PLANT MONITORING SYSTEM

A Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
Requirements for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (COMPUTER SCIENCE)

By

SHREERAM SANAT MISHRA

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mrs. Vaishali Shindekar
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

SONOPANT DANDEKAR ARTS, V.S. APTE COMMERCE & M.H.
MEHTA SCIENCE COLLEGE
(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
PALGHAR 401404
MAHARASHTRA
2021
 SONOPANT DANDEKAR SHIKSHAN MANDALI’S
SONOPANT DANDEKAR ARTS, V.S. APTE COMMERCE & M.H.
MEHTA SCIENCE COLLEGE
(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

PALGHAR MAHARASHTRA 401404

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “Plant Monitoring System” is bonafied work of
SHREE RAM MISHRA bearing Seat. No: 66032 submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE in COMPUTER
SCIENCE

Internal Guide Coordinator

External Examiner

Date: College Seal

 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitled, “Automatic Irrigation System” done at
SDSM College, has not been in any case duplicated to submit to any other university for the
award of any degree. To the best of my knowledge other than me, no one has submitted to any
other university.
The project is done in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (COMPUTER SCIENCE) to be submitted as final semester
project as part of our curriculum.

SHREERAM SANAT MISHRA

 ABSTRACT
Now a days its a challenge to improve development of plant in respect of its growth and to
reduce costs which leads to an innovative idea of using an automated irrigation system which
will further help in better management of water and human resources. An automated irrigation
system have been developed using sensors technology with Arduino to efficiently utilize
water for irrigation purpose. The system has soil moisture sensor inserted into the soil of the
plants and a water level sensor placed in a water container from where water will be pumped
to plants for irrigation. An algorithm has been build out with threshold values of soil moisture
sensor to control the water quantity in soil and also a water level sensor has been implemented
to measure the water level in tank. This project requires Arduino board having inbuilt
ATMega328 microcontroller. This project is need of the hour to convert manual irrigation
into an automated irrigation which with the help of soil moisture sensor will detect dankness
content of soil leading to turn ON/OFF of solenoid valve.
Human efforts can be reduced using this technique and increase saving of water by efficiently
irrigating the plants. The design has been made with better resource management and low
power consumption. This project brings into play a micro-controller which is of 8051 family,
this programmable micro-controller collects the input signals converted into values of
moisture in the soil via soil moisture sensors.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be incomplete without mentioning all those people
who made it possible, the constant and encouragement, crowns the effort with success.
I wish many thanks to our Head of Department Mrs. Rashmi Varade for providing guidance
throughout the course and all those who have indirectly guided and helped us in preparation of
this project.
I express my thanks to my project guide Mrs. Vaishali Shindekar for this constant motivation
and valuable help through the project work.
I am indebted to my well-wishers and friends who encourage me in successful completion of
the project.

SHREERAM SANAT MISHRA

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 6

1.1 Background 6

1.2 Objectives Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3 Purpose, Scope, Applicability Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3.1. Purpose Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3.2 Scope 7

1.3.3 Application 7

1.4 Achievement 7

1.5 Organization of report 8

2 SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGIES 9

3 REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS 10

3.1 Problem Definition 10

3.2 Requirements Specification 10

3.2.1 Arduino Uno R3 10

3.2.2 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic 11

3.2.3 Mic Sensor 11

3.2.4 GSM Module 12

3.2.5 Cables & Connectors 13

3.2.6 4V Battery 13

3.3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING 14

3.4 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 15

3.4.1 Hardware Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.2 Software 15

3.5 PRELIMINARY PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 15

3.5.1 3*4 matrix keypad Error! Bookmark not defined.

 3.5.2 Servo motor Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.5.3 16*2 LCD display Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.6 CONCEPTUAL MODELS 16

4 SYSTEM DESIGN 19

4.1 BASIC MODULES 19

4.1.1Objectives Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.2 Complete problem statement: Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.3 Evaluate problem definition: Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2 DATA DESIGN 19

4.2.1 Schema Design 19

4.3 PROCEDURAL DESIGN Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.1 Logic Diagrams Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.2 Data Structures Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.3 Algorithms Design Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.4 USER INTERFACE DESIGN Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.5 SECURITY ISSUES Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.6 TEST CASES DESIGN Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.6.1 Testing approach Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.6.2 Test cases Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.6.3 Unit testing Error! Bookmark not defined.

5 IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING 23

5.1 Implementation Approaches 23

5.2 Coding Details and Code Efficiency 23

5.2.1 Code Efficiency 25

5.3 Testing Approach 25

5.3.1 Unit Testing 25

5.3.2 Integrated Testing 27

 5.4 Modifications and Improvements 29

5.5 Test Cases 30

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 31

6.1 Test Reports 31

6.1.1 Problematic situation and Solutions 32

6.2 User Documentation 32

7 CONCLUSIONS 34

7.1 Conclusion 34

7.1.1 Significance of the System 35

7.2 Limitations of the System 35

7.3 Future Scope of the Project 36

 TABLE OF FIGURES

Fig 3. 01: Node Mcu ESP8266.

Fig 3. 02: Soil Moisture Sensor.
Fig 3. 03: Solenoid Valve.
Fig 3. 04: Relay Module.
Fig 3. 05: Cables & Connectors.
Fig 3. 06: 12 V Adaptor.
Fig 3. 07: Gantt chart.
Fig 3. 08: System Flow Chart.
Fig 3. 09: Activity Diagram
Fig 3. 10: Class Diagram
Fig 4. 01: Logic Digram
Fig 4. 02: User interface
Fig 5. 01: Soil Moisture Sensor Testing
Fig 5. 02: Relay Module Testing
Fig 5. 03: Solenoid Valve Testing
Fig 5. 04: Integrated system Testing
Fig 5. 05: Test case 1
Fig 5. 06: Test case 2
Fig 6. 01: Working of soil moisture sensor
Fig 6. 02: Working of Relay Module
Fig 6. 03:Working Solenoid Valve
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background

Nowadays Technology has become an important part of life. To make work

easier people are looking for new technologies due to day to day increasing problems
or to make their lifestyle easy. In such condition Information Technology (IT) has
major role to develop new things or to introduce technology in our life, IT has done
important contribution to help us in many ways.
We also know how important farmers are they play an important role for us
whole country is depended on them so make their work easy we are using Arduino
for farming not only farming but also for day to day gardening .
The main purpose of project is to save both time as well as water. The main
aim of this project was to provide water to the plants or gardening automatically using
microcontroller (Arduino Uno). We can automatically watering the plants when we
are going on vacation or don’t we have to bother my neighbors, Sometimes the
neighbors do too much of watering and the plants end up dying anyway. There are
timer based devices available in India which waters the soil on set interval. They do
not sense the soil moisture and the ambient temperature to know if the soil actually
needs watering or not.

1.2 Objective:
➢ Home automation now becomes an essential part of IOT applications.
➢ Monitor the moisture content of the soil using a soil moisture sensor.
➢ Turn the motor ON when the soil moisture falls below a certain reference value
and if there is enough water in the tank.
➢ In this IOT project, we will control the water flow using Arduino with the help
of moisture sensor.
➢ We also can control the things such as relay modules to on and off.

1.3 Purpose, Scope, Applicability

⮚ Purpose:
An automatic irrigation system does the operation of a system without requiring
manual involvement of persons. Every irrigation system such as drip, sprinkler and
surface gets automated with the help of electronic appliances and detectors such as
computer
1.3.2 Scope

Day by day, the field of electronics is blooming and have caused great impact on
Human beings. The project which is to be implemented is an automated irrigation method
and has a huge scope for future development. The project can be extended to green houses
where manual supervision is far and few in between. The principle can be extended to
create fully automated gardens and farmlands.

Combined with the principle of rain water harvesting, it could lead to huge water savings
if applied in the right manner. In agricultural lands with severe shortage of rainfall, this
model can be successfully applied to achieve great results with most types of soil.
This project uses temperature and soil moisture sensors to detect the water quantity present
in agriculture. The project uses Arduino micro controller which is controller to process the
information. The aim of the implementation was to demonstrate that the automatic
irrigation can be used to reduce water use.

1.3.3 Application

The circuit can be used to measure the loss of moisture in the soil over time due to
evaporation and intake. Minimizes water waste and improves plant growth. The circuit is
designed to work automatically and hence, there is no need for any human intervention.

1.4 Achievement
The project uses Arduino micro controller which is controller to process the information.
The aim of the implementation was to demonstrate that the automatic irrigation can
be used to reduce water use. By using the concept of modern irrigation system a farmer
can save water up to 50%.
The proposed system is developed to automatically water the plants when the soil
moisture sensor has detected the soil is insufficient of water by using the Arduino.
1.5 Organization of report
The project discusses the overview of the project including background, objectives,
achievements, etc. of the project. The project focuses to provide mentioned objectives and
goals. The survey of technology from various research papers and projects already
existing is done. The project defines the study of existing system and identifying the
problems in existing system and requirement analysis to implement new functional
requirements of the project.
Providing the extra features like replacing the pump with solenoid valve which connect to
the water filter inlet pipe for input of the water. Which save the electricity i.e. pump run
on the AC (220volts) Power which take more energy and solenoid valve run on DC power
of 24 volts. So solenoid valve if efficient any more compatible
There are various test case designs to enhance the system performance and minimize
security issues.
 Chapter 2

SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGIES
[1] Y. Kim and R. G. Evans, ―Software design for wireless sensor-based site-specific
irrigation, Compute. Electron. Agriculte., vol. 66, no.2,pp. 159–165, May 2009.
[2] D. K. Fisher and H. A. Kebede, ―A low-costmicro controller-based system to
monitor crop temperature and water status,ǁ Compute. Electron. Agricult., vol. 74, no. 1,
pp. 168–173, Oct. 2010.
[3] K.Srikar ,M.Akhil ,V.Krishna reddy,” Execution of Cloud Scheduling
Algorithms”,International Innovative Research Journalof Engineering and Technology,
vol 02, no 04,pp.108-111,2017.
[4] Y. Kim, J. D. Jabro, and R. G. Evans, ―Wireless lysimeters for realtime online soil
water monitoring,ǁ Irrigation Sci., vol. 29, no. 5,pp. 423–430, Sep. 2011.
[5] O. Mirabella and M. Brischetto, A hybrid wired wireless networking infrastructure
for greenhouse management,ǁ IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.,vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 398–407,
Feb. 2011. [18] I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E.
Cayirci, ―A surveyon sensor networks, ǁIEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 104–
112,Aug. 2002.
[6] J. Yick, B. Mukherjee, and D. Ghosal, ―Wireless sensor network survey,ǁComput.
Netw., vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 2292–2330, Aug. 2008.
[7] M. Winkler, K.-D. Tuchs, K. Hughes, and G. Barclay, ―Theoretical andpractical
aspects of military wireless sensor networks,ǁJ. Telecommun.Inf. Technol., vol. 2, pp.
37–45, Apr./Jun. 2008.
[8] M. P. Durisic, Z. Tafa, G. Dimic, and V. Milutinovic, ―A survey ofmilitary
applications of wireless sensor networks,ǁ inProc. MECO,Jun. 2012, pp. 196–199.
[9] M. C. Rodríguez-Sánchez, S. Borromeo, and J. A. Hernández-Tamames, ―Wireless
sensor networks for conservation and monitoring cultural assets, ǁIEEE Sensors J., vol.
11, no. 6, pp. 1382–1389, Jun. 2011.
 Chapter 3

REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS

3.1 Problem Definition

Home automation is incredible. It can make almost all aspects of the home simple, more
comfortable and more enjoyable. Home automation, though, is much less exceptional
when it goes wrong. In this one of the main problem is network connection. Network
connection is must require when automation is controlled by an application. Another
problem is that smart home devices is activated at wrong time when it is not necessary.
The most of product required good maintenance like wireless product. Sensors and other
products need fresh batteries.

3.2 Requirements Specification

3.2.1 Node MCU ESP8266
Node MCU is an open source firmware for which open source prototyping board designs are
available. The name "Node MCU" combines "node" and "MCU" (Micro Controller unit).
building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control physical devices.
The project is based on microcontroller board designs, produced by several vendors, using
various microcontrollers. These systems provide sets of digital and analog I/O pins that can
interface to various expansion boards (termed shields) and other circuits. The boards feature
serial communication interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, for
loading programs from personal computers. For programming the microcontrollers, the
Arduino project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on
programming language named Processing, which also supports the languages, C and C++.

Fig 3.2.1: Node MCU ESP8266

3.2.2 Bread Board

3.2.2 Bread Board

3.2.3 Soil moisture Sensor

Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the
direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighing
of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content indirectly by using
some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction
with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content.

Fig 3.2.3: Soil Moisture Sensor

3.2.4 Solenoid Valve

The definition of a solenoid valve is an electro-mechanical valve that is commonly employed
to control the flow of liquid or gas. There are various solenoid valve types, but the main
variants are either pilot operated or direct acting. Pilot operated valves, the most widely used,
utilize system line pressure to open and close the main orifice in the valve body.

Fig 3.2.4: Solenoid Valve

3.2.5 Relay Module
A power relay module is an electrical switch that is operated by an electromagnet. The
electromagnet is activated by a separate low-power signal from a micro controller. When
activated, the electromagnet pulls to either open or close an electrical circuit.
A simple relay consists of wire coil wrapped around a soft iron core,
or solenoid, an iron yoke that delivers a low reluctance path for
magnetic flux, a movable iron armature and one or more sets of
contacts. The movable armature is hinged to the yoke and linked to
one or more set of the moving contacts. Held in place by a spring,
the armature leaves a gap in the magnetic circuit when the relay is
de-energized. While in this position, one of the two sets of contacts
is closed while the other set remains open.
 Fig 3. 5: Relay Module
3.2.6 Cables & Connectors
Differently colored wires and color-coding discipline are often adhered to for consistency.
However, the number of available colors is typically far fewer than the number of signal
types or paths. Typically, a few wire colors are reserved for the supply voltages and ground
(e.g., red, blue, black), some are reserved for main signals, and the rest are simply used
where convenient.

Fig 3. 6: Cables & Connectors

3.2.7 12V Power Adaptor
The 12 volt 1amp power adaptor is use to power the Arduino uno R3.

Fig 3.7: 12 volt Adaptor

3.3 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
A Project Schedule is often confused with or referred to as a Project Plan. From the diagram,
it can be seen that the Project Schedule, whilst a key deliverable, is only one component of a
Project Plan. The Project Plan assists a Project Manager in communicating with business work
streams and gaining support for the project. A business manager with no technical knowledge
should be able to understand the essence of the project through the project leader, the project
concept and the project plan.

Fig 3. 8: Gantt chart

3.4 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
3.4.1 Hardware:
o Node Mcu .
o Bread Board
o Soil Moisture Sensor.
o Solenoid valve
o Relay module
o Jumper wires

3.4.2 Software
o Arduino Compiler.
o Programming language: C

3.5 PRELIMINARY PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

An automated irrigation system refers to the operation of the system with no or just a minimum
of manual intervention beside the surveillance. Almost every system (drip, sprinkler, surface)
can be automated with help of timers, sensors or computers or mechanical appliances. It makes
the irrigation process more efficient and workers can concentrate on other important farming
tasks. On the other hand, such a system can be expensive and very complex in its design and
may needs experts to plan and implement it.
3.6 CONCEPTUAL MODELS
3.6.1 Use Case Diagram:

Fig 3.8: System flow chart

3.6.2 Activity Diagram:

Fig 3.9: Activity diagram

Fig 3.10: Class diagram
 Chapter 4

SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1BASIC MODULES
4.1.1 Collect the required resources:
We have to collect required resources for the development of a project.
4.1.1 Node Mcu:
Node mcu is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something
online.
4.1.2 Bread Board: A Breadboard is simply a board for prototyping or building circuits on. It
allows you to place components and connections on the board to make circuits without soldering

4.1.3 Relay:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit
by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or
where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. In our system the input from Arduino is
directly given to relay circuit.

4.1.4 Make a connection:

After Collecting the resources we need to make proper connection between them and also need to
connect this system to the Arduino. We will make the connection between IOT devices.

4.2 DATA DESIGN

In today’s busy world, everyone needs easy techniques to do their work. Here we propose a home
automation by some sensor using Arduino that operates automatically by sending on off messages to
Solenoid valve. Usually to control water flow we have to go to Switch and turn off/on the buttons. Here
we propose a project that control water flow automatically when the water required.

4.2.1 Schema Design

In this project we are use the soil moisture sensors, by using jumper wires we have connected
different devices such as sensor, solenoid valve etc. when we run the program they firstly ask the
question to the Sensor that if the water is required or not, if the water if required then sensor will give
the command to the Arduino to turn on the solenoid valve to provide the flow of water.

4.2.2 Data Integrity

In this project we are going to integrate Arduino, Lines of C++ code implemented in the Arduino to
control the sensor.

4.3 PROCEDURAL DESIGN

4.3.1 Logic diagram:

Diagram will show how the system flow work.

4.3.2 Data Structure.

This project proposes the development of Automatic Plant Irrigation System (APIS) capable of
detecting loss of moisture in soil using the soil moisture sensor. Specifically, APIS utilizes the Soil
Moisture Sensor to detect water content level in soil and give appropriate responses to the system
based on detected condition. Using this response, APIS determines whether or not the land needs
to be irrigated.
4.3.3 Algorithm Design.
Step 1: Start the methodology.
Step 2: Check the moisture of soil.
Step 3: If moisture is below 50%, turn on water flow.
Step 4: Otherwise repeat the step 2.
Step 5: If moisture is above 50%, off the flow of water.
Step 6: Otherwise continue the flow of water.
Step 7: If moisture level is as required, then
Step 9: Stop the process.

4.4 USER INTERFACE DESIGN.

4.5 SECURITY ISSUES:
Device failure:
The device we are using i.e. Node mcu , Soil moisture Sensor and other stuff can get damage or
get stuck in loop easily

4.6 TEST CASES DESIGN:

Connectivity Testing
In this we test connectivity of our component like Sensor testing.
Soil Moisture Sensor Testing
Based on the test results, the sensor can detect a Moisture level and help the Arduino Uno to
on/off the solenoid valve.

Integrated Testing:
In this part we test each and every components used in project together. Physical connection are
made with jumper wires as well as we check whether our system giving us desired output or not.
the authority will not came to collect the garbage. The second main issue is the locking system
gets hack by ordinary people than they put all the garbage in the already full dustbin so that the
dustbin is overflow and it makes bad scene and creates unhygienic condition for the
environment.
 Chapter 5

IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

5.1 Implementation Approaches

Irrigation is a very essential part of agriculture especially when there is inadequate supply of water
through rain fall. Therefore, there should be an easy way to irrigate the plants. The sprinkler and
drip irrigation systems are different types of irrigating the fields. But there is a necessity to
automate this process. And our aim is to design and implement an automatic plant irrigation
system. This could be done in different methods. Multiple sprinkler could be installed in place for
each plant. This is the usual practice. But we make an improvement by introducing our new matrix
system which is able to efficiently supply water to all the plants with the help of just one water
outlet. There will be multiple input sensors placed in place for the purpose if detecting moisture of
the soil but instead of giving multiple outlets we aim to give only a single outlet for water passage.
This method is an ingenious method for automatic irrigation purposes. This process could thus
eliminate the excess piping required in case of the drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation systems.
The matrix irrigation system is very efficient and saves both manual labor and water consumption.

5.2 Coding Details and Code Efficiency

Set up:
Step 1: Install the required software on machine like Blynk.
Step 2: Gather the all hardware parts.
Step 3: Joint the all hardware properly.
Step 4: Node mcu connect to the PC and join to software.
Step 5: Write the code and give output to the machine.
Code for soil moisture sensor:
Soil moisture sensor is a novel device which senses the moisture content in the soil, and with
suitable mechanism allows water to be irrigated depending on the moisture content of the soil.
This allows flow of water or stoppage of water to the plants by using an automated irrigation
system.
 int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);

sensorValue = map(sensorValue, tresholdMax, thresholdMin, 0, 100);

Serial.print("Moisture:");

Serial.print(sensorValue);

Serial.println("%");

if(sensorValue < 0)

digitalWrite(relayEnable, LOW);

Serial.println("Relay ON")

else

digitalWrite(relayEnable, HIGH);

Serial.println("Relay OFF")

delay(1000);
}

Code for Relay module

When the soil moisture sensor sense the dry soil, it will show the moisture percentage on the
LCD display, and the relay module will switch on the water pump automatically to start
the watering process, or vice versa.
if(sensorValue < 0)
{
digitalWrite(relayEnable, LOW);
Serial.println("Relay ON")
 }
Else
{
digitalWrite(relayEnable, HIGH);
Serial.println("Relay OFF")
}
delay(1000);
}

5.2.1 Code Efficiency

The code is written in such a way that we will easily manipulate the overall system. First the soil
moisture sensor detect the moisture level, and pass the signal to the Arduino by which arduino
decide what to do with relay module, if the moisture level is enough then arduino passes low signal
to the relay module or if the moisture level is low then it set the relay high and solenoid vavle is
active to supply the water. This is how the all system works.

5.3 Testing Approach

In testing phase we tested first the each unit of the system separately such as soil moisture sensor,
Relay module, Solenoid valve etc. and then tested the whole system by integrating all the units of
the system.

5.3.1 Unit Testing

Unit testing is a system development process in which the smallest testable parts of an application,
called units, are individually and independently scrutinized for proper operation. Unit testing can
be done manually but is often automated.
Our system consist four parts for testing. First we are tested soil moisture sensor which detect the
moisture of soil then relay module that it start or stop accordingly or not, then we tested our
solenoid valve and according we implement our project.
 Fig 5.01: Soil moisture sensor Testing.

Then second is Relay module which “ON” and “OF” when the moisture level is low or high
accordingly through the arduino.

Fig 5.02: Relay Module Testing

Next part is solenoid valve which if turn ON and OF through the relay module to supply the water
whenever the water level or we can say moisture level goes down.

Fig 5.03: Solenoid valve Testing

5.3.2 Integrated Testing
Integrated Testing is a level of software testing where individual units are combined and tested as
a group. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose faults in the interaction between integrated
units. Test drivers and test stubs are used to assist in Integration Testing.
 Fig 5.04: Integrated system Testing

Integrated system code:

const int relayEnable = 2;
const int sensorPIN = AO;
const int tresholdMax = 800;
const int tresholdMin = 10;
void setup()
{
pinMode(relayEnable, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Soil Moisture Level:");
delay(1000);
}
void loop()
{
int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);
sensorValue = map(sensorValue, tresholdMax, thresholdMin, 0, 100);
Serial.print("Moisture:");
Serial.print(sensorValue);
Serial.println("%");

if(sensorValue < 0)
{
digitalWrite(relayEnable, LOW);
Serial.println("Relay ON")
}
else
{
digitalWrite(relayEnable, HIGH);
Serial.println("Relay OFF")
}
delay(1000);
}

5.4 Modifications and Improvements

The smart dustbin is upgraded in future with most useful features. The problems of foul odour and
manual controlled mobility calls for the future scope which includes the odour control mechanism
to get rid of foul smell of organic garbage. Also, realizing the requirement of an autonomous
dustbin, GPS module can be implemented for path planning combined with ultrasonic sensor for
obstacle avoidance. Differentiation can be made between dry trash bin and wet trash bin collecting
plastic dry waste and biodegradable waste respectively. To implement this methane and smell
sensors can be used. This helps in distinguishing the waste at the source and hence reducing the
requirement of manpower. To enhance it further, an automated system can be developed which is
able to pick up waste in and around the bin, segregate them and put them in respective bins.
5.5 Test Cases
5.5.1 Test case 1
The soil moisture sensor detect the moisture level in soil.
When soil moisture is lower than required level than the relay module activated and solenoid valve
get turn “ON”

Fig 5.05: Test case 1

5.5.2 Test case 2: The “Relay” module trun “ON” whenever the soil moisture sensor detect the
lower moisture in soil.

Fig 5.06: Test case 2

Blynk

Chapter 6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6.1 Test Reports
Test cases are the set of conditions or variables under which a tester will determine whether a
system under test satisfies requirements or works correctly. The process of developing test cases
can also help find problems in the requirements or design of an application. Here we are separately
test each unit which is consist in system. While testing we are facing many issues regarding to the
working of unit. For avoiding such issues we are find solutions for it.
6.1.1 Problematic situation and Solutions
After done with all thing i.e. connection of hardware and implementation of software we found
that soil moisture sensor detect moisture after some delay of time and that’s why the relay module
ON OF after the delay, but after cross checking errors in code we make all thing done properly .To
integrating the whole coding of system working we are go through many errors but we solve all
the bugs and system works fine.

6.2 User Documentation

This project is to design and build for an automatic plant watering system that can automatically
water the plant. Usual one person has have to give time to water the plant manually. It is
programmed in such a way that it will sense the moisture level of the plants and supply the water
when required. The main aim of this project was to provide water to the plants or gardening
automatically using microcontroller (Arduino Uno). We can automatically watering the plants
when we are going on vacation or don’t we have to bother my neighbors, Sometimes the neighbors
do too much of watering and the plants end up dying anyway. The system consist Soil moisture
sensor which is use sense the moisture level. When the water level is below the set limit it will ON
the solenoid valve to supply water. All the components are which are used in system are have
different functionality. Very first the sensor which detect the moisture which used to ON the
solenoid valve, then it will supply water.

Fig 6.01: Working of soil moisture sensor

Relay module which follow the signals of arduino according to the soil moisture sensor whenever
the moisture level is lower than the set limits soil moisture sensor pass the command to the arduino
to switch on relay for supply of water.
 Fig 6.02: Working of Relay module.

Solenoid valve which follow the command of relay module whenever the relay signal is high
from the arduino relay turn on the solenoid valve supply the water.
 Fig 6.03: Working of solenoid valve

Chapter 7
CONCLUSIONS

7.1 Conclusion
The main purpose of this chapter is to propose an automated irrigation system that water
the plant without any human control. The automated irrigation system implemented is
found to be feasible and cost effective for optimizing water resources for agricultural
production. Besides the automated irrigation system.
Thus the “Automated Irrigation system based on soil moisture using Arduino” has been designed
and tested successfully. It has been developed by integrated features of all the hardware
components used. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully, thus
contributing to the best working of the unit. Thus, the Arduino Based Automatic Plant Watering
System has been designed and tested successfully. The system has been tested to function
automatically. The moisture sensors measure the moisture level (water content) of the different
plants. If the moisture level is goes to be below the desired and limited level, the moisture sensor
sends the signal to the Arduino board which triggers the Relay Module turn ON and supply the
water to respective plant. When the desired moisture level is reached, the system halts on its own
and the water Pump is turned OFF. Thus, the functionality of the entire system has been tested
thoroughly and it is said to function successfully.

7.1.1 Significance of the System

We are living in a world that is in a state of constant up gradation, but there is one ubiquitous
problem that we haven‘t been able to deal with, the problem is that watering of plant is important
for farmer and gardener but if the plant get more than required water then there roots are get
infected with fungus and plants or crops not survive for more time. Or vice versa, if they get less
amount of water then the required than also there life span goes decrease and plant become dry.
So it`s important that plants get proper amount of water for that purpose we require the automatic
watering system to water the plant efficiently. So we have design the project called auto irrigation
system using arduino and solenoid valve. This System will help you to irrigate your backyard
Garden or your Indoor Garden automatically and you need not worry about watering your favorite
plants in your busy schedule.

7.2 Limitations of the System

System requires more number of soil moisture sensor to acquire the big size field to water the
crops. So due the high price of component the poor farmer cant implement this type of project in
there farm to cultivated goods.
It reduces man power requirements which results into increase in unemployment for unskilled
people.
The training has to be provided to the people involved in the auto irrigation system
7.3 Future Scope of the Project
The system can be improved by adding new functionalities. GSM can be added for sending SMS
to the concerned person in case of any problem.
Other Parameters such as ambient temperature, light intensity & humidity can be measured.
Pesticides & fertilizers can also be added automatically in the water.
Centralized database maintenance of crops according to the atmospheric condition throughout
the ye