BIOLOGY EXERCISES FOR FINAL TEST 1

SMA ABBS SURAKARTA - ACADEMIC YEAR 2023/2024

Grade : 11th
Subject : Biology
Teacher : Ms Tami

Chapter 1: Cell Structure and Membrane Transport

1. Look at the following picture!

The plant organelle that contains small grains for protein synthesis is shown by number … .
a. 8
b. 9
c. 10
d. 11
e. 12
2. The following picture shows the anatomy of an animal cell.

An animal cell is different from a plant cell in terms of its organelle. One of the special
organelles that only exists in animal cells is the lysosome. What is the function of lysosomes?
a. It contains most of the cell’s genetic material for inheritance
b. It breaks down waste materials and cellular debris
c. It produces protein through transcription and translation process
d. It has a function for lipid synthesis
e. It produces energy currency through respiration
3. Look at the following picture!

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), are the cells that contain hemoglobin, an
oxygen-transporting protein that gives blood its red color. Based on the picture, what will
happen to the erythrocyte in a condition of C?
a. It is a normal cell
b. It will be shrivelled
c. It stays the same as before, soaked into the solution
d. It swells and may lyse
e. It has higher water potential than the solution
4. Look at the following picture!

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), are the cells that contain hemoglobin, an
oxygen-transporting protein that gives blood its red color. Based on the picture, what will
happen to the erythrocyte in a condition of B?
a. It is a normal cell
b. It will be shrivelled
c. It stays the same as before, soaked into the solution
d. It swells and may lyse
e. It has higher water potential than the solution
5. A double membrane encloses the two organelles, which are … .
a. Nucleus and Golgi body
b. Endoplasmic reticulum and cell wall
c. Nucleolus and mitochondria
d. Nucleus and mitochondria
e. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body

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6. The diagram below shows the sodium-potassium pump processes.

One of the most important pumps in animal cells is the sodium-potassium pump, which
maintains the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The sodium-potassium pump moves
potassium into the cell while moving sodium out at the same time, at a ratio of three sodium
for every two potassium ions moved in. In modern prokaryotic cells, the gap in ionic
composition between the inside and outside of the cell is maintained by ion-tight cellular
membranes. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the transport of
ions in modern prokaryotic cells?
a. Ions are leaking across the membrane since the prokaryotic cell’s membrane is
completely impermeable.
b. The influx of both sodium and potassium ions into the cell is driven by the electric
potential over the membrane, which is negative inside.
c. Prokaryotic cells bring the ion ratio above unity.
d. The mechanism of ions transport keeps the cytosolic level at sufficient level.
e. Various ions are leaking in accordance with the concentration gradient.
7. Look at the following picture!

Endocytosis is the process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by
engulfing them in a vesicle. What will happen to the process shown on number 4?
a. Formation of phagolysosome
b. Elimination of waste materials
c. Ingestion of the pathogen
d. Destruction of pathogen and formation of residual body
e. Attachment of the phagocyte to the pathogen

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8. What is the definition of osmosis?
a. The movement of water from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low
solute concentration occurs through a selectively permeable membrane.
b. The active transport of solutes against the concentration gradient.
c. The diffusion of water molecules across a cell membrane.
d. The random movement of solute particles in a solution.
e. The equal movement of water and solutes across a membrane.
9. Mitochondria, often referred to as the "powerhouses of the cell," play a crucial role in
cellular energy production. While eukaryotic cells possess well-defined mitochondria,
prokaryotic cells also have structures with similar functions known as bacterial
microcompartments. Based on the scientific information provided, select the statement that
accurately captures a key distinction in their characteristics.
a. Mitochondria are exclusively found in animal cells, while bacterial
microcompartments are present in plant cells.
b. Bacterial microcompartments lack a double membrane structure, unlike the
mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.
c. Mitochondria and bacterial microcompartments share identical genetic material.
d. Eukaryotic cells utilize bacterial microcompartments for energy production.
e. Mitochondria are more primitive structures compared to bacterial
microcompartments.
10. Look at the following picture!

The picture shows us the stage of exocytosis. Based on the picture, the correct pathway for
throwing out the metabolic waste in animal cells is … .
a. ER - cis Golgi - cytoplasm - trans Golgi - vesicle - cell membrane - cell wall - the
surrounding environment
b. Nucleus - ER - cytoplasm - trans Golgi - plasma membrane - outside of the cell
c. ER - cytoplasm - cis Golgi - trans Golgi - vesicle - cytoplasm - cell membrane - outside
of the cell
d. Nuclear envelope - nucleus - cis Golgi - trans Golgi - cytoplasm - cell membrane - the
surrounding environment
e. ER - vesicle - trans Golgi - cis Golgi - vesicle - cytoplasm - plasma membrane - the
surrounding environment

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Chapter 2: Plant Tissue
11. Which of the following statements accurately describes characteristics of meristem tissue in
plants?
a. Meristem tissue is responsible for energy storage in plants.
b. Meristem cells are fully differentiated and specialized for specific functions.
c. Meristem tissue is primarily found in mature and woody parts of plants.
d. Meristem cells undergo rapid cell division and contribute to plant growth.
e. Meristem tissue is involved in water and nutrient transport within the plant.
12. What kind of tissue causes secondary growth in a dicot plant?
a. Apical meristem
b. Intercalary meristem
c. Lateral meristem
d. Simple permanent tissue
e. Complex permanent tissue
13. Which of the following statements is correct about the primary meristem?
a. It causes secondary growth on plants.
b. It occurs at the cambium.
c. It produces bark on trees.
d. It produces new leaves and flowers.
e. It does not occur at tips of shoots and roots.
14. Annual rings in trees serve as natural records of a tree's growth and environmental
conditions during different periods. Each ring represents one year of growth and is
composed of two parts: earlywood and latewood. Analyzing the characteristics of annual
rings can provide insights into the climate, moisture levels, and overall health of a tree
during its life. Based on the scientific information provided, analyze the characteristics of
annual rings in a specific tree. Select the statement that accurately reflects a key aspect of
the formation and significance of annual rings.
a. Annual rings are primarily composed of latewood, representing rapid growth in
favorable conditions.
b. The width of annual rings is consistent, indicating a stable and unchanging climate
over the years.
c. Earlywood is formed during the winter months when the tree experiences a period
of dormancy.
d. Narrow rings indicate favorable growth conditions, while wide rings suggest periods
of stress or environmental challenges.
e. Annual rings have no correlation with environmental factors and are solely
determined by genetic factors.

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15. Look at the table below!

Based on the data provided, collenchyma tissue is represented by the number … .

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. V
16. Which of the following structures belongs to vascular tissue, which has the function of
transporting nutrition (glucose)?
a. Vessels and tracheids
b. Sieve tubes and companion cells
c. Phloem fibres and tracheids
d. Xylem fibres and companion cells
e. Phloem parenchyma and xylem parenchyma

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Chapter 3: Animal Tissue
17. Look at the following image!

Connective tissue proper is a diverse category of connective tissues that includes various
types, each with specific functions and characteristics. Understanding the features of
connective tissue proper is essential for comprehending its role in the human body. Which
of the following statements accurately describes a key characteristic of connective tissue
proper?
a. It is primarily composed of neurons and supporting cells.
b. Its main function is to contract and generate force.
c. It forms a protective covering over organs and body surfaces.
d. It contains a fluid matrix known as plasma.
e. It consists of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix with fibers.
18. Take a look at the following image!

Which of the following numbers indicates the skeletal muscle?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 1 and 2
e. 2 and 3

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19. Observe the following image!

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Regular dense connective tissue is found in areas requiring flexibility, while irregular
dense connective tissue provides strength.
b. Irregular dense connective tissue has collagen fibers arranged in parallel, providing
resistance to tension in one direction.
c. Regular dense connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments, providing strength
and attachment.
d. Irregular dense connective tissue is mainly composed of elastic fibers, allowing for
stretching and recoil.
e. Regular dense connective tissue is commonly found in the dermis of the skin,
providing structural support.
20. Pseudostratified epithelial tissue lines the inner wall of the urinary bladder, where it plays
an important role in urine evacuation. The peculiar structure of this tissue, with cells that
look to be layered but are actually a single layer, adds to its functionality. As the bladder fills,
the pseudostratified epithelium stretches, allowing the bladder to expand. During the
elimination phase, this tissue compresses, assisting in the effective ejection of urine from the
bladder. Based on the information provided, analyze the role of pseudostratified epithelial
tissue in the urinary bladder during urine elimination. Which of the following statements
best represents the information?
a. The compression of pseudostratified epithelial tissue in the bladder facilitates urine
storage.
b. Pseudostratified epithelial tissue in the bladder is not involved in stretching during
bladder filling.
c. Pseudostratified epithelial tissue in the bladder remains static during the urine
elimination process.
d. The unique structure of pseudostratified epithelial tissue hinders urine expulsion
from the bladder.
e. Pseudostratified epithelial tissue undergoes stretching during bladder filling and
compression during urine elimination.

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21. Take a look at the following image!

Which of the following numbers indicates the involuntary muscle?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 1 and 2
e. 2 and 3
22. Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes reticular fibers from collagen
fibers?
a. Reticular fibers provide tensile strength to connective tissues, while collagen fibers
support cell anchorage.
b. Collagen fibers are fine and delicate, forming a mesh-like network, while reticular
fibers are thick and provide structural support.
c. Reticular fibers are composed of elastin, providing flexibility, while collagen fibers
are primarily made of collagen, imparting strength.
d. Collagen fibers form a branching network, while reticular fibers are long,
unbranched fibers.
e. Reticular fibers are abundant in tendons and ligaments, while collagen fibers are
found in the stroma of organs.

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Chapter 4: The Human Skeletal System
23. The advancement of bionic hand technology has significantly impacted individuals with
congenital disabilities. These bionic hands are designed to function seamlessly, mimicking
the capabilities of a natural human hand. In a recent case study, a person born with a
congenital hand disability has successfully integrated a bionic hand into their daily life. The
success is attributed to the sophisticated connection between the nervous system of the
individual and the bionic hand, allowing for precise and coordinated movements. Based on
the scientific information provided, analyze how the nervous system of the human hand can
be connected to the system of a bionic hand. Choose the statement that accurately reflects
the information presented!
a. The nervous system has no role in the functionality of bionic hands.
b. Bionic hands rely solely on external sensors and do not involve the human nervous
system.
c. Successful integration of a bionic hand requires complete disconnection from the
human nervous system.
d. The connection between the nervous system and the bionic hand enables precise
and coordinated movements.
e. Bionic hands function independently of any nervous system influence.
24. Skeletal muscles play a crucial role in human movement and locomotion. Understanding the
key characteristics of skeletal muscles is essential for comprehending their functions in the
human body. Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of
skeletal muscles in humans?
a. Skeletal muscles are involuntary and function automatically.
b. Skeletal muscles are connected to bones by tendons.
c. Skeletal muscles are rich in intercalated discs.
d. Skeletal muscles are primarily found in internal organs.
e. Skeletal muscles contract involuntarily, controlling vital bodily functions.
25. Observe the image below!

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the bone cells?

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 a. Osteoblasts are mature bone cells involved in mineralization, while osteocytes are
responsible for bone resorption.
b. Osteocytes are precursor cells that differentiate into osteoblasts, which then mature
into osteocytes.
c. Osteoblasts are actively involved in bone formation, secreting organic components of
the extracellular matrix, while osteocytes are dormant bone cells.
d. Osteocytes are responsible for bone remodeling, while osteoblasts play a role in
maintaining bone density.
e. Osteoblasts are found in lacunae within the bone matrix, while osteocytes are on the
bone surface.
26. Examine the image below!

Which number indicates the second true rib?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
27. Look at the following image!

Which number indicates the cervical vertebrae?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

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28. According to the image below, number 1 indicates … .

a. carpals
b. metacarpals
c. radius
d. ulna
e. phalanges
29. According to the image below, number 5 represents … .

a. tibia
b. femur
c. fibula
d. metatarsals
e. phalanges

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30. Based on the image provided, which of the following joints does not belong to the plane
joint?

a. The intertarsal joint

b. The zygapophysial joint
c. The interphalangeal joint
d. The acromioclavicular joint
e. The intercarpal joint

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