Block Diagram Editor

User’s Guide
Famic Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.©

Automation Studio™ Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Document Reference: DASBKENFTP62U_037

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Automation Studio™ is a registered trademark of Famic Technologies®
 Table of Contents

1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1-1

2 Inserting a new Block Diagram.................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Primary access ....................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Accessing Block Diagram Properties .................................................................... 2-3
2.2.1 Block Diagram Properties ....................................................................... 2-4
2.2.2 Block Diagram History ........................................................................... 2-5
2.3 Managing Block Diagram Standards..................................................................... 2-7
2.3.1 Standards ................................................................................................. 2-8
2.3.2 Naming Rules ........................................................................................ 2-15
2.3.3 Links...................................................................................................... 2-16
2.3.4 Blocks.................................................................................................... 2-19
3 Diagnostics ..................................................................................................................... 3-1
4 Block Diagram Types .................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 "Input" Type .......................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 “Continuous” Category ......................................................................................... 4-4
4.3 “Filter” Category ................................................................................................... 4-5
4.4 “Discrete” Category .............................................................................................. 4-7
4.5 “Mathematics” Category ..................................................................................... 4-11
4.6 “Comparators” Category ..................................................................................... 4-13
4.7 “Logic” Category ................................................................................................ 4-14
4.7.1 Logic Gates ........................................................................................... 4-14
4.7.2 Truth Table ............................................................................................ 4-18
4.7.3 Flip-Flops and Latches .......................................................................... 4-19
4.7.4 Detectors ............................................................................................... 4-23
4.8 “Selector” Category............................................................................................. 4-24
4.9 “Output” Category............................................................................................... 4-25
4.10 “User-Defined” Category .................................................................................... 4-25
5 Use case: Position control of a hydraulic cylinder ...................................................... 5-1

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide
5.1 Presentation ............................................................................................................5-1
5.2 Instructions.............................................................................................................5-1
6 Use case: Custom modeling of a hydraulic pump .......................................................6-1
6.1 Presentation ............................................................................................................6-1
6.2 Instructions.............................................................................................................6-2
A Glossary ............................................................................................................................. 1
B Index .................................................................................................................................. 5

ii
1 Introduction
The Block Diagram editor is a specialized math workshop which is used to draw Function
Block Diagrams, following certain rules, using blocks available in the Automation Studio™
library. These diagrams represent mathematical models which can be simulated.

This workshop allows the user to create his own mathematical model based on the real
behavior of a component.

This User’s Guide for Block Diagrams presents the information required to use this workshop
in Automation Studio™. This information includes component descriptions, the method for
the configuration of components, the drawing and simulation of a Block Diagram and
application examples.

This guide is structured as follows:

Chapter 2 Inserting a new Block Diagram: This chapter describes how to create a Block
Diagram in Automation Studio™.

Chapter 3 Diagnostics: This chapter describes how to run diagnostics in Block Diagrams.

Chapter 4 Block Diagram Types: This chapter presents the different categories of block
diagrams available in Automation Studio™.

Chapter 5 Use case: Position control of a hydraulic cylinder: This chapter presents a usage
example which demonstrates the potential of the mathematical workshop in Automation
Studio™.

Chapter 6 Use case: Custom modeling of a hydraulic pump: This chapter describes how to
create a Custom Component with Blocks.

© Famic Technologies Inc. 1-1

2 Inserting a new Block Diagram
2.1 Primary access
To use the Math Workshop, a new Block Diagram must be inserted. This can be done from
the Automation Studio™ Menu:

Figure 2-1 : Creating a Block Diagram from Automation Studio™ Menu

Or from “New” group in the ribbon:

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 2-2 : Creating a Block Diagram from the Ribbon

Once the new Block Diagram is created, it appears in the project explorer, as shown in the
figure below. Right-clicking on the diagram opens the contextual menu and gives access to
the usual diagram commands.

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 Inserting a new Block Diagram

Figure 2-3 : Block Diagram appearing under “Project” in the Project Explorer

2.2 Accessing Block Diagram Properties

Block Diagram properties can be accessed from the diagram’s contextual menu:

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 2-4 : Block Diagram Properties.

2.2.1 Block Diagram Properties

Document Standards

Figure 2-5 : “Standards” Category in Diagram Properties

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 Inserting a new Block Diagram
Appearance

Figure 2-6 : “Appearance” Category in Diagram Properties

Information

Figure 2-7 : “Information” Category in Diagram Properties

2.2.2 Block Diagram History

As with any other diagram in Automation Studio ™, it is possible to browse the history of the
revisions and modifications in the “History” branch from the properties window of the
diagram which shows, for each modification, the name of the person, the revision date, the
status (revision, verification and approval) and a comment.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 2-8 : History of the Revisions of the Block Diagram

Add / Remove Revision

In Project Properties, “Project” branch → “History”, a revision can be added or

suppressed with the commands from the toolbar.

These revisions are displayed in the list with revision numbers, comments and creation
dates.

Modify Revision

Select the revision in the list to modify it. Details relative to it are displayed in the section
underneath.

Search Revision

A filer can be used to search a revision from the date, revision number or comment.

Duplicate Revision

The command is used to create a new revision by duplicating the revision currently
selected.

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 Inserting a new Block Diagram

Figure 2-9: Revision Modification

Field Description
Identification Revision Display the revision number. The numbers can be
modified.
Modified Display the date and time the project was last
modified. This field is updated every time the project
is saved.
Comment Display the comments associated to the revision.
Revision Revised by Enter the name of the person who did the revision
Information and the date of revision.
Verified by Enter the name of the person in charge of verifying
the project and the date of verification.
Approved by Enter the name of the person in charge of approving
the project and the date of approval.

2.3 Managing Block Diagram Standards

The “Standards” group from the “Block Diagram” Tab gives access to Block Diagrams.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 2-10 : Access to Block Diagram Standards and Naming Rules

2.3.1 Standards

The command opens the Project Properties section where the user can set and manage
Block Standards.

Figure 2-11: Block Standards

For more details on the categories in the “Edition” Tab, please refer to section 2.3.1.4 Edition
Tab.

2.3.1.1 Standards List Window

The Standards List window presents a list of standards available for a Block Diagram
document and is also where standards can be created, duplicated or deleted.

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 Inserting a new Block Diagram

Figure 2-12: Standards List

Command Description
New To create a new standard. The standard that is created
contains Automation Studio™ default options.

Delete To delete the selected standard from the list.

Note that it is not possible to delete a standard if it is used in
a project’s document.
Copy the To create a copy of the selected standard. This is used to
Selection create a standard based on an existing one and modifying it
rather than starting from scratch.

Paste the To paste the copied standard to the list. The new created
Selection standard will have the same name as the copied one, with a
suffix “Copy”.

The standards list is formed by four columns.

Column Description
Displayed Name The name of the block standard available in the project.

Is default Radio button to select the default standard. The default

standard is applied to any new document in the project.

Complete Version To identify the version number of the block standard. The
version number is updated automatically every time a
modification is applied in a standard’s field.

Last Modified To identify the date and the hour the block standard was last
modified.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide
2.3.1.2 Standard Identification Window

The Standard Identification window identifies the essential information of a standard, and is
used to modify it.

Figure 2-13: Standard Identification Window

Field Description
Name To modify the name of the selected block standard from the
list.

Is default Checkbox for the option to define the selected standard in

the list as the default standard.

Comment To add an explanatory comment to the selected standard

from the list.

Version To identify the version number of the standard in Edit mode.

Cannot be modified by the user since the number
automatically increments following the application of a
change to the standard.

Date To identify the date and the hour of the last modification of
the block standard. Cannot be modified manually since the
date is updated automatically.

2.3.1.3 Standards Options Window

The Standards Option Window lists all of the options managed by the selected standard. This
is where the parameters of the standard are made.

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 Inserting a new Block Diagram

Figure 2-14: Standards Options Window

2.3.1.4 Edition Tab

The Edition tab is used to set the parameters of the standard during the editing view from
the edit point of view: the drawing options, and the numbering and naming in edition mode.

The Edition tab contains four categories:

● Components;
● Connectors;
● Links;
● Formula Appearance.

“Components” Category

The “Components” category contains the options related to the appearance and naming of
block components.

Figure 2-15: Block Components Standards

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide
This category gives a list of the different types of blocks available with the associated
standards. This list allows the user to completely define a type of block and to associate the
different standards to a certain type.

Each line can be activated or deactivated. It is used to create associations between a certain
type of block (see 2.3.3.1) and an appearance (See 2.3.3.2), a code (used in the Naming
Rules by the “Component Code” variable) and a naming rule (See 2.3.2 Naming Rules).

Options Description
Lock automatically the Overrides the naming standard of components. If this
manually modified option is true, then any change will be retained
component Item Identifier or despite a change of standard.
Displayable Number
Display the asterisk (*) Displays the asterisk when the ID is locked. Linked to
indicating that the the previous element, if checked.
component’s Item Identifier
is locked
Identifiers Generation Selects in which order the identifiers will be generated
Direction
Component Displayed To standardize the display format of the component
Properties Typography properties displayed on the diagram.

“Connectors” Category

The “Connectors” category regroups the display options of connection ports and connection
port satellites.

Figure 2-16: Connectors Standards

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 Inserting a new Block Diagram

Option Description
Free Connector Color To configure the display color of free connectors. This color
refers to the circumference of the circle representing the
connector; the surface of the disk is transparent.

Connector Name To configure the font and format of connection port satellites
Typography in the diagram.

“Links” Category

Figure 2-17: "Links" Category

This category gives a list of the different types of links available with the associated
standards. This list allows the user to completely define a link function and to associate the
different standards to a certain function.

Each line can be activated or deactivated. It is used to create associations between a certain
function (See 2.3.3.1 Link Functions), an appearance (See 2.3.3.2 Link Appearance), a code
(used in the Naming Rules by the “Component Code” variable) and a naming rule (See 2.3.2
Naming Rules).

Options Description
Connecting and Crossing List the available combination for display connecting
Links Appearance and crossing links jumps (bridge or nothing).

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Options Description
Black Connection Point
Radius To define the connection point size.
The intersection of more than 2 connectors can be
represented with a black dot (ISO).

Automatically lock the Overrides the naming rule of link item identifiers. If
manually modified link Item this option is true, then any change will be retained
Identifier despite a change of standard.

Display the asterisk (*) Displays the asterisk when the ID is locked.
indicating that the link’s Item
Identifier is locked Linked to the previous element, if checked.

Links Name Typography Standardize the font of the components’ name

displayed on the diagram.

Erroneous Generic Link Color Define the color of the links that are not correctly
connected.

Formula Appearance Category

Figure 2-18: “Formula Appearance” Category

Options Description
Apply Colors to Syntax Color the custom blocks formula.
Elements
Operators Color Define operators color.

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 Inserting a new Block Diagram

Options Description
Numbers Color Define numbers color.
Defined Variable Color Define the color of the available variables.
Undefined Variables Color Define the color of variables that haven’t been created
yet.
Then the user will have to create the variable in the
Variable Manager so that simulator can recognize it.

2.3.2 Naming Rules

The command opens the naming rules of Block Diagrams and links.

Figure 2-19: Block and Link Naming Rule

The default naming rule in hydraulic or pneumatic schematics is based on the ISO Code of
the 1219-2 (1996) standard + a number incremented automatically.

It is possible to create a customized naming rule or define the naming rule recommended by
an organization.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

 To standardize the naming rules, create , duplicate , modify and even delete

a naming rule from this dialogue window.

Each rule should have a name and a description. A version number is automatically
generated. This number is incremented once the modifications are applied.

Every naming rule is a combination of variables (in green) chosen from a drop-down menu
and user defined descriptions (in orange).

Click on to add a variable or description, and on to delete it. The formula defining
the naming rule is automatically written in the area below.

Drag and move each item in this zone with a left-click on a selected field value.

A naming rule is taken into account once it is applied.

2.3.3 Links

2.3.3.1 Link Functions

The command opens the window to manage the links’ functions.

This window is used to create functions that are not available in Famic Technologies
standards.

The link’s function is defined by its name. When a link is used in a diagram, its function is
accessible via the link’s contextual menu or its technical data.

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 Inserting a new Block Diagram

Figure 2-20: Links’ Functions

New functions can be added and relative information can be entered in the lower
section:

Item Description

Name Give a name to the link’s function.

Description Describe the function.

Comment Add comments.

2.3.3.2 Link Appearance

The command opens the window to manage links’ appearance. This dialogue window is
used to define the visual appearance of the connections in Edit mode.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 2-21: Block Diagram Links’ Appearance

Under the “Name”, “Description” and “Comment” fields, a preview area is provided to verify
changes made to the parameters.

Attributes of the lines’ visual appearance are:

Item Description

Lineweight To define the lineweight

Line Colour To define the line color.

Line Style To define the line style.

Line Begin To select and display a symbol at the beginning of the line.

Line Begin Size To define the size of the symbol at the beginning of the line based

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 Inserting a new Block Diagram

Item Description
on a percentage of its original size.

Line End To define a symbol at the end of a line.

Line End Size To specify the size of the symbol at the end of the line based on a
percentage of its original size.

Highlighting Color To define a highlight color for the line, that only appears when the
“Highlight Links” command is checked in the “View” Tab.

Highlighting Style To define a highlighting line style.

Line

Highlighting Line To define the line width of a highlighting line that is displayed
Width under the line.

Highlighted Line To choose the line color once it is highlighted.

Colour

2.3.4 Blocks

2.3.4.1 Block Types

The command opens the “Block Types” window where the user can create new types
or modify them. Each type of block is defined by its name and can be found via the
component’s contextual menu or project properties.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 2-22: Block Types

2.3.4.2 Block Appearance

The command opens the “Block Appearance” window.

Figure 2-23: Block Diagrams’ Appearance

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 Inserting a new Block Diagram

Item Description

Lineweight Define Lineweight.

Line Color Define Line Color.

Line Style Define Line Style.

Fill Pattern Define the fill pattern of the Block component’s

background.

Background Color Define the background color.

Foreground Color Define the foreground color.

Theme Font Select characters font of the texts displayed in the

blocks.

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3 Diagnostics
In order to detect any kind of abnormalities when editing a block diagram, a diagnostic tool
is available.

Figure 3-1 : “Diagnostic Tools” Command

The following dialogue, the user can select the block diagram(s) on which the diagnostic
should be made.

Figure 3-2 : Block Diagrams Selection for Diagnostic

Once the dialogue is opened, check the boxes for which to run a diagnostic.

Then, the diagnostic is launched according to the selected criteria.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 3-3 : “Diagnostics” Dialogue

Item Description

Free Connectors To detect components onto which connection ports are

not connected.

Uniqueness of Item Identifier To detect if each item identifier of a project is unique.

Invisible Components To detect components which have a visual

representation that is not visible on the diagram.

Components with Locked Item Detects components having an Item Identifier that could
Identifier not be modified.

Components with Locked Detects components having a Displayable Number that

Displayable Number could not be modified.

The results obtained after the diagnostic are displayed in a list format into the message
explorer window, with hyperlinks on faulty components.

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 Diagnostics

Figure 3-4 : Message Explorer after the diagnostic tool was launched

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4 Block Diagram Types
All the blocks available in Automation Studio ™ are to be found in the library where they are
grouped as following types:
● Input
● Continuous
● Filter
● Discrete
● Mathematical
● Output
● User-defined

Figure 4-1: Block Components in the Library Explorer

4.1 "Input" Type

This type of block generates an input signal. The signal can be automatically generated,
controlled by the user during simulation or originates from a variable assignment.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 4-1 : “Input” Block Type

 Except for the Joystick and the y(x), all blocks of this type have only one port, the
output signal.
Symbol Name Description
Cursor The cursor is an input signal that can be modified
manually in simulation.
The cursor has only one output port which is the
output signal. This signal can vary between the
minimum and maximum values set in component
properties.
Joystick The joystick simulates a peripheral that can move
within a XY plane.
The “Joystick” block has two ports, the ports X and Y.
Each of them send its coordinate depending on the
position of the point on their axis. Both axes share
the same maximum and minimum values, set in the
component properties.
Wheel The wheel simulates a peripheral turning around an
axis.
The “Wheel” block has only one port, the output
signal. This signal is proportional to the position of
the wheel relative to its starting position and the
maximum number of turns.

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 Block Diagram Types

Symbol Name Description

Sine Wave Generator The sine wave generator generates a sinusoid
output signal.
The sine wave generator has only one port, the
output signal. That signal varies with the function :
y(t) = Asin(2πft + φ).
The parameters “Amplitude”, “Phase Difference” and
“Frequency” should be set in the component
properties.
Square Wave The square wave generator generates a square
Generator wave output signal.
The square wave generator has only one port, the
output signal. That signal varies with the function:
y(t) = Asgn(sin(2πft)).
The “Amplitude” and “Frequency” parameters can be
set in the component properties.
Input variable The “Input Variable” block allows importing a
variable (by assignation) and transmitting it to other
blocks.
Constant The « Constant » block allows the user to define a
value of his choice that can be transmitted to
another block.
Signal Generator by The signal generator by curves generates a signal as
Curves a function of the time according to the curves
defined in its properties.
It has one output port. The output signal is defined
by a y(t) function modeled in the component
properties. If there are several, the curve will be
defined by variable association.
Step The Step block sends a signal instantly changing
from an initial value to a final value after a certain
delay after the simulation has started. The delay is
set in the component technical data.
The step block has only one port, the output signal.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Symbol Name Description

y(x) The “y(x)” block generates a signal according to the
curve defined by user in its properties according to
the input signal it receives.
The “y(x)” block has one output port whose value is
defined by the y(x) in the component properties.

4.2 “Continuous” Category

Blocks from this category process the signal using functions from the Laplace domain.

Figure 4-2 : “Continuous” Block Category

Symbol Name Description

First Order The “First Order Transfer Function” implements a first
Transfer Function order filter or answer.
This block is defined by the function :
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 1
=
𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 1 + 𝜏𝑠
The parameter 𝜏 of this equation is set in the
component properties.

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 Block Diagram Types

Symbol Name Description

Second Order The “Second Order Transfer Function” implements a
Transfer Function second order filter or answer.
This block is defined by the function:
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 ω2
= 2
𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 s + 2𝜉𝜔𝑠 + 𝜔 2

This block has one input port and one output port. The
“Damping Coefficient 𝜉” and “Pulsation Coefficient 𝜔”
are set in the component properties.
Integrator 1 The integrator returns the signed area of the curve of a
Integrator 2 signal.
The “Integrator” block has an input port and an output
port. The output signal is the integral of the input signal.
Derivator The derivator calculates the variation rate of a signal.
The “Derivator” block has an input port and an output
port. The output signal is the derivative of the input
signal.
PID The “PID” block generates a proportional-integral-
derivative type transfer function.
The “PID” block is defined by the gains of proportional,
derivative and integral types. Those are set in the
component properties and can be adjusted during
simulation.

4.3 “Filter” Category

Blocks from this category modify the signal according to chosen parameters and conditions.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 4-3 : “Filter” Block Category

Symbol Name Description

Limiter The “Limiter” block simulates the saturation of a signal.

It has an input port and an output port. The output signal

is equal to the input signal if the input signal is between
the lower and upper limit. If not, the output signal is
equal to the exceeding limit.

Limits are set in the component properties.

Hysteresis The "Hysteresis" block simulates the effects of hysteresis

on an increasing or decreasing signal.

It has an input and an output port. The output signal is

defined by the customized functions y(x+) and y(x-) in
the component properties, which correspond to the
output/input relations for an increasing or decreasing
signal.

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 Block Diagram Types

Symbol Name Description

Threshold The threshold is a threshold value under which the signal

is blocked (null value)

The “Threshold” block has an input port and an output

port. The output signal is 0 if the input signal is less or
equal than the threshold set in component properties. If
the output signal is strictly greater than the threshold, the
output signal is equal to the input signal.

Dead Band The “Dead Band” block has an input port and an output
port. If the input signal exceeds the upper or lower limit,
the output signal is equal to the input signal minus the
exceeded limit. If the input signal is between the upper
and lower limits, the output signal is equal to zero.

Variable Dead The dead band corresponds to the interval of a signal

Band where it is null.

The “Variable Dead Band” block has the same behavior as

the “Dead Band” block, but its upper and lower limits can
be modified during simulation manually or by variable
assignment.

4.4 “Discrete” Category

Blocks from this category process a discrete signal. They send individual values from a
continuous input.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 4-4 : “Discrete” Block Category

Symbol Name Description

The "Discrete Difference" block returns the difference
Discrete between two iterations of a signal
Difference
It has an input port and an output port. The output
signal is equal to the difference between the current
values and the values prior the sample time. The
sample and the initial value at t=0 are defined in the
component properties.
The "Sampler" block discretizes a continuous input
Sampler signal.
It has an input port and output port. The output signal is
equal to the discretized input signal relative to a sample
time. The sample time is set in the component
properties.
This block introduces a delay between the input and the
Delay output signals.
The "Delay" block has an input port and an output port.
The output signal is equal to the discretized input signal
with a delay of one sample time. The sample time and
the initial condition are defined in component
properties.

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 Block Diagram Types

Symbol Name Description

The “Discrete Integrator” integrates a continuous signal.
Discrete
The "Discrete Integrator" block has an input and an
Integrator
output port. The output signal is calculated depending
on the chosen method. With Un as input signal at the
instant Tn and Sn as the output signal.
- Explicit Euler Method:
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑆𝑛 −1 + 𝐺 ∙ (𝑇𝑛+1 − 𝑇𝑛 ) ∙ 𝑈𝑛
- - Implicit Euler Method:
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑆𝑛−1 + 𝐺 ∙ (𝑇𝑛 − 𝑇𝑛−1 ) ∙ 𝑈𝑛−1
- - Trapezoidal Rule:

1
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑆𝑛−1 + 𝐺 ∙ (𝑇𝑛+1 − 𝑇𝑛 ) ∙ (𝑈𝑛 − 𝑈𝑛−1 )
2

This block implements a first order filter.

First Order
The “First Order Discrete Filter” block has an input port
Discrete Filter
and an output port. The output signal is calculated by
this function :
1/(1 + 𝑎𝑧 −1 )
The equation parameters are set in the component
properties.
The “Discrete Filter in z-1” implements a second order
Discrete Filter z-1 discrete filter.
This block is defined by the function :
𝑏0 + 𝑏1 𝑧 −1 + 𝑏2 𝑧 −2
𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑧 −1 + 𝑎2 𝑧 −2
The parameters of this equation are set in the
component properties, where the user can specify the
numerator and denominator coefficients.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Symbol Name Description

The “Discrete Filter in z” implements a first order
Discrete Filter z discrete filter.
This block is defined by the function :
𝑏0 + 𝑏1 𝑧
𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑧
The parameters of this equation are set in the
component properties, where the user can define the
denominator and numerator coefficients
This block implements a FIR filter up to the second
FIR Filter order.
This block is defined by the function :
𝑏0 + 𝑏1 𝑧 −1 + 𝑏2 𝑧 −2
The parameters of this equation are set in the
component properties.
The “Real Zero” Block implements a transfer function
Real Zero without pole, with a real zero.
This block is defined by the expression :
𝑧−𝑎
𝑧
The parameters of this equation are set in the
component properties.
The “Lead Lag” block implements a transfer function
Lead Lag with one pole and one zero, strictly between 0 and 1.
This block is defined by the function :
𝑧−𝑎
𝑧−𝑝
The parameters of this equation are set in the
component properties.

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 Block Diagram Types

Symbol Name Description

The “Zero-Pole” block generates a transfer function that
Pole-Zero has one to two poles and one to two zeros.
This block is defined by the expression :
(𝑧 − 𝑎1 ) (𝑧 − 𝑎2 )
(𝑧 − 𝑝1 ) (𝑧 − 𝑝2 )
The parameters of this equation are set in the
component properties.
Discrete PID The “Discrete PID” block generates a proportional-
integral-derivative type transfer function.
This block has proportional, derivative and integral type
coefficients. Those are set in the component properties.

4.5 “Mathematics” Category

Blocks from this category perform basic mathematical operations on one or more input
signals.

Figure 4-5 : “Mathematical” Block Category

Symbol Name Description

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Symbol Name Description

The multiplier multiplies a variable by a constant.
Multiplier 1
The "Multiplier" block has an input port and an output
port. The output signal is equal to the input signal
multiplied by a multiplication factor defined in the
component properties.
This block multiplies two signals and returns the result.
Multiplication
The "Multiplication" block has two input ports and an
output port. The output signal is equal to the
multiplication of the values of the two input signals.
This block divides a dividend by a divisor and returns
Division the result.
The "Division" block has two input ports and an output
port. The output signal is equal to the result of the
division of the dividend (Top port) by the divisor
(bottom port).
The adder adds or subtracts two signals or more.
Adder 1, 2 and 3
The “Adder” blocks have two or more input ports and
one output port. The ports with a “+” sign will add their
signal and those with a “-” will subtract their signal to
the output signal.
The "Absolute Value" block returns the absolute value of
Absolute Value a signal.
This block has an input and an output port. The output
signal is defined with the formula:
Y=|U|
Where U is the input signal and Y the output signal.
This block applies the corresponding mathematical
Sine function. The output signal is defined with the formula:
Y=Sin(U)
Where U is the input signal (in radians) and Y the output
signal.

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 Block Diagram Types

Symbol Name Description

This block applies the corresponding mathematical
Cosine function.

This block applies the corresponding mathematical

Tangent function.

The divider divides a signal by a constant.

Divide
The "Divide" block has an input port and an output port.
The output signal is equal to the input signal divided by
the division factor defined in the component properties.
This block applies the corresponding mathematical
Square Root function.

4.6 “Comparators” Category

Comparators allow to evaluate if a relation between two input signals compared with a
logical operator is true or false.

Figure 4-6 : “Comparators” Block Category

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Symbol Name Description

Equal to (=) The output signal is TRUE if the values of both input signal are
equal.

Not Equal The output signal is TRUE if the values of both input signal are
to (≠) different.

Superior to The output signal is TRUE if the input signal A is strictly

(>) superior to the input signal B.

Superior or The output signal is TRUE if the input signal A is superior or

equal to (≥) equal to the input signal B.

Inferior to The output signal is TRUE if the input signal A is strictly inferior
(<) to the input signal B.

Inferior or The output signal is TRUE if the input signal A is inferior or

equal to (≤) equal to the input signal B.

Sign The output signal is determined by the sign of the input signal,
Detector depending if it is positive, negative or null.

1 𝑖𝑓 𝐴 > 0
𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛(𝐴) = {−1 𝑖𝑓 𝐴 < 0
0 𝑖𝑓 𝐴 = 0

4.7 “Logic” Category

4.7.1 Logic Gates

Logic gates blocks output a Boolean that examines the signal logic state of the inputs with a
truth table.

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 Block Diagram Types

Figure 4-7 : “Logic Gates” Block Category

Symbol Name Description

AND Gate The output signal S is determined by the logic state of the
inputs according to the following truth table:
A B S=A∙B
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

For elements with more than two inputs, the general rule is:

• Output is TRUE if all inputs are TRUE.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Symbol Name Description

OR Gate The output signal S is determined by the logic state of the

inputs according to the following truth table:
A B S=A+B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

For elements with more than two inputs, the general rule is:

• Output is TRUE if at least one input is TRUE.

NOT Gate The output signal S is determined by the logic state of the
input A according to the following truth table:
A S
0 1
1 0

NOT AND The output signal S is determined by the logic state of the
Gate (NAND) inputs according to the following truth table:
A B S=NOT(A∙B)
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

For elements with more than two inputs, the general rule is:

• Output is TRUE if at least one input is FALSE.

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 Block Diagram Types

Symbol Name Description

NOT OR Gate The output signal S is determined by the logic state of the
(NOR) inputs according to the following truth table:
A B S=NOT(A+B)
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

For elements with more than two inputs, the general rule is:

• Output is TRUE if all inputs are FALSE.

Exclusive OR The output signal S is determined by the logic state of the

Gate (XOR) inputs according to the following truth table:
A B S
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

For elements with more than two inputs, the general rule is :

• Output is TRUE if an uneven number of inputs are

TRUE.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Symbol Name Description

NOT OR The output signal S is determined by the logic state of the

Exclusive inputs according to the following truth table:
Gate (XNOR) A B S = A⨀B
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

For elements with more than two inputs, the general rule is:

• For an even number of inputs, the output is TRUE if:

o All inputs are of the same state (TRUE or
FALSE);
o There’s an even number of inputs that are
TRUE.
• For an uneven number of inputs, the output is TRUE
if :
o There’s an even number of inputs that are
TRUE.

4.7.2 Truth Table

Blocks from the “Truth Table” are used to create a customized logic gate.

Figure 4-8 : “Truth Table” Block Category

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 Block Diagram Types

Symbol Name Description

Customized The output signal S is determined by the logic state of the

Truth Table inputs according to a user defined table of truth :
A B 𝑆 = 𝑅𝑁
0 0 𝑅1
0 1 𝑅2
1 0 𝑅3
1 1 𝑅4

The table has more output possibilities than the number of

the component’s inputs to consider all the different
combinations. The number “C” of combinations is
determined by the number “n“ of inputs with the following
equation:

𝐶 = 2𝑛

4.7.3 Flip-Flops and Latches

A flip-flop or a latch circuits retains a logic state. Therefore, these types of components can
store information.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 4-9 : “Flip-Flops and Latches” Blocks Category

Symbol Name Description

SR Latch The output signals Q and /Q are defined by the logic state of
the inputs S (Set) and R (Reset) according to the following
truth table :
S R Q /Q
0 0 QPrevious /QPrevious
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0

The initial condition of output Q is 0.

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 Block Diagram Types

Symbol Name Description

SR Latch The output signals Q and /Q are defined by the logic state of
with the inputs E (Enable), S (Set) and R (Reset) according to the
Enable following truth table :
S R E Q /Q
0 or 1 0 or 1 0 QPrevious /QPrevious
0 0 1 QPrevious /QPrevious
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 0

The initial condition of output Q is 0.

SR Flip- The output signals Q and /Q are defined by the logic state of
Flop the inputs Clk (Clock), S (Set) and R (Reset) according to the
following truth table :
S R Clk Q /Q
0 or 1 0 or 1 0 QPrevious /QPrevious
0 0 Amount QPrevious /QPrevious
0 1 Amount 0 1
1 0 Amount 1 0
1 1 Amount 0 0

The initial condition of output Q is 0.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Symbol Name Description

JK Flip-Flop The output signals Q and /Q are defined by the logic state of
the inputs Clk (Clock), J and K according to the following truth
table :
J K Clk Q /Q
0 or 1 0 or 1 0 QPrevious /QPrevious
0 0 Amount QPrevious /QPrevious
0 1 Amount 0 1
1 0 Amount 1 0
1 1 Amount /QPrevious QPrevious

The initial condition of output Q is 0.

D Latch The output signals Q and /Q are defined by the logic state of
the inputs D and E according to the following truth table :
D E Q /Q
0 or 1 0 QPrevious /QPrevious
0 1 0 1
1 1 1 0

The initial condition of output Q is 0.

D Flip-Flop The output signals Q and /Q are defined by the logic state of
the inputs D and Clk (Clock) according to the following truth
table :
D Clk Q /Q
0 or 1 0 QPrevious /QPrevious
0 Amount 0 1
1 Amount 1 0

The initial condition of output Q is 0.

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 Block Diagram Types

Symbol Name Description

T Flip-Flop The output signals Q and /Q are defined by the logic state of
the inputs T and Clk (Clock) according to the following truth
table :
T Clk Q /Q
0 Amount QPrevious /QPrevious
1 Amount /QPrevious QPrevious

The initial condition of output Q is 0.

4.7.4 Detectors

These components allow to detect if the variation rate of a signal is positive or negative
rate.

Figure 4-10 : "Detectors" Blocks Category

Symbol Name Description

Rising Edge The output signal is TRUE if the input signal at present
Detector simulation time is strictly superior to the signals value at the
previous step.

The time between simulation steps are determined the

property “Simulation Pace” in the project properties.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Symbol Name Description

Falling Edge The output signal is TRUE if the input signal at present
Detector simulation time is strictly inferior to the signals value at the
previous step.

The time between simulation steps are determined the

property “Simulation Pace” in the project properties.

4.8 “Selector” Category

The Selector block of this category allows to rank and classify certain connections with other
blocks.

Figure 4-11 : "Selector" Block Category

Symbol Name Description

The selector allow to choose a signal amongst n input
Selector signals (n = 2 to 8). The output signal is equal to the
input i, where i is determined by the value of the input
signal n+1 (port on top of the block), or the user can
modify a variable assignment.

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 Block Diagram Types
4.9 “Output” Category
Blocks from this category receive an output and either display it or assign it to a variable.

Figure 4-12 : “Output” Block Category

Symbol Name Description

Output Variable The « Output Variable » block receives a variable from

another block and offers the possibility to transmit it to
another component.

Value Display The « Display Value » block allows displaying the current
value at a given location in the diagram.

4.10 “User-Defined” Category

Blocks from this category allow signal processing with custom functions.

Figure 4-13 : “User-Defined” Block Category

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Symbol Name Description

Customizable Customizable Block whose shape (minimum and

Component Block maximum number of connection ports), the signal type
(input or output) and the behavior can be defined by
the user.
This block enables the link between the Block Diagram
Hydraulic and Workshop and the other workshops (hydraulic,
Electrotechnical pneumatic and electrotechnical) by using a custom
Adaptor component. The adaptor sends the Block Diagram’s
signals to the corresponding port of a custom
component.
The upper port must be connected to the custom
component’s port.
The lower ports must be connected to the signals of the
Block Diagram. According to the technology:
• Hydraulic and pneumatic: The receiver port
represents the flow (Q) and the transmitter port
represents a pressure (P).
• Electrotechnical: The receptor port represents a
current, the transmitter port a voltage.
The units are defined in the component properties.

Block Embedding Customizable block in which the signal is processed

Component using an embedded circuit.

The embedded circuit is edited the same way as a

standard block diagram, given that at least one Input
port and one output port is added to it. The
corresponding input/output ports are automatically
added to the embedding component when added to the
embedded circuit.

Ports position, shape and dimensions of the block can

be defined by the user. It is possible to have multiple
layers of embedded circuits.

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5 Use case: Position control of a hydraulic cylinder
5.1 Presentation
The following example defines the steps required to develop the position control of a
hydraulic cylinder using the Block Diagram Workshop.

Prerequisite: General knowledge of the Automation Studio hydraulics library.

Figure 5-1: Cylinder Control Circuit and Output Graph

5.2 Instructions
1. Create a new project. In a standard diagram, create the hydraulic circuit shown in
the figure below. Set the properties of the cylinder, the pedal, the solenoids of the
directional valve, the pump and the orifice as shown on the drawing:

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 5-2: Hydraulic Circuit for Position Control Example

2. Rename the output variable of the pedal to “Control”;

3. In the same project, add a Block Diagram. Click on the button in the “New”
group in the “Home” tab of the ribbon then choose “Block Diagram…”;
4. Complete the Block Diagram as shown in the figure below. The blue square is only a
drawing, not a component. Refer to section 4 to find components in the library;

5-2
 Use case: Position control of a hydraulic cylinder

Figure 5-3 : Control Block Diagram for the Position Control Example
5. Rename the output variable of the output block (3) to “PID Output”;
6. Assign the output variables (left) to the input variables (right) described in the
following list. The components containing the variables are described in parenthesis.

a. Control (Pedal) → ? (Input Block 1);

b. Linear Position (Cylinder) →? (Input Block 2);
c. PID Output (Output Block 3) → Input Signal – Proportional Model (solenoid
#1);
d. PID Output (Output Block 3) → Input Signal – Proportional Model (solenoid
#2).

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 5-4: Assigning Variables to Block Diagram Components

7. Insert a y(t) plotter by clicking on the button in the “Measuring” group of the
“Simulation” tab in the ribbon;
8. Drag the following components into the plotter:

e. The cylinder, then select “Linear Position”;

f. The pedal, then select “Control”.
9. Adjust the plotter scale so that the range of both variables is between 0 and 1
(meters or without unit);

Figure 5-5 : Plotter Scale

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 Use case: Position control of a hydraulic cylinder

10. Start the simulation and watch the position response of the cylinder when the input
is modified. Change the values of the constants Kp, Ki and Kd of the Block Diagram
and notice the impact on the cylinder’s behavior.

© Famic Technologies Inc. 5-5

6 Use case: Custom modeling of a hydraulic pump
6.1 Presentation
The following example shows the creation of the behavior of a hydraulic pump using the
Block Diagram workshop. This means that the user can build the equivalent Block Diagram of
a technical component, which originates from the theoretical equations which describe it, to
implement the desired behavior as he wishes.

Here, we need to create the simplified behavior of a hydraulic pump, which can later replace
a generic pump from the main library in a hydraulic circuit. The user therefore has the
possibility to create his own model of a technical component to complement those available
in the main library.

Figure 6-1 : Creation of the Equivalent Behavior of an Hydraulic Pump

The Block Diagram of the pump will have as input values the displacement of the pump and
its driving speed. The real output flow is calculated considering its volumetric efficiency
curve as a function of the output pressure. This pressure will be a measured value coming
from the circuit where the pump will be used. The behavior includes the reservoir at the
pumps suction port.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide
6.2 Instructions
1. Create a new project containing a Block Diagram. From the Math Workshop, insert
the required components onto the diagram and link them as shown below:

Figure 6-2 : Example of a Block Diagram

 Use the icon in the components’ properties window to view all their properties
or only the favorites.
2. The upper Cursor will determine the pump displacement in cm3/rev and the lower
one the radial speed in rev/min. To give realistic orders of magnitude to the pump’s
values, open the properties of both cursors and edit the “Maximum Value”
respectively to 300 and 2000.

Figure 6-3: Maximum Value of the Upper Cursor

6-2
 Use case: Custom modeling of a hydraulic pump

Figure 6-4 : Maximum Value of the lower Cursor

3. Open the properties of the two “Customizable Component Block” components on
the “Builder” branch and delete one of the output ports, so as to have 2 inputs and
1 output;
4. In the properties of the first “Customizable Component Block”, in the “Equation
Editor” branch, edit the expression field to have the following:
(𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡1 𝑥 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡2) /1000

The output value of this component will now be the theoretical flow in L/min.
5. In the properties of the second “Customizable Component Block”, in the “Equation
Editor” branch, edit the expression field to have the following:
−(𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡1 𝑥 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡2) /100

The output value of this component will now be the actual flow in L/min.

 As a convention Automation Studio™, a negative value will result in an output flow in

the hydraulic diagram.
6. Open the properties of the “Graph y(x)” component on the “Technical
Specifications” branch and enter the curve made of the following data points:

Input Signal Output Signal

0 98

50 95

210 90

350 85

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

This component contains the volumetric efficiency curve of the pump as a function of the
pressure. So it receives as input the pressure from the circuit and as output produces the
volumetric efficiency of the pump in %, which will allow calculating the output flow.

The Block Diagram is now ready to replicate the behavior of a simplified hydraulic pump
taking into account the volumetric efficiency. This behavior receives as input the
displacement and the radial speed and calculates the output flow using the volumetric
efficiency and a pressure measured value.

What remains now is to make it so that the calculated flow can really be generated in a
hydraulic circuit, and similarly to measure the pressure in this circuit.
7. Insert the component “Fluid Adaptor” from the “Blocks” Library  “User-Defined” as
shown:

Figure 6-5 : Adding the Hydraulic Adapter Block Component

The Fluid Adaptor is used to ensure the link between the Block Diagram calculations and a
hydraulic circuit, via an associated port on the custom component.
8. Open its properties and change the units of the Output Flow and the pressure

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 Use case: Custom modeling of a hydraulic pump
respectively to L/min and bar:

Figure 6-6 : Measurement Units modified in the Properties of the hydraulic Adaptor

The received flow value will then be transmitted in L/min to the associated hydraulic port,
and the pressure measured at this port received in bar, as shown below:

Figure 6-7 : Operation Principle of the Hydraulic Adapter Component

9. On a standard diagram, draw the pump symbol and add an output to it port using

the button in the “Custom Component” section of the “Home” tab.

10. Open the port’s properties. In the “Associated Port” branch, select the adaptor’s free
port in the block diagram.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide

Figure 6-8 : Custom port association with fluid adaptor.

11. Create a custom component with the symbol and the behavior created. Add the
displacement and the speed variables as “Simulation Setting Variables”.

 For a step-by-step on how to generate the custom component, refer to the “Custom
Component” section of the Common Features User Guide.

6-6
A Glossary
Active Workshop

Installed workshop in which components are displayed.

Automation Studio™ Menu

Menu regrouping project management commands. It is also used to access the software
configuration dialogue box.

Block Component

Basic element used for creating Block Diagrams. A Block component is defined by its symbol,
Data and Behavior Type. The user can use the predefined types Constant, Input, Gain,
Integrator, PID and Output. He can also create his own types of blocks.

Block Diagram

Schematic consisting of Block components used for creating a specific mathematical model.
This model can be then saved as a custom component in the library.

Component

The basic elements used for creating diagrams. “Technical Data” are used to assess the
component’s behavior during simulation, and catalogue properties are used to generate
reports. Components are included in libraries provided with each workshop.

Connection

A connection binds two components and/or links them together. The connections’ color is
the same as the elements they are linked to, and is specific when not connected to any
element. Two connections from non-compatible technologies cannot be connected together.
For example, a pneumatic line cannot be connected to a SFC component and vice-versa.

Connector

Element represented by a red circle when not linked. It allows the connection of two
components. A connector becomes a connection as soon as it is connected to another

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide
element.

Contact Point

A connection that links a transmitter component to a receptor component and which allows
elements to influence one another’s behavior. A lozenge represents these contacts points.
Contrary to connections, the color of the lozenge is not affected by the connection status.

Contextual menu

Standard windows menu accessible by right-click, its contents depend on the element under
the mouse cursor.

Custom Status Bar

Custom bar to add commands for a quick access.

Diagram

A drawing that graphically represents a circuit or a model using elements and components
selected from the Automation Studio™ workshop libraries. Note that only SFC components
can be placed in a SFC diagram.

Display Tools

Designates the design accessories in the Diagram Editor: grid, rulers, connections and
connection numbers. Modify how they are displayed from the View menu.

Document Manager

Displays the contents of one of the project editor's windows. The document manager lists all
of the documents that make up the project.

Edit Mode

A mode of operation in Automation Studio ™ during which project diagrams can be created
and modified. There is another mode of operation, the Simulation mode.

Group

Two or more components forming a single entity.

A-2
 Use case: Custom modeling of a hydraulic pump
Library Explorer

A window containing the basic elements used for designing circuits or simulation models.

Link

A link connects components. During simulation, it is used to transfer information from one
component to another.

Mechanical Contacts

Mechanical contacts connect a sensor and a receiver making it possible for a component to
modify the behaviour of another component. They are represented by a rhombus that
appears at the point of contact. Contrary to connectors, the color of the rhombuses is not
influenced by the state of the connection.

Project

A group of documents forming a cohesive whole. A Project is managed by the Project

Manager.

Project Explorer

The tool used to create, modify and manage “project” files. The Project Explorer includes the
document manager that manages all the documents contained in the project.

Project Label

A brief description of the project appearing in the project summary.

Properties

Characteristics or parameters of a component. Change or view the properties by opening the

component Properties dialogue box.

Ribbon

The ribbon is a graphic user interface that appears in the upper part of the software window:
it consists of a table regrouping all the software functions, adapted to the data context.

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide
Simulation Mode

The mode of operation in Automation Studio ™ in which a project or a diagram is simulated.

Unlike the Edit mode, the Simulation mode, when active, does not allow any changes to the
project.

Status Bar

Horizontal bar located at the bottom of all utility windows. It contains various types of
information such as error messages, zoom factor, mouse cursor coordinates, etc.

Title Bar

The horizontal bar located at the top of a window that contains the title of the window.

Toolbar

A bar located under the menu bar that contains buttons for the most frequently used
commands.

Utility

A general designation for the different types of windows in Automation Studio™. The Core
System contains two utilities: the Project Manager and the Diagram Editor.

Worksheet

The entire surface available in Automation Studio ™ for generating diagrams.

Workshop

A module that plugs into the Core System. Each workshop contains elements, diagrams and
functions that relate to its own technological specialty and to the type of diagram it can
generate.

Workspace

The part of the window that displays the project information such as graphs, tables, and the
item list of the application.

A-4
B Index
FIR Filter .......................................4-7
Block Diagram
First Order Discrete Filter .............4-7
Creating Document ..........................2-3
Lead Lag .......................................4-7
Document’s Properties ....................2-3
Pole-Zero ......................................4-7
Block Diagram Categories Real Zero ......................................4-7
Continuous .......................................4-4 Sampler ........................................4-7
Discrete.............................................4-7 Filter
Discrete.............................................4-7 Dead Band ....................................4-5
Filter..................................................4-5 Hysteresis .....................................4-5
Mathematical ................................ 4-11 Limiter ..........................................4-5
Output ............................................ 4-25 Threshold .....................................4-5
User-Defined ................................. 4-25 Variable Dead Band .....................4-5
Block Diagram Types Input
Input .................................................4-1 Constant .......................................4-1
Cursor ...........................................4-1
Blocks
Input Variable...............................4-1
Continuous
Joystick .........................................4-1
Derivator ......................................4-4
Signal Generator by Curves .........4-1
First Order Transfer Function .......4-4
Sine Wave Generator...................4-1
Integrator .....................................4-4
Square Wave Generator ..............4-1
PID ................................................4-4
Step ..............................................4-1
Second Order Transfer Function ..4-4
Wheel ...........................................4-1
Discrete
y(x) ...............................................4-1
Delay ............................................4-7
Mathematical
Discrete Derivator ........................4-7
Absolute Value .......................... 4-11
Discrete Difference ......................4-7
Adder 1...................................... 4-11
Discrete Filter z ............................4-7
Adder 2...................................... 4-11
Discrete Filter z-1 .........................4-7
Adder 3...................................... 4-11
Discrete Integrator .......................4-7
Cosine ........................................ 4-11
Discrete PID ..................................4-7
Divide ........................................ 4-11

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Automation Studio™ – Block Diagram Editor User’s Guide
Multiplier 1 ................................ 4-11 Appearance ...................................... 2-5
Sine ............................................ 4-11
Document Properties
Square Root ............................... 4-11
History .............................................. 2-5
Tangent ...................................... 4-11
Information ...................................... 2-5
Naming Rule .................................. 2-15
Standards ......................................... 2-4
Output
Output Variable.......................... 4-25 Inserting a new block diagram ........... 2-1
Value Display ............................. 4-25 Project Explorer ................................... 2-2
Standards
Standards
Block Types and Appearance .... 2-19
By Default ........................................ 2-9
Components............................... 2-11
Components ................................... 2-11
Formula Appearance ................. 2-14
Connectors ..................................... 2-12
Links Functions and Appearance2-16
Copy.................................................. 2-9
User-Defined
Create ............................................... 2-9
Customizable Component Block4-25
Delete ............................................... 2-9
Hydraulic Adaptor ...................... 4-25
Edition ............................................ 2-11
Connectors Identification .................................. 2-10
Colour ............................................. 2-12 Last Modified ......................... 2-9, 2-10
Contextual Menu ................................. 2-2 List .................................................... 2-8
Options ........................................... 2-10
Creating Block Diagram....................... 2-1
Version ................................... 2-9, 2-10
Document properties
Use case ....................................... 5-1, 6-1

B-6