Continuing of Chaos: Unraveling the Academic Struggles in Bachelor of Technical-

Vocational Teacher Education due to Time Management Deficiencies

Rationale:
Time management is critical to student success and achievement. It becomes a skill that

allows students to make better use of their time. Students who handle their time efficiently can

complete things in less time. Throughout the school year, students' time is taken by a heavy

burden of schoolwork, habits, and learning. Students who are unable to plan and manage their

time for each activity and task may suffer from poor academic achievement. Time management

refers to the capacity to set aside time to finish a task. We can identify time that is not used by

analyzing the manner in which we spend our time. We will earn precious time if we use several

efficient techniques (Bharathi, T et al., 2004). Time is able to handle it, hence the word "time

management" shouldn't be missed. Time, in truth, cannot be controlled. The author indicates time

management that humans have to handle lives in accordance with the passage of time. Self-

management is synonymous with time management. The abilities that People require are the

same talents that are required to manage others. required for self-management, particularly the

ability to organize, lead, and maintain command.

Smith described time as "a continuous process through which events occur." connecting

the past to the present to the future." (Murthy, 2006). According to Peter F. Drucker (1909-

2005), "time is the leader's scarcest tool; when it cannot be controlled, no other asset may be

handled" (Alex, 2009). Smith observed, the act of controlling what happens to you refers to

managing your time and preventing your time implies controlling what happens in your life"

(Murthy, 2006). The Value of Time Management Students have extremely hectic and stressful

lives given that they attend lectures, complete homework, and study for tests. Furthermore,
they're accustomed to their own routines and ways of life which are crucial for striking the right

balance between academic and other interests.

A. Objectives of the Study

This study aims to identify the impact of poor time management deficiencies on

student’s academic performances.

Specifically, the study aims to attain the following.

1. Determine the Demographic Profile of the students in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 General Weighted Average on 1st Semester of A.Y 2023-2024

2. Identify the factors contributing to poor time management skills in the academic context

in terms of:

2.1 Social Factors

2.2 Economic Factors

2.3 Cultural Factors

3. Determine common challenges and barriers students face in managing their time

effectively in terms of:

3.1 Lack of Time Awareness

3.2 Lack of Motivation

3.3 Lack of Prioritization

4. Design and create time management solutions targeted to the needs of the Bachelor of

Technical-Vocational Teacher Education at Dalubhasaan ng Lungsod ng Lucena.

Time Management

Time management is an ability that must be acquired and developed. If you are unsure

about the abilities required for managing your time, or if you tried to master these skills but

continue to experience extreme stress and imbalance, it might be beneficial to seek assistance

from a professional. However, finding time to complete everything at once, on the other hand,

can be difficult and impossible. This is where solid time management abilities are put to use.

This can be considered an ability that students must acquire. In order to be more successful and

efficient, they must adopt the essential techniques and strategies. These abilities enable students

to think carefully and prioritize upcoming duties and occurrences. This is crucial in keeping

students focused and preventing delay, which leads to academic achievement. Britton and Tesser

(2018) state that. Every student must not just understand but also practice time management. A

lot of college students worry about being out of their time whenever assigned work; this makes

them frustrated since they're unable to complete it within the due date. Time management is

critical, particularly for college students, as it improves academics and increases efficiency

(Laurie & Hellsten, 2019). According to Aduke (2018), time management is the practice of

organizing, planning, arranging, and evaluating the time one has in order to create more effective

and productive work.

Academic Performance

Elizabeth and Sinaga (2022) state that. Academic performance is significant for students as

an outcome of their time in college since it represents their understanding, skills, and attitudes.

Academic performance is among the most important variables in predicting how students
perform in their future careers. According to (William, E. 2018) People frequently associate

"academic performance" with a student's GWA. Several indicators reflect a student's academic

achievement. While others might not graduate at the top of their class, they might hold positions

of responsibility in many student organizations or perform well on exams. When measuring

academic achievement, people frequently prioritize grades. This includes schools that rank

students based on their GWA, providing distinctions such as valedictorian and salutatorian

to students who graduate in the top two places from their class, respectively. Academic

performance can be described as transferring students on scholarship to colleges to study

multiple subjects and certificates, that are coordinated by an agency of the government or any of

the various educational bodies (Campbell, & Neff, 2020; Latief, & Lefen, 2018). Throughout the

learning process, many obstacles have been identified as barriers for these students in finishing

their educational path and gaining educational certifications; therefore, we spent this post

shedding light on some of the most prominent concerns encountered by academic achievement

students. Knowledge is produced not only by traditional educational institutions, but also well as

by neighbors, communities, and peers. Social, economic, and cultural influences all have an

impact on study and, as a result, academic accomplishment (Farah, 2021).

C. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Theoretical Framework

TIME MANAGEMENT
DEFICIENCES

Missed Deadlines Academic Struggles

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework adopted from “3-factors

theory” by Britton and Tesser (1991)

The “3 factors” by Britton and Tesser (1991), will be used as a theoretical framework of

the study.

Britton and Tesser (1991), have shown that time-management practices influence college

achievement and there is a relationship between time-management deficiencies and students'

academic struggles. It says that poor punctuality, academic struggles, and missed deadlines are

the factors of time management deficiency that affect the academic performances of the students.

Therefore, the researcher adopted the 3 factors theory since the objective of the study is to

find out any significant correlation between the impact of poor time management deficiencies on

student’s academic performances.

Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Time-Management Deficiencies Academic Struggles

Bachelor of Technical-Vocational Teacher Education due to Time Management Deficiencies as a

basis to a daily routine action plan for students that identifies tasks where they spend too much

energy while adding meaning to their academic goals.

The schematic diagram shows the independent variable of the study, which is the factor

that affects student academic performance and academic achievement.

In addition, the academic struggles of a Bachelor of Technical-Vocational Teacher

Education will serve as the dependent variable of the study.

As a result, after figuring out if there is a significant connection between student academic

struggles between time-management deficiencies of Bachelor of Technical-Vocational Teacher

Education students, an action plan will be developed that shows how to identify tasks where they

spend too much energy while adding meaning to their academic goals.

D. Research Methodology

Locale of the Study

The research locale of the study is in Dalubhasaan ng Lungsod ng Lucena (DLL) formerly

known as Lucena City College residing at City Hall Annex Compound Brgy. Isabang Lucena

City. DLL is the first local college in Quezon province to provide free and quality tertiary
education. It is operated, managed, and supported by the city government of Lucena. The

researcher chose Dalubhasaan ng Lungsod ng Lucena because this is where the research studies

This study will be composed of seventy-two (72) students coming from second-year

students of Bachelor of Technical-Vocational Teacher Education, Academic Year 2023-2024.

Research Design

The descriptive approach will be used by the researcher to create a particular and clear

study on the "Continuing of Chaos: Unraveling the Academic Struggles in Bachelor of

Technical-Vocational Teacher Education due to Time Management Deficiencies." It had been

chosen since descriptive research best conveys what it is. This provides an answer to the query of

what/who/when the activities happened. To be able to conduct research, data must be analyzed,

described, and interpreted.

Population and Sampling

For assurance of good information, and effective and truthful results of this study, the researcher

will use a systematic sampling technique where she will select the respondents and they are the

second-year Bachelor of Technical-Vocational Teacher Education students in Dalubhasaan ng

Lungsod ng Lucena. It means systematic sampling is a statistical method involving the selection

of elements from an ordered sampling frame. These respondents gave their knowledge and

expertise on their academic struggles because of their time-management deficiencies.

Research Instrument

The questionnaire is the main instrument used by the researcher in gathering the data

needed in this study. The questionnaire is a set of orderly arranged questions that were carefully
prepared by the researcher to be answered by the respondents. The questionnaire was designed to

collect data, facts, and information regarding time management that affects students’ academic

performances. The researcher administered the questionnaire to determine the demographic

profile of Bachelor of Technical-Vocation Teacher Education (BTVTEd) students in terms of

age, gender, and general weighted average in the 1st semester A.Y. 2023-2024.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher will prepare the questionnaires, which are going to be verified by

specialists in the subject. The responses to the questionnaire will be validated with the consent of

the individual administrators and teachers. Modifications are going to be implemented after

validation. Once the questionnaires have been approved, the researcher needs to get authorization

from the program head of the Bachelor of Technical-Vocational Teacher Education or the

individual in charge. The questionnaires will be handled by the researcher, who is going to

require each respondent to answer every question honestly while upholding total confidentiality.

The questionnaire respondents' replies to every single question are going to be recorded and

utilized to collect data that can be evaluated and understood.

Statistical Treatment of Data

A set of Statistical tools was used to present, analyze, and interpret the data that has been

gathered using the questionnaires.

Weighted Mean

To find the reason why academic procrastination affects student behavior and academic
achievement. The researcher used the weighted mean. The formula to get the weighted mean:
 ∑ xw
x=
Σw
Where: X̅ = mean
x = measurement of value
w = weight

Pearson-r

Pearson R was also used to determine whether there is a significant association between

academic procrastination, student behavior, and the academic achievement of BTVTEd students.

The formula is as listed below:

∑ fxy−∑ xΣy
r=
√ [ ∑ fΣ x −( Σx ) ] [ Σf ∑ y −( ∑ y ) ]
2 2 2 2

Where: ∑f = summation of frequency

∑xy = sum of the product of the paired scores

∑x = sum of the x scores ∑ x 2 = sum of squared x scores

∑y = sum of the y scores ∑ y 2 = sum of squared 7 scores

Pearson r Verbal Description

1 Perfect

0.75 – 0.99 Very High

0.50 – 0.74 Moderately High

0.25 – 0.49 Moderately Low

0.01 – 0.25 Very Low

0 No Correlation
References:

Bharathi, T. et al. (2004). Time Management and Academic Achievement of Higher Secondary

Students. Retrieved from ERIC: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1097402.pdf

Britton, B.K., and Tesser, A. (2018). A study on university student’s time management and

academic achievement. Retrieved from ResearchGate:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321261378_A_study_on_university_student's_time_m

anagement_and_academic_achievement

Laurie, A., and Hellsten, M. (2019). Path Relationship of Time Management and Academic

Achievement of Students in Distance Learning Institutions. Retrieved from ERIC:

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1266710.pdf

Elizabeth, E., and Sinaga, M. (2022). Academic interest determines the academic performance of

undergraduate accounting students: Multinomial logit evidence. Retrieved from ResearchGate:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362292755_Academic_interest_determines_the_acade

mic_performance_of_undergraduate_accounting_students_Multinomial_logit_evidence

William, E., (2018). Satisfaction of Students and Academic Performance in Benadir University.

Retrieved from ERIC: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1112855.pdf