NUTRITION FOR

FOODSERVICE (DTF40153)

CASE STUDY 1

PREPARED FOR :

DR MOHD FADLY BIN LAMRI

PREPARED BY :
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
NUR NADZATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI NOR YAZMI 29DHF21F1024

MUHAMMAD DANIAL IRFAN BIN MOHD 29DHF21F1044

YUSRIZAL
MUHAMMAD NAZIMUDDIN BIN KHALID 29DHF21F1034

INTRODUCTION
 The food pyramid is a visual representation that illustrates the types and proportions of foods
that should be consumed in a balanced diet. It serves as a guide for making healthy food choices and
promoting overall well-being. The pyramid is divided into different sections or levels, with each level
representing a specific food group and the recommended amount to be consumed.

The base of the food pyramid typically consists of foods that should be consumed in larger
quantities, as they provide essential nutrients and form the foundation of a healthy diet. These foods
include whole grains, such as bread, rice, and pasta, as well as cereals and other grain-based products.
These foods are rich in carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and they provide sustained energy
throughout the day. Above the grains, you will typically find the fruits and vegetables section. This
level emphasizes the importance of consuming a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables, which are
packed with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They provide important dietary fiber and
help reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The next level often includes the protein group, which
includes lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, legumes (beans and peas), and nuts. These foods are excellent
sources of protein, which is essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. They
also provide important vitamins and minerals. Next, you may find a section representing the dairy
group, including milk, yogurt, cheese, and other dairy products. These foods are rich in calcium,
which is crucial for healthy bones and teeth. Dairy products also provide protein, vitamins, and
minerals.

Finally, at the top of the pyramid, there may be a small section representing fats, oils, and
sweets. These foods should be consumed sparingly, as they are often high in calories and low in
essential nutrients. It is recommended to choose healthier sources of fats, such as olive oil or
avocados, and limit the intake of sugary foods and beverages. It's important to note that the food
pyramid may vary slightly depending on the country or organization that promotes it. Some variations
may include additional sections or different proportions. However, the general concept remains the
same: to encourage a balanced and varied diet by emphasizing certain food groups while limiting
others. Overall, the food pyramid serves as a useful tool to help individuals make informed choices
about their dietary intake, promoting overall health and well-being through a balanced and nutritious
diet.

The Malaysian Food Pyramid 2010 is divided into four levels, representing different food
groups and their recommended proportions in a healthy diet. Here's a general overview:

Level 1 (Foundation): Carbohydrates

- The largest section of the pyramid, emphasizes the consumption of carbohydrates such as rice,
noodles, bread, and cereals. These should form the main component of each meal.

Level 2: Fruits and Vegetables

- The second level promotes a variety of fruits and vegetables, encouraging the consumption of at
least five servings per day. It includes both local and imported varieties.

Level 3: Protein Sources

- This level emphasizes the intake of protein from various sources, including fish, poultry, lean meat,
legumes, and tofu. It suggests consuming these in moderate amounts.

Level 4 (Top): Fats, Oils, and Sugars

- The smallest section of the pyramid is dedicated to fats, oils, and sugars. It advises limiting the
intake of foods high in sugar, saturated fats, and trans fats. Instead, healthier fats such as unsaturated
fats from plant sources, like olive oil, are recommended.

It's important to note that the Malaysian Food Pyramid 2010 is a general guideline and may not
be suitable for everyone. Individual dietary needs may vary depending on factors such as age, gender,
activity level, and any specific health conditions. For personalized and up-to-date dietary
recommendations, it is recommended to consult a registered dietitian or refer to the latest guidelines
from the Malaysian Ministry of Health or relevant health authorities.
GUIDELINES FROM THE MALAYSIAN MINISTRY OF HEALTH

Carbohydrates: This forms the base of the food pyramid as it is the primary source of energy. It
includes staple foods like rice, noodles, bread, and cereals. These foods are rich in carbohydrates and
provide essential nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

Fruits and vegetables: These are categorized together and form the second level of the pyramid. Fruits
and vegetables are packed with vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. They are low in calories
and provide essential nutrients for overall health and well-being.
Protein: The third level consists of foods rich in protein such as lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs,
legumes, and nuts. Protein is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. These
foods also provide important nutrients like iron and zinc.

Dairy products: This level includes milk, yogurt, and cheese, which are important sources of calcium
and other essential nutrients. Dairy products support bone health and provide protein for muscle
growth and development.

Fats and oils: At the top of the pyramid are foods that are high in fats and oils, such as butter, cooking
oils, margarine, and fried foods. While fats are necessary for the body, it is important to consume them
in moderation due to their high caloric content.

The classification of foods in the food pyramid is designed to guide individuals in making informed
choices about their diet. It encourages the consumption of a variety of foods from different groups in
appropriate portions to ensure a balanced intake of essential nutrients. By following the food pyramid
guidelines, individuals can work towards maintaining a healthy and well-rounded diet in Malaysia.
 GRAF DISCUSSION

 Age level of respondents that answered the survey

AGE

24%
30% 15 - 20
21 - 25
26 Aand above

46%

 Study course

STUDY COURSE

21.4; 23%

DHF
DUP
OTHER
3.2; 3%

67.3; 73%
 How do you know about food pyramid ?

28
40

20
12

Teachers/lecturer social media

Family awareness talks about the food pyramid

GRAF AND QUESTION : FOOD PYRAMID

 1) At what age were you exposed to the food
pyramid ?

58

22
18

4.5
15 - 10 16 - 20 21- 30 31 and above
Series 1 58 18 22 4.5

Series 1

2) Do you take a daily diet guided by the food

pyramid?

No 25.5

Yes 75.5

DO YOU TAKE A DAILY DIET GUIDED BY THE FOOD PYRAMID

3) can the food pyramid guide help you in

choosing a balanced diet ?

Totally 71.4
agree

Agree 26.5

Disagree 2

DO YOU TAKE A DAILY DIET GUIDED BY THE FOOD PYRAMID

 4) How many pyramid levels are in the food
pyramid ?

3 14.3
LEVEL

5 44.9

4 40.8

PERCENTAGE

5) Based on the food pyramid, sugar and salt should be

used in small quantities to avoid disease

Totally agree 67.3

Agree 30.6

Disagree 40.8

PERCENTAGE

6) Can fruits and vegetables help in your diges-

tive system?

Totally agree 65.3

Agree 34.7
 7) Based on the food pyramid, what are protein
sources ?

All above 87.8

Ikan 1

Eggs 8.2

Chicken 1

PERCENTAGE

8) What is food pyramid ?

Panduan pemilihan
makanan harian
yang sihat yang 93.9
perlu diambil
mengikut jenis dan
kuantiti makanan

Panduan untuk diet 4

dan langsing

Panduan untuk kurus 2

PERCENTAGE

9) Deficiency of this vitamin can cause Myopia,

what type of vitamin is this ?

81.6

4.3 3.5
vitamin C vitamin A vitamin D
 10) The top level of food in the food pyramid
should be taken in what quantity?

Less 29.2
INTAKE

More 18.8

Simple 52.1

PERCENTAGE

11) Why do you need to take a balanced food?

93.9

4.1 2
To stay thin practice a healthy not easy to get sick
lifestyle
Series 1 4.1 93.9 2 NaN
Column2 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Column1 NaN NaN NaN NaN

12) a balanced diet food is a food that ?

1%
2%

Contain many fat

Open the apetite
has nutrients for the body
Can make people full

97%
 13) milk, curd and cheese are found at which
level in the food pyramid ?

16%
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
22%
61%

14) meat, chicken, fish, nuts and dairy products

found in level 2 contain

6% 4% complex carbohydrates, vitamins,

2% minerals and fiber
Vitamin, mineral and fiber
Supply energy
Protein, vitamin b, iron, magnesium
and calcium

88%

15) which food group helps the digestive

process and prevents constipation

6%

Milk and meat

Fruits and vegetables

94%
16) rice and potatoes included in the group?

4%

Grain and potatoes

Fat and salt

96%

17) eating an excess of energy-giving food can

make a person more

8%
More healthy
fat
35% Skinny
57%

18) As a teenage, what eating habits did you

practice ?

19%
Balanced diet
Like to eat vegie
6%
Eat without mind the time

75%
19) What is the problem that will be faced if
taking fat in excess?

4%
ANEROXIA NERVOSA
KIDNEY DISEASES
43% OBESITY
DIABETES
53%
 Nutrition is a fundamental aspect when it comes to maintaining good health and well-being. In
light of this, a comprehensive study was conducted using a Google Form to gather valuable insights.
The responses revealed a diverse range of opinions on the awareness and significance of the food
pyramid. Specifically, the survey asked participants whether they agreed or disagreed with the
statement that the food pyramid is exclusively important for adults.

Interestingly, the majority of respondents expressed their disagreement with the notion that the
food pyramid is solely relevant to adults. It was widely recognized that the food pyramid serves as a
universal dietary guideline for individuals of all ages. Its purpose extends beyond adulthood and
encompasses people from various walks of life. The food pyramid offers valuable recommendations
for achieving a well-balanced diet, emphasizing the optimal intake of essential nutrients and food
groups.

Another significant finding from the survey was the overwhelming agreement among
participants regarding the crucial role of the food pyramid in maintaining good health and preventing
diseases. The respondents acknowledged the importance of placing a strong emphasis on daily food
consumption habits. The food pyramid acts as a practical framework, outlining the types and
quantities of food that should be consumed regularly. It provides valuable guidance on how to achieve
a balanced and nutritious diet by incorporating a variety of food groups to meet the body's nutritional
requirements.

Furthermore, there was an acknowledgment that excessive consumption of sugary treats, such
as cakes, can potentially contribute to the development of diabetes. Cakes often contain high levels of
refined sugar or sweeteners, which, when consumed excessively, can have adverse effects on an
individual's health. It was highlighted that natural sugars found in wholesome foods, such as fruits,
dairy products, and whole grains, provide a steady and sustainable energy source for cells. In contrast,
the added sugars found in processed treats are not essential for the body's overall well-being and
should be consumed in moderation.

The survey's final notable observation was the significant impact of disregarding a well-
balanced diet on one's overall health and quality of life. Neglecting the principles outlined in the food
pyramid can lead to a gradual decline in physical and mental well-being. Conversely, an excessive and
imbalanced intake of food can give rise to a plethora of health issues, including weight gain, nutrient
deficiencies, and the onset of chronic diseases. Thus, the study emphasized the crucial importance of
understanding and implementing the recommendations presented by the food pyramid to ensure that
individuals can enjoy their meals while prioritizing their overall health and wellness.
 SUMMARY

Based on the responses gathered from the Google Form survey, the first question asked
participants about the age at which they were exposed to the food pyramid. The majority of
respondents 58% reported being exposed to the food pyramid between the ages of 10 - 15. A smaller
percentage 18% became aware of the food pyramid between the ages of 16 - 20. Furthermore, a
notable number of participants 31% and above were exposed to the food pyramid at the age of 21 and
above, indicating a later introduction to this dietary guideline for some individuals.

Moving on to the second question, participants were asked how they came to know about the
food pyramid. The responses indicated that the most common source of information was teachers or
lecturers with 40%, suggesting that educational institutions played a significant role in spreading
awareness about the food pyramid. Family members were another influential source, with 20% of
respondents stating that they learned about the food pyramid through their families. Awareness
campaigns or lectures specifically focused on the food pyramid were mentioned by 28% of
participants as the means through which they became aware of it.

Lastly, participants were asked about the problems that can arise from excessive fat intake. The
majority of respondents 53.1% identified obesity as the primary problem associated with excessive fat
consumption. Diabetes was also recognized as a potential issue, with 42.9% of participants indicating
it as a problem.

These findings highlight the age range at which individuals were exposed to the food pyramid,
with the majority becoming aware of it during their teenage years. Teachers, lecturers, and family
members played a significant role in disseminating knowledge about the food pyramid, while
awareness campaigns and lectures also contributed to awareness. Additionally, respondents
recognized obesity and diabetes as potential problems resulting from excessive fat intake.
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, based on the discussions and research conducted, it can be observed that there is a range
of opinions and practices when it comes to the utilization of the food pyramid in daily life. While a
significant number of individuals adhere to its principles, considering it as a valuable guide, others
perceive the food pyramid as less important or simply a general recommendation. One notable finding
is the lack of knowledge regarding the advantages and disadvantages of each food group within the
food pyramid. Many individuals are not fully aware of the specific benefits and functions associated
with different levels of the pyramid. This knowledge gap can lead to imbalanced food choices and
potential health consequences. To address these findings, it is important to prioritize education and
awareness about the food pyramid. By providing comprehensive information about the benefits and
roles of each food group, individuals can make informed decisions about their dietary intake.
Promoting understanding and emphasizing the significance of a balanced diet can contribute to
improved overall health and well-being. In summary, the research highlights the diversity of opinions
and practices regarding the food pyramid. Enhancing knowledge and awareness about the benefits of
each food group is crucial for promoting healthier eating habits and ensuring a balanced diet for
optimal health
REFERENCES

http://www.myhealth.gov.my/piramid-makanan-malaysia/

https://www.educaplay.com/printablegame/3720448-food_pyramid_questions.html

https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/nutritiondefinitions.html#:~:text=Nutrition%20is%20about
%20eating%20a,Health%20%7C%20Minerals%20%7C%20Nutrition%20%7C%20Vitamins