The count rates have not been corrected for background. The background count is measured as
20 counts / s.

(a) State the evidence that each type of radiation is present in, or absent from, the radiation
emitted by the source.

α-particles .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

β-particles .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

γ-rays ........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[5]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over

 16

(b) Determine how much of the original count rate of 150 counts / s, if any, is due to each type of
radiation.

α-particles ................................................ counts / s

β-particles ................................................ counts / s

γ-rays ................................................ counts / s

[2]

[Total: 7]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

 THE GEEKAY WORLD SCHOOL, RANIPET

Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 9 4 3 9 9 8 5 6 4 0 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2018
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

DC (SC/SW) 149762/5
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
 2

1 (a) Define acceleration.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time axes for the graph of the motion of a car.

30

speed
m/s
20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(i) The car starts from rest.

From time = 0 to time = 15 s, the car has a constant acceleration to a speed of 28 m / s.

From time = 15 s to time = 32 s, the car has a constant speed of 28 m / s.

From time = 32 s, the car has a constant deceleration of 2.0 m / s2 until it comes to rest.

On Fig. 1.1, draw the graph, using the space below for any calculations.

[5]

(ii) From time = 15 s to time = 32 s, the path of the car is part of a circle.

For this motion, state

1. the direction of the resultant force on the car,

...........................................................................................................................................

2. what happens to the velocity of the car.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

 3

2 (a) A force is used to move an object from the Earth’s surface to a greater height.

Explain why the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the object increases.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a train moving up towards the top of a mountain.

Fig. 2.1

The train transports 80 passengers, each of average mass 65 kg, through a vertical height of
1600 m.

Calculate the increase in the total gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the passengers.

increase in g.p.e. = ......................................................... [2]

(c) The engine of the train has a power of 1500 kW. The time taken to reach the top of the
mountain is 30 minutes.

Calculate the efficiency of the engine in raising the 80 passengers 1600 m to the top of the
mountain.

efficiency = ......................................................... [4]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

 4

3 (a) Complete the statement by writing in the blank spaces.

The moment of a force about a pivot is equal to ......................................................................

multiplied by .......................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a horizontal rod of length 2.4 m and weight 160 N. The weight of the rod acts
at its centre. The rod is suspended by two vertical ropes X and Y. The tension in each rope is
80 N.

80 N 80 N
2.4 m
rope X rope Y

rod
160 N

Fig. 3.1

(i) State the name given to the point at which the weight of the rod acts.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the mass of the rod.

mass = ......................................................... [1]

(iii) The rod is in equilibrium.

Using data from Fig. 3.1, explain why.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

 5

4 Fig. 4.1 shows a cold plastic spoon that has just been placed in hot liquid in a cup.

plastic spoon

hot liquid

Fig. 4.1

(a) Describe, in terms of molecules, why the temperature of the whole of the spoon increases.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) The plastic spoon is replaced by a metal spoon.

Describe an additional process by which the temperature of the whole of this spoon increases.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) The cup contains 150 g of liquid of specific heat capacity 4.2 J / (g °C). When the cold spoon is
placed into the hot liquid, the temperature of the liquid decreases from 80 °C to 56 °C.

Calculate the loss of thermal energy from the liquid.

energy loss = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

 6

5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows the apparatus used to observe the motion of smoke particles that are in the air
in a box.

eye

microscope

air molecules
light and
smoke particles

Fig. 5.1

Light from a lamp enters the box through a window in one side of the box. The smoke particles
are observed using a microscope fixed above a window in the top of the box.

(i) The motion of a single smoke particle is observed through the microscope.

In the circle shown, sketch the path of this smoke particle.

[1]

(ii) Explain why the smoke particle follows the path that is observed.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

 7

(b) A tennis player is practising by hitting a ball many times against a wall.

The ball hits the wall 20 times in 60 s. The average change in momentum for each collision
with the wall is 4.2 kg m / s.

Calculate the average force that the ball exerts on the wall.

average force = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

 8

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 represents the electromagnetic spectrum.

visible light

radio waves microwaves A B C D

Fig. 6.1

State the radiation in each of the regions represented by A, B, C and D in Fig. 6.1.

A ................................................................

B ...............................................................

C ...............................................................

D ...............................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

 9

(b) A source emits visible light.

Fig. 6.2 shows a ray of red light from the source incident on the face XY of a glass prism at
point S.

normal

i S

ray of
red light

Y Z

Fig. 6.2

The angle of incidence i of the ray is 35 °. The refractive index of the glass for red light is 1.5.

(i) Calculate the angle of refraction in the glass at S.

angle of refraction = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) On Fig. 6.2, draw the refracted ray at face XY and the ray emerging from face XZ of the
prism. Label this ray R. [2]

(iii) A ray of blue light follows the same path as the ray of red light incident on the face XY.

On Fig. 6.2, draw the path of this ray in the prism and emerging from the prism.

Label this ray B. [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

 10

7 (a) The speed of a light wave in air is 3.00 × 108 m / s. The refractive index of water is 1.33.

Calculate the speed of the light wave in water.

speed = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows parallel wavefronts of a light wave in air incident on a boundary with a
transparent plastic.

direction
of light wave

air

transparent
plastic

Fig. 7.1

On Fig. 7.1,

(i) draw the positions of the four refracted wavefronts in the plastic, [3]

(ii) draw an arrow to show the direction of travel of the refracted wave, [1]

(iii) label the angle of refraction r of the light wave. [1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

 11

8 (a) The lamp of a car headlight is rated at 12 V, 50 W.

Calculate the current in the lamp when operating normally.

current = ......................................................... [2]

(b) A car is driven at night.

In a journey, the total charge that passes through the 12 V battery is 270 kC.

(i) Calculate the electrical energy transferred.

energy = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) The fuel used by the car provides 3.6 × 104 J / cm3.

Calculate the volume of fuel used to provide the energy calculated in (b)(i).

volume = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

 12

9 Fig. 9.1 shows current-potential difference graphs for a resistor and for a lamp.

6.0

current / A

4.0 lamp

2.0
resistor

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
potential difference / V

Fig. 9.1

(a) (i) The potential difference (p.d.) applied to the resistor is increased. Tick the box that
indicates the effect on the resistance of the resistor.

resistance increases

resistance is constant

resistance decreases
[1]

(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) applied to the lamp is increased. Tick the box that indicates
the effect on the resistance of the lamp.

resistance increases

resistance is constant

resistance decreases
[1]

(b) The p.d. across the lamp is 6.0 V. Calculate the resistance of the lamp.

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

 13

(c) The lamp and the resistor are connected in parallel to a 6.0 V supply.

Calculate the current from the supply.

current = ......................................................... [2]

(d) The lamp and the resistor are connected in series to another power supply. The current in
the circuit is 4.0 A.

Calculate the total p.d. across the lamp and the resistor.

p.d. = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

 14

10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows a straight wire AB placed in the magnetic field between the poles of a magnet.
The ends of AB are connected to a galvanometer.

N S

Fig. 10.1

When AB is moved vertically, the needle of the galvanometer shows a deflection.

State three factors that affect the size of the deflection.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ...............................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a transformer.

240 V P S 12 V

Fig. 10.2

(i) The primary coil P has 8000 turns and an input of 240 V. The secondary coil S has an
output of 12 V.

Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.

number = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18
 15

(ii) A circuit containing a resistor is connected to the terminals A and B.

A direct current (d.c.) is required in this resistor.

On Fig. 10.2, draw this circuit. [1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

 16

11 (a) To ensure the safety of workers in laboratories where radioactive sources are used, describe
how radioactive materials

(i) should be stored,

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) should be handled.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Complete the table below for three types of emission from radioactive sources.

type of emission nature range in air absorbed by

electromagnetic radiation several km

helium nucleus 0.2 mm paper

electron

[3]

(c) State the type of radiation emitted when

an americium nucleus ( Am) decays into a neptunium nucleus ( Np),

241 237
(i) 95 93

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

a phosphorus nucleus ( 15 P) decays into a silicon nucleus ( 16 Si).

32 32
(ii)

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

 THE GEEEKAY WORLD SCHOOL

Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 6 0 9 2 5 3 1 2 4 0 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2019
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

DC (ST/CT) 167383/5
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
 2

1 (a) Define acceleration.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the distance-time graph for the journey of a cyclist.

350

300
distance / m
250

200

150

100

50

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(i) Describe the motion of the cyclist in the time between:

1. time = 0 and time = 15 s

...........................................................................................................................................

2. time = 15 s and time = 30 s

...........................................................................................................................................

3. time = 30 s and time = 40 s.

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Calculate, for the 40 s journey:

1. the average speed

average speed = ......................................................... [2]

2. the maximum speed.

maximum speed = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19
 3

2 (a) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using a wind turbine as a source of electrical
energy.

advantage .................................................................................................................................

disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a wind turbine.

wind speed
16 m / s

area swept out by

the turbine blades

Fig. 2.1

(i) The wind blows at a speed of 16 m / s towards the turbine blades. In one second, a
volume of 24 000 m3 of air passes through the circular area swept out by the blades. The
density of air is 1.3 kg / m3.

Calculate:

1. the mass of air that passes through the circular area swept out by the blades in 1.0 s

mass = ......................................................... [2]

2. the kinetic energy of the mass of air that passes through the area swept out by the
blades.

kinetic energy = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) Suggest why some of the kinetic energy of the air that passes through the circular area
swept out by the blades is not converted into electrical energy.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
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 4

3 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed.

State three ways in which a force may change the motion of the object.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows an object suspended from two ropes. The weight of the object is 360 N. The
magnitude of the tension in each rope is T.

T T

45° 45°

object

360 N

Fig. 3.1

In the space below, determine the tension T by drawing a vector diagram of the forces acting
on the object.

State the scale you have used.

scale ...............................................................

T = ...............................................................
[5]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19
 5

4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a mercury barometer. The tube containing the mercury is vertical.

mercury

Fig. 4.1

(i) The height h indicates a value of the atmospheric pressure.

State what is contained in the space labelled S.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) On a particular day the atmospheric pressure is 1.02 × 105 Pa. The density of mercury
is 13 600 kg / m3.

Calculate the value of h indicated by the barometer.

h = ......................................................... [2]

(iii) The tube containing mercury is now tilted so that it makes an angle of 10° with the
vertical. After tilting, there continues to be a space above the mercury in the tube.

State and explain whether the vertical height of mercury in the tube is smaller, the same,
or greater than the value calculated in (a)(ii).

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Another mercury barometer in the same room at the same time shows a lower value of h than
the barometer in (a).

Suggest and explain a reason for the lower value.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19 [Turn over
 6

5 (a) State the values of the fixed points of a temperature scale.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) (i) The graduations on a liquid-in-glass thermometer are equally spaced.

For the equal spacing of the graduations to be correct, state:

1. an assumption that is made about the liquid in the thermometer

...........................................................................................................................................

2. an assumption that is made about the structure of the thermometer.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Liquid-in-glass thermometer A has a greater range than liquid-in-glass thermometer B.

State one way the design of thermometer A is different from thermometer B.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Liquid-in-glass thermometer C has a greater sensitivity than liquid-in-glass thermometer D.

State one way the design of thermometer C is different from thermometer D.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

 7

(c) (i) In the space provided, draw a labelled diagram of a thermocouple thermometer.

[3]

(ii) Suggest when a thermocouple thermometer is more suitable than a liquid-in-glass

thermometer.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

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 8

6 An electrical heater is placed on the floor of a room in a house. The heater is switched on.

(a) State the main process by which thermal energy is transferred to the air in all parts of the
room.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The heater has a power of 1.5 kW. The air in the room has a mass of 65 kg. The specific heat
capacity of air is 720 J / (kg °C).

(i) Calculate the time it takes for this heater to raise the temperature of the air in the room
from 8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.

time = ......................................................... [4]

(ii) State two reasons why the time calculated in (b)(i) is smaller than the actual time taken
to raise the temperature of the air in the room from 8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

 9

7 (a) In Fig. 7.1, the small circles represent molecules. The arrows refer to the change of state
from the arrangement of molecules on the left to the arrangement of molecules on the right.

Fig. 7.1

Complete the following by writing solid, liquid or gas in each of the blank spaces.

1. Change of state X is from ............................................ to ............................................ .

2. Change of state Y is from ............................................ to ............................................ .

[2]

(b) Explain, in terms of the forces between their molecules, why gases expand more than solids
when they undergo the same rise in temperature.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) A cylinder of volume 0.012 m3 contains a compressed gas at a pressure of 1.8 × 106 Pa.
A valve is opened and all the compressed gas escapes from the cylinder into the atmosphere.

The temperature of the gas does not change.

Calculate the volume that the escaped gas occupies at the atmospheric pressure
of 1.0 × 105 Pa.

volume = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]
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 10

8 Fig. 8.1 shows parallel wavefronts of a light wave in ice. The wavefronts are incident on a boundary
with air.

direction
of wave

ice

air

Fig. 8.1

The speed of the light wave in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s. The refractive index of the ice is 1.3.

(a) On Fig. 8.1:

(i) draw the wavefronts of the wave that passes into the air [3]

(ii) draw arrows to show the direction of travel of the refracted wave [1]

(iii) label the angle of incidence i and the angle of refraction r. [1]

(b) Calculate the speed of the light wave in the ice.

speed = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

 11

BLANK PAGE

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 12

9 Fig. 9.1 shows current-potential difference (p.d.) graphs for a resistor and for a thermistor.

6.0

current / A

4.0
resistor

2.0 thermistor

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
p.d. / V

Fig. 9.1

(a) Calculate the resistance of the thermistor when the p.d. across it is 7.0 V.

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(b) In Table 9.1, tick the boxes that indicate the effect on the resistances of the resistor and of the
thermistor when the p.d. across them is increased from 0 to 7.0 V.

Table 9.1

component resistance increases resistance is constant resistance decreases

resistor
thermistor
[2]

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 13

(c) The thermistor and the resistor are connected in parallel to a 7.0 V supply.

Calculate:

(i) the current from the supply

current = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the energy transferred from the supply in 5.0 minutes.

energy = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19 [Turn over

 14

10 (a) The electrical energy produced by a power station is transmitted over long distances at a very
high voltage.

Explain why a very high voltage is used.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Fig. 10.1 represents a transformer.

core

4000
120 V P turns S 9.0 V

Fig. 10.1

(i) The primary coil P has 4000 turns and an input of 120 V. The secondary coil S has an
output of 9.0 V.

Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.

number = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) State a suitable material for the core of the transformer.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

 15

11 (a) (i) One isotope of iridium-194 is represented by

194
Ir
77
This isotope decays by β-emission to a stable isotope of platinum (Pt).

Complete the nuclide equation for this decay.

194 ...... ......

Ir Pt + β
77 ...... ...... [3]

(ii) The half-life of iridium-194 is 19 hours. A sample of iridium-194 has an initial count-rate
of 1100 counts / min.

Calculate the count-rate from this sample after 38 hours.

count-rate = ......................................................... [2]

(b) State two ways in which γ-emission differs from β-emission.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

 16

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

 THE GEEKAY WORLD SCHOOL

Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 8 9 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 0 *

PHYSICS 0625/31
Paper 3 Extended May/June 2015
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1 kg to be 10 N (i.e. acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

DC (NF/JG) 94500/2
© UCLES 2015 [Turn over
 2

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15

 3

1 (a) Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 show speed-time graphs for two objects, each moving in a straight line.

speed speed

0 0
0 time 0 time

Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2

(i) Describe the motion of the object shown by the graph in Fig. 1.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe the motion of the object shown by the graph in Fig. 1.2.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) On a day with no wind, a large object is dropped from a tall building. The object experiences
air resistance during its fall to the ground.

State and explain, in terms of the forces acting, how the acceleration of the object varies
during its fall.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15 [Turn over

 4

2 A large stone block is to be part of a harbour wall. The block is supported beneath the surface of
the sea by a cable from a crane. Fig. 2.1 shows the block with its top face a distance h beneath the
surface of the sea.

cable
surface of sea
h

block

Fig. 2.1

The force acting downwards on the top face of the block, due to the atmosphere and the depth h
of water, is 3.5 × 104 N.

(a) The top face of the block has an area of 0.25 m2.

(i) Calculate the pressure on the top face of the block.

pressure = ................................................ [2]

(ii) The atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa.

Calculate the pressure on the top face of the block due to the depth h of water.

pressure = ................................................ [1]

(iii) The density of sea water is 1020 kg / m3.

Calculate the depth h.

h = ................................................ [2]

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15

 5

(b) Suggest two reasons why the tension force in the cable is not 3.5 × 104 N.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The block is lowered so that it rests on the sea-bed.

State what happens to the tension force in the cable.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

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 6

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an early water-powered device used to raise a heavy load. The heavy load rests on
piston B.

cylinder A cylinder B

water load

piston A piston B

connecting rod connecting rod

pivot beam

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

Initially, a large weight of water in cylinder A pushes piston A down. This causes the left-hand end
of the beam to move down and the right-hand end of the beam to move up. Piston B rises, lifting
the heavy load.

(a) The weight of water in cylinder A is 80 kN.

Calculate the mass of water in cylinder A.

mass = ................................................ [2]

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15

 7

(b) The density of water is 1000 kg / m3.

Calculate the volume of water in cylinder A.

volume = ................................................ [2]

(c) Piston A moves down a distance of 4.0 m.

Calculate the gravitational potential energy lost by the water.

loss of gravitational potential energy = ................................................ [2]

(d) The heavy load lifted by piston B gains 96 kJ of gravitational potential energy.

Calculate the efficiency of the device.

efficiency = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 8]

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 8

4 (a) (i) State two ways in which the molecular structure of a liquid is different from the molecular
structure of a solid.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Explain, in terms of energy, the process which takes place as a solid at its melting point
changes into a liquid at the same temperature.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) During a severe snowstorm, a layer of snow (ice crystals) forms on the body of an animal in a
field. The snow and the surrounding air are at 0 °C. The snow begins to melt.

(i) The mass of snow that falls on the animal is 1.65 kg. The specific latent heat of fusion of
snow is 330 000 J / kg.

Calculate the thermal energy needed to melt this snow.

thermal energy = ............................................... [2]

(ii) The animal derives energy from its food to maintain its body temperature.

State the energy change that takes place.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15

 9

5 (a) State what is meant by the specific heat capacity of a substance.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) A student carries out an experiment to find the specific heat capacity of aluminium. He uses
an electric heater and a thermometer, inserted into separate holes in an aluminium block.

The following data are obtained.

mass of aluminium block = 2.0 kg

power of heating element = 420 W
time of heating = 95 s
initial temperature of block = 19.5 °C
final temperature of block = 40.5 °C

Calculate the value of the specific heat capacity of aluminium given by this experiment.

specific heat capacity = ............................................... [4]

(c) In the experiment in (b), no attempt is made to prevent loss of thermal energy from the
surfaces of the block.

Suggest two actions the student could take to reduce the loss of thermal energy from the
surfaces of the block.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

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 10

6 A water wave in a tank travels from a region where the speed of the wave is faster into a region
where it is slower.

Fig. 6.1 is a one-quarter scale diagram that shows the wavefronts in the region where the speed is
faster.

faster region

wavefronts

tank

slower region

Fig. 6.1 (scale: 1.0 cm represents 4.0 cm)

(a) (i) Take measurements from the scale diagram in Fig. 6.1 to determine the wavelength of
the water wave as it travels in the faster region.

wavelength = ................................................ [2]

(ii) The speed of the wave in the faster region is 0.39 m / s.

Calculate the frequency of the wave.

frequency = ................................................ [2]

(b) On Fig. 6.1, draw lines that indicate the positions of the wavefronts of the water wave in the
slower region. [2]

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15

 11

(c) State what happens to the frequency of the water wave as it passes into the slower region.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

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 12

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15

 13

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 represents an object O placed in front of a converging lens.

O
P Q R S

Fig. 7.1

(i) State a full description of the image I.

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Using the letters on Fig. 7.1, identify the focal length of the lens.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) On Fig. 7.1, draw an eye suitably placed to view the image I. [1]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows an object O placed to the left of a converging lens. A principal focus of the lens
is at the position marked F.

Fig. 7.2

(i) On Fig. 7.2, draw two rays to locate the image of object O. Draw the image.
(ii) On Fig. 7.2, draw one other ray from the upper tip of O to the image.
[4]

[Total: 8]

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 14

8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a bar magnet suspended by a spring over a coil. The coil is connected to a
sensitive centre-zero millivoltmeter.

spring

magnet

sensitive
coil centre-zero
millivoltmeter

Fig. 8.1

(i) The lower end of the magnet is pushed down into the upper end of the coil and
held at rest.

During the movement, an e.m.f. is induced in the coil. The meter shows a deflection to
the right and then returns to zero.

Explain why this e.m.f. is induced.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State what happens to the needle of the meter when

1. the magnet is released from rest and is pulled up by the spring,

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

2. the magnet continues to oscillate up and down, moving in and out of the coil with
each oscillation.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15

 15

(b) Fig. 8.2 shows a transformer.

240 V 6.0 V
mains coil P 8000 coil S lamp
turns

Fig. 8.2

The primary coil P, connected to the 240 V mains supply, has 8000 turns. The secondary
coil S supplies 6.0 V to a lamp.

(i) Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.

number of turns = ................................................ [2]

(ii) 1. The current in the primary coil is 0.050 A.

Calculate the power input to the transformer.

power = ................................................ [1]

2. 90% of the power input to the transformer is transferred to the lamp.

Calculate the current in the lamp.

current = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15 [Turn over

 16

9 In Fig. 9.1, a 12 V battery supplies a current I to a circuit. The circuit contains a thermistor and a
1000 Ω resistor in parallel, with a 500 Ω resistor in series.

12 V

500 1

1000 1

Fig. 9.1

(a) At a certain temperature, the thermistor has a resistance of 1000 Ω.

Calculate

(i) the combined resistance of the thermistor and the 1000 Ω resistor,

resistance = ................................................ [2]

(ii) the current I,

current = ................................................ [1]

(iii) the potential difference across the 500 Ω resistor.

potential difference = ................................................ [2]

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15

 17

(b) The temperature of the thermistor is increased so that its resistance decreases.

State the effect of this change in resistance on the current through the 500 Ω resistor. Explain
your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15 [Turn over

 18

10 Fig. 10.1 shows two parallel conducting plates connected to a very high voltage supply.

+ –
+ – conducting plate
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –

voltage
supply

Fig. 10.1

The left-hand plate is positively charged and the right-hand plate is negatively charged.

(a) On Fig. 10.1, draw the electric field pattern produced between the charged plates. Use arrows
to show the direction of the field. [2]

(b) A light, conducting ball is suspended by an insulating string. Fig. 10.2 shows the ball in the
middle of the gap between the plates.

+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –

voltage
supply

Fig. 10.2

On Fig. 10.2, show the distribution of charge on the ball. [2]

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15

 19

(c) The ball is displaced to the left and then oscillates backwards and forwards between the two
plates.

The ball touches a plate once every 0.05 s. Every time it touches a plate, a charge of
2.8 × 10−8 C (0.000 000 028 C) is transferred.

Calculate the average current produced by the repeated transfer of charge.

current = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 6]

Question 11 is on the next page.

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15 [Turn over

 20

11 (a) State the nature of γ-rays.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A beam of α-particles and β-particles passes, in a vacuum, between the poles of a strong
magnet.

Compare the deflections of the paths of the two types of particle.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) A beam of β-particles passes, in a vacuum, through the electric field between a pair of
oppositely charged metal plates.

Describe the path of the particles.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) The nuclear equation shows the decay of an isotope of polonium.

A Po 206 Pb + 42 X
Z 82

(i) State the nature of X.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the values of A and Z.

A = .................... Z = ..................... [1]

[Total: 7]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2015 0625/31/M/J/15

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

PHYSICS 0625/42
*6573684646*

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2016

1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
2
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s ).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 22 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

06_0625_42_2016_1.11
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
 2

1 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed. A force is applied to the object.

State the possible changes in the motion of the object.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows a skier taking part in a speed competition. The winner of the competition has
the highest average speed over the 100 m section shown in Fig. 1.1.

start

skier

100 m

Fig. 1.1

(i) The skier starts from rest and has a constant acceleration. He reaches a speed of
60 m / s in 16 s.

Calculate the skier’s acceleration.

acceleration = ................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 3

(ii) Over the length of the 100 m section, the time recorded is 1.85 s.

Calculate the skier’s average speed over the section.

average speed = ................................................................. [2]

(iii) Suggest why the skier bends his body, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

Explain your answer.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

 4

2 Fig. 2.1 shows two railway trucks on a track.

5.0 m / s

buffer truck B truck A

5000 kg 6000 kg track

Fig. 2.1

Truck A of mass 6000 kg is moving at 5.0 m / s. It is approaching truck B of mass 5000 kg, which is
stationary.

(a) Calculate the momentum of truck A.

momentum = ................................................................. [2]

(b) The trucks collide, their buffers compress and then they bounce off each other, remaining
undamaged.

After the collision, truck B has a momentum of 27 000 kg m / s.

(i) Determine the impulse applied to truck B.

impulse = ................................................................. [2]

(ii) The trucks are in contact for 0.60 s.

Calculate the average force on truck B.

force = ................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 5

(iii) Calculate the final speed of truck A.

speed = ................................................................. [3]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

 6

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a cabin used to transport passengers up a hillside.

NOT TO
SCALE C
drive pulley
connected to
electric motor

pulley 50 m
cable

pulley A B
pulley
cabin
support cabin

Fig. 3.1

The cabin is attached to a cable which moves horizontally from A to B, then up the hill from B to C.

(a) There is an electrical input of energy to the motor which moves the cable.

Place two ticks against types of energy that increase as the cabin moves horizontally at
constant speed from A to B.

kinetic energy of the cabin

gravitational potential energy of the cabin

gravitational potential energy of the cable

internal energy of the surroundings

internal energy of the wires of the motor

[2]

(b) The cabin and passengers have a total mass of 800 kg. The vertical distance between
B and C is 50 m.

Calculate the increase of gravitational potential energy of the cabin and passengers when they
move from B to C.

energy = ................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 7

(c) The cabin then descends back from C to B.

The weight of the cabin pulls the cable, which rotates the motor. The electric motor acts as a
generator when rotated in this way.

Explain the environmental and economic benefits of this arrangement.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

 8

4 An archaeologist is investigating a shipwreck and discovers a wooden box on the seabed.

surface of sea

NOT TO
SCALE
15 m

lid

wooden box
0.80 m
1.2 m

Fig. 4.1

The dimensions of the lid of the box are 1.2 m by 0.80 m and the pressure of the atmosphere
5
is 1.0 × 10 Pa. The lid is 15 m below the surface of the sea.
3
(a) The density of sea-water is 1020 kg / m .

Calculate

(i) the pressure on the lid of the box due to the sea-water,

pressure = ................................................................. [2]

(ii) the total pressure on the lid,

pressure = ................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 9

(iii) the downward force that the total pressure produces on the lid.

force = ................................................................. [2]

(b) The force needed to open the lid is not equal to the value calculated in (a)(iii).

Suggest two reasons for this.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

 10

5 Two pans containing water are placed on the hotplates of an electric cooker, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

large pan
small pan

hotplates

Fig. 5.1

The hotplates are switched on and the temperature of the water in the pans starts to increase.

When the temperature of the water is below 100 °C, some water is evaporating. At 100 °C, the
water starts to boil and its temperature remains constant.

(a) State and explain which pan has the greater rate of evaporation of water when both pans of
water are at the same temperature.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Apart from the temperature at which it occurs, state how boiling differs from evaporation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) When the water is boiling, thermal energy is being supplied to the water at a rate of 920 W.

(i) Explain the effect on the molecules of the thermal energy supplied.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 11

6
(ii) The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.3 × 10 J / kg.

Calculate the mass of water that boils away in 5.0 minutes.

mass = ................................................................. [3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

 12

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a protractor superimposed on the path of a ray of light. The light is travelling in
glass towards the boundary with air.

air

180 170 1
170 180

0
10 0
glass

10
20

60
160

20
15
3 0
0

0
30
15

14
40

0
0 13

40
4
1 50 01
0 60 20 50
0 13 110
80 7 20 00 1 60
1 90 70
10
100 1 80

incident ray

Fig. 6.1

(i) Use the protractor to measure the angle of incidence of the ray of light at the boundary
with the air.

angle of incidence = ................................................................. [1]

(ii) The refractive index of the glass is 1.56.

Calculate the angle of refraction in the air.

angle of refraction = ................................................................. [3]

(b) (i) State what is meant by critical angle.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 13

(ii) Calculate the critical angle of light in glass of refractive index 1.56.

critical angle = ................................................................. [2]

(c) Fig. 6.2 shows a water wave crossing a boundary from shallow water to deep water.

new wave
direction

original
wave
direction

deep
water

shallow
water
Fig. 6.2

(i) Name the process that takes place at the boundary between the shallow water and the
deep water.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Tick one box corresponding to the property of the wave that is the same in the shallow
water as in the deep water.

amplitude

frequency

speed

wavelength
[1]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

 14

7 (a) Describe the use of X-rays in a security application. Include a diagram.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 15

(b) Draw a straight line from each wave to the most appropriate speed.

300 m / s
(3 × 102)

radio waves 6000 m / s

in air (6 × 103)

1 000 000 m / s
(1 × 106)
ultrasound
in air
300 000 000 m / s
(3 × 108)

X-rays in 60 000 000 000 m / s

a vacuum (6 × 1010)

1 000 000 000 000 m / s

(1 × 1012)

[3]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

 16

8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a coil wound around a steel bar that is initially unmagnetised.

Any appropriate power supply can be connected between the terminals A and B. No other
apparatus is available.

steel bar

A B

Fig. 8.1

Describe

• how the steel bar can be magnetised,

• how the steel bar can then be demagnetised.

magnetised: ......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

demagnetised: ..................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 17

(b) Fig. 8.2 shows a transformer.

240 V
P S lamp
mains

Fig. 8.2
A 240 V mains supply is connected to the primary coil P. The voltage across the secondary
coil S is 12 V. A lamp, in series with a 3.0 A fuse, is connected to S.

The number of turns in the coils of the transformer is not shown accurately in Fig. 8.2.

Predict, with a suitable calculation, whether the fuse blows when there is a current of 0.20 A
in the primary coil.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

 18

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a conducting ball that oscillates between two charged plates.

clamp
insulating
thread

positive plate
negative plate

ball

+ –

very high sensitive

voltage supply ammeter

Fig. 9.1

The ball repeatedly strikes each plate in turn.

(a) Explain, in terms of the charge on the ball, why the ball moves to the positive plate after striking
the negative plate.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) State which particles move through the sensitive ammeter and the direction in which they
move.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 19

-10
(c) For each complete oscillation of the ball moving between the plates, a charge of 8.5 × 10 C
is transferred from one plate to the other. The frequency of oscillation is 4.0 Hz.

Calculate the current shown on the sensitive ammeter.

current = ................................................................. [3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

 20

10 Fig. 10.1 shows part of the circuit of a hair-dryer with a 240 V a.c. supply.

240 V

A
X
B
C
Y Z

Fig. 10.1

The switch can be in one of three positions:

• position A: off (as shown),

• position B: low heater power,
• position C: high heater power.

All three heaters X, Y and Z each have a power of 1000 W when used in this hair-dryer.

Heaters Y and Z have equal resistances.

Calculate

(a) the resistance of heater X,

resistance = ................................................................. [2]

(b) the resistance of heater Y,

resistance = ................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 21

(c) the current in heater Z when the switch is in position C.

current = ................................................................. [2]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

 22

11 Radon-220 is a radioactive isotope.

(a) The nuclide notation for radon-220 is Rn.

Describe the composition of a neutral atom of radon-220.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) A nucleus of radon-220 decays to an isotope of polonium (Po) by emitting an alpha particle.

Complete the nuclide equation for the decay of radon-220.

220
86Rn
→ ...........
...........
α + ...........
...........
Po
[3]

(c) A detector of radiation is placed near a sample of radon-220 and gives a reading of
720 counts / s. The half-life of radon-220 is 55 s.

Calculate the reading after 220 s. Ignore background radiation.

reading = ................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 23

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 24

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 5 8 6 2 4 4 5 1 4 6 *

PHYSICS 0625/32
Paper 3 Extended October/November 2015
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1 kg to be 10 N (i.e. acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

DC (CW/SW) 96033/2
© UCLES 2015 [Turn over
 2

1 A comet, travelling in space, enters the atmosphere of a planet.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for the comet from time t = 0 s.

40 000

speed
m/s 30 000

20 000

10 000

0
0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) During the period t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s, both the speed of the comet and the velocity of the
comet remain constant.

State what this suggests about the motion of the comet.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Determine the distance travelled during the period t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s.

distance = ...........................................................[2]

(b) Explain what the graph shows about the motion of the comet during the period t = 6.0 s to
t = 10.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15

 3

(c) Determine the acceleration of the comet at t = 11.0 s.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(d) Suggest what happens to the comet at t = 12.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15 [Turn over

 4

2 A student wishes to find the volume of a piece of wood of irregular shape. Her experiment requires
the use of a small brass object of mass 200 g.

(a) Calculate the volume of the brass object. The density of brass is 8.4 g / cm3.

volume = ...........................................................[2]

(b) To find the volume of the piece of wood, the student has a measuring cylinder, a supply of
water and the brass object in (a). The piece of wood and the brass object are small enough to
be placed in the measuring cylinder.

(i) The piece of wood does not sink in water.

Suggest why.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Describe what the student does to find the volume of the piece of wood, stating the
measurements that she makes and any calculations required.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15

 5

3 (a) (i) Define power.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) In the following list, tick the two boxes next to the two quantities needed to calculate the
work done on an object.

mass of the object

force acting on the object

speed of the object

acceleration of the object

distance moved by the object [1]

(b) A lift (elevator) in a high building transports 12 passengers, each of mass 65 kg, through a
vertical height of 150 m in a time of 64 s.

(i) Calculate the power needed to transport the passengers through this height.

power = ...........................................................[4]

(ii) The lift (elevator) is driven by an electric motor.

State a reason, other than friction, why the power supplied by the motor is greater than
the power needed to transport the passengers.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15 [Turn over

 6

4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a top view of a tourist vehicle in a game park and two elephants pushing
against the vehicle. The two forces indicated are at right angles to each other.

vehicle

4.0 kN

6.0 kN

elephant

elephant

Fig. 4.1

In the space below, draw a scale vector diagram to determine the magnitude of the resultant
force. Label the two forces applied and the resultant, and clearly state the scale you use.

magnitude of resultant force = ...........................................................[3]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15

 7

(b) Fig. 4.2 shows another elephant pushing horizontally against a vehicle with a force of 11 kN at
a distance 1.8 m above the ground. Point M is the centre of mass of the vehicle.

elephant
vehicle

11 kN
M
1.8 m

A
1.25 m

Fig. 4.2

(i) Calculate the moment about point A of the force exerted by the elephant.

moment = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) The mass of the vehicle is 1900 kg, and it does not slide when pushed by the elephant.

Determine whether the elephant tips the vehicle over. Show your working.

calculation

conclusion .....................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15 [Turn over

 8

5 (a) X and Y are liquid-in-glass thermometers. The scale of each thermometer starts at 0 °C.

X has a large range, good linearity and high sensitivity.

Y has a small range, poor linearity and low sensitivity.

Explain what is meant by

(i) the difference in their ranges,

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) the difference in their linearities,

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

(iii) the difference in their sensitivities.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) A thermocouple is used to measure the temperature of a small volume of liquid.

(i) Draw and label a sketch of the arrangement.

[3]

(ii) The temperature of the liquid is changing rapidly.

Explain why the thermocouple is able to respond quickly to this rapid change.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15
 9

6 (a) In the space below, draw a simple labelled diagram of the apparatus used to demonstrate
Brownian motion.

[2]

(b) State what is observed.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Explain what is observed in terms of molecules.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15 [Turn over

 10

7 Sound from a loudspeaker is travelling in air towards a solid wall.

Fig. 7.1 shows compressions of the incident sound wave and the direction of travel of the wave.

P 8.5 m Q
wall

direction of
travel

compressions

Fig. 7.1

(a) State what is meant by a compression.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The distance from point P to point Q is 8.5 m. It takes 25 ms for the compression at P to
reach Q.

For this sound wave, determine

(i) the wavelength,

wavelength = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) the frequency.

frequency = ...........................................................[2]

(c) As it strikes the wall, the sound reflects.

Complete Fig. 7.1 to show the positions of three compressions of the reflected sound wave.
[2]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15

 11

(d) The loudspeaker is immersed in water, where it continues to produce sound of the same
frequency.

State and explain how the wavelength of the sound wave in water compares with the
wavelength determined in (b)(i).

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15 [Turn over

 12

8 (a) Fig. 8.1 is a ray diagram of a convex lens being used as a magnifying glass to produce a
virtual image.

Fig. 8.1

On Fig. 8.1,

(i) label the object O,

(ii) label the image I,

(iii) label a principal focus F,

(iv) put arrows on the two rays to indicate their directions.

[4]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15

 13

(b) Fig. 8.2 shows a ray of light in air incident on an interface with glass. The refractive index of
glass is 1.5.

glass
air

incident ray

Fig. 8.2

On Fig. 8.2, accurately draw the ray as it travels in the glass. You will need to take a
measurement from Fig. 8.2 and carry out an appropriate calculation. Show your working.

[3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15 [Turn over

 14

9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows the symbol for a logic gate.

Fig. 9.1

(i) State the name of this gate.

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) On Fig. 9.1, clearly label an input and an output.

[2]

(b) In the space below, draw the symbol for a fuse.

[1]

(c) Fig. 9.2 shows a circuit.

A
6V

Fig. 9.2

Component A is not emitting light. It only emits light when the p.d. across it is greater than 1 V.

(i) A change to the environment around component B causes component A to emit light.

State the environmental change.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15

 15

(ii) Explain your answer to (i).

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(d) The combined resistance of the two resistors shown in Fig. 9.3 is 4.0 Ω.

6.0 1

Fig. 9.3

Calculate the resistance of resistor R.

resistance of R = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15 [Turn over

 16

10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows the gap between the N-pole and the S-pole of a magnet.

N S

Fig. 10.1

The magnetic field in the gap is uniform.

On Fig. 10.1, draw four field lines to show the pattern and direction of the magnetic field in the
gap. [2]

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a horizontal copper wire PQ between two opposite magnetic poles.

N S
A
copper
wire P

Fig. 10.2

A circuit is made by connecting a sensitive digital ammeter between P and Q. The wire PQ is
then moved vertically downwards.

(i) State and explain what is observed on the ammeter.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15

 17

(ii) State what is observed on the ammeter when PQ is moved

1. vertically downwards at a greater speed,

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

2. vertically upwards at the same speed as in 1.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15 [Turn over

 18

11 (a) The counter of a radiation detector placed close to a radioactive source gives a count rate of
1600 counts / s. The half-life of the source is 1 week.

Ignoring background radiation, calculate the count rate

(i) 1 week after the first measurement,

count rate = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) 3 weeks after the first measurement.

count rate = ...........................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 11.1 shows the arrangement for an experiment to investigate the shielding of radioactive
sources.

position of thick card 5 mm steel 20 cm lead

samples

A B C D E

20 cm air

Fig. 11.1 (not to scale)

Samples containing three different radioactive sources are placed, one at a time, in the
position shown.

The table shows the count rates when a radiation detector is placed at the positions A to E.

Complete the table to indicate whether α-particles, β-particles or γ-rays are emitted from each
sample.

A B C D E type of radiation emitted

sample 1 high high high high low
sample 2 high high low 0 0
sample 3 high 0 0 0 0
[3]

(c) State which type of radiation, α, β or γ, is the most strongly ionising.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15
 19

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15

 20

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2015 0625/32/O/N/15

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 1 7 8 5 8 2 3 7 0 6 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page.

DC (NF/AR) 116042/5
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
 2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a student travelling down a hill in an unpowered vehicle.

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2 is part of the speed-time graph for the vehicle travelling down the hill.

8 C

speed
m/s
6

4 B

A
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time / s

Fig. 1.2

(a) (i) State how the graph shows that the acceleration is constant between A and B.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the acceleration between A and B.

acceleration = .......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

 3

(iii) Describe how the acceleration changes between B and C.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Use Fig. 1.2 to obtain an approximate value for the distance travelled by the vehicle in the first
10 s, as shown on the graph.

distance = .......................................................... [4]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16 [Turn over

 4

2 (a) (i) State an expression for the kinetic energy of an object of mass m that is moving with a
speed v.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State and explain whether kinetic energy is a scalar quantity or a vector quantity.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows two fairground “bumper” cars.

stationary moving
empty car car
50 kg 2.5 m / s 200 kg
springs

Fig. 2.1

The car with passengers, of total mass 200 kg, is moving in a straight line. It is travelling at
2.5 m / s when it hits a stationary empty car of mass 50 kg.

After the collision, the empty car moves forwards in the same direction at a speed of 4.0 m / s.

For the car with passengers, determine

(i) its momentum when it is travelling at 2.5 m / s,

momentum = .......................................................... [2]

(ii) the speed and direction of its motion immediately after the collision.

speed = ...............................................................

direction: ...............................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

 5

(iii) Fixed to the front and the back of the cars are large springs.

When the cars collide the springs compress.

The total kinetic energy of the cars after the collision is equal to the total kinetic energy
before the collision.

Describe the energy transfers that occur as the cars collide and then separate.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16 [Turn over

 6

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a mercury barometer correctly set up to measure the atmospheric pressure in
mm Hg (millimetres of mercury).

tube

mercury

dish

Fig. 3.1

(a) (i) State what is in the space labelled P.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) On Fig. 3.1, mark carefully the length which gives the atmospheric pressure. [1]
(iii) The tube containing mercury is pushed further down into the dish.

State what happens, if anything, to the vertical distance between the mercury surface in
the tube and the mercury surface in the dish.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Another barometer is set up incorrectly. The space P contains some air which exerts a
pressure equivalent to 15 mm Hg. The true atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg.

(i) Calculate the reading of atmospheric pressure given by the barometer.

reading = ............................................. mm Hg [1]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

 7

(ii) The tube is now pushed down into the dish so that the volume of the space P is reduced
from 12.0 cm3 to 4.0 cm3.

Calculate the new reading of atmospheric pressure given by the barometer.

reading = ............................................. mm Hg [4]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16 [Turn over

 8

4 A small wind turbine drives a generator to provide electricity for an isolated village.

(a) The decrease in kinetic energy of the wind striking the turbine is 16 200 J every second. The
output of the generator is 23 A at 240 V.

Calculate the efficiency of the turbine and generator.

efficiency = .......................................................... [4]

(b) When electrical energy is not required, the generator charges batteries that then provide
electricity during periods of no wind.

State the term used to describe the energy stored in the batteries.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) The use of wind turbines on a large scale has environmental and economic impacts.

Describe one environmental impact and one economic impact.

environmental ............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

economic ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

 9

5 (a) State a comparison of

(i) the arrangement of the molecules in ice and in liquid water,

ice ......................................................................................................................................

liquid water ........................................................................................................................

[1]

(ii) the movement of the molecules of ice and liquid water.

ice ......................................................................................................................................

liquid water ........................................................................................................................

[1]

(b) The mass of the ice on an ice-hockey rink is 51 000 kg.

(i) The density of ice is 920 kg / m3.

Calculate the volume of ice on the rink.

volume = .......................................................... [2]

(ii) To form the ice, water at 0 °C was poured onto the floor of the rink and then frozen. The
specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.3 × 105 J / kg.

Calculate the quantity of energy removed from the water to form this ice at 0 °C.

energy = .......................................................... [2]

(c) The temperature of the ice is monitored by a thermometer made up of wires of two different
metals connected to a remote voltmeter. The junction of the two wires is embedded in the ice.

State the name of this type of thermometer.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16 [Turn over

 10

6 (a) (i) The pitch of a sound wave increases.

Tick one box to indicate the change that occurs.

amplitude decreases

amplitude increases

frequency decreases

frequency increases
[1]

(ii) The loudness of a sound wave increases.

Tick one box to indicate the change that occurs.

amplitude decreases

amplitude increases

frequency decreases

frequency increases
[1]

(b) Fig. 6.1 shows an astronaut and a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon, where there is no
atmosphere.

Fig. 6.1

A piece of machinery within the spacecraft produces a loud sound of frequency 12 kHz.

Tick the one box that indicates the reason why the astronaut cannot hear this sound.

The material of the space suit is soundproof.

Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.

Sound of frequency 12 kHz cannot travel through the air in the spacesuit.

Sound of frequency 12 kHz cannot be heard by any human ear.

[1]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

 11

(c) Some training for space travel is carried out under water.

(i) State an approximate value for the speed of sound in water.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the wavelength in water of a sound wave of frequency 12 kHz.

wavelength = .......................................................... [2]

(d) Fig. 6.2 shows successive crests of a water wave approaching a narrow gap in a barrier.

direction of travel of wave

gap

barrier barrier

Fig. 6.2

On Fig. 6.2, draw three crests of the wave that have just passed through the gap in the barrier.
[3]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16 [Turn over

 12

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

 13

7 (a) In the space below, draw the circuit symbol for a thermistor.

[1]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows the connections between two logic gates.

A D
B

E
C

Fig. 7.1

Complete the truth table of this combination of logic gates.

inputs intermediate output

point
A B C D E

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1

[3]

(c) In the space below, draw a truth table to show the action of a NOT gate.

[2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16 [Turn over

 14

8 A student draws a diagram to represent the electromagnetic spectrum.

Fig. 8.1 is the student’s diagram.

visible light

gamma-rays X-rays ultrasound infra-red microwaves earthquake

radiation radiation waves

increasing wavelength

Fig. 8.1

The student has made two mistakes.

(a) On Fig. 8.1, cross out what is wrong and correct the diagram. [2]

(b) The speed of light in an optical fibre is 2.0 × 108 m / s.

(i) State the speed of light in a vacuum.

speed of light = .......................................................... [1]

(ii) For light in the material from which the optical fibre is made, calculate

1. the refractive index,

refractive index = .......................................................... [2]

2. the critical angle.

critical angle = .......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

 15

(iii) Fig. 8.2 shows a section of the optical fibre.

ray

optical
fibre

Fig. 8.2

Light is travelling in the optical fibre.

State the full name of the process that takes place each time the light changes direction.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16 [Turn over

 16

9 Fig. 9.1 is a circuit diagram.

60 1

55 1

30 1

Fig. 9.1

The circuit consists of three resistors and three identical 1.5 V cells.

(a) State the total electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the three 1.5 V cells in series.

total e.m.f. = .......................................................... [1]

(b) Calculate

(i) the combined resistance of the resistors in parallel,

resistance = .......................................................... [2]

(ii) the total resistance of the circuit,

resistance = .......................................................... [1]

(iii) the current in the 55 Ω resistor.

current = .......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

 17

(c) The currents in the 30 Ω, the 55 Ω and the 60 Ω resistors are all different.

State the resistance of the resistor in which the current is

(i) the largest,

resistance = .......................................................... [1]

(ii) the smallest.

resistance = .......................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16 [Turn over

 18

10 (a) The size of the charge on an electron is e. Since the charge on an electron is negative, it is
written –e.

Complete the table by writing down the charges, in terms of e, on the particles and radioactive
emissions shown.

particle charge

proton

neutron

α-particle

β-particle

γ-ray

[3]

(b) Fig. 10.1 shows a radioactive source emitting α-particles, β-particles and γ-rays into a vacuum
tube.

N pole of
vacuum
strong magnet

radioactive N
source

S
block of lead
with hole
S pole of
tube
strong magnet

Fig. 10.1

The block of lead ensures that the radiation is in a narrow beam when it passes between the
poles of the magnet.

State the direction of any deflection of

(i) the α-particles,

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

 19

(ii) the β-particles,

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) the γ-rays.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16 [Turn over

 20

11 A radioactive nuclide has a half-life of 4.0 days. A sample contains 9.6 × 108 atoms of the nuclide.

(a) Calculate the number of atoms of the nuclide remaining after 12 days.

number = .......................................................... [2]

(b) The count rate from the sample is measured in a laboratory where the background count rate
is 16 counts / minute.

A detector is placed at a fixed distance from the sample. The initial count rate measured by
the detector is 160 counts / minute.

Calculate the count rate measured by the detector after 12 days.

count rate = .......................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 7 6 6 4 1 9 6 2 9 2 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2017
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

DC (LK/SG) 133347/6
© UCLES 2017 [Turn over
 2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a cylinder made from copper of density 9000 kg / m3.

Fig. 1.1

The volume of the cylinder is 75 cm3.

(a) Calculate the mass of the cylinder.

mass = ...........................................................[2]

(b) The gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.

(i) Calculate the weight of the cylinder.

weight = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) State one way in which weight differs from mass.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17

 3

(c) Fig. 1.2 shows the cylinder immersed in a liquid.

liquid
2.7 cm

cylinder

Fig. 1.2 (not to scale)

The upper face of the cylinder is at a depth of 2.7 cm below the surface of the liquid.

The pressure due to the liquid at the upper face of the cylinder is 560 Pa.

(i) Calculate the density of the liquid.

density = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Explain why the cylinder does not float in this liquid.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

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 4

2 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed. A resultant force begins to act upon
the object.

State the ways in which the force may change the motion of the object.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) State one other effect a force could have on the object.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) The mass of a car is 1400 kg. The car, initially at rest, is moved along a level road by a
resultant force of 3500 N. The car reaches a speed of 30 m / s.

(i) Calculate the average acceleration of the car.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Calculate the time for which the force is applied.

time = ...........................................................[2]

(iii) State the name of a force which opposes the motion of the car.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17

 5

3 (a) State the name of a fuel that is burnt to produce large amounts of electrical energy.

Describe a process by which electrical energy is obtained from the chemical energy stored in
this fuel.

Name of fuel: ............................................................................................................................

Description of process: .............................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) Explain why the Sun is the source of the energy stored in the fuel in (a).

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Explain whether the process in (a) is renewable.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8]

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 6

4 A beaker contains water at room temperature. Fig. 4.1 shows the beaker placed on a tripod above
a Bunsen burner.

Fig. 4.1

The Bunsen burner is lit and the temperature of the water begins to increase.

(a) The water is evaporating.

(i) Describe one difference between evaporation and boiling.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) State and explain what happens to the rate at which the water evaporates as its
temperature increases.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17

 7

(b) After a few minutes, the water reaches its boiling point temperature. The water continues to
gain energy from the Bunsen burner.

(i) State what happens to the temperature of the water in the beaker.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.3 × 106 J / kg. After the water reaches
its boiling point, it takes 12 minutes for 0.095 kg of water to boil away.

Calculate the average rate at which energy is being supplied to the water by heating.

rate of energy supplied = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17 [Turn over

 8

5 (a) Explain why houses in hot countries are often painted white.
Use ideas about the transfer of thermal energy in your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) As a star approaches the end of its life, the amount of radiation emitted from it per second
changes.

The star cools down.

State any effect on the rate of emission of radiation.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 4]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17

 9

6 Fig. 6.1 represents wavefronts of a water wave on the surface of water approaching a gap in a
barrier.

barrier with gap

direction of travel
of wavefronts

Fig. 6.1

(a) The wavefronts to the right of the barrier spread out as far as the dashed lines in Fig. 6.1.

(i) State the name of the process of spreading out.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Draw four wavefronts to the right of the barrier. [2]

(b) (i) State the effect of increasing the width of the gap in the barrier.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State and explain the effect of decreasing the frequency of the water wave.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17 [Turn over

 10

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 is a diagram of a converging lens used to produce an image of an object. Each point
marked F is a principal focus.

object

F F
image

Fig. 7.1

Write down three terms that describe the image produced.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a plane mirror, a point object O and an observer’s eye.

mirror

O eye

Fig. 7.2

(i) On Fig. 7.2, draw two rays from the object reflected to the observer’s eye. [2]

(ii) On Fig. 7.2, complete your drawing to determine the position of the image of the object O.
Label this image I.
[2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17

 11

8 Fig. 8.1 is a circuit diagram.

24 V

8.0 Ω 4.0 Ω

6.0 Ω

Fig. 8.1

Calculate

(a) the resistance of the circuit,

resistance = ...........................................................[4]

(b) the potential difference (p.d.) across the 8.0 Ω resistor.

p.d. = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17 [Turn over

 12

9 (a) Fig. 9.1 is a circuit diagram.

Fig. 9.1

(i) State the names of circuit components A, B and C.

component A .....................................................................................................................

component B .....................................................................................................................

component C .....................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) The circuit can be used to indicate a change in temperature.

State and explain what would be observed when the temperature changes from hot
to cold.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17

 13

(b) Fig. 9.2 shows a digital circuit.

X
C

Fig. 9.2

Complete column X of the truth table for this circuit. Use the blank column for your working.

A B C X
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

[3]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17 [Turn over

 14

10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows a wire that carries a current into the page.
The circles on Fig. 10.1 show the pattern of the magnetic field around the wire.

Fig. 10.1

(i) On Fig. 10.1, draw an arrow on each circle to show the direction of the magnetic field. [1]

(ii) State why the spacing of the circles increases as the distance from the wire increases.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17

 15

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows an electric door lock.

The slot in the door contains an unmagnetised iron bolt attached to a spring.
The slot in the door frame is empty. This slot is surrounded by the coils of a solenoid.

In Fig. 10.2 the door is unlocked. The spring is not stretched.

door door frame

spring solenoid

unmagnetised
iron bolt

Fig. 10.2

In Fig. 10.3 the door is locked. The spring is now stretched.

Fig. 10.3

The bolt is initially in the position shown in Fig. 10.2.

Describe and explain what happens when

(i) the switch S is closed,

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

(ii) the switch S is reopened.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17 [Turn over
 16

11 The radioactive isotope bismuth-210 (210

83 Bi) decays by β-particle emission to an isotope of
polonium (Po).

(a) Complete the nuclide equation that represents this decay.

210 Bi ..... .....
83 ..... Po + ..... β
[3]

(b) A radiation detector is placed on a bench in a laboratory where there are no artificial sources
of radiation. The detector is switched on.

In seven one-minute periods, the detector displays these readings.

24 22 25 25 21 20 24

(i) Explain why, in the absence of any artificial source, there are readings on the detector.
Suggest one origin of this effect.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Explain why the readings obtained are not all the same.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) The half-life of bismuth-210 is 5.0 days.

A sample of bismuth-210 is brought close to the detector and in one minute, the reading
displayed is 487. The equipment is left in the same place for exactly 10 days.

Predict the reading in a one-minute period at the end of this time.

reading = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 9]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 0 9 3 9 7 7 2 1 6 1 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2018
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

DC (CE/SW) 150768/5
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
 2

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows the axes of a distance-time graph for an object moving in a straight line.

80
distance / m
60

40

20

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(i) 1. On Fig. 1.1, draw between time = 0 and time = 10 s, the graph for an object moving
with a constant speed of 5.0 m / s. Start your graph at distance = 0 m.

2. State the property of the graph that represents speed.

....................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Between time = 10 s and time = 20 s the object accelerates. The speed at time = 20 s is
9.0 m / s.

Calculate the average acceleration between time = 10 s and time = 20 s.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

 3

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the axes of a speed-time graph for a different object.

50
speed
m/s
40

30

20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
time / s

Fig. 1.2

(i) The object has an initial speed of 50 m / s and decelerates uniformly at 0.35 m / s2 for
100 s.

On Fig. 1.2, draw the graph to represent the motion of the object. [2]

(ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the object from time = 0 to time = 100 s.

distance = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18 [Turn over

 4

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a hollow metal cylinder containing air, floating in the sea.

surface
of sea air

1.8 m
1.2 m

seawater

bottom

Fig. 2.1

(a) The density of the metal used to make the cylinder is greater than the density of seawater.

Explain why the cylinder floats.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The cylinder has a length of 1.8 m. It floats with 1.2 m submerged in the sea. The bottom of
the cylinder has an area of cross-section of 0.80 m2.

The density of seawater is 1020 kg / m3. Calculate the force exerted on the bottom of the
cylinder due to the depth of the seawater.

force = ...........................................................[4]

(c) Deduce the weight of the cylinder. Explain your answer.

weight = ...............................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18
 5

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an aircraft on the deck of an aircraft carrier.

Fig. 3.1

The aircraft accelerates from rest along the deck. At take-off, the aircraft has a speed of 75 m / s.
The mass of the aircraft is 9500 kg.

(a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the aircraft at take-off.

kinetic energy = ...........................................................[3]

(b) On an aircraft carrier, a catapult provides an accelerating force on the aircraft. The catapult
provides a constant force for a distance of 150 m along the deck.

Calculate the resultant force on the aircraft as it accelerates. Assume that all of the kinetic
energy at take-off is from the work done on the aircraft by the catapult.

force = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 5]

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 6

4 (a) Fig. 4.1 represents an atom.

Fig. 4.1

Representing atoms by circles approximately the same size as in Fig. 4.1, sketch

(i) on Fig. 4.2, the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline solid, [1]

(ii) on Fig. 4.3, the arrangement of atoms in a gas. [1]

solid gas

Fig. 4.2 Fig. 4.3

(b) (i) Describe the motion of the atoms in a solid.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) A sculptor makes a statue from a block of crystalline rock using a cutting tool. Explain
why he must apply a large force to the tool to remove a small piece of rock.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) A helium-filled balloon in the room of a house suddenly bursts.

State and explain, in terms of atoms, what happens to the helium from the balloon after the
balloon has burst.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

 7

5 A student wants to investigate good and bad absorbers of thermal radiation. She has the apparatus
shown in Fig. 5.1, a supply of cold water and a metre rule.

small polished small 2 thermometers electric heater

can black-painted
can

Fig. 5.1

Explain how the student could use the apparatus she has available to carry out her investigation.
Describe the results she would expect to obtain. Draw a diagram of the set-up.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[4]

[Total: 4]

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 8

6 (a) Circle two of the following that apply to an ultrasound wave travelling in air.

frequency 3.5 Hz frequency 350 Hz frequency 35 000 Hz longitudinal

transverse speed 1.5 m / s speed 1.5 × 103 m / s speed 1.5 × 106 m / s

[2]

(b) Calculate the wavelength in a vacuum of X-rays of frequency 1.3 × 1017 Hz.

wavelength = ...........................................................[3]

(c) A dentist takes an X-ray photograph of a patient’s teeth. Explain why it is safe for the patient
to be close to the source of X-rays, but the dentist must stand away from the source.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) State, with a reason, why microwave ovens are designed only to work with the door closed.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

 9

BLANK PAGE

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 10

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light in water that is incident on a submerged, transparent plastic
block.

water

plastic

Fig. 7.1

State what happens to the speed of light as it enters the plastic block. Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows the two principal focuses F1 and F2 of a thin converging lens.

F1 F2
O

lens
1.0 cm

1.0 cm

Fig. 7.2

Fig. 7.2 also shows an object O of height 1.2 cm placed close to the lens. Two rays from the
tip of the object O are incident on the lens.

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

 11

(i) On Fig. 7.2, continue the paths of these two rays for a further distance of at least 5 cm.
[2]

(ii) Using your answer to (b)(i), find and mark on Fig. 7.2 the image I of object O and label
this image. [2]

(iii) Determine the height of image I.

height = ...........................................................[1]

(iv) State and explain whether I is a real image or a virtual image.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18 [Turn over

 12

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit that contains a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6.0 V, an ammeter, a
20 Ω resistor and component X.

6.0 V

A X

20 Ω

Fig. 8.1

(a) (i) State the name of component X.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) across the 20 Ω resistor is measured with a voltmeter.

On Fig. 8.1, draw the symbol for this voltmeter connected to the circuit. [1]

(b) The p.d. across the 20 Ω resistor is varied from zero to 6.0 V. For each value of p.d. a
corresponding current is measured.

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 13

On Fig. 8.2, draw a line to indicate how the current measured by the ammeter depends on
the p.d. across the 20 Ω resistor.

0.40

current / A

0.30

0.20

0.10

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
p.d. / V
Fig. 8.2 [3]

(c) A second resistor is connected into the circuit in parallel with the 20 Ω resistor.

(i) State how the combined resistance of the two resistors in parallel compares with the
resistance of each of the resistors on its own.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The p.d. across the two parallel resistors is changed and the current in the battery for
each value of the p.d. is measured. A second line could be drawn on Fig. 8.2 to indicate
how the current measured by the ammeter depends on the p.d. across the two resistors
in parallel.

State how the second line differs from the original line. You are not expected to draw this
second line.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

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 14

9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a coil ABCD with two turns. The coil is in a magnetic field.

B C

N S

A D

Fig. 9.1

When there is a current in the coil, the coil experiences a turning effect.

(i) Explain why there is a turning effect.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The value of the current is 3 A. Place one tick in each column of the table to indicate how
the turning effect changes with the change described.

turning effect number of turns on coil current strength of magnetic

increased to six increased to 9 A field decreased by a
factor of 2
decreased by factor of 4
decreased by factor of 3
decreased by factor of 2
no change
increased by factor of 2
increased by factor of 3
increased by factor of 4
[3]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

 15

(b) Fig. 9.2 shows a magnet held just below a vertical coil connected to a galvanometer.

Fig. 9.2

The magnet is released.

(i) State any effect on the galvanometer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) State any effect on the magnetic field produced by the coil.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8]

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 16

10 (a) An uncharged conducting metal plate rests on insulating supports. Fig. 10.1 shows the plate
and a positively charged insulating plastic sheet placed on top of the metal plate.

plastic sheet

metal plate

insulating support insulating support

Fig. 10.1

(i) Describe any flow of charge that takes place when the plastic sheet is placed onto the
metal plate.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) On Fig. 10.1, draw how charges are now arranged within the metal plate. [1]

(iii) State and explain if this arrangement of charge helps to keep the plastic sheet in place.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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 17

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows two uncharged conducting spheres suspended on insulating threads.

Fig. 10.2

1. The spheres are now both given positive charges. On Fig. 10.2, draw a possible position
of each sphere and thread.

2. Explain the positions you have drawn.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 6]

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 18

11 (a) A radioactive nucleus of uranium-235 decays to a nucleus of thorium and emits an α-particle.
Complete the equation.

235 ....... 4
92 U .......
Th + 2α
[2]

(b) A nucleus of uranium-235 undergoes nuclear fission in a reactor.

(i) State what is meant by nuclear fission.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Suggest why a nuclear reactor is surrounded by thick concrete walls.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) State one environmental advantage and one environmental disadvantage of using a
fission reactor to generate electrical energy in a power station.

advantage .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

disadvantage .....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The thorium produced by the decay in (a) is also radioactive and has a half-life of 26 hours.
At a certain time, a pure sample of this isotope initially contains 4.8 × 109 atoms.

Calculate the number of atoms of this sample that decay in the following 52 hours.

number = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 10]

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© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

 20

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

 Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 3 3 7 6 1 2 0 8 2 8 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2019
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

DC (CE/FC) 169310/4
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
 2

1 A bus is travelling between points A and D. There are bus stops at A, B, C and D but the bus does
not stop at B and C. Fig. 1.1 is a speed-time graph for the bus.

B C
40
speed
km / h 30

20

10
A D
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
time / min

Fig. 1.1

(a) Describe the motion of the bus between each of the bus stops. Select the appropriate
description from the list below.

constant acceleration decreasing acceleration

increasing acceleration moving backwards at constant speed

moving forwards at constant speed stationary

1. between A and B ..............................................................................

2. between B and C ..............................................................................

3. between C and D .............................................................................

[3]

(b) The average speed of the bus between A and D is 23 km / h.

Calculate the distance between A and D.

distance = ........................................................ [3]

(c) The bus stops at D for 1 min and then travels at a constant acceleration for 30 seconds.

On Fig. 1.1, sketch a possible graph for this additional motion. Label X when the bus starts to
accelerate and label Y for 30 seconds later. [3]

[Total: 9]

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 3

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a model fire engine. Its brakes are applied.

model fire engine

containing water tank

jet of water
FIRE

Fig. 2.1

0.80 kg of water is emitted in the jet every 6.0 s at a velocity of 0.72 m / s relative to the model.

(a) Calculate the change in momentum of the water that is ejected in 6.0 s.

momentum = ........................................................ [2]

(b) Calculate the magnitude of the force acting on the model because of the jet of water.

force = ........................................................ [2]

(c) The brakes of the model are released.

State and explain the direction of the acceleration of the model.

Statement .................................................................................................................................

Explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) In (c) the model contains a water tank, which is initially full.

State and explain any change in the magnitude of the initial acceleration if the brakes are first
released when the tank is nearly empty.

Statement .................................................................................................................................

Explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19 [Turn over
 4

3 Fig. 3.1 shows solar cells used to generate electrical energy.

Fig. 3.1

(a) State the main form of energy transferred from the Sun to the solar cells for the generation of
electrical energy.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Consider the generation of electrical energy by a large number of solar cells, as shown in
Fig. 3.1.

(i) State one environmental advantage and one environmental disadvantage.

advantage .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

disadvantage .....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) State and explain whether this source of electrical energy is renewable.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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 5

(c) Each group of solar cells is arranged in a rectangle 1.2 m × 2.8 m. The solar cells are situated
in a region where 260 W of solar energy is received per square metre of the cells. The
electrical output of each group of solar cells is a current of 2.5 A with a potential difference of
86 V.

Calculate the efficiency of the solar cells.

efficiency = .................................................... % [4]

[Total: 8]

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 6

4 (a) State and explain, in terms of molecules, any change in the pressure of a gas when the
volume is reduced at a constant temperature.

Statement .................................................................................................................................

Explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Complete Table 4.1 to give the relative order of magnitude of the expansion of gases, liquids
and solids for the same increase of temperature.

Write one of these words in each blank space:

gas liquid solid

Table 4.1

expands most
expands least
[2]

[Total: 5]

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 7

5 (a) (i) A liquid is heated so that bubbles of its vapour rise to the surface and molecules escape
to the atmosphere.

State the name of this process .................................................................................... [1]

(ii) At a lower temperature than in (a)(i), molecules escape from the surface to the
atmosphere.

State the name of this process .................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Fig. 5.1 shows apparatus used to determine the power output of a heater.

thermometer
electric heater

metal block

Fig. 5.1

The metal block has a mass of 2.7 kg. The metal of the block has a specific heat capacity
of 900 J / (kg °C).

In 2 min 30 s, the temperature of the block increases from 21 °C to 39 °C.

Calculate the power of the heater.

power = ........................................................ [4]

(ii) State and explain a precaution that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the
experiment.

Statement ..........................................................................................................................

Explanation .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

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 8

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a water wave in a ripple tank.

new wave
direction

original
wave
direction

region B

region A

Fig. 6.1

(i) State the name of the process that occurs as the wave moves from region A to region B.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest a cause for the change in direction of the wave.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

 9

(b) Fig. 6.2 shows a transverse wave.

displacement

0
time

Fig. 6.2

On Fig. 6.2, draw a wave which has half the amplitude and a greater frequency than the wave
shown. [2]

(c) A train travels along steel rails. A person waiting at a station hears the sound of the train
through the rails before he hears the sound through the air.

(i) Explain why this happens.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The speed of sound in the rails is 5800 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of sound of frequency 1100 Hz travelling at this speed.

wavelength = ........................................................ [2]

[Total: 7]

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 10

7 (a) In Fig. 7.1, a converging lens projects a sharp image of an object O on to a screen.

Complete the paths of the two rays from the object to the screen.

converging lens
screen

Fig. 7.1 [2]

(b) The converging lens in (a) is replaced with a thinner converging lens. The object O and the
screen remain in the same positions as in (a). The thinner converging lens has a longer focal
length than the converging lens in (a).

Complete the paths of the two rays from the object to the screen in Fig. 7.2.

thinner converging lens

screen

Fig. 7.2 [2]

(c) A converging lens is used as a magnifying glass.

The focal length of the lens is 10 cm.

(i) Describe the position of the object in relation to the lens.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe the position of the image in relation to the lens and the object.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Give three properties of the image formed by a magnifying glass.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19
 11

8 (a) A conducting sphere is mounted on an insulating stand. Explain how you would use a
positively charged rod of insulating material to charge the sphere by induction.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Fig. 8.1 shows an electronic component.

Fig. 8.1

State the name of the component shown in Fig. 8.1 .......................................................... [1]

(c) In the space below, write down the truth table for a NAND gate.

[2]

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 12

(d) Fig. 8.2 shows the connections to two logic gates.

A D
B

E
C

Fig. 8.2

Table 8.1 shows part of the truth table for the arrangement of logic gates in Fig. 8.2.

Complete Table 8.1 for the input values shown.

Table 8.1

intermediate
inputs output
point
A B C D E
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
[3]

[Total: 9]

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 13

9 (a) Describe how to demagnetise a bar magnet using alternating current (a.c.) in a coil.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Fig. 9.1 shows a simple direct current (d.c.) motor.

d.c. power supply

split-ring
commutator

N S

coil

Fig. 9.1

(i) Explain the purpose of the split-ring commutator.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) The voltage of the power supply is increased.

State the effect this has on the motor.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19 [Turn over

 14

10 Fig. 10.1 shows a circuit containing a filament lamp of resistance 0.30 Ω and two resistors, each of
resistance 0.20 Ω.

0.20 Ω
0.20 Ω

0.30 Ω

Fig. 10.1

(a) Calculate the combined resistance of the lamp and the two resistors.

resistance = ........................................................ [3]

(b) The potential difference (p.d.) of the supply is increased so that the current in the lamp
increases.

State and explain any change in the resistance of the lamp.

Statement .................................................................................................................................

Explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

 15

11 (a) A radon-222 nucleus contains 86 protons and 136 neutrons. It decays by emitting an
α-particle and becomes a nucleus of an isotope of polonium. The symbol for radon is Rn and
the symbol for polonium is Po.

Write down the nuclide equation for this decay.

[3]

(b) Carbon-14 is radioactive with a half-life of 5700 years. An animal bone is dug up in an
archaeological excavation. The quantity of carbon-14 in the bone is 25% of what it was when
the bone was buried.

Calculate the time that has elapsed since it was buried.

time = .............................................. years [2]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

 16

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

 Cambridge IGCSE™
* 5 1 2 0 4 7 0 8 0 0 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2020

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
● Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 12 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (ST/CT) 194263/3
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
 2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph of a person on a journey.

On the journey, he walks and then waits for a bus. He then travels by bus. He gets off the bus and
waits for two minutes. He then walks again. His journey takes 74 minutes.

50

speed
km / h
40

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
time / min

Fig. 1.1

(a) For the whole journey calculate:

(i) the distance travelled

distance = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) the average speed.

average speed = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20

 3

(b) State and explain which feature of a speed–time graph shows acceleration.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) State and explain the acceleration of the person at time = 40 minutes.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

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 4

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a train.

Fig. 2.1

The total mass of the train and its passengers is 750 000 kg. The train is travelling at a speed of
84 m / s. The driver applies the brakes and the train takes 80 s to slow down to a speed of 42 m / s.

(a) Calculate the impulse applied to the train as it slows down.

impulse = ......................................................... [3]

(b) Calculate the average resultant force applied to the train as it slows down.

force = ......................................................... [2]

(c) Suggest how the shape of the train helps it to travel at high speeds.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The train took 80 s to reduce its speed from 84 m / s to 42 m / s. Explain why, with the same
braking force, the train takes more than 80 s to reduce its speed from 42 m / s to zero.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) On a wet day, the train travels a greater distance before it stops along the same track. The
train has the same speed of 84 m / s before the brakes are applied.

Suggest a reason for this.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20
 5

3 (a) A solar panel receives energy from the Sun at a rate of 5.0 kW.

Thermal energy is transferred from the solar panel to water with an efficiency of 20%.

Cold water of mass 15 kg enters the solar panel every hour.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).

Calculate the temperature increase of the water.

temperature increase = .....................................................°C [4]

(b) State and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of heating the water in a solar panel
compared with heating the water in a coal-burning boiler.

advantage .................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

disadvantage ............................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 8]

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 6

4 Fig. 4.1 shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer without a temperature scale.

The liquid inside the thermometer has a melting point of –39 °C.

Fig. 4.1

(a) Describe simple experiments to mark the positions of the fixed points on this liquid-in-glass
thermometer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) A scientist is measuring temperatures at the South Pole. These temperatures have a minimum
value of –90 °C.

State why the liquid used in the thermometer in Fig. 4.1 would not be suitable for this scientist.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) State a design change that:

(i) increases the sensitivity of a liquid-in-glass thermometer

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) increases the range of a liquid-in-glass thermometer.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) State the property of the liquid which ensures that the scale on a liquid-in-glass thermometer
is linear.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows crests of a wave approaching a barrier where the wave is reflected.

direction of travel of wave

crest

barrier

Fig. 5.1

(a) On Fig. 5.1, draw three crests of the reflected wave. [3]

(b) The wave has a wavelength of 36 cm and a speed of 1.2 m / s.

Calculate the frequency of the wave.

frequency = ......................................................... [3]

(c) Complete the following sentences.

An echo is the name for a reflected .................................................................. wave.

The waves that form an echo are a type of longitudinal wave. Longitudinal waves are made

up of .................................................................. and rarefactions.

[2]

[Total: 8]

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6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows an arrangement of glass prisms inside a box. The angles of the prisms are
45°, 45° and 90°.

box

prism 1
incident
ray of light

wall prism 2

eye

Fig. 6.1 (not to scale)

This is a device used to view objects that are behind a wall.

The incident ray of light undergoes total internal reflection in the prisms.

On Fig. 6.1, complete the path of the ray through the device and show the ray as it emerges
from the box. [3]

(b) Show that the refractive index of glass with a critical angle of 45° is 1.41.

[2]

[Total: 5]

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7 (a) A student makes a transformer that uses an alternating current (a.c.) supply with an
electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 12.0 V to induce an output potential difference (p.d.) of 2.0 V.

The student is provided with two lengths of insulated wire and the U-shaped piece of iron
shown in Fig. 7.1.

iron

Fig. 7.1

(i) Complete and label Fig. 7.1 to show the transformer connected to the supply and the
output from the transformer. [3]

(ii) Explain the function of the piece of iron in the transformer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) The output of the transformer is connected to a lamp. The current in the lamp is 100 mA.
The transformer is 100% efficient.

Calculate the input current to the transformer.

current = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Another transformer is used in a school laboratory to step down a mains supply with a p.d. of
110 V to 12 V. This transformer is mounted in a metal case.

State and explain an essential safety feature required for this arrangement.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

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8 (a) A light-emitting diode (LED) is a diode that emits light when there is a current in it. Draw a
circuit diagram showing an LED, connected so that it is lit, in series with a battery and a fixed
resistor. Use standard electrical symbols.

[4]

(b) The p.d. across the LED when lit is 3.1 V and the current in the LED is 0.030 A.

Calculate the value of the resistance of the LED when lit.

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(c) Fig. 8.1 shows a power supply of e.m.f. 10.5 V connected in series with a lamp and a heater.
The p.d. across the lamp is 2.1 V and the current in the lamp is 1.5 A.

Fig. 8.1

Calculate:

(i) the resistance of the heater

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the power of the heater.

power = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]
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9 (a) Complete the truth table shown in Table 9.1 for a NAND gate.

Table 9.1

input 1 input 2 output

0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
[1]

(b) The circuit shown in Fig. 9.1 contains two different types of gate, labelled X and Y.

A C
X
B
X E

Y D

Fig. 9.1

Table 9.2 shows a partially completed truth table for this circuit.

Table 9.2

input intermediate point output

A B C D E
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1

(i) From Table 9.2, deduce the name of logic gate Y.

Ring your answer from the list.

AND NAND NOR NOT OR [1]

(ii) Complete the truth table in Table 9.2. [2]

(c) There is a current of 3.0 A in a copper wire. Calculate how many electrons pass through the
copper wire every 60 s. The charge on an electron is 1.6 × 10–19 C.

number of electrons = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]
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10 Fig. 10.1 shows a vacuum tube with a radioactive source. The radioactive source emits α-particles,
β-particles and γ -rays. There is a very strong magnetic field between the N pole and the S pole of
the magnet.
lead cylinder with narrow
vacuum central hole

radioactive source
N

S
α-particles, β-particles and γ-rays
Fig. 10.1

(a) The lead cylinder has a narrow central hole. State and explain the effect of the lead cylinder.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Describe the paths of the α-particles, β-particles and γ -rays as they pass through the magnetic
field. Explain your answers.

(i) α-particles

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) β-particles

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) γ -rays

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
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reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

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Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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