COLOUR

COLOUR

"Colour is the visual

effect that is caused by
the spectral composition
of the light emitted,
transmitted, or reflected
by objects."

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How the eye see color??

Color originates in light. Sunlight, as we perceive it, is colorless. In reality, a rainbow is a

colors spectrum in which colours are present in white light. Light goes from the source
(the sun) to the object (the apple), and finally to the detector(the eye and brain).

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Colours exist in the larger context of human
vision.
Consider the fact that there are three parts to
the process of the perception of colour.
1. The medium - The colour as it exists as a
pigment/colorant (such as the colour of a
tangible object) or as light (such as the colour of
an image on a television screen).
2. The sender - How the colour is transmitted.
3. The receiver - How humans see colour. In
other words, how we receive information about
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 Why do we see the apple” RED”

⬗ The color of a tangible object

originates as a molecular coloring
agent on the surface of the apple. We
see the color of an object because that
object reflects “a color” to the eye.
Every color is the effect of a specific
wavelength.
In the case of the apple, we see the
color red because the red apple
reflects the specific wavelength of
red (640nm is red).

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 IMPORTANCE OF COLOR

⬗ Colour is a language. Colour is one of the most

fulfilling elements in our lives. Colour can attract
your attention or change your mood.
⬗ Colour is one of the first things you notice when
you walk into a room.
⬗ Colour creates a personality. From floor to
ceiling, paint colour reflects your style and
makes a personal statement.
⬗ Colour imparts visual alterations to any space.
⬗ Colour creates mood in an environment.
⬗ Colour makes a space pleasing.
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 “

⬗ COLOUR THEORIES

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 COLOUR AS A LIGHT
(Additive Colour Theory)

The sum of all the

colors of light add up
to white. This is
additive color theory.

⬗ Black is the absence of color (and is therefore not a color)

When there is no light, everything is black.
⬗ White is the blending of all colors and is a color.
⬗ Light appears colorless or white. Sunlight is white light that is composed of all the colors of
the spectrum.
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 COLOUR AS A Pigment
(Subtractive Colour Theory)

⬗ Subtractive colors are

what we see in paintings
and other art forms that
create color using
pigmented paints, dyes,
and similar products.

⬗ Black is formed by the addition of all the colours.

⬗ Technically, the mixing of three primary colours giver a grey tone.
⬗ Thus in pigments, black is a combination of all colours.
White is the originator of all colours in rays,, not in pigments.
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 “
⬗ Are black and white

colours?

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 Effects of black and white

White Black
Is the color of milk and fresh snow, Is the color of ebony and of outer
the color produced by the space. It has been the symbolic color
combination of all the colors of the of elegance, solemnity and
visible spectrum. authority.

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 Color Context
How color behaves in relation to other colors and
shapes.
⬗ Compare the contrast effects of different color backgrounds for the
same red square.
⬗

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 Color Context
How color behaves in relation to other colors and
shapes.

• Red appears more brilliant against a black background and somewhat

duller against the white background.
• In contrast with orange, the red appears lifeless.
• In contrast with blue-green, it exhibits brilliance.
• Notice that the red square appears larger on black than on other
background colors.

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DIFFERENT READINGS OF THE SAME COLOR

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 Color Psychology

Color in design is very subjective.

This is due to :
• Personal preference
• Cultural background.
• Cultural differences mean that
something that’s happy and
uplifting in one country can be
depressing in another.

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Want big impact?
Use big image.

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 RED COLOR

• Red is a very hot color.

•It is associated with fire, violence, and warfare.
•love and passion.
•Devil and Cupid.
•Red can actually have a physical effect on people, raising
blood pressure and respiration rates.
•Enhances human metabolism
•Red can be associated with anger but is also associated with
importance
•Red also indicates danger

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 OTHER EFFECTS

•Outside the western world, red has different associations.

•In China, red is the color of prosperity and happiness.
• In other eastern cultures, red is worn by brides on their
wedding days.
•In South Africa, red is the color of mourning. Red is also
associated with communism. Red has become the color
associated with AIDS awareness in Africa.
•In design, red can be a powerful accent color. It can have an
overwhelming effect if it’s used too much in designs, especially
in its purest form.
•Red can be very versatile, though, with brighter versions being
more energetic and darker shades being more powerful and
elegant.
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 ORANGE COLOR

•Orange is a very vibrant and energetic color.

•In its muted forms, it can be associated with the earth and
with autumn.
•It can be associated with health and vitality.
•In designs, orange commands attention without being as
overpowering as red.
•It’s often considered more friendly and inviting, and less in-
your-face.

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 YELLOW COLOR

•Yellow is often considered the brightest and most energizing

of the warm colors.
•It’s associated with happiness and sunshine.
•Yellow can also be associated with deceit and cowardice
•Yellow is also associated with hope.
• Yellow is also associated with danger, though not as strongly
as red.

•.

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 OTHER EFFECTS

•In Egypt, yellow is for mourning.

• In Japan, it represents courage.
•In your designs, bright yellow can lend a sense of happiness
and cheerfulness.
•Softer yellows are commonly used as a gender-neutral color
for babies (rather than blue or pink) and young children.
•Light yellows also give a more calm feeling of happiness than
bright yellows.
• Dark yellows and gold-hued yellows can sometimes look
antique.

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 GREEN COLOR

•Green is a very down-to-earth color. It can represent new

beginnings and growth.
•It also signifies renewal and abundance.
•green can also represent envy or jealousy, and a lack of
experience.
•In design, green can have a balancing and harmonizing effect,
and is very stable.
•It’s appropriate for designs related to wealth, stability,
renewal, and nature.
• Brighter greens are more energizing and vibrant, while olive
greens are more representative of the natural world.
•Dark greens are the most stable and representative of
affluence.
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 BLUE COLOR

•Blue is often associated with sadness in the English language.

•Blue is also used extensively to represent calmness and
responsibility.
•Light blues can be refreshing and friendly. Dark blues are more
strong and reliable.
•Blue is also associated with peace, and has spiritual and
religious connotations in many cultures and traditions
•. In design, Light blues are often relaxed and calming.
•Bright blues can be energizing and refreshing.
•Dark blues are excellent for corporate sites or designs where
strength and reliability are important.

•. 24
 VIOLET COLOR

•Violet is long associated with royalty.

•It is associated with creativity and imagination
•In Thailand, purple is the color of mourning for widows.
• Dark purples are traditionally associated with wealth and
royalty, while lighter purples (like lavendar) are considered
more romantic.
•In design, dark purples can give a sense wealth and luxury.
•Light purples are softer and are associated with spring and
romance.

•.

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 NEUTRAL COLORS

•Neutral colors often serve as the backdrop in design.

• They’re commonly combined with brighter accent colors.
•They can also be used on their own in designs, and can create
very sophisticated layouts.
•The meanings and impressions of neutral colors are much
more affected by the colors that surround them than are warm
and cool colors.

•.

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 BLACK COLOR

•Black is the strongest of the neutral colors. On the positive

side, it’s commonly associated with power, elegance, and
formality.
•On the negative side, it can be associated with evil, death, and
mystery.
•Black is the traditional color of mourning in many Western
countries.
•Black is commonly used in edgier designs, as well as in very
elegant designs.
• It can be either conservative or modern, traditional or
unconventional, depending on the colors it’s combined with.
•In design,black can make it easier to convey a sense of
sophistication and mystery.
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 WHITE COLOR

•White is at the opposite end of the spectrum from black, but

like black, it can work well with just about any other color.
•White is often associated with purity, cleanliness, and virtue.
•In the West, white is commonly worn by brides on their
wedding day.
• It’s also associated with the health care industry, especially
with doctors, nurses and dentists.
•White is associated with goodness, and angels are often
depicted in white.
•In design, white is generally considered a neutral backdrop
•It can help to convey cleanliness and simplicity, though, and is
popular in minimalist designs.

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 GRAY COLOR

•Gray is a neutral color and can sometimes be considered

moody or depressing.
•Light gray's can be used in place of white in some designs, and
dark gray's can be used in place of black.
•Gray is generally conservative and formal, but can also be
modern.
• It is sometimes considered a color of mourning. It’s
commonly used in corporate designs, where formality and
professionalism are key.
•It can be a very sophisticated color.

•.

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 BROWN COLOR

•Brown is associated with the earth, wood, and stone.

•It’s a completely natural color and a warm neutral.
• Brown can be associated with dependability and reliability,
and earthiness.
•It can also be considered dull.
•In design, brown is commonly used as a background color.
•It’s also seen in wood textures and sometimes in stone
textures.
•It helps bring a feeling of warmth and wholesomeness to
designs.
•It’s sometimes used in its darkest forms as a replacement for
black for backgrounds.

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 BEIGE AND TAN

•Beige has the warmth of brown and the coolness of white,

and, like brown, is sometimes seen as dull.
•It’s a conservative color in most instances, and is usually
reserved for backgrounds.
•Beige in design is generally used in backgrounds, and is
commonly seen in backgrounds with a paper texture.

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 TINTS AND SHADES

• A shade of color is made by

mixing that color with black.
Eg.PINK

• A tint of color is made by mixing

that color with white.
Eg.MAROON

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TINTS AND SHADES

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 PASTELS

•Pastels are the colours, have high value and low saturation.
• The colors of this family are usually described as
"soothing", "soft", “neutral“ lacking strong chromatic content.

• Mauve and baby blue are typical pastel colors.

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 COLOUR SCHEMES

•A color scheme is a plan for using a color or

combination of colors.
•It creates mood in the interior.
•It helps in visual alteration of any space or area.
•It helps in creating dominance in the space or
element.

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 NATURE BASED
OBJECT BASED
PRIMARY
NON MECHANICAL
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
TRIAD ANALOGOUS
MONOCHROMATIC
RELATED
COMPLEMENTARY
SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY
CONTRASTING DOUBLE SPLIT COMPL

MECHANICAL WARM
COOL
FEMININE
OTHERS MASCULINE
ACHROMATIC
NUETRAL
PASTEL
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 NATURE BASED

•AN INSPIRATION IS TAKEN FROM THE OBJECTS

FROM NATURE AND COLOURS ARE PICKED AND
APPLIED WITHOUT CHANGING THEM

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 OBJECT BASED

•ANY OBJECT IS TAKEN AS AN INSPIRATION AND

THE COLOURS ARE PICKED AND USED IN ANY
COMPOSITION OR AREA WITHOUT CHANGING
THEM

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 TRIAD

•Uses three colors that are equal distance from

one another on the color wheel
•Ex: Primary colors ,Secondary and Tertiary

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PRIMARY COLOUR SCHEME

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SECONDARY COLOUR SCHEME

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 ANALOGOUS COLOUR SCHEME

•Arrangement that uses three colors that are

adjacent on the color wheel
•Analogous colors schemes blend better when
colors are similar in value and intensity
•Red, Red- orange, Orange
•Blue, Blue violet, Violet

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 MONOCHROMATIC COLOUR SCHEME

•Using tints and shades of the same colour.

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 COMPLEMENTARY COLOUR SCHEME

•A grouping of colors that are directly opposite

each other on the color wheel
•Ex: red and green, blue and orange
•Can create a very bold effect when colors have
the same intensity
•A softer effect can be achieved when the colors
are of different values and intensities
•Ex: pink and forest green

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 SINGLE SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY COLOUR SCHEME

•Uses one color with the two colors on either side of

its direct compliment
•Ex: Orange, blue-green, blue-violet

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49
 DOUBLE SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY COLOUR SCHEME

•Uses one color with the two colors on either

side of its direct compliment
•Ex: Orange, blue-green, blue-violet

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 Let’s review some concepts

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and ripe Is the colour of the clear sky and Is the color of blood, and because
lemons. In the spectrum of visible the deep sea. It is located between of this it has historically been
light, yellow is found between violet and green on the optical associated with sacrifice, danger
green and orange. spectrum. and courage.

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and ripe Is the colour of the clear sky and Is the color of blood, and because
lemons. In the spectrum of visible the deep sea. It is located between of this it has historically been
light, yellow is found between violet and green on the optical associated with sacrifice, danger
green and orange. spectrum. and courage.

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