MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT # Magnebe efpect of cumeur war cLiscovened boy HC Ovsted, 4 Blot Sawant laws— (i) The vector dBis perpendicular to both cl (which points inthe direction ofthe curent) and the uit vector # directed from dltoP. Pp (i) Te magnitude of Bis inversely proportional to 3, whee ris the distance am do . / (iy The magnitude of Bis propionate cunt and tothe magnitude dl ofthe length element Aye a , (iv) The magnitude of dB is proportional to sin® where @ isthe angle between dl and &. These ‘observations are summarized in mathematical formula known today as Biot Savart law at AB. Ah ° dba i ‘tor form. AB aw Lo vec’ fen dB « sine AB = Aw. i (aixs’) * 2 3 do « idt sing ul = e > |aB- ue farsind an Si Unit of magnebc-ield shrengt> Me permendility > fret space a qe “Ss 7 = tesla CT) Moz 4axit? Tm), = Woint Me 2107 Tm G5 unit = Gauss T= 104 Gaus aK A Forth dresion of dBi oft illowingmeboscanbeemployes. RUE WOW Rigur nond ®e:e@e@ tuum Rule pale Rute © 1@e © ale © ' 4 eoiee 6 ‘ ® O18 © f Applications of Biot Savart Law Magnetic Field Surrounding a Thin, Straight Conductor dB: Mo, tay sine 0= 904 46 (ary) romps Ya ABS Mo fol secbdd. sin(90-+1 qe tou Gn abt ot taut . aly = d sect de = bo te cosp.ai an . Ko, = [te = fas WS db a: be L (sing), = uel eee - sincp)) aK A 4nd Be Ne at)Note down the following point (Foran infinitely ong straight, i) The diretion of magnetic field ata point P duc to along, straight wire can be found by the right hand thumb rule. If we st ‘thumb of the right hand along the 8 four fingers to pass through P, the ® ie fingers at P gives the direction of 7 ‘magnetic field ther, Fig 2531 ice Bed graph for an infinitely long straight wire isa rectangular hyperbola as shown in the figure \ for servi: infinite usive A camci) camcii) canciiy 4907 (P= 90" Sa ° sino + sings] 5 . - ‘ 2 UN ee eae 1} az-0 p=90 B= Aol | sing + sings 7 a il J} B= tak [ sirtor sings] + [pe wai (14Siné) t pe ‘ui [1-sine] ana Gna 18. Figure (35-E6) shows a square loop of edge a made of a ‘uniform wire. A current i enters the loop at the point A = i iar ra dspace ure mus Chee [* Se J {he point P which x on the perpendicular bisetr of AB AK(Uu) Seay le yr = boi . a = oO aN Fant KOSS Boe 2 Moil2 Lax Ue } al 3¢ M6 (le) Cony (aust Brur= Baa Boe Pie ai Bret = wi[z- 2/0 a a . nal aie aaa Maro a siB Sos hav anon nepontdreion Nat mane eat pot Pie pe yak a gal 0 40538 dats Biz Moi shnsot siras]> Met © GR 2ac0s30 4n08 Bret = Mol fi-L+b-L+b ---- Sra | 2 ] = di wn) = Moi. uly) O al fod Hl 08 oy Ha od) 3508 4nBa Mal 02 wl 9 Ga Goa' an Toe © BeeMagnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Coil Pp B= pod sindo’ - Luwidt Gn HR) Gn (24k) Bret = JABcose oid «cose Gn (X4RY) * pei ease far Gn (2*4R) = pwixanRxR - moig Gn (eR) SARE 2 (REI doi Re neck Bret = Jae along - 2 alivecbon 34 trun ont N tuans fin te Coil [Bnet = Nuwoi CR exh. At teu contre of Hu UDP [(Beende)= NAtei 4 P QR - Go) errr one Parga ig ye gentile pry ynianniy stent pour gira Apacer magnified 7 " Hal (8. ‘The magnetic ae, We have shown gutta ° sl " + Feld ar tat curte 9 chy clr OAC 4 —. al {ste fidd cue to Umpeformning 20 angle at . Hu cenbe. = ant subkending auyle © at Hu wnbe ‘Biman so fe P gag Beerstre = ga me)Al straight wires are very long. Both AB and CD are ares of the same circle, both subtending right angles p= Mol —— w tlt) © Suet ft) 0 QR aR Ban's Mal 0 Bags Mat o an an Bre Holo w a the ve ia © fkeeon om Example 26.15 Figure shows a current loop having two circular ares joined by two radial lines. Find the magnetic field B at the centre O. ; Bree sie 0 Bxz moi /2)e SN a 2) 2b @ ST a= oiof 2 -4) ° un LO b. ‘An infinitely long straight conductor is bent into the shape as shown in figure. It caries a current | ampere and radius of the circular loop is r meter. Then the magnetic induction at the centre of the circular part is == Gas Mat D Buaps Mot a ARR QR i Bioral = wal fa -1) 2 t fin] ce ak 2 Be 2.1) (A) Zero eB Pan = (021 (K-1) aR Ampere’s Circuital Law The line integral f B- dl ofthe resultant magnetic field along aclosed, plane curve is equal tot times the total current crossing the afex Bounded by the closed curve provided the electric field inside the Joop remains constant. Thus, faa This is known as Ampere's circuital law. els ls po . i, fle dt = Lto-(f simplified form can be written as th $8 ae (ee) BL =H (int) i) But this equation can be used only under the following conditions. inet = iy-te ths (i) Atevery point of the closed path B || dl A i iad, all = iinet i) Magne asthe same mazitade Bat all lacs onthe closed path, Scacalcamesueae! If this is not the case, then Eq, (i) is written as, Bydl, cos, + Bydl, cOSB, +... =Ho ing.) Here, 6, is the angle between B, and dl) ,®2 the angle between B, and dl and so on. Besides the Biot Savart law, Ampere’s law gives another method to calculate the magnetic field due to a given ‘current distribution. Ampere’s law may be derived from the Biot Savart law and Bio Savart law may be derived from the Ampere’s law. However, Ampere's law is more useful under certain symmetrical conditions. To illustrate the theory now let us take few applications of Ampere’s. suital law. eg Magnebe field Aut to fapinite wire, te taklug te ojo GBR: Mo(Iner) “fy cal n guns 4 $edr= ui aig Ru divechen cr 2 Baars Moi ofa vector, tun al te CumenS , a [B= bol clivected 1 Has alivec tion af Hunn’ rye taKeN +ve, WET -Vve.Magnetic Field Created by a Long Current Carrying Wire ‘A long straight wire of radius & cartes a steady current that is uniformly distributed through the cross-section ofthe wire, W ayR Wy FER i, ii) 6B-aAt =e bo [i -4o") W ¢Bdt= Mo-iner Wy §Bats “Ghe) 2 pBat= pot . . 2 Bars Mol > BRMKe oe ° [Bai] 2 [Br ais 207 once fou eR a= wi wR Magnetic Field of a Solenoid ‘A solenoid isa long wire wound inthe form ofa helix. With this configuration, a reasonably uniform ‘magnetic field can be produced in the space surrounded by the turns of wire, which we shall call the interior ofthe solenoid, when the solenoid carries a current, When the turns are closely spaced, each can be approximated as a cireular loop, and the net magnetic field is the vector sum of the fields resulting fromall the tums (as done in Ar. 26.9) Ifthe tums are closely spaced and the solenoid is of infinite length, the magnetic field lines are as shown in Fig 26.53. {magnube fidd stxengih at Ha artis Of finite Solenoid 5 oe, ie ff ‘NN - cay ff Ni Po. of twins | tenglb= 0 L field ar point P duc fo dementory post = oles Moigt .ndx QC pba e tomo= X R B= [da = eine | dx xe Rt 2 (axe a dx- Asec’a dp : roinat ( tetea Zz A(Rrr ato aye < o = woinge | soot 2 Ment { see 2 a), sedO 2 1p -P = pont sho) - #f sfinx sfinc-p) Hen (s Tp tani [sina sing p)) B= sent sinar sing] qo finite souinsidg x= 90" B= 90" Eyal wai} pero field trmughout insiax Hw sounsid. ow semi- infinite Solunsidg x20', Bs 90) Be Meni z Or Ut unlve Of one end, @) find gia {nsiae ue {finite soni d using Amber's law 20 90.0 iN no. of qwanspo wil Wnglh= 9 AT if {i ININTAL §—ApPying, Ampercs lave UU (BAR i fe WWW ° ° on e Doe OO oo + [ats faa pat’ fp? wornst Aa 8 e = fad = Aonei A a Bt = dene Ls ITS TTT 2 [ee pentfled ak tr amine duit to demon tory ont = AB: Me Pp 8: een (te) B= faB= sie = Mextoi 8 nes fon B= 10 Mol La(2) Te Example 26.19 A device called a toroid (figure) is often used to create an almost uniform magnetic field in some enclosed area. The device consists of a conducting wire wrapped around a ring (a torus) made of a non-conducting material. For a toroid having N closely spaced turns of wire, calculate the ‘magnetic field in the region occupied by the torus, a distance r from the centre. appuging ee for a tin tarot coe 4Bdt= po: tne me OCLs 2 Pate Ato-(ni) N= D (10.3 tunrs]lergdn) 2 Bans Uo NT ani a Jee moni a= wont Qn8 52, Two large metal sheets carry surface currents as shown Se Ht in figure (85-E13). The current through a strip of width enagnatic field strength dus fo di is Kdl where K is a tant. Find the magnetic field f ttt the points P, QandR. im Cumenr Cc loge Sheet & ae Br Bn = no-4 sve | Lurgih = 9 0 Guid cuanenk trough each usrt=f cote BI = Bruns By 4Ba CESSES EH @ a Boet=d Br Bie Bs Loxk a [Brtlaz 0K $B Ul Mo Cine) 5 ‘8st facts faa? jaa faoenad) (@ Find magnebe field shengrh at the 2 -BL-Ba= — Lonti cenhe of stow ee (oo nt 2 sings ~ sina] x12 . C] a) ee ral = koi 6(G-1) a oy Bouin Blons-n © Maia opiIp]- 1% (Ry) = ez -® (os) rma te maprenc moucon vector song U GUE Og the current carrying wire configuration as shown in © figure-4.33. i: Pp SB ck= po inet 3 edt= Moline) 4 Bats Lo: trek Rae = OnRRE © Mol CH ana © wi flat7p cr = mei (-R) fae lay aac! 10, Two parallel wires carry equal currents of 10 A along the same direction and are separated by a distance of 20 em. Find the magnetic field at a point which is 20 em away from each of these wires an foA | 380% 107 x 1008/3, 10 A aoe 1-932 x10°4T RunQuestion 2 (Graded on «= Toe) 7 paemetrom wn emenas sets mroee scent $Bat = Ato-(iney FB Qptsh = Mo Tass 7 Biz Mo TS) a _ 2 & . - ae) Sa, 4 Fie 2: A cuanto of he we ded in Quan 2. “D7 Cee Ds oe (0) ety explain why ou coat the Ampere Mel lat tere he mage a fd de the cya shown In Pre 2. Og MOT 5, ©) Dewi meaning em eran engine z ing wand on ae a 204) (Ra) Bar = G+B= oF (5-5) 2 ‘A long straight metal rod hat a very fong hole of radius‘ diled parallel f0 the rod axis as shown in the figure. Ifthe rod carries @ current '! find the value of magnetic induction on the axis of the hole, where Ot=e here} C3 — ih sie ie Wap) Baa on © ee 1H magneti field at point © is zero then find out the value of 8. O=2 radian