Working questions for Exam for Forage and Pasture Production and Management (REBD

212) for both Animal Science and Range Ecology and Biodiversity Programs

1. Which one of the following is not recommended forage utilization options?

A. Cut and carry system or zero grazing

B. Preservation of forage for dry period utilization

C. Extensive grazing/ uncontrolled grazing

D. Intensive Grazing with proper stocking rate

2. Which one of the following is not the outcomes of well-managed grazing?

A. Allows healthy grazing lands to sustainable livestock production

B. Led to severe natural resource degradation

C. Reverse damage and help to restore grassland health

D. Soil, water and nutrients conservation

3. Which one of the following is the importance of introduction of improved pasture crops in
the farming systems?

A. Provide alternative and economical quality feeds

B. Improve soil fertility & enhance crop production

C. Serves as a soil and water conservation measures

D. It needs low cost once established E. All

4. Which one is best for intercropping/under cropping forage production and utilization
practices?

A. Legumes B. Improved grass

C. Shrubs D. Fodder Trees

5. Which one of the following improved legumes occupying the leading position in the feeding
of livestock in the world which is high in palatability, rich in protein, and high in calcium and
vitamin contents?

A. Chloris gayana B. Medicago sativa

C. Leucaena leucocephala D. Pennisetum purpureum

6. Which one of the following factors is not recommended for management of improved
pastures on the farm?

A. Selection of a fertile land for establishment

B. Good and timely land preparation

C. Extensive grazing after forage plant growth

D. Proper control of weed

E. Defoliation

7. Which one of the following is not true about the effect of plant maturity on pasture yield and
quality?

A. DM yield and nutritive values vary among species

B. Crude protein content decreases with plant age

C. Forage yield increase with maturity

D. Digestibility increase with plant maturity

E. Palatability decreases with plant maturity

8. Certified forage seed must be____?

A. Uniformly matured

B. Have high germination and seedling vigor

C. Free from weed seeds, seed-borne diseases and pests

D. Gives high yield and resistance to diseases and pests

E. All

9. Which one of the following is not true about Agronomic practices affecting pasture yield
and quality?

A. Integration of legumes with grass can give better DM yield and nutritional contents

B. Fertilizer application can increase both DM yield and nutritional value

C. Plant maturity can affect its digestibility and palatability

D. Crude protein increases with increasing crude fiber and maturity

E. Reducing cutting interval can improve nutritive value

10. Which one of the following is best improved grass species?

A. Medicago sativa (alfa alfa) B. Sesbania sesban

C. Panicum coloratum D. Desmodium intortum

10. Which livestock feed resource is a sown pasture that includes introduced pasture species
which have higher nutrient contents?

A. Native pastures B. Improved pasture

C. Straw and Stover D. Natural pasture

11. Which one of the following is an example of Extensive Production system?

A. Mixed farming system B. Pastoral Production System

C. Modern beef and dairy farming D. Ley farming

12. Which type of forage crop life forms are survive more than 2 years which have long life
span and more persistence that gives production for longer time?

A. Annuals B. Biannual C. Perennials D. All

13. Which method is based mixtures of herbaceous and tree legumes, and grasses planted on
contour bunds or in narrow strips along the contour which provide forage, soil erosion control
and pollination?

A. Alley cropping B. Cropping rotation system C. Over sowing

D. Roadside sowing E. Backyard forage development strategies

14._______is a type of semi-intensive farming system in which crops are dominant and they
produce small-scale livestock mixed with crops in mid-land and high land areas?

A. Livestock-crop mixed farms B. Crop-livestock mixed farms

C. Agro-Pastoral System D. Pastoralism E. All

15. In which types of livestock production system is market-oriented livestock production system
with improved forage feeding which results higher input and output?

A. Semi intensive farming B. Mixed Crop-Livestock

C. Intensive farming D. Extensive farming E. Ranching

16.Which one is a sown pasture that includes introduced pasture species which have higher
nutrient contents?

A. Native pastures B. Improved pasture

C. Straw and Stover D. Natural pasture

17. Which one of the following can affect the contribution of feed resources in livestock sector?

A. Agroecology (altitude) B. Accessibility C. Types of production

system

D. Availability and productivities of rangelands E. All

18. Which feed sources consists of naturally occurring a wide range of grasses, legumes and
other herbaceous species which comprises the largest feed resource in Ethiopia?

A. Natural pasture B. Crop residue

C. Agro-industrial by products D. Improved pasture

19. Which one of the following is not true about improved forage crops?

A. Intensive (high in-output) B. High dry matter yield & nutritive value

C. High intake, protein & digestibility D. Low fiber with High palatability

E. Unsown/ naturally occurring

20. Which one is Energy source concentrates feed?

A. Grain legumes

B. Animal slaughtering by products like meat meal

C. Wheat bran and molasses

D. Oilseed meals like soybean and cottonseed E. All

21. Which feed types have low crude fiber content and high in nutrient contents (protein &
energy)?

A. Roughage feed B. Concentrate feed

C. Crop residue D. Natural Pasture E. all

22. Which one is incorrectly matched improve forage species with its suitable production
system?

A. Chloris gayana grass mixed with vetch legumes

B. Sesbania Tree in backyard system

C. Elephant Grass in roadside and backyard

D. Lab lab in under cropping

E. Panicum coloratum in under cropping

F. Grass species in contour strips

23. Which is a fenced area of land covered with grass or other herbaceous forage plants which is
used for grazing animals?

A. Rangeland B. Farmland

C. Pastureland D. Fallow land

24. Which statement is incorrect about Perennial forage Grass species?

A. Complete their life duration with one year

B. Have long fibrous root system

C. High seed production

D. Have >1-year life span and can reproduce vegetatively

E. Best energy source feeds

25. Which one is not the common challenging factor for livestock feed resources and
productivity in the Rift valley and the Eastern lowlands of Ethiopia?

A. Overgrazing B. Climate Change

C. Rangeland Degradation D. Use of animals for Draft power E. Vector born

diseases
26. What is the Major feed resources in the central highlands of Ethiopia for its crop-livestock
mixed production system?

A. Natural Pasture B. Improved Pasture

C. Crop residue D. Agro-industrial by-products E. A & C

27. Which one is suggested feed resources development strategies for the highlands of Ethiopia?

A. Integration of forage with food crops

B. Production of supplemental forages

C. Improvement of natural pastures and crop residue

D. Develop conventional pasture technology for urban and peri-urban dairy and beef industries

E. All

28. Which one forge plant species is under the family of Gramineae or Poaceae?

A. Grass B. Legumes C. Sedge D. Tree

29. _____is a type of Seed storage in which the relative humidity and temperature of the store is
controlled by mechanical means?

A. Open naturally ventilated storage B. Conditioned storage

C. Unconditioned storage D. All

30. Which one of the following is the importance of introduction of improved pasture crops in
the farming systems?

A. Provide alternative and economical quality feeds

B. Improve soil fertility & enhance crop production

C. Serves as a soil and water conservation measures

D. It needs low cost once established E. All

31. Which one of the following is not an example of Multi-purpose Tree species?

A. Sesbania sesban B. Tree Lucerne

C. alfa alfa D. Gliricidia sepium E. None

32. Which type of forage seed has not absorbed water in laboratory seed germination test?

A. Normal seed B. Hard Seed

C. Abnormal seedling D. Dead seed

33. Which types of improve forage species have long root system that is more resistant to
drought and give feed for livestock in dry seasons?

A. Fodder Tree legumes B. Legumes

C. Grass D. All

34. Which is the factors we consider in Evaluation of forage Seed Quality?

A. Moisture content B. Homogeneity C. Germination

D. Incidence of noxious weed seed E. All

35. Which one is best for intercropping/under cropping forage production and utilization
practices?

A. Legumes B. Grass

C. Shrubs D. Trees

36. Which one of the following is not true about post harvesting seed management?

A. Store seed in dry and cool area

B. Care must be taken to minimize physical damage during threshing
C. Seed moisture have no problem on seed quality
D. Relative humidity can affect seed moisture content
E. High moisture content may cause damage of seeds
37. Which one of the following factors is not recommended for management of improved
pastures on the farm?

A. Selection of a fertile land for establishment

B. Good and timely land preparation

C. Extensive grazing after establishment

D. Proper control of weed

E. Defoliation

38. Which forage production & utilization strategy is appropriate for Tree legumes production?

A. Alley cropping B. Agro-forestry

C. Under cropping D. Backyard E. except ‘C’

39. Which one of the following is factors we consider in Grazing management?

A. Pasture utilization and Grazing strategies

B. Soil management

C. Stocking rate

D. Fodder conservation E. All

40. Which one of the following is not true about plant maturity affecting pasture yield and
quality?

A. DM yield and nutritive values vary among species

B. Crude protein content decreases with plant age
C. Forage yield increase with maturity
D. Digestibility increases with plant maturity
E. Palatability decreases with plant maturity
F. None
41. Which one of the following factors make high quality Hay?

A. Harvest grass at old age/after maturity

B. Grass with less legume’s component
C. Use grass which have higher stem percentage than leaf
D. Hay that has higher moisture content
E. Use young grass and legumes mixture, and dry it at short time

41. ______is a harvest by-product of crops where the stems and dead leaves is baled after the
grain has been harvested and threshed?

A. Straw B. Hay

C. Silage D. All

42. Which types of forage maintenance involves sowing improved forage species into common
grazing lands, native pastures and degraded areas without any cultivation or other inputs and
may use Arial snowing?

A. Under snowing B. Over Snowing

C. Direct Snowing D. All

43. Forage seed establishment may fall due to____?

A. Improper site selection B. Better land preparation

C. Proper weed control D. Correct time, rate and depth of sowing

E. Planting in Rows

Good time for your exit exam preparation!