UNIT 4 –SITE PLANNING

AR8701 - LANDSCAPE DESIGN

Ar.T.M.A HAJEE HAFILA BANU , M.ARCH
 UNIT - 4
Organisation of spaces in the outdoor environment. Role of
circulation and built form in shaping the environment. Role of
landscape design in design of neighbourhood parks, children’s play
2
area and campus development.
SITE PLANNING

Site Planning
The Art of Arranging Structures
or the Land shaping the
spaces between the
structures.

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 ORGANISATION OF SPACES

The open space in a master plan

divides the campus into eight (8) major
spaces as discussed and described
below. The eight open space
categorizations include the following:

YOUR COMPANY NAME 5

 ORGANISATION OF SPACES IN A CAMPUS

CENTRAL COMMUNAL/ PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL STREETSCAPI REMEDIATION SPORTS ATHLETIC

GATHERING SOCIAL OUTDOOR COURTYARDS NG & AREAS FIELD PARKS
SPACE CORRIDORS ROOMS BUFFER

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CENTRAL GATHERING SPACE
▪ Courtyards and visual sequences
introduce colours and textures of
the wall framing the space in that
campus reveals itself gradually as
a progression of changing
outlooks.

▪ Variety of courtyards may inflect

and inform the purpose and
physical forms of a unique
learning environment.

▪ A campus that establish many

smaller places-some formal some
open–will generate a mosaic of
visually different spaces .
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COMMUNAL / SOCIAL
CORRIDORS

▪ These communal areas can act

as 'anchors' or focal points for the
social life of those based within
the office along a
particular corridor, a building, or
an entire area of
the campus depending on their
scale.

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PASSIVE OUTDOOR ROOMS
▪ Passive solar design
refers to the use of the
sun’s energy for the
heating and cooling
of living spaces by
exposure to the sun.

YOUR COMPANY NAME

RESIDENTIAL COURTYARDS

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ATHELETHIC PARKS
ATHLETIC FIELD - A PIECE OF LAND PREPARED FOR
PLAYING A GAME; "THE HOME CROWD CHEERED WHEN
PRINCETON TOOK THE FIELD" PLAYING AREA,

PLAYING FIELD, FIELD. SCENE OF ACTION, ARENA - A

PLAYING FIELD WHERE SPORTS EVENTS TAKE PLACE.

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ATHELETIC PARKS

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STREETSCAPING & BUFFER
“STREETSCAPE IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE
THE NATURAL AND BUILT FABRIC OF THE
STREET,

DEFINED AS THE DESIGN QUALITY OF THE

STREET AND ITS VISUAL EFFECT,

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SPORTS FIELD

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REMEDIATION AREAS

Parks, recreation, and open space

perform numerous functions and
provide numerous benefits.

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• Active and passive recreational opportunity.
• Direct health and safety benefits (such as flood control, protection for water
supply and groundwater recharge areas, cleansing of air, separation from
hazards).
• Protection for important critical areas and natural systems (such as wetlands,
tidal marshes, beaches) and for protection for wildlife diversity and habitat.
• Boundaries between incompatible uses and breaks from continuous
development. They can shape land use patterns to promote more compact,
efficient-to-service development.
• Places for facilities, such as zoos, aquariums, cultural and historical sites, and
community centers that contribute educational and cultural benefits.

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LANDSCAPE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS & GUIDELINES FOR
SPORTS AREAS

▪ Sports areas normally need large properties of land & it can vary form 5
acres to more than 10 acres depending on the kind of sporting activities
housed in that place.
▪ Large places would have lot of life & ecology & definitely creating these
structures would mean to work with the ecology of that region, its climate &
its landscape.
▪ Hot places need more emphasis on this aspect due to the fact that such
complexes bound to have large uncovered open spaces subjected to
heat.

Site Conditions
▪ Different Sporting activities have different guidelines regarding the play field
size, material & shape.

Topographically

▪ Most of the sporting activities need near flat land or space for the playfield
with sometimes slight slopes for surface drainage.
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Landscape Design considerations & Guidelines for Sports
Areas

• Climate

▪ Very passive roles as far as the sporting activities are concerned.

▪ Modern technologies have been put to use to overcome the climatic
problems.
▪ But still certain open field sporting activities still demand proper daylight
& orientation.
▪ E.g. Cricket, tennis etc.

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CAMPUS DEVELOPMENT

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PURPOSE OF CAMPUS PLANNING ???

▪ The purpose of campus designing

▪ A well designed campus environment contributes significantly to the
learning, working and social experiences for users and visitors.
▪ Another important benefit of an attractive campus is its positive impact
in recruitment. And also creating positive energy.
▪ Microclimate enhancement
▪ Unique and inspiring space to work
▪ Positive work environment.

ATTRACTIVE MICROCLIMATE INSPIRING SPACE POSITIVE WORK

CAMPUS - ENHANCEMENT TO WORK ENVIRONMENT
RECRUITMENT

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 CAMPUS
GUIDELINES OF CAMPUS DESIGN : DESIGN

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1.SITE LAYOUT :
a) Clustering of development within the campus core and loop road is encouraged to
promote workability, provide a variety of usable open spaces, and preserve
perimeter lands for future potential opportunities.
b) The campus should look for opportunities to establish vehicular and pedestrian
connections with adjacent properties to encourage convenience, amenities, and
positive synergies for its end user.
c) Develop a comprehensive network of varied open spaces that facilitate both formal
and informal interactions.
d) Design human-scaled spaces with spatial sensibilities that relate to the mass,
proportion, and size of surrounding buildings.
e) Make the campus inviting and transparent with a strong sense of arrival.
SITE LAYOUTS

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 CAMPUS
GUIDELINES OF CAMPUS DESIGN : DESIGN

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2.PEDESTRIAN & PUBLIC SPACES :

a) Pedestrian-friendly design elements should be incorporated throughout the campus,
including its surrounding parking lots and street crossings. Varying scales of plazas,
formal and informal gathering spaces, and amenities catering towards pedestrians are
encouraged to facilitate spontaneous interactions and a sense of community.
b) Pedestrian paths should be safe, attractive, and inviting and should provide direct
connections between places.
c) Informal, visible, and accessible plazas, courtyards, and outdoor gathering areas
should be provided in between buildings.
d) All street furniture (including benches, lighting, bollards, and waste receptacles)
should be consistent and complementary with the architectural style and quality of
the campus buildings.
e) Water features are encouraged in visually prominent and ―special ―locations as they
contribute to campus character and its sustainability.

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WATER- CARE , TRICHY

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CARE , TRICHY

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SCULPTURAL Sculptural elements are encouraged in
ELEMENT appropriate public areas as they enhance the
building and site design and also work as a
memory point.

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IIM - AHMEDABAD

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IIM – KOZHIKODE –JOSEPH ALLEN STEIN

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 CAMPUS
GUIDELINES OF CAMPUS DESIGN : DESIGN

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3. GATEWAYS AND ENTRANCES :

a) Entry features may include vertical elements, architectural details, and artistic
statements as appropriate to the scale and architectural style of the adjacent
buildings.

b) Features should be appropriately scaled, well designed, and constructed of high-

quality materials (such as natural stone or architectural metals)

c) Treatment of the gateway must distinguish its prominence from other entrances.

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 CAMPUS
GUIDELINES OF CAMPUS DESIGN : DESIGN

4. CONTEXT:
a) While creating a unique environment that has a strong and distinctive sense of place,
establishing a coherent yet identifiable landscape design of the campus as a whole.
b) Edges — define the edges of the campus as a whole, along with the perimeter of the
core campus, through planting of trees and other landscapes.
c) Entry —should seek to enhance the sense of arrival on campus through clearly a
articulated drifts of planting that frame the entry.

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CAMPUS LANDSCAPE GOALS :

“Landscape is the fabric that ties the campus together.”

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 CAMPUS
GOAL OF CAMPUS DESIGN : DESIGN

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USERS VISITORS

LEARN

WORK SOCIALISE
A)incorporate more sustainable landscapes Place making

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SSN CAMPUS , CHENNAI

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B)Pedestrian Oriented Campus - Pedestrian-Oriented — provide a
pedestrian-friendly campus that is shaded and easily navigable.

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Interconnectedness — an interconnected hierarchy of green spaces at a variety of
scales including major spaces, courtyards, walks, corridors, narrow corridors, and
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MAJOR SPACES

• Interdisciplinary Plaza — should locate at the heart of the campus, over

the footprint the Plaza is envisaged as the primary landscape space on
campus .The plaza will be ringed by buildings and may be ringed by a
series of shade structures.

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MAJOR SPACES

• Green Weave — The Green Weave ,major cross campus landscape move
that provides shade, seating, and recreational opportunities, and promotes
a strong sense of space and campus way finding.

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 MAJOR SPACES

• Parking Lots—Parking lots provide a

nucleus of activity for the campus
community and reinforce the sense
of arrival. When the opportunity
arises to address the existing parking
lots, these should be designed to
promote clear way finding from
individual parking stalls to the core
academic campus, and should be
planted with a minimum of 1 tree
per 10 stalls in order to reduce
reflective heat, provide enhanced
shade of pedestrian walkways and
parking stalls, and promote a clear
path from vehicle to front door.
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Landscape elements :

• Lighting — Light fixtures should provide consistency across the campus as

a whole and be located to enhance design of landscapes on the campus,
with Emphasis placed on high-use areas and those bounded by greater
building mass.

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Site Furniture — Site furniture should be
selected and provided to promote a
unified sense of community and public
gathering. These should be selected,
where necessary and desirable, to be
complementary to the campus
landscape as a whole.

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SIGNAGES— Wayfinding is a term that
refers to information systems to help
people navigate through complex built
environments and is therefore an
essential component of the overall
experience of the space.
In ordinary circumstances people rely
primarily on their intuition and familiarity
of space syntax for wayfinding.
However in more complex
environments visual cues such as maps,
directions, and symbols are crucial.
Such aids not only relieve stress but
contribute to a sense of well-being,
safety, and security associated with the
space.
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 CAMPUS
PROPER ORIENTATION OF BUILDINGS: DESIGN

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A)Proper orientation of buildings in relation to the sun can have a significant impact
on a building’s energy use. The ideal orientation is on an east-west axis with
rectangular proportion of 1(east-west) to between 1.5 and 2 (north south)

b) Visual connection to the exterior for building occupants should be a core design
element for future projects. On average, south facing glass should be 10-25% of the
floor area of each building.

c) Maximize south-facing glazing with sun screens can reduce solar heat gain and
increase day lighting and glare control.

d) The use of skylights (e.g. adjustable, conventional or tubular), view windows,

clerestories, light shelves and controlled lighting all contribute positively. The
Harvesting of solar energy through photovoltaics can help the campus to achieve
this goal. These can be utilized integrally in shade structures, as glazing screens, or
be self supported on the rooftops of future buildings and parking lots located
throughout the campus
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CAMPUS DESIGN - CONCLUSION

While planning campus we should follow urban planning principles like as vista, sky line,
view points, path, edges, and landmarks.Etc.

So, with the help of these principles we can create aesthetically good looking, functional,
economical and pleasant campus.
Celebrate the distinctive elements of the campus environment with imaginative ideas,
technologies, and processes.
It also Assure the development of a comprehensive program and the integration of
design aesthetics, functionality and flexibility, capital and life-cycle costs, and
sustainability.

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CAMPUS DESIGN - CONCLUSION

➢ plan for growth and unpredictable change

➢ On the other hand, their interest in designing for flexibility and growth, communication
networks,

➢ Integrate present and future needs and build into the existing fabric sensitively
➢ Promote a pedestrian friendly campus;

➢ Maintain the green character of the campus;

➢ Maintain identify of campus neighborhoods and promote sense of community.
➢ Build in an environmentally responsible manner.

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SITE ANALYSIS

The Process of Correlation of

available information of the
Site with relevance to its
suitability for the purpose.

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 FACTORS INVOLVED IN SITE ANALYSIS :

NATURAL FEATURES MAN MADE CULTURAL

FEATURES ASPECTS

Physical Environmental Architecture Parking History Present Aesthetic

Roadways Utilities Qualities
Charactersitics factors Sewage disposal
Use
- Structures 55
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Irrigation System
Natural Features :

Physical Charactersitics Environmental factors

( Terrain )

Contours Sorts Water Table Air Flow Humidity Temperature Solar

Exposure
SITE ANALYSIS
I.GENERAL SITE CONTENT

a. Geographic location, adjacent land use

patterns,
ACCESS SYSTEMS, NEARLY DESTINATIONS & FACILITIES, STABILITY OR
CHANGE IN DEVELOPMENT PATTERN.

b. Political jurisdictions, social structure of the

localities, population change in surrounding
areas.

c. Ecological &hydrographic system of the

region.

d. Nature of the area economy, other

proposals or Projects nearby & their effects on
the site.
SITE ANALYSIS
II . PHYSICAL DATA, SITE &
ADJACENT LAND
GEOLOGY & SOIL:

a. UNDERLYING GEOLOGY, ROCK CHARACTER

& DEPTH, FAULT LINES.

b. SOIL TYPES & DEPTH, VALUE AS EN EGG.

MATERIAL & AS A PLANT MEDIUM (PLANT &
SELECTION) PRESENCE OF HAZARDOUS
CHEMICALS OR CONTAMINANTS.

c. AREAS OF FILL OR LEDGE, LIABILITY TO SLIDES

OR SUBSIDENCE.
SITE ANALYSIS
2.Physical Data, Site & Adjacent Land
Water:

a. EXISTING WATER BODIES – VARIATION &

PURITY
b. NATURAL & MAN-MADE DRAINAGE
CHANNELS – FLOW CAPACITY, PURITY.
c. SURFACE DRAINAGE PATTERN – AMOUNT,
DIRECTION, BLOCKAGES, FLOOD ZONES,
UNDRAINED DEPRESSIONS, AREAS OF
CONTINUING EROSION.
d. WATER TABLE – ELEVATION & FLUCTUATION,
FLOW DIRECTIONS.
e. WATER SUPPLY – LOCATION, QUANTITY OR
QUALITY.
SITE ANALYSIS
2.Physical Data, Site & Adjacent Land
TOPOGRAPHY :

a. CONTOURS.
b. PATTERN OF LAND FORMS – TYPOLOGY,
SLOPES, CIRCULATION, POSSIBILITIES,
ACCESS POINTS, BARRIERS VISIBILITY.
c. UNIQUE FEATURES (WILL IT BE DAMAGED)
SITE ANALYSIS
2.Physical Data, Site & Adjacent Land
CLIMATE :

a. REGIONAL PATTERN OF TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY,

PRECIPITATION SUN ANGLES, CLOUDINESS, WIND
DIRECTION & SPEEDS.
b. LOCAL MICRO CLIMATE: WARM & COOL
SLOPES, WIND DEFLECTS & LOCAL BREEZE AIR
DRAINAGE, SHADE, AND HEAT REFLECTION &
STORAGE PLANT INDICATIONS.
c. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY, DUST, SWELLS, SOUNDS
LEVELS.
SITE ANALYSIS
2.Physical Data, Site & Adjacent Land
ECOLOGY :

a. DOMINANT PLANT & ANIMAL COMMUNITIES:

THEIR LOCATION & RELATIVE STABILITY, SELF
REGULATION & VULNERABILITY.
b. GENERAL PATTERN OF PLANT COVER, QUALITY
OF WOODED AREAS, WIND FIRMED
REGENERATION POTENT IONS.
c. SPECIMEN TREES – THEIR LOCATIONS, SPREAD,
SPECIES, AND ELEVATION AT BASE, WHETHER
UNIQUE OR UNDANGERED SUPPORT SYSTEM
NEEDED.
SITE ANALYSIS
II – MAN MADE FEATURES
LANDSCAPE:

a. 7 SENSORY QUALITIES
b. CHARACTER & RELATIONSHIP OF VISUAL SPACES
& SEQUENCE.
c. VIEW POINTS, VISTAS, FOCAL POINTS.
d. QUALITY & VARIATIONS OF LIGHT SOUND &
SWELL.
 SITE ANALYSIS
III – CULTURAL DATE, SITE

a. RESIDENT & USING POPULATIONS

a. NO: OF COMPOSITIONS, PATTERN OF CHANGE.

b. SOCIAL STRUCTURE, TIES, INSTITUTIONS.
c. ECONOMIC STATUS
d. ORGANISATION, LEADERSHIP, POLITICAL
PARTICIPATION

b. BEHAVIORS SETTINGS
c. NATURE, LOCATIONS, PARTICIPANTS, RHYTHM
STABILITY, CONFLICTS.
SITE ANALYSIS
III – CULTURAL DATE, SITE

SITE VALUES, RIGHTS, RESTRAINTS

a. Ownership, easements & other rights.

a. ZONING & OTHER REGULATIONS THAT
INFLUENCE SITE USE & CHARACTER.
b. ECONOMIC VALUE & HOW IT VARIES ACROSS
THE SITE.
c. ACCEPTED TERRITORIES.
SITE ANALYSIS
III – CULTURAL DATE, SITE

PAST & FUTURE :

a. History of the site & its visible factors.
b. Public & Private intention for future use of
site.

SITE CHARACTER & IMPACTS :

a. GROUP & INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION WITH

ASPECTS OF THE SITE.
b. HOW THE SITE IS ORGANIZED IN PEOPLES.
c. MEANINGS ATTACHED TO THE SITE, SYMBOLIC
ASSOCIATIONS.
d. HOPES, FEARS, WISHES.
SITE ANALYSIS
CORRELATION OF DATA:
CORRELATION OF DATA:

a. SUB DIVISIONS OF THE SITE, AREAS OF

CONSISTENT STRUCTURES.
b. CHARACTER, PROBLEMS.
c. IDENTIFICATION OF KEY POINTS, AXES BEST LEFT
UNDIVEL AREAS WHERE INTENSIVE
DEVELOPMENT IS POSSIBLE.
d. ONGOING CHANGES & THOSE LIKELY TO
OCCUR WITHOUT INTERVENTION – THE DYNAMIC
ASPECTS OF THE SITE
e. TIES TO CONTEXT CURRENT & POSSIBLE
LINKAGES, AREAS WHERE CONSISTENT USES ARE
DESIRABLE, PATTERNS OF MOVEMENTS TO BE
PRESERVED.
f. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS &
POTENTIALS, SUMMARY OF +IVE & -IVE
POTENTIALS OF THE SITE.
PARKS
➢ A park is an area of
natural, semi-natural or
planted space set aside for
human enjoyment
and recreation or for the
protection of wildlife or
natural habitats.

➢ Urban parks are green

spaces set aside for
recreation inside towns
and cities.

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 CLASSIFICATION OF PARKS

MINI PARKS NEIGHBOURHOOD COMMUNITY SPECIAL USE OPEN

PARKS PARKS PARKS LANDS

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 Reference Only

Addison Park District

▪ As a means of organizing the public open space facilities found in the
Addison Park District, the park areas are classified according to a
hierarchy that provides for a comprehensive system of interrelated
parks. All parks can be placed into specific categories or
classifications. Some parks that meet neighborhood needs and have
specialized amenities could be placed into more than one
classification, but are placed in the classification that meets the
broadest definitionDefinitions for the classification of parks and facilities
are generally based upon the National Recreation and Park
Association (NRPA) guidelines, but are refined to address the specific
needs of the Addison Park District and its residents.
▪ The criteria used to define each of the open space and park
categories are described below.

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MINI PARK:

• Mini Parks are specialized

facilities that serve a
concentrated or limited
population area, or that serve a
specific function or age group.
Examples of amenities found in
mini parks include
playground/tot lot equipment,
benches, picnic tables,
gazebos, ornamental
landscape features, etc.

Mini Parks could have amenities that draw people from a greater area,
but typically serve an area within a ¼ mile radius.
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MINI PARK :

PARK SIZE Because of the specialized nature of these parks, they usually
range in size from only 2500 square feet up to 1 acre. 72
 NEIGHBOURHOOD PARK :

• The Neighborhood Park remains the basic unit of the park system and
serves as the recreational and social focus of the neighborhood.

• Generally designed with a focus on informal active and passive recreation

that serves neighborhood recreation needs, area is provided for
recreational activities such as field games, court games, picnicking and
playground areas.

• Many neighborhood parks may also contain athletic fields that are used
by community athletic organizations, thus serving the community as a
whole.

• SERVICE AREA :

• Neighborhood Parks serves an area within a ¼ to ½ mile radius

uninterrupted by major roads or other barriers.
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NEIGHBOURHOOD PARK :

PARK SIZE 5 to 10 acres is

considered optimal, though
only five of the APD
Neighborhood Parks fall within
this range.
One to two acres are
standard for every 1000
residents served.

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 COMMUNITY PARK :
▪ Community Parks are diverse in nature, serving a
broader purpose than the neighborhood or mini
parks.
▪ While community parks may include
neighborhood park amenities, and do act as
neighborhood parks as well, the focus of a
community park is on meeting community-
based recreation, athletics and open space
needs. These parks may contain significant
athletic complexes, aquatic amenities, walking
paths, picnic areas and various other active and
passive amenities depending upon community
needs and site suitability.
▪ In some cases, a park with only a single athletic
field that provides a venue for community
athletic organizations may fall into this category
regardless of its small size. The Community Park
may also be the venue of an activity or amenity
that has broad community appeal but does not
fit the Special Use designation.
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COMMUNITY PARK :

PARK SIZE:
▪ 25.0 acres or more are preferred, but special amenities of community
interest or athletic fields that provide for the community as a whole may
be on much smaller sites. The traditional Community Park contains five to
eight acres for every 1000 residents served.

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SPECIAL USE PARK :

Special Use Parks :

▪ Special Use Parks cover a
broad range of specialized
park and recreation facilities,
often with a single major use.
Golf courses, historical sites,
community center sites, theme
parks, water parks and other
special use facilities fall into this
category. These parks may also
include neighborhood or
community park elements, but
with amenities that have a
regional appeal to visitors from
outside the boundaries of the
Park District.

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 OPEN LANDS

• OPEN LANDS
• DEFINED Open Land sites are properties
designated as parks that have few or no
built amenities, but provide natural areas or
open space that can be utilized for passive
recreation.
• These parks may have a trail, picnic tables
and benches, but are dominated by open
areas for the enjoyment of nature, fishing or
other similar activities.
• While many park and recreation agencies
may categorize stormwater management
sites as ‘special use’, they may also be
categorized as Open Lands.

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 OPEN LANDS:

• SERVICE AREA
• Undefined, as they do not serve a population, but rather a
resource.
• DESIRABLE SIZE
• Open lands can be of any size, though smaller sites do not provide
the open space intent of larger sites. In the case of natural areas, it
is important to include enough land to protect the resource in an
adequate manner.
• APD OPEN LANDS
• Three APD parks and facilities are classified as Open Lands. Two of
the parks provide an urban escape with natural areas, wetlands
and trails. The third is a stormwater retention site that offers no
other recreation amenities
• Army Trail Nature Center 17.85 acres
• Lake Manor Park South 12.98 acres
• Westridge Pond 3.50 acres

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PARK DESIGN - PRINCIPLES:

A Focal Point – used to draw people in to the Park.

a.“Spaces” are needed to keep people in the Park.

b.Different Spaces – contain – different types of activities for everyone.

c.E.g. People are most likely to stay in a Park – can play in a fountain, sit
around & play music.

d.Spaces will improve – the social atmosphere within the park.

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PARK DESIGN - PRINCIPLES:
e.Access & Linkage – important topics – a Park Design.

f.Restoring – a Park is also important.

g.Spaces – be beautified by rebuilding them, whether it be replanting an

area, rebuilding a pathway, or even fixing up an old structure.

h.By Revitalizing a space, it enhances the overall aura of the environment &
surrounding spaces

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PARK DESIGN – CHARACTERISTICS:
•The Park is a well-used place.
•People of different ages, genders & backgrounds – use park on a regular basis
during all parts of the day, week & year.
•A Good Park – visible & easy access by various means of transportation.
•A Park should be comfortable, with a good image and possess (seating,
information, food concessions, bike racks & bulletin boards)
•These Elements make a Park not only attractive but entering for people of all
ages.
•A park should be a sociable place where people go to observe the passing
scene, meet friends, & interact with a wide range of people different form
themselves.

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PARK DESIGN – ELEMENTS:
Ideal Park Elements :
•Access & Circulation – A park should allow people alternative choices of
movement to provide physical permeability.
•Visibility – A park should also allow for visual permeability allowing people
to see in & out of an area.
•Lighting –Improves the night time legibility, use & enjoyment of a site.
•Diversity – Parks should provide variety in physical features, activities, &
users.
•Signage & park information.
•Discourage Isolation encourage sociability.

Accessibility :
•To create an accessible park, we must look at its connection to its
surroundings both physical & visual.
• Place should have sidewalks leading to and form where people want to
go, & should be fairly easy for people to walk to enter the site.

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PARK DESIGN – FACILITIES :

Amphitheaters:

•Should be located in an area that naturally

accommodates an amphitheater & requires the
least amount of grading.
•Is protected form the sun by trees
•Offers scenic views
•Is lighted for eventing use
•Have access aisles with an 8’ minimum width
•Optimum orientation for afternoon use has
audience facing north to northeast

Interpretive Sign/ Trails:

• Help visitors enjoy the park through better

understanding & appreciation of its purposes &
resources
• Increase knowledge of ecology & the role in
the natural environment
• Help visitors develop interest in past history
• Gives practical geographic & directional 88

information
PARK DESIGN – FACILITIES :

Park Facilities :

Picnic Areas:
•They are located near areas with a high concentration of activities in order
to allow for visual participation and access by car.

•Alternative Picnic areas should be located in naturalized parts of the park

•All Picnic areas should be paved with hard surface materials in order to
facilitate easy access & maintenance.

Athletic Fields/Courts
•Open space or designated fields should accommodate sports (football,
baseball & softball, soccer, volleyball, basketball & tennis)

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SITE PLANNING NEIGHBOURHOOD PARK :
• Defined as Parks that are approximately 2 hectares, which provide a
landscaped environment with some nature conservation interest & with
arrange of facilities –children’s area, sit out areas & gardens.
• Parks are identified as suitable for pedestrian visits especially are elderly
people & children.
• They have an important environmental role for the local community &
can positively contribute to the quality of life of people living nearby.

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SITE PLANNING- NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS :

•Comfort – the most important aspect of the four requirements.

a.Uses& activities – important to consider because with design u can
accommodate for the activities that we want to happen.

b.The last element that needs to be designed for is sociability.

c.A park to be successful – there must be certain activities that take place
this includes both passive & active activities.

d.A park needs certain elements to be successful-

• Seating-Plaza-Walkways-Vegetation
• Water Features-Shelter
• Space-Signage
• Trash Receptacles-Parking
• Rest Rooms-Public Art
• Access-Crosswalks
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• 3 main forms of circulation within parks-
• Vehicular
• Pedestrian
• Maintenance
• Vehicular Circulation Issues

o Protect resources
o Have a large impact on use & maintenance
o Can control & channel movement throughout the park
o Can be dangerous to the recreational setting
o Helps to separate vehicular traffic form pedestrian & bicycle traffic.

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 4 MAJOR PARK ROAD CONFIGURATIONS :

Spinal Configuration
This always offers more than one entrance to the park, but usually divides it
into 2 halves.

Peripheral Configuration
The road is located near the park boundary, with activities located to one
side.

Terminating Configuration (Cul-de-sac) :

The road provides one entrance into the park, and often ends in a parking lot
area.

Loop Configuration :
Loop roads are often for internal circulation within the park & consists of several
loops or an open loop form.

95
96
SITE PLANNING- NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS :

Road Width
When planning road width, traffic volume must be taken into
consideration. One-way single lane roads should have a minimum 10’
width. Two-way roads should have a minimum 20’ width.

Parking Lots :

o Countless types of parking lot & stall designs.

o 90’ parking stalls will always afford the most number of parking spaces.
o At least 5% of parking will accommodate handicapped parking.
o Handicapped parking stalls must be clearly marked, with a minimum
width of 8’ & adjacent 5’ aisle for accessibility
o Shade trees are an important part of parking lot design in area with warm
to hot summers.
o They will improve aesthetics while providing much needed shade for cars.
o A goal of 50% shade cover 10 years after construction is a suitable goal.

97
SITE PLANNING- NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS :

Pedestrian Circulation :

a. Walks: these are utilitarian support routes & provide access to main areas
throughout the park. Minimum width for wheelchair access is 6’

b. Trails: they are narrower & less formal than walks. They are well -suited to
hiking & mountain biking.

c. Paths: these are considered a compromise between walks & trails, and
are informal in design.

98
SITE PLANNING- NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS :

Maintenance Circulation :

a. These are necessary in Parks of almost any size.

b. It will increase the efficiency of maintenance & can serve the dual
purpose of providing the infrequently needed access for emergency
vehicles

99
SITE PLANNING – NEIGHBOURHOOD PARKS :
Accessory Park Facilities include:

Lighting: is necessary for the safety of people, the security of property & in
the emergency of power failure.

Light fixtures are available in many forms & styles.

Drinking Fountains: this should be conveniently located & sanitary. An
artistic flair can add much character to the simple necessities of light
fixtures & drinking fountains.
Restrooms: this also should be conveniently located, especially capacity, &
must be conveniently located to encourage use.
Parkscape :
The atmosphere of the park, including visual appearances & aesthetics.
Some ways to create a pleasing parkscape are
•Screening undesirable areas (dumpsters, utility, sheds, etc)
•Using plants that harmonize with the existing vegetation.
•Use views & open spaces to create a visual experience for roads &
trails.
•Buffer areas against noise pollution (parking lot or highway noise) 100
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PARK AND CRITERIA FOR SITE PLANNING

101
CHILDREN ???

102
PLAY SPACES :

• Play spaces, in simple terms,are spaces where

children play

• Thus, there is a need for quality outdoor spaces for children

comprises of a number of play opportunities.

Play opportunities can take the form of manufactured equipment,

naturally occurring opportunities within the landscape, or
opportunities for interaction with others.
• It is a well accepted principle in early childhood education that
children learn best through free play and discovery.

103
Hedge is a row of bushes or trees planted close together at the edge of a garden or a field to
separate one piece of land from another.
Paddling pool - a shallow artificial pool for children to paddle in.
Play spaces in apartments and group housing can consist of the following: The

play space
➢ It should be focussed less on play equipment and more on spaces for group activities.

➢ This is because it is a v ery intensively used space and children like to have v ariety in their play
spaces.
➢ Tracks for bicycling
➢ Space for ball games
➢ Seating areas for elders especially grandparents can be included
➢ The play space here should be a combination of all kinds of play catering to all age groups
➢ The space should be so located that it does not conflict with vehicular circulation and
parking.
➢
This is because in apartments children mostly use the space with little superv ision
➢ Play activ ity takes place mostly in the evenings
Play equipment is mostly used by the younger children and the older children prefergroup games
 Components of the play space

Natural elements -

Sand, water, etc

Manufactured

zplay equipment

Freestanding

structures

Composite

structures
Brainstorming Session
1.List the organization of spaces in a master plan?
 ORGANISATION OF SPACES IN A
CAMPUS

CENTRAL COMMUNAL/ PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL STREETSCAPI REMEDIATION SPORTS ATHLETIC

GATHERING SOCIAL OUTDOOR COURTYARDS NG & AREAS FIELD PARKS
SPACE CORRIDORS ROOMS BUFFER

122
2.What is the purpose of Campus Planning?
 ATTRACTIVE MICROCLIMATE INSPIRING SPACE POSITIVE WORK
CAMPUS - ENHANCEMENT TO WORK ENVIRONMENT
RECRUITMENT
3.What is Site Planning ?
• Site Planning
• The Art of Arranging Structures
or the Land shaping the
spaces between the
structures.
4.What is Site Analysis ?
• The Process of Correlation of
available information of the
Site with relevance to its
suitability for the purpose.
6.List the classification of Parks ?
 CLASSIFICATION OF PARKS

MINI PARKS NEIGHBOURHOOD COMMUNITY SPECIAL USE OPEN

PARKS PARKS PARKS LANDS

130
7.Mention the three major spaces in a Campus Design ?
• Interdisplinary Plaza
• Green Weave
• Parking Lots
8.List the factors involved in the site analysis?
 FACTORS INVOLVED IN SITE ANALYSIS :

NATURAL FEATURES MAN MADE CULTURAL

FEATURES ASPECTS

Physical Environmental Architecture Parking History Present Aesthetic

Roadways Utilities Qualities
Charactersitics factors Sewage disposal
Use
- Structures 134 134
Irrigation System
9.Mention the key points to be remembered when you
plan a Campus for its future ?
• Green character
• Sustainable neighbourhood
• Pedestrian friendly campus
10.What are play spaces? Describe its need?
 PLAY SPACES :

• Play spaces, in simple terms, are spaces

where children play

• Thus, there is a need for quality outdoor spaces for children

comprises of a number of play opportunities.

Play opportunities can take the form of manufactured equipment,

naturally occurring opportunities within the landscape, or
opportunities for interaction with others.
• It is a well accepted principle in early childhood education that
children learn best through free play and discovery.
11.Mention the Park Design Principles ?
 Park Design - Principles:

A Focal Point – used to draw people in to the Park.

a.“Spaces” are needed to keep people in the Park.

b.Different Spaces – contain – different types of activities for everyone.

c.E.g. People are most likely to stay in a Park – can play in a fountain, sit
around & play music.

d.Spaces will improve – the social atmosphere within the park.

140
 Park Design - Principles:

e.Access & Linkage – important topics – a Park Design.

f.Restoring – a Park is also important.

g.Spaces – be beautified by rebuilding them, whether it be replanting an

area, rebuilding a pathway, or even fixing up an old structure.

h.By Revitalizing a space, it enhances the overall aura of the environment &
surrounding spaces

141
12.What are the passive out door rooms in a open
space in a master plan ?
▪ Passive solar design
refers to the use of the
sun’s energy for the
heating and cooling
of living spaces by
exposure to the sun.
13.What are the design goals for a park design?
Accessibility
Pedestrain friendly
focus
14.What does the mini park & neighbourhood park
classification include?
Information
CARE , TRICHY:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEngfuE0kfo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ak3r2ZNunfM
IIM , KOZHIKODE :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMwBgH
9CAJY
IIM , CALCUTTA :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Byvrqzlud7A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Vgh-RiPtUc
Children Park India Gate New Delhi ll India Gate Children Park Delhi:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxvEM1H8Q-A
THANK YOU

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