NAME: Niel Aldrich T.

Cadotdot YEAR AND SECTION: 1ST Year BSN-1H DATE: 02/12/2022

NOTE: Answer the following questions base on the powerpoint presentation given.

UNDERSTANDING YOURSELF
Q: Write your insights.
“Knowing others is wisdom but knowing yourself is enlightenment.” – sun tzu
Self-awareness is the capacity to look inward and understand our own feelings, emotions, stressors, and personality. These
key understandings play a critical role in influencing our judgements, decisions, and interactions with other people.

ISSUES ABOUT SELF AND FACTORS OF SELF

Q: Enumerate the Five Social Factors and write their meaning
1. Social Factor - It refers to the influences of the significant people in one’s life. It primarily includes family and
peers/friends. For example, you are responsible because your parents taught you to be responsible. Or You learn to smoke
because of the influence of your friends.

2. Environmental Factor - Unlike the social factor, the environmental factor broadly includes the physical and communal
elements present in everyday surroundings.
This factor covers not only the physical properties of the surroundings (climate and temperature, forms of land). It also
includes the expectations and norms operating in that locality or place. Like for example, People who grew up in a city are
competitive and resilient so you who came from a province need to adopt the skills needed to survive in such an
environment. You will consciously strengthen certain traits and skills that will manifest competitiveness.

3. Heredity Factor - It is a biological process by which certain traits and characteristics are passed from one generation to
another.
It readily dictates one’s physical attributes, cognitive traits, and personal characteristics.

4. Person-volition factor - It refers to the inclination of a person to form and construct a specific identity.
You were able to develop certain traits because you wanted to have those traits.
It is a purposive striving to achieve a specific identity.

SELF AWARENESS
Q: Enumerate the 3 sources of self-concept.
1. Other images
2. Social comparisons
3. Interpretations and evaluations

JOHARI WINDOW – Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham

Q: What are the four window panes of Johari Window?
1. Open Self
2. Blind Self
3. Hidden Self
4. Unknown Self

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SELF

Q: Write your insights.
FAMILY-
Starting point of the development and molding of an individual
INFANT –
born helpless, ignorant and without any sense of self.
CHILD-
the center of the family, warmth, affection and care and so that the he becomes egocentric or self- centered.

LOOKING GLASS SELF – Charles Cooley

Q: What are the 3 elements that are involved in this looking glass?
1. Our imagination of our appearance to another person.
2. Our imagination of his judgment of that appearance.
3. Some sort of self-feeling such as pride or mortification.

Q: What are the 5 basic elements of emotional Intelligence

1. Self-Awareness
2. Self Regulation
3. Motivation
4. Empathy

SELF FROM THE VARIOUS PERSPECTIVE

Q: Write insights about the following. (point of view, theory, famous line)
Plato
-Dualism of the body and soul
-Soul is the seat of reason and source of true and immortal self
Aristotle
-Soul has rational part
-What makes human beings unique is the possession of soul and intellect

Socrates
-Know how ought to live
-Requires self-knowledge
-true self is our soul
-care for the soul to be virtuous and happy

St Augustine
-Soul and intellect but only intellect has substantial form
-Intellect is what makes us human, enables thought and language unlike animals
-Abstractions from experience, agent intellect and receptive intellect, not only perception but ideas

Rene Descartes
-Descartes knows that he exist and continues to exist as long as he is a “thing that thinks”
-This consciousness allows us to know that we exist composes our soul, which is a substance
-For Descartes, self-identity depends on consciousness.

John Locke
-Self Identity depends on our having the same consciousness and memories
- He distinguishes between a substances (the soul) and consciousness
-Memory provides and infallible link between what we might call different stages of a person
-Two objections:
1.We forget much of what we experience
2. Our memories are not always accurate

Emmanuel Kant
-Two fold nature of humans
-Homo Noumenon, essence of things, beyond experiences, God-like self, intellect
-Homo Phaenoumenon, thing as it appears to observer, human self, physical
-Noumenal self, endowed with freedom, or agency, and can be subjected to moral obligation: true and real self that needs
to be actualized
-Phaenoumenon self, enables knowing noumenal self

Sigmund Freud
-Human mind consists of conscious and unconscious parts
-Psychoanalytic approach underscores the importance of the unconscious, where most psychological functioning such as
repressed needs, desires, motivations, feelings and memories reside.
-Human nature is determined by unconscious motivations that are largely instinctual, primarily by the dynamic conflicts
between the life instincts, particularly the libido, and the death instincts, particularly aggressive drive

Merleau Ponty
-We experience the world through our body, embodied subjectivity
-Experience changes the mind, being in the world
-Physical body is an important part of the self and acts as one system with the mind
- we imbue the world with our own value and meaning, crucial to how we subjectively experience the world

G.H Mead
- The “I” and the “me”
-Reflexivity – continuous process of thinking and doing in the context of interacting with others. It is the ability to see
one’s self as an object, which is uniquely human capability and enables us to achieve a sense of self.
-Therefore, human beings have agency or the capability to cause necessary and desired changes.

William James
-Divided the “me” into three subcategories:
-Material self (our bodies and extended selves)
-Social self (the various roles we play in social life and the way we are recognized and regarded by others
-spiritual self (our inner or psychological self, including our ideas about our traits and abilities, values and habits, and the
way it feels to be us.

Albert Bandura
-Human functioning is product of reciprocal interplay of intrapersonal, behavioral, and environmental determinants
-“agency” refers to the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own decision

What are 3 components of the soul

1. Rational – uses reason
2. Spirited - neutral
3. Appetitive- pursue the desire

FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHYSICAL SELF

Q: What is self-concept?
-Self-concept is an individual’s perception of self and is what helps make each individual unique, the positive and
Negative Self Assessments in the physical, emotional, intellectual, and functional dimensions change over time. Self-
concept affects the ability to function and greatly influences health status.

What are the four components? Write its meaning.

1. Self Esteem
2. Identity
3. Role Performance
4. Body Image

PSYCHOLOGICAL VIEW OF SELF

Q: Define the following.
1. Material Self - Is attributed to an individual’s physical attributes and material possessions that contribute to one’s self-
image
2. Social Self- Refers to who a person is and how he or she acts in social situations
3. Spiritual Self-Refers to the most intimate and important part of the self that includes the person’s purpose, core values,
conscience, and behavior

Carl Rogers - In Roger’s View, the closer the ideal self, to the real/true self, the more fulfilled and happier the individual
becomes, When the ideal self is far from the real/true self, the person becomes unhappy an dissatisfied.

True Self - Is represented by our real feelings and desires

False Self- the function is to hide and protect the true self

BANDURA’S MAIN FEATURES OF HUMAN AGENCY

Q: Define the following.
1. Intentionality - Refers to acts done intentionally. Intentions center on plans for actions with the anticipation of
possible outcomes.
2. Forethought – Enables the person to anticipate the likely consequences of prospective actions. Through the
exercise of forethought, people are guided in their actions in the anticipation of future events.
3. Self-reactiveness – Involves making choices and choosing appropriate courses of action as well as motivating and
regulating them.
4. Self-reflective - Gives the person the ability to reflect upon and the adequacy of his or her thoughts and actions.

JUNG’S FOUR MAJOR ARCHETYPE

Q: Enumerate the four major archetypes and write their meaning.
1. Persona - Refers to social roles that individuals present to others
2. Shadow – Refers to the repressed thoughts that are socially unacceptable. This is often considered the dark side of the
psyche.
3. Anima - is the feminine side of the male psyche
4. Animus - Is the masculine side of the female psyche.

EIGHT STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT – Erik Erikson

1. Stage 1 Infancy: Trust vs Mistrust
2. Stage 2 Toddlerhood: Autonomy vs. Shame and self-doubt
3. Stage 3 Preschool Years: Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Stage 4 Early School Years: Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Stage 5 Adolescence: Identity vs. Role Confusion
6. Stage 6: Young Adulthood: Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Stage 7: Middle Adulthood: Generativity vs. Stagnation
8. Stage 8: Late Adulthood: Ego Integrity vs. Despair

STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Q: Write the characteristics of the following.
1. Infancy
-Infancy is the shortest of all developmental Periods
-Infancy is time-radical an adjustment
-Infancy is a plateau in development
- Infancy is a preview of later development
-Infancy is a hazardous period

2. Childhood
-Physical development
-Social Development
 -Emotional Development
-Intellectual Development
-Language Development

3. Later Childhood
-Physical development
-Motor development
-Emotional development
-Social development
-Intellectual development
-Speech and Language development

4. Adolescence
-Physical and Motor development
-Emotional development
-Intellectual development
-Social development
-Sexual development

5. Adulthood
-Period od adjustments (new patterns of life & new social expectation
-New roles to play
-Development of new attitudes, interests and values (pacing with new roles)
-Difficult period of life
-Settling down age
-Carefree freedom over

THE MENTAL SELF

Q: Define the following.
Cognition
-Is defined as the complex array of mental processes involved in remembering, perceiving, thinking, and how these
processes are employed (Ashcraft & Radvansky, 2010).
- It is an umbrella term to cover all “higher-order” thinking processes.

Memory
-It is the faculty of the mind through which information is acquired and retained for later use.
Memory is often likened to a computer system, where the processes of encoding, storing, and retrieving information
happen continuously.

Sensory Memory
-Sensory memory – is the level that allows information from the external environment to be perceived by an individual
through senses, usually in the form of chemical and physical stimuli, often with focus and intent.

Short-term Memory
-Short-term or working memory – is where information is temporarily stored, where information is simultaneously
remembered and is in a readily-available state, typically from 10 to 15 seconds up to one minute.

Long term Memory

-Long-term memory – information stored in long term memory is often permanent and allows for repeated retrievals
across situations

Intelligence-
The term is referred to as an individual’s capacity for understanding, learning, planning, and problem solving with logic,
creativity, and self-awareness.
It is characterized as the application of knowledge to be able to adjust to the environment.
It is the process of applying knowledge in the proper context whenever the need arises.
Intelligence is often thought of as hereditary rather than environmental.

Multiple Intelligence- Howard Gardner

Q: Enumerate the 8 multiple intelligence.
1.Verbal-linguistic
-Ability to analyze information and produce output that involves oral and written language

2. Logical-mathematical
-Ability to understand and answer mathematical equations
3. Visual-spatial
-Ability to analyze graphical information

4. Musical
Ability to produce and make meaning of different types of sound

5. Naturalistic
-Ability to identify and distinguish aspects of the natural world

6. Bodily-kinesthetic
-Ability to use one’s body to create products or solve problems

7. Interpersonal
-Ability to be sensitive of other people’s thoughts and emotions

8. Intrapersonal
-Ability for self-introspection

Triarchic Theory – Robert Sternberg

Q: Enumerate the 3 triarchic theory
1. Componential/Analytical - Includes abstract thinking and logical reasoning; verbal and mathematical skills

2. Experiential/Creative - Divergent thinking and ability to deal with novel situations

3. Contextual/Practical - Being “street smart,” ability to apply knowledge to the real world and shape or choose an
environment

SELF CONCEPT
Q: What question does the following refers?
1. Self knowledge
- Global self: is the term used to describe the composite of all basic facts, qualities, traits, images and feelings one
holds about oneself.
It includes:
1. Basic facts: sex, age, race, occupation, cultural background, sexual orientation
2. Person's position with social groups
3. Qualities or traits that describe typical behaviors, feelings, moods and other characteristics (generous, hot-
headed , ambitious, intelligent, sexy

2. Self expectation
- Expectations for self flow from various sources.
The ideal self constitutes the self one want to be.
Self expectations develop unconsciously early in childhood and are based on image of role models such as parents

3. Social self
- Social self refers to how we perceive ourselves in relation to others. It involves relationship building,
empathizing, and communicating. A healthy, or not so healthy, social self will also impact your overall mental
wellbeing and ability to meet life goals.

4. Self evaluation
- Self esteem is the evaluative and affective component of self concept
Maslow's Subsets of Esteem Needs:
1. Self-esteem (strength, achievement, mastery, competence, ..)
2. Respect needs or the need for esteem from others

THE EMOTIONAL SELF

1. Human Emotion
 Emotions are mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts,
feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure. There is currently no scientific consensus
on a definition. Emotions are often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, or creativity.

2. Emotional Intelligence
-it is an array of non-cognitive abilities, competencies, and skills that influence one’s ability to succeed in coping
with environmental demands and pressure. Bar-on 1997, p.14
- it is one’s ability to understand emotion and for them to contribute in how one perceives the environment he or
she is in. Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso 2004
- it is the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for
managing our emotions effectively in ourselves and others. Goleman 1998 p.317

3. Emotional Regulation
- is defined as an attempt to influence emotion.

SEXUAL SELF
-These physiological sensations are part of the sexual response cycle, which includes four phases: excitement, plateau,
orgasm and resolution.

The Motivation Book -1959 was published.

Human Emotions
Emotions- serve as a driving force in how one acts and behaves. the lower-level responses occurring in the brain.

Cognition – is a crucial part of an individual’s development process which influences behavior, just as how behavior also
impacts it, assuming a bi-directional connection.
Emotional regulation- Cognitive reappraisal and suppression