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Question 10

The document discusses: a) performing a partial fraction decomposition of the terms of a series, b) writing out the partial sums of the series up to the 12th term, and c) using the definition of convergence to determine if the series converges and if so, to what value.

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Waqar Mirza
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31 views

Question 10

The document discusses: a) performing a partial fraction decomposition of the terms of a series, b) writing out the partial sums of the series up to the 12th term, and c) using the definition of convergence to determine if the series converges and if so, to what value.

Uploaded by

Waqar Mirza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXERCISE 10:

∞ −2
Let the series ∑ n=6
(n−3)(n−5)
a/ Do a Partial fraction of a n.
b/ Write the Partial sum sn. Write precisely it until n=12 and then finish with a n−2 , a n−1
and a n (goal: see what is happening).
c/ Use the definition of convergence of a series to find if this series converges or not, if it
converges, then to which value.

a/ To find the partial fraction decomposition of a_n = -2/((n-3)(n-5)), we


need to express it as the sum of simpler fractions.

Step 1: Decompose the denominator

We can rewrite the denominator as:

(n-3)(n-5) = n^2 - 8n + 15

Step 2: Determine the partial fraction form

Since the degree of the numerator is lower than the degree of the denominator, the
partial fraction form will have the following structure:

a_n = A/(n-3) + B/(n-5)

Step 3: Find the values of A and B

To find the values of A and B, we need to clear the fractions and equate the numerators:

-2 = A(n-5) + B(n-3)

Step 4: Solve for A and B

Expanding the equation, we get:

-2 = An - 5A + Bn - 3B

-2 = (A + B)n + (-5A - 3B)

Equating the coefficients of n and the constant term, we have the following system of
equations:

A + B = 0 (coefficients of n)

-5A - 3B = -2 (constant terms)

Solving this system of equations, we find A = 2 and B = -2.


Therefore, the partial fraction decomposition of a_n is:

a_n = 2/(n-3) - 2/(n-5)

b/ To write the partial sum s_n, we need to sum the terms of the series up to
the nth term.

Step 1: Write out the terms of the series

a_6 = 2/(6-3) - 2/(6-5) = 2/3 - 2/1 = 2/3 - 2 = -4/3

a_7 = 2/(7-3) - 2/(7-5) = 2/4 - 2/2 = 1/2 - 1 = -1/2

a_8 = 2/(8-3) - 2/(8-5) = 2/5 - 2/3

a_9 = 2/(9-3) - 2/(9-5) = 2/6 - 2/4

a_10 = 2/(10-3) - 2/(10-5) = 2/7 - 2/5

a_11 = 2/(11-3) - 2/(11-5) = 2/8 - 2/6

a_12 = 2/(12-3) - 2/(12-5) = 2/9 - 2/7

Step 2: Write the partial sum s_n

s_n = a_6 + a_7 + a_8 + a_9 + a_10 + a_11 + a_12

Combining the terms, we get:

s_n = -4/3 - 1/2 + 2/5 - 2/3 + 2/7 - 2/5 + 2/9 - 2/7

Simplifying the terms, we obtain:

s_n = -4/3 - 1/2 + 4/15 - 2/3 + 2/7 - 2/5 + 2/9 - 2/7

Combining like terms, we have:

s_n = -4/3 - 1/2 + 4/15 - 2/3 + 2/7 - 2/5 + 2/9 - 2/7

c/ To determine the convergence of the series, we will use the definition of


convergence of a series.

The series ∑_(n=6)^∞ (-2)/((n-3)(n-5)) converges if the sequence of partial sums s_n
converges to a finite value as n approaches infinity.

From part (b), we have the expression for s_n. By observing the terms, we can see that
many of them cancel out:

s_n = -4/3 - 1/2 + 4/15 - 2/3 + 2/7 - 2/5 + 2/9 - 2/7 + ...
Notice that the terms -4/3 and -1/2 are constants, while the remaining terms involve
alternating positive and negative fractions.

As n approaches infinity, the alternating positive and negative fractions tend to cancel
each other out. However, the constant terms -4/3 and -1/2 will remain.

Therefore, the series converges to a finite value, which is the sum of the constant terms:

∑_(n=6)^∞ (-2)/((n-3)(n-5)) converges to -4/3 - 1/2.

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