TEN BLESSED COMPANIONS.

(Ashara Mubashira)

HAZRAT ABU BAKR SIDDIQ (RA)

 His real name was Abdul Kaaba, he was born in 572 A.D and belonged to the respectable
tribe of Banu Taym, and the Prophet changed his name to Abdullah. He was known in
Makkah for his interest in camel hence he came to known as Abu Bakr
 He was two years younger than the Prophet and was his closest companion
 Even before accepting Islam, he refrained (avoid) from evil customs of Arabia, and was
known for his honesty and led a pious life. He was a wealthy tradesman
 He was the closest companion of the Prophet and was the first free male adult to Islam,
regarding this the Prophet said, “when I invited people to Islam, everybody at first
hesitated except Abu Bakr who accepted my call without any hesitation”
 Many people accepted Islam on his invitation Uthman, Talha , Zubair etc
 When the Quraish persecuted many poor converts and slaves, Abu Bakr freed many of them
by purchasing their freedom. Bilal was one of them
 When the Prophet started preaching Islam openly and faced fierce opposition, Abu Bakr
always remained by his side. Once when the Quraish attacked the Prophet, Abu Bakr rushed
and rescued him. When he returned home his hair were pulled
 When the Prophet narrated his experience of Mairaj to , he believed the Prophet without any
hesitation, and hence the Prophet gave him the title of ‘Siddiq’ (the truthful)
 He was honored with the company of the Prophet when they both migrated to Madina. Abu
Bakr entered the cave first and cleaned it and filled the holes for safety from insects. Once
when the Prohet was resting in his lap, a snake bit but he did not move as the Prophet was
sleeping. Prophet cured it with his blessed saliva. They both stayed in the cave of Saur,
regarding this the Quran says,” The two were in the cave, and he said to his companion,
have no fear Allah is with us”
 When the Prophet decided to build a mosque for Muslims in Madina, Abu Bakr purchased
the land from two orphans to build the Mosque there
 He took part in all the battles, in the battle of Uhad, he was one of the ten companions who
acted as a shield to save the Prophet from attacks. In the battle of Hunain when most of the
companions dispersed (left), he was one of those who remained alongside the Prophet and
told the Muslims to come back
 In 2A.H Prophet married Abu Bakr’s daughter Aisha which further strengthened their
companionship
 He supported the Prophet at the time of Treaty of Hudaibiya and tried to calm Umar when he
objected the terms of treaty

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 When the Prophet asked for funds for the Tabuk expedition, he placed all his wealth at the
Prophet’s disposal. When the Prophet asked him what has he kept for himself, Abu Bakr
replied, “ for me, my Lord and my Prophet are enough”
 He was appointed as the first Ameer-e- Hajj (the chief guide of pilgrimage)
 When the Prophet was ill and could not lead the prayers, he asked Abu Bakr to lead the
prayers.
 In his last days,, the Prophet said, “If I were able to choose a friend on earth, I would
choose Abu Bakr”
 When the Prophet passed away, many people including Umar were deeply saddened. At that
occasion Abu Bakr gave a speech to console the Muslims by saying, “Whoever worships
Muhammad, let him know that Muhammad is dead but whosoever worships Allah, let
him know that Allah is alive and will never die”
 It is believed that Abu Bakr suggested that the Prophet should be buried where he passed
away, hence the Prophet was buried in the quarters of Aisha
 He was elected as the first Caliph right after the demise of Prophet
 At the age of 61, almost 14 days after his illness, Abu Bakr passed away on 13 A.H

HAZRAT UMAR FAROOQ (RA)

 Umar was born in 583 A.D, forty years before Hijrat. He belonged to the tribe of Banu Adi
 He was a learned, educated and a good poet. He was tall, strong and a famous wrestler. He
was also a wealthy merchant and an influential person
 When Prophet started preaching Islam in public, Umar openly tortured many innocent
Muslims and became an enemy of Islam
 The Prophet prayed to Allah to strengthen Islam by either making Hazrat Umar or Abu Jahl a
Muslim
 Allah accepted the Prophet’s prayer. Once when Hazrat Umar was on his way to kill the
Prophet, on his way he was informed by Nuaym Bin Abdullah about his sister Fatima and
brother in law Saeed bin Zaid’s conversion to Islam. Hearing this, Umar immediately rushed
to his sister’s house and found out his sister reciting Quran. When she heard Umar’s voice,
she immediately hid the Quran. After she finally confessed that they both have accepted
Islam, Umar started beating them so much that she bled, her husband tried to save her but
Umar hit him too. When Umar calmed down, he asked her to read the verses of Quran to
him. His sister read t him the verses of surah Taha. When he heard the verses, he was deeply
moved by it and straightaway went to the Prophet who was at Darul Arqam and accepted
Islam
 This boosted the Muslims morale so much that now Muslims started offering prayers openly
outside Kabah. This gave Muslims confidence as Umar wanted to fight Quraish
 The Prophet was so pleased on his this act that he gave Umar the title of ‘Farooq’ (one who
can distinguish between truth and falsehood). He is known for his just and truthfulness, the
Prophet said, “Allah placed truth in the tongue of Umar and his heart”
 After his conversion to Islam, he became one of the devoted followers of the Prophet

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 He migrated to Madina shortly before the Prophet. Most of the Muslims migrated secretly.
However, Umar declared t openly to Quraish by saying, “ I am migrating to Madina, if
anyoe wants to stop me let him come, I am sure his mother will cry for his life”
 It was Umar who gave the suggestion of calling the believers to prayers by suggesting the
Adhaan who he listened in his dream
 He took part in all the battles; he was one of the ten companions who circled around the
Prophet when he was directly attacked at Uhad. He also took part in digging up the Trench.
 The Prophet married Umar’s daughter Hafsa
 He took the Bait of Rizwan at the hand of the Prophet. At the time of treaty of Hudaibiya, he
was unhappy with the terms and declared it to be unjust to Muslims. However at the call of
the Prophet, he was calmed
 Many verses of the Quran were revealed to support what Umar had suggested. He asked the
Prophet to order his wives to cover themselves. Later the verses of Surah Hijab were
revealed commanding the Prophet’s wives to observe veils by saying, “O Prophet, tell your
wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to draw down their veils all
over their bodies. That is more suitable that they will be known and not be abused. And
ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.”
 When the Prophet was about to offer funeral prayers of Abdullah Bin Ubay (leader of
hypocrites), Umar tried to stop the Prophet, on this Allah revealed, “And do not pray [the
funeral prayer, O Muhammad], of anyone of hypocrites who has died nor stand in his
grave. Indeed, they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died while they were
defiantly disobedient”
 The Prophet had great love for Umar he said, “if a Prophet were to come after me, it would
be Umar, but no Prophet would after me as I am the last messenger”
 In the Tabuk expedition, he placed half of his wealth at the Prophet’s disposal
 In the battle of Hunain , he was among the few companions who were by the side of the
Prophet
 Umar was deeply upset at the demise of the Prophet and said that he would anyone who says
that the Prophet had passed away, Abu Bakr calmed him
 Due to his wisdom, Hazrat Abu Bakr was elected as the first Caliph of Islam and was also the
first person to pledge loyalty to Abu Bakr
 The suggestion of compiling the Quran was given by Umar
 On his death bed, Abu Bakr elected Umar as the second caliph of Islam

HAZRAT UTHMAN BIN AFFAN (RA)

 His father’s name was Affan
 He belonged to the powerful and influential tribe of Banu Umayyad
 He was a kind hearted and a soft natured man. He was a generous man who was known for
helping the needy
 He was of the early converts of Islam. He accepted Islam on invitation from Hazrat Abu Bakr
 Hazrat Uthman (RA) accepted Islam easily partly because of the dream like vision he had
experienced whilst on a journey home from Syria. While trying to fall asleep Uthman (RA)
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 had heard a voice calling out, “O sleepers arise because Ahmad has emerged in Mecca” it
said. Until his return he had heard nothing about the new religion. Hazrat Uthman (RA)
contacted Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) who told him that he had taken an oath of allegiance to
Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and had accepted the new religion. He then took Hazrat Uthman
(RA) to see Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Hazrat Uthman (RA) listened to the account of
Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) experiences and the circumstances under which his
Prophethood was revealed. He immediately accepted Islam
 After conversion to Islam, his uncle tortured him, but he remained firm. (write both tortures
here from ‘life in Makkah’
 Prophet gave his daughter Ruqayya in hand of marriage to Hazrat Uthman. The couple
migrated to Abyssinia when the situation became worse for Muslims in Makkah. However
they returned after a rumor was spread about Makkans accepting Islam. About their
migration the Prophet said’ “ after Ibrahim and his wife, Ruqayya and Uthman are the
first couple to migrate in the way of Allah”
 2 years after staying in Abyssinia when the news was spread that Makkans have accepted
Islam, Uthman, Ruqayya and few other Muslims returned Makkah and saw that the news was
wrong. Though some Muslims returned back to Abyssinia but Uthman and Ruqayya stayed
in Makkah, after few years they migrated to Madina
 He is one of those few Muslims who migrated in the way of Allah twice
 In Madina Uthman through hard work made a name for himself as one of the most successful
traders of Madina. In Madina he bought a well from a Jew which is called the well of Rooma
and dedicated it for the use of Muslims. Here the Prophet gave him the glad tidings of
Paradise
 After migrating to Madina, he took part in all the battles except battle of Badr as his wife
Ruqayya was not well, he was left behind to look after her. In Uhad he was one of the ten
companions who surrounded the Prophet
 After the death of Ruqayya, Prophet gave his daughter Umme Qulsoom in hand of marriage
to him for which he came to known as ‘Zun Nurain’ possessor of two lights. On het death,
the Prophet said,” If I had any other daughter I would have given her in marriage to
Uthman”
 When the Muslim population increased in Madina and Masjid e Nabwi was too small to
accommodate all, Uthman bought the land adjacent to the Mosque to expand it
 Before the treaty of Hudaibiya, he was sent to Makkah to convey the message which
showed the trust Prophet had in him. The Makkans tried to persuade Uthman that he may
perform Umrah alone if he wished, Uthman refused. When the rumor was spread about
Uthman’s death, the Prophet took Bait e Rizwan to avenge his death
 For Uthman the Prophet said,” for every Messenger, there was a constant companion and
my constant companion in Paradise will be Uthman”
 After the success of Treaty of Hudaibiya, when many tribes accepted Islam, Masjid-e-
Nabwi became too small to accommodate and had to be extended, Uthman financed the
entire project by purchasing a piece of land
 When Madina suffered from famine and there was scarcity of water, Hazrat Uthman bought a
well from a jew for twenty thousand dirhams and offered it to all Muslims

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 He donated 1000 dinars and 200 camels and also donated war equipment for ten thousand
soldiers. In Tabuk expedition. On this occasion the Prophet said,” nothing will do any
harm to Uthman from this day on “He got the title of ‘Ghani’ for spending his wealth in
the service of Islam
 Uthman was a learned man and was also one of the Scribes of the Quran.
 He was a member of Majlis e Shura in the caliphate of Abu Bakr and Umar
 He was one of the six companions nominated by Umar as the next caliph Caliphate.

HAZRAT ALI IBN ABI TALIB (RA)

 He was the son of Abu Talib, belonged to Banu Hashim, was the first cousin of the
Prophet
 He was born 30 years after the birth of Prophet. Since his childhood, he was very close to the
Prophet.
 After Prophet’s marriage to Khadija, he took Ali into his own house to relieve Abu Talib of
some of his burdens since he was very poor.
 Since his childhood, Ali led a pious and a noble life, rejecting idol worshipping and the evil
practices of Makkan society.
 Once he saw Prophet and Khadija praying without any idol in front of them. When he asked
the Prophet why was that so, the Prophet recited few verses of Quran. Ali was deeply
impressed by the verses and immediately accepted Islam. He was the first child to accept
Islam at the age of 10 some say 11
 After this, Ali started to support the Prophet bravely, when the Prophet asked for assistance
from Banu Hashim in his mission, Ali was the first to respond to his call,” O Muhammad! I
shall be your helper, whoever opposes you I shall fight him as an enemy”
 He suffered boycott for three years along with Prophet and his followers
 He risked his life by sleeping in the Prophet’s bed, the night when Prophet migrated to
Madina and was entrusted to return all valuables of the people and later joined the Prophet at
Quba
 When the Prophet announced ‘Mawakat’ (brotherhood) between the Muhajareen and Ansar,
Ali went to the Prophet and said, “You have arranged brotherhood between all
companions but you have not arranged brotherhood between me and anybody” , to this
the Prophet replied “you are my brother in this world and in the Hereafter”
 The Prophet gave his youngest daughter Fatima in marriage to Ali in 2A.H.
 Ali is known for his bravery. He took part in all battles fought during the Prophet’s lifetime
except Tabuk in which he stayed back as the Prophet’s deputy. The hypocrites mocked Ali
by saying that Muhammad pbuh left him as he was displeased with him. When the Prophet
came to know about it he said to him, “ you are to me as Haroon was to Musa except that
there will be no Prophet after me”

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 Ali was one of the three companions who fought solo in the battle of Badr. He fought
Waleed in a one on one combat. He was one of the ten companions who surrounded the
Prophet at Uhad. Later Ali and Fatima washed the Prophet’s wounds
 In the battle of Trench, Ali killed Amr bin Abd wnd and his people in single combat
 He was a scribe of the Treaty of Hudaibiya. At this time, when Ali wrote ‘Muhammad the
Messenger of Allah’, the Quraish objected to it. However Ali did not erase it. The Prophet
then erased it and had him write ‘Muhammad son of Abdullah’
 He was one of the leaders who laid siege of Banu Quraiza
 At Khyber when Qamus had become difficult for Muslims to conquer, the Prophet one night
said, “Tomorrow I will give the flag to a man who by Allah’s will achieve victory. He
loves Allah and His Messenger and Allah loves him and His Messenger”. The next day,
Prophet gave the flag to Ali. Ali emerged victorious at Khyber by using the door as a shield;
he conquered Qamus and killed Marhab- the famous Jewish warrior. He is called as
‘Asadullah’- Lion of God for his bravery
 He was an expert in Arabic literature and writing and quoted 500 traditions
 Ali is not only known to be a warrior but also a learned scholar. He was one of the scribes of
the Quran. He is known for his knowledge and sharp intelligence, for which the Prophet said,
“If I am the city of knowledge then Ali is it’s gate “
 He was also one of the jurists of Madina. The Prophet appointed him as the Qadi (judge) of
Yemen. The Prophet said, “the most learned in legal matters is Ali”
 There are many other sayings of Prophet which show Prophet’s closeness with Ali, the
Prophet said,” I am from Ali and Ali is from me”
 When Hajj was made obligatory, Prophet sent Ali to go to Makkah and read to the people the
verses of the new teachings regarding Hajj
 After the Prophet’s pilgrimage when the Prophet was returning back to Madina, an incident
took place at Ghadir, Prophet took Ali’s hand and declared,” O Allah be the supporter of
whoever supports Ali and be the enemy of those whosoever opposes him”
 He attended the Prophet during his illness. He washed the Prophet’s body and lowered him in
his grave
 He took pledge of loyalty to all three caliphs. He was one of the leading advisors of Majlis-e-
Shura during the Caliphate of Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman
 He was among the panel of six people nominated by Umar to be the next Caliph

HAZRAT TALHA BIN UBAIDULLAH (RA)

 He was an early convert of Islam and was a cousin of Hazrat Abu Bakr, belonged to the tribe
of Banu Taym
 He accepted Islam on invitation of Abu Bakr
 He was severely tortured by Makkans but never gave up faith
 He took part in all the battles except battle of Badr as the Prophet sent him to spy on Abu
Sufyan’s caravan. When he returned, the battle was over but he received the share of the
battle

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 In the battle of Uhad, he protected the Prophet by making his body as a shield, suffered 70
wounds, lost two fingers in sword attack, suffered injuries in the head and was unconscious.
On gaining conscious, the first question he asked was about the Prophet. On this occasion,
Prophet gave him the title of ‘Living Martyr’ for his bravery, the Prophet said, “ if anyone
wants to see a living martyr, he should look at Talha”
 He brought the family of Abu Bakr safely after migration
 He was a successful merchant and used to spend a lot of wealth in the way of Allah. He is
known for helping people in need and debt , for this he got the title of ‘Fayyaz’ (generous)
 When Abu Bakr decided to make Umar as next caliph, Talha along with other companions
opposed it due to Umar’ anger
 He was one of the six companions who were nominated by Hazrat Umar to be the next
Caliph
 During the Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr and Umar, Talha was a member of the Islamic
Council
 He stood against Ali for delay in revenge against the assassins of Uthman. He was martyred
during the khilafat of Hazrat Ali by the rebels

HAZRAT ZUBAIR AWWAM (RA)

 Zubair was the nephew of Khadija and cousin of the Prophet as his mother Safiyah was the
Prophet’s aunt(daughter of Abdul Mutalib)
 He accepted Islam on the invitation of Abu bakr. Some believe he was the 5th or 6th to accept
Islam
 He was an early convert to Islam and was only 15 yrs old when he accepted Islam.
 He was the son in law of Abu Bakr as he married his daughter Asma
 He migrated twice in service of Islam, first to Abyssinia then to Madina
 Took part in all the battles and suffered major injuries in battle of Badr. He was sent as a spy
by the Prophet during the battle of Trench to bring news about Banu Quraiza
 He is known for his bravery just like his mother Hazrat Safiyah
 About him the Prophet said, Talha and Zubair are my neighbors in Paradise’
 He killed Yasir the younger brother of Marhab at Khyber
 About Zubair the Prophet said,” for every Prophet there was a helper and my helper is
Zubair”
 He was one of the six companions who were nominated by Hazrat Umar to be the next
Caliph
 After the martyrdom of Uthman, he demanded Hazrat Ali to take revenge of Uthman’s death
and for this the battle of Camel was fought in which Talha and Zubair were martyred by
rebels while offering prayers

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 MOTHERS OF THE FAITHFUL
Ummahat ul Momineen

HAZRAT KHADIJA BINT KHUWALID (R.A)

 Khadija was the daughter of Khuwalid who belonged to a wealthy noble family of the
Quraish. Her father left her great fortune on his death
 She was known in Makkah by the names Tahira- the pious one , Khadija-al Kubra-
Khadija the Great for her noble character
 She was twice married and twice widowed. She also had three children from previous
marriages
 She was a wealthy tradeswoman who used to send her goods for trading to other countries.
She was looking for someone to carry her goods to Syria. She hired Holy Prophet to carry
her merchandise to Syria as she had heard a lot about his honesty and trustworthiness. She
also sent her slave Maisara with him
 They both returned with huge profits and all dealings were carried out honestly
 On their return , Maisara informed Khadija about the Prophet’s fair dealing at Syria and that
he brought twice the profit was expected
 Maisara also narrated some incidents that took place on their return. Muhammad has stopped
to rest under the tree, a monk Nestora who was passing by saw this and told Maisara that
only a Prophet has rested under this tree. Moreover when Maisara was lying next to
Muhammad, he saw a cloud on top of him to protect him from heat of sun
 Later Khadija told these incidents and also shared her dream which she had to Warqa Bin
Naufal. In her dream she saw the sun descended outside her house and light up. Warqa
concluded that it meant that a Prophet would grace her home
 She was so impressed by Prophet Muhammad’s honesty that she sent a marriage proposal to
Holy Prophet through her friend Nafeesa. The Prophet accepted the Prophet after consulting
with his uncle Abu Talib
 She was 40 years old, Muhammad pbuh was 25 years old when they got married
 The Prophet became financially independent after this marriage as Khadija placed all her
wealth at his disposal , regarding this the Holy Quran says “ And He found you in need
and He made you independent”
 They had six children, two boys and four daughters. They were Qasim, Abdullah, Zainab,
Ruqayya, Umme Kulsoom and Fatima
 Khadija was a very loving and supportive wife of the Prophet Muhammad. She is the only
wife of the Prophet during whose lifetime, he did not take anyone else as wife
 After the first revelation incident when the Prophet returned home trembling, she comforted
him by saying,” Allah will never disgrace you as you keep good relations with people,
speak the truth, help the poor and the needy, serve your guests generously and assist
the deserving”. She took him to Warqa bin Naufal who further assured that Muhammad
pbuh is Allah’s Messenger

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 She gave moral support, and consoled the Prophet during his most difficult days in Makkah
 Many times when the Muslims of Makkah were tortured by Quraish it was khadija’s
encouragement which enabled Prophet to help them and financially support them
 Whenever the Prophet returned home depressed, she was always by his side to comfort him
 Khadija was the first person to accept Islam. She is the only wife of the Prophet who
suffered persecution of the early years of Islam and suffered severe hardships at the time of
boycott for three years and stayed with the Prophet in Shib Abi Talib
 She passed away in the 10th year of Prophet hood, she is laid to rest in Jannat ul Mala in
Makkah. Prophet named that year Am-ul Huzn, Year of Grief
 Aisha narrated that whenever the Prophet sacrificed a sheep he would send a portion of it to
Khadija’s friends
 One day, khadija’s sister Hala whose voice resembled Khadija came to the Prophet. As soon
as he heard the familiar voice, he said “it must be Hala, her voice is just like Khadija”.
Aisha, on hearing this said, “How that is you still remember that old woman who is no
more when Allah has given you much better wives.” On this the Prophet replied, “Never
better! She supported me at a time when everyone was against it and supported me
when there was hardly a believer”

HAZRAT SAWDAH (R.A)

 She was an early convert to Islam. She and her first husband Sakran bin Amr migrated to
Abyssinia, and returned to Makkah at the time of Khadija’s death.
 Her husband passed away and she was shelterless as her family abandoned(left) her due to
her acceptance of Islam
 After Khadija’s death, the Prophet was having difficulty taking care of daughter and
preaching his mission and after carefully considering the circumstances Prophet decided to
marry Sawdah to grant her support and for her to take care of the household work
 She took utmost care of the Prophet’s daughters, she was known for her mild nature. She led
a very simple and a pious life
 She was older than the Prophet, she is known to have a pleasant personality and was very
humble
 She migrated to Madina one year after the Prophet’s migration
 When the Prophet divided his time equally all his wives as commanded by Allah, Sawdah
many times gave her turn to Aisha, regarding this Aisha said, “Sawdah gave her turn to me,
so the Prophet gave me both days, my day and Sawdah’s”
 She narrated 5 traditions
 When the Prophet commanded his wives to remain indoors after his demise, she never left
her house not even for Hajj or Umrah
 She passed away in 22 A.H, laid to rest in Janat-ul-Baqi

HAZRAT AISHA (R.A)

DURING THE LIFETIME OF PROPHET (PBUH)
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 She was the daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakr
 She was born in 4th year of Prophethood
 She is the only virgin wife of the Prophet. She was very young when she got married to the
Prophet , wedding was solemnized in Madina in the second year of hijrat
 She was given in marriage to Prophet on her father’s wish
 She began to live in the Prophet’s house, where he would sometimes give her company while
she was playing with her toys.
 The Prophet did justice among all his wives but he loved Aisha the most. After Khadija’s
death, Aisha was the closest to the Prophet
 When the Prophet divided his time equally amongst his wives, many times Sawdah gave her
turn to Aisha. For this Aisha said, “Sawdah gave her turn to me, so the Prophet gave me
both days, my day and Sawdah’s”
 The verses of Tayamum were revealed when the Muslims were delayed on her account in
the desert. Aisha lost her necklace during a journey, the Messenger of Allah and the
companions stopped to look for it. During this the time of prayer was due and the
companions prayed without ablution. Later when they asked the Prophet if their prayers will
be accepted or not, at this point the verses of Tayamum were revealed incase water is not
available.
 In another occasion, Allah revealed her innocence. Aisha was on journey with the Prophet;
she went for the call of nature and got delayed. The people, who were carrying her hoodah,
put her curtained howdah on the back of the camel and left without noticing that she was not
on it. When Aisha came back they all had gone, she waited there in the hope that they would
come back for her. The next morning, a man who saw her sitting alone, made her sit on the
camel and travelled to Madina on foot and brought her back to Madina. This incident caused
a scandal. Allah revealed the verses of Surah Nur declaring her innocence. The Quran says,
“Verily those who brought forward a lie (against ‘Aisha) are a group among you.
Consider it not a thing. Consider it good for you. Every man among them will be paid
of the sin which they have earned, and as for him who had the greater share of the sin,
his will be a great suffering.
 She is known for her knowledge n sharp memory. She learned a great deal of teachings from
the Prophet. She has quoted 2210 traditions
 She has also bore hardships and hunger along with other wives of the Prophet as he lived a
life of sacrifice for others.
 After seeking permission from all his wives, the Prophet spent the last days of his life in
Aisha’s apartment
 According to Aisha, the last act of the Prophet was cleaning his mouth with a brush
made up of branch of tree and his last words were ,” Now, none but He the Most High,
is needed “He passed away in her lap and is laid to rest in her room
 She was 18 years old when she when was widowed, however she spent 48 years of her life in
service of Islam
AFTER PROPHET’S DEMISE
 She became an authority on matters of Islamic legal thinking, especially those related to
women and purity.

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 She was also an expert on Fiqh. Even the senior companions sought her permission in
matters related to Fiqh
 Due to the misunderstandings, she fought against Hazrat Ali in the battle of camel, she was
defeated and returned to Madina respectfully
 She was exceptionally good in Tafseer and Arabic language
 She never accepted any Hadith which contradicted the Quran
 She would often purchase slaves in order to free them
 She passed away in 58 A.H, and is laid to rest in Jannat ul Baqi
 In Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal collection of hadith, he devoted one section to Musnad of Aisha,

HAZRAT HAFSA (R.A)

 She was the daughter of Hazrat Umar. She was born five years before Prophethood.
 She was first married to Khunais bin Huzaifa. They migrated to Abyssinia and later to
Madina
 Her husband was martyred in the battle of Badr, she became a widow at the age of 18
 After the waiting period (iddat) Prophet married her to give her support and respect
 She alongside Hazrat Aisha is also known for her knowledge. She narrated 60 traditions
 Hafsa spent her time in prayers and fasting.
 After the martyrdom of Hazrat Umar she became the custodian of the original copy of the
Quran, i.e Mashaf al Hafsa
 During Hazrat Uthman’s caliphate when copies of the Quran had to be made in the dialect of
Quraish, she sent the original copy to Hazrat Zaid immediately
 She passed away in 45 A.H, at the age of 63 and is laid to rest in Jannat ul Baqi
 Her brother Abdullah Bin Umar distributed all her property and wealth among the poor and
needy

HAZRAT UMME-SALAMAH (R.A)

 Her real name was Hind. Her father was the leader of Makhzum tribe
 She was married to Abu Salamah, while she was known Umme Salamah due to her son
Salamah.
 The couple was an early convert to Islam. They migrated to Abyssinia to escape from
persecution of Quraish but returned to Makkah after they heard the rumor. Later they
migrated to Madina.
 Abu Salamah suffered fatal injuries in the battle of Uhad and died. After the waiting period,
Prophet sent her a marriage proposal. She hesitated to accept as she was older than the
Prophet and had children, however after sometime she accepted and their marriage took place
in 4A.H

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 Next to Aisha, Umme Salamah is known for her quest for learning. She quoted many
traditions on the authority of her first husband
 The Prophet consulted her in many matters. At the time of Treaty of Hudaibiya, the
Muslims were sad and reluctant to shave their heads and offer sacrifice. It was Umme
Salamah who suggested that the Prophet should shave his head and offer sacrifice, hence he
followed her advice and Muslims followed his example
 She also requested the Prophet to forgive the three companions who refused to go to Tabuk
expeditions
 She was an honest and a generous lady, she was also very learned she used to teach many
Muslims women on religious matters.
 She narrated 378 traditions.
 She died in 63A.H , she outlived all wives of the Prophet , and is laid to rest in Janat ul
Baqi

HAZRAT ZAINAB BINT JAHSH (R.A)

 She was the daughter of the Prophet’s aunt Umaimah Bin Abdul Mutalib, hence she was
the first cousin of the Prophet.
 She was an early convert to Islam. She was first married to Zaid bin Harith, freed slave and
adopted son of the Prophet. Although she and her brother were not in favor of the match but
they agreed on the wishes of the Prophet. the marriage did not prove successful and hence
Zaid divorced her.
 After this, the Prophet married her as Allah commanded him to make it clear that marriage to
the wives of adopted sons is allowed in Islam unlike the Arabs who did not agree to this
custom, the Quran says, “Then when Zaid had divorced her, We gave her to you in
marriage in order that in future there may be no difficulty to the believers in the
matters of marriage with the wives of the adopted sons when the adopted sons have
dissolved the marriage”
 The Prophet had a valima reception at his this wedding.
 Zainab used to boost before other wives of the Prophet that their marriage was contracted by
their families but her marriage was contracted in heaven
 Once she cooked a dish which had a very strong smell, the Prophet like it. The other wives
found fault with its smell out of jealousy and the Prophet swore that he will not taste it again.
Just then, a revelation came forbidding him not to give up something which Allah has made
lawful to him to please his wives.
 Zainab was a very generous lady. She was the only wife of the Prophet who refused help
from quarter after the demise of Prophet. She used to do needle work to meet her expenses
 She was the first wife of Prophet who died after him, he said, “The longest handed of my
wife shall be the first to join me in Paradise” By long hand he meant the most generous.
 She passed away in 20 A.H, she is laid to rest in Jant ul Baqi

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 DESCENDANTS OF THE PROPHET
HAZRAT ZAINAB BINT MUHAMMAD (R.A)
 She was married to Abul Aas the son of Khadija’s sister. After Prophet hood on Muhammad
(SAW), Zainab accepted Islam, however her husband didn’t
 In battle of Badr, Abul Aas fought against Muslims, later he was taken as a captive. When
the condition to pay for freedom was granted, she sent her necklace to free her husband.
When the Prophet saw the necklace tears rolled down his eyes as he recognized that it was
the same necklace which Hazrat Khadija gave to Hazrat Zainab on her wedding
 Abul Aas was freed and the necklace was returned to him on a condition that he would sent
Zainab to Madina as now it was not allowed to live with a non-muslim husband
 She lived in Madina for six years without marriage
 After sometime he also came to Madina and embraced Islam
 Zainab was attacked by Hammad bin Aswad due to which she had a miscarriage and hence
passed away in 8 A.H
 Regarding Zainab the Prophet said, “ she is the best amongst my daughters, for my sake
she has suffered so much

HAZRAT RUQAYYA (R.A)

 She was given in marriage to the son of Abu Lahab Utbah before Prophet hood
 After Prophethood Abu Lahab made his son divorce Ruqayya as he turned the bitterest
enemy of Islam and to give mental torture to the Prophet
 Later she was given in marriage to Hazrat Uthman
 They were the first couple to migrate to Abyssinia to escape persecution, for which the
Prophet had the highest regard. Regarding their migration the Prophet said, “ It is the first
couple to migrate in the way of Allah after Ibrahim and his wife”
 They returned to Makkah in 10th year of Prophet hood, later migrated to Madina
 She fell ill and passed away in 2 A.H. at the age of 21 when her father had gone for battle of
Badr, she was laid to rest in Janat ul Baqi

HAZRAT UMME KULSOOM (R.A)

 She was given in marriage to another son of Abu Lahab Utaibah before Prophethood After
Prophethood Abu Lahab made his son divorce Umme Kulsoom
 After the divorce, Utaibah came to the Prophet and insulted him so much that the Prophet
cursed him. Utaibah was severed by a lion while he was sleeping during journey
 She migrated to Madina with Hazrat Sawdah
 After the death of Ruqayya, she was given in marriage to Hazrat Uthman who took utmost
 care of her, hence Hazrat Uthman’s title is Zun Norain (possesser of two lights)

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 She passed away in 9 A.H at the age of 25. The Prophet himself laid her in her grave.

HAZRAT FATIMA (R.A)

 She was the youngest daughter of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
 She is known as ZEHRA the shining one, she is also known as BATOOL-the pure one as
she was very regular in prayers ad recitation of Quran
 She was born 5yrs before Prophet Hood.
 She saw persecution and torture on her father. Once while Fatima and Prophet were
performing Tawaf around the Kabah. The Quraish tried to strangle the Prophet with a sheet.
When Fatima shouted for help, Abu Bakr came and rescued the Prophet. another time when
Abu Jahl threw filth on the Prophet while he was in prayers, Fatima rushed to her father and
wiped away the filth from her father’s head
 She migrated to Madina with Hazrat Sawdah
 She was given in marriage Hazrat Ali 2 years after migration to Madina. The dowry was 480
Dirhams. She was 16 and he was 21 at the time of marriage. They had three sons Hasan and
Hussain, Mohsin, and two daughters Zainab and Umme Kulthum The Shia Imams are
descendants of Ali and Fatima
 She is known for her simplicity, by doing all household work herself. The shoulder on which
she used to carry pitchers of water were swollen and the hand with which she used to grind
corn, flour was often covered with blisters
 She was the dearest to the Prophet and resembled the Prophet in the manner of sitting and
conversation. Whenever she walked in a room, the Prophet would stand up and welcome her,
kiss her forehead and make her sit on his place. Fatima also would do the same whenever
Prophet walked in a room. Whenever the Prophet would go on a journey he would meet
Fatima before leaving, whenever he would return from journey he would meet Fatima first
 The Prophet said “ Fatima is a piece of my flesh, he who hurts Fatima hurts me”
 In the battle of Uhad when the Prophet’s helmet smashed on his head and blood covered his
face and one front tooth broke, Hazrat Ali brought water and Fatima washed the wound.
When the blood didn’t stop running down, she burnt a mat and placed its ashes on the wound
which stopped the blood from oozing out.
 In the battle of Trench, she alongside other women prepared food for Muslims
 She accompanied the Prophet for Umrah in 7A.H. she also accompanied the Prophet at the
time of Conquest of Makkah
 She often had blisters in her hands due to constant use of millstone, and so she asked the
Prophet for a servant to which the Prophet said, “May I inform you of something better
than that? Recite 33 SubhanAllah, 33 times Alhamdulillah and 34 times Allah o
Akbar”. This is called Tasbeeh Fatima
 Before his demise, the Prophet informed Fatima about his death, she cried a lot. After a pause
the Prophet said,” O Fatima, don’t you like to be the head of all ladies of Paradise or the
head of all lady believers? Hearing this, she smiled

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 She passed away six months after Prophet’s demise, in 11 A.H at the age of 29. She is laid to
rest in Janat ul Baqi
 Aisha was once asked that who among the women were the dearest to the Prophet, Aisha
replied, “Fatima” and who among the men was dearest to the Prophet, Aisha replied, “Her
husband”

LEADING COMPANIONS
ABU TALIB BIN ABDUL MUTALIB
 Abu Talib was an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and the father of Ali bin Abu
Talib.
 He became the guardian of the Prophet after the death of his father Abdul Mutalib when the
Prophet was 8 years old
 Abu Talib treated him like his own son and showered him with love and affection, he used to
make him sleep in his bed, eat by his side and used to take him wherever he wanted to go,
when Prophet was a boy he used to look after his sheep
 When the Prophet was 12 years old, Abu Talib took him to Syria on a trade journey, where
he met Bahira, a Christian monk who saw the signs of Prophethood in Muhammad (pbuh).
He told Abu Talib to protect Muhammad (pbuh) from the Jews, Abu Talib immediately sold
his merchandise and went back
 When Khadija proposed marriage to Muhammad (pbuh), the Prophet consulted Abu Talib
regarding the proposal, Abu Talib arranged the marriage and delivered a sermon of the
Nikah
 After Prophethood, when the Prophet faced opposition and persecution from Quraish, Abu
Talib being the leader of Banu Hashim granted tribal protection (Jiwar) to the Prophet
 When the Quraish came to Abu Talib with a delegation and told Abu Talib to either
withdrew his protection or restrain the Prophet and when the Prophet refused the Quraish’s
offer, Abu Talib said to Prophet, “Go and preach what you please, by God I will not
forsake you”
 In the 7th year of Prophethood when the Quraish boycotted Banu Hashim and Banu Mutalib,
it was Abu Talib who suggested going to Shib Abi Talib which was Abu Talib’s property
and staying there. He along with other companions of Prophet stayed there for three years
and suffered a lot
 After returning back to Makkah in the 10th year of Prophethood, Abu Talib died, that year
came to be known as Am-ul-Huzn theYear of Grief’. After his death Abu Lahab became
the leader of Banu Hashim, he refused Jiwar for the Prophet, Prophet faced severe
persecution then, Prophet recalled that time by saying,” By God, Quraish never harmed me
so much as after the death of Abu Talib”

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 HAZRAT BILAL IBN RABAH (R.A)
 Bilal was born in Hijaz. His father Rabah was an Arab slave, his mother who was a former
was captured later and put to slavery, hence Bilal was also taken as slave by Umayyah bin
Khalaf
 He is said to one of the seven early converts to Islam
 For accepting Islam, he was tortured mercilessly by his master, he used to beat him with
sticks, and he would drag him to the streets with a rope around his neck. He would also make
him lye on hot burning sand and place heavy rock on his chest and when his master would
order to give up Islam, Bilal replied, “Ahad Ahad!”
 Abu Bakr purchased his freedom and set him, later Bilal migrated to Madina
 When the Adhan dream was shared by Abdullah bin Zaid and Umar, the Prophet chose to
deliver the Adhan as he had a beautiful voice
 He took part in all battles during the lifetime of Prophet. he killed his former master in the
battle of Badr
 Bilal also accompanied the Prophet in his journeys, he would wake him up for prayers,
saddle his horse
 The Prophet appointed Bilal secretary of treasure in Madina, this gave him a prominent
position in Madina cutting all social barriers
 When Makkah was conquered, Bilal climbed on top of Kaaba to deliver the Adhan, this was
the first call of Adhan in Makkah
 When the Prophet went to Mairaj, and later when he revealed the incident he (pbuh) said,” I
heard the footsteps of Bilal in Paradise”
 After the Prophet’s demise Bilal left Madina for Jihad and called Adhan again. However,
when Caliph Umar visited Jerusalem to sign peace treaty, he requested Bilal to deliver the
Adhan
 He was very pious; he married in Syria and settled there. Once he had a dream of Prophet
calling him, he went to Madina and met Prophet’s grandson Hassan who comforted him and
asked to deliver the Adhan. On hearing Bilal’s Adhan everyone became emotional and
remembered the time of the Prophet and tears rolled out of their eyes
 He died in 20A.H and is buried in Damascus

HAZRAT HAMZA IBN ABDUL MUTALIB (R.A)

 He was an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
 He was born in Makkah and was two years older than the Prophet. he was also Prophet’s
foster brother because Thaubiyah the slave girl of Abu Lahab who suckled the Prophet also
suckled Hamza
 He was a brave man, he was a great wrestler and was fond of hunting
 Once when the Prophet was insulted by Abu Jahl at Safa hill, Hamza came from hunting and
was informed about the incident, he immediately went to Abu Jahl and struck him a bow and

16
 announced to have accepted Islam publicly. Later he went to Dar-ul-Arqam and accepted
Islam at the hand of the Prophet
 He migrated to battles and took part in all battles
 He was among the three warriors who were sent for one on one combat with Quraish before
battle of Badr began. He killed Utba there
 Utba’s daughter Hind swore revenge for her father’s death on Hamza, for which she hired
Wahashi. He killed Hamza in the battle of Uhad with his spear. Hind mutilated his body and
chewed his liver
 The Prophet gave him the title ‘Syed-ul-Shuhada’ (chief of all martyrs)
 The Prophet led his funeral prayers.

HAZRAT ABU SUFYAN IBN HARB

 He was from the tribe of Banu Ummayad and was one of the leaders of Makkah, very
powerful and one of the respectable man of Quraish
 He was one of the bitterest enemies of Islam, and was also one of the delegation which came
to Abu Talib to stop Prophet from preaching Islam
 He was also the father in law of the Prophet as Prophet married Abu Sufyan;’s daughter
Ramlah, who later was called Umme Habibah
 In 624A.D Abu Sufyan was returning from Syria with a successful trade, Prophet decided to
attack his caravan, however Abu Sufyan managed to escape and reached Makkah and battle
of Badr was fought
 After all leaders of Makkah died in Badr, Abu Sufyan was announced as the leader of
Makkah
 He was the leader of Quraish army and fought Muslims in Bttle of Uhad and battle of
Trench
 When the Prophet wrote a letter to Heraclius inviting him to Islam, Abu Sufyan was in
Jerusalem for business. Heraclius called on Abu Sufyan and asked the Prophet’s character.
Abu Sufyan attested that the Prophet was truthful and honest
 When the treaty of Hudaibiya was dissolved , Abu Sufyan went to Madina to renegotiate the
terms but the Prophet refused
 He accepted Islam the night before conquest of Makkah, before entering Makkah the
Prophet announced that whosoever was in the house of Abu Sufyan will be safe
 He took part in the battles of Hunain, siege of Taif. He lost his one eye during siege of Taif,
he lost his second eye in the battle of Yarmuk, he died in 31A.H IN Madina

HAZRAT KHALID BIN WALID (R.A)

 He was from the tribe of Banu Makhzom
 Although his elder brother Walid bin Walid was an early convert to Islam, yet Khalid bin
Walid and his father Walid bin Mughira opposed Islam in its early years

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 He learnt horse riding,wrestling from an early age and grew up to be a brave warrior
 He did not take part in battle of Badr. However due to his battlefield tactics, Muslims lost the
winning battle at Uhad
 He stopped the Muslims from entering Makkah before treaty of Hudaibiya
 His elder brother Walid several times wrote letters to Khalid convincing him to accept Islam.
When Khalid decided to convert to Islam, he shared this matter with Ikrama son of Abu Jahl
who supported him, later when Abu Sufyan learnt about it he threatened to kill Khalid, at that
point Ikrama said,”Khalid is free to follow whatever religion he follows”
 In 629, Khalid set out for Madina. On the way he met 'Amr ibn -'As and ‘Uthman ibn
Talha, who were also going to Madina to convert to Islam
 He took part in battle of Muta, when all three Muslims commanders died in the battle,
Muslims voted for Khalid to step up and lead Muslims. It was due to his flawless war tactics
that the Muslims returned safely. It is reported tht the fighting was so intense that Khalid
broke 9 swords in the battle while fighting. He was given the title of Saifullah-sword of Allah
after this battle
 Before the conquest of Makkah it was Khalid’s army that was attacked by Bnau Bakr.
However Khalid’s army won the skirmish
 During the Prophet’s pilgrimage, when the Prophet shaved his head, Khalid collected three
hairs of the Prophet, when the Prophet asked about it, Khalid replied,” I will keep these
hairs with me forever as a relic so that they will help me be victorious in battles by
Allah’s will. “Later he sewed those hairs in his cap, which he always wore under his turban,
 In the caliphate of Abu Bakr, Khalid bin walid subdued the Apostasy Movement and the
false prophets especially Musailma in the battle of Yamama
 He also played crucial in expanding Islamic empire by conquering Persiand and Byzantine
lands. He conquered Hira-hub of Persian empire, and Ajnadeen, historic lands of Byzantines
during Abu Bakr’s caliphate
 In Umar’s caliphate, Damascus was captured under his leadership and key cities of Byzantine
empire were captured after Yarmuk
 During the battle of Yarmuk, Umar took the leadership of battle from Khalid bin Walid and
gave it to Abu Ubaidah Bin Jarrah, regarding this Umar said,” I did not fire Khalid due to
anger or mistrust, the reason was just that I wanted people to know that it is Allah who
gives victory to believers”
 During his last days, he said,” I fought in many battles, proceeding (towards the
enemies); and there is no spot of my body left without a scar, it has either a sword’s
strike, a spear’s pierce or an arrow’s throw. And now I’m dying on my bed, in the same
way as the camel dies. May the eyes of the cowards never sleep.”
 He died in 21A.H, and is buried in Syria.
 Scholars have commented that the reason he died a natural death was that he was ‘The Sword
of Allah’ and thus it was not possible for him to be killed by another man.

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 HAZRAT ZAID BIN HARITH (R.A)
 Zaid belonged to an influential family; he was kidnapped and later sold a slave.
 A nephew of Khadija Hakim bought him in Syria and he gave him to Khadija. Khadija gave
Zaid to Prophet Muhammad before Prophethood was revealed to him, the Prophet later freed
him
 His family never stopped looking for him; they heard he was in Makkah and arrived with a
ransom to free him; the Prophet gave him a choice to go with his father and uncle or to
remain with him; Zaid chose to remain with the Prophet, it was at this time the Prophet
adopted him, took him to Kaaba and gave him the name ‘Zaid Bin Muhammad’ and said,” I
bear witness that Zaid is my son and in case if I die first then Zaid would inherit from
me and if he dies first then I will inherit from him”. In the later years of Prophethood,
Allah commanded Prophet to call Zaid by his real name by saying,” Call them by [the
names of] their fathers; it is more just in the sight of Allah
 When the Prophet invited people to Islam, Zaid was among the first four to accept Islam.
 He suffered persecution at the hands of Quraish and at the time of boycott
 He accompanied the Prophet on his visit to Taif. When the street boys threw stones at the
Prophet, Zaid tried his best to shield the Prophet, his head was severely wounded
 He migrated to Madina, later the Prophet sent him back to his wife and daughters Umme
Kultoom and Fatima to Madina. He took part in all battles
 Zaid was married to Umme Aimen, they had a son Usama bin Zaid, the Prophet used to take
Usamah and Hasan in his laps and say, “O Allah! love them as I love them”
 The Prophet also married Zaid to his first cousin Zainab bint Jahsh, however the marriage
was not successful and Zaid divorced her within a year.
 Zaid is the only companion of the Prophet who is mentioned in the Quran, “ Then when
Zaid has dissolved his marriage to her, We joined her in marriage to you”
 He was sent as commander of the Muslims by Prophet in the battle of Mutah where he
embraced martyrdom in 8A.H.
 THE Prophet informed the people about the death of Zaid and his companions before the
news of his death reached them, he said with tears in his eyes,” Zaid took the flag and was
martyred”
 Later his son Usamah avenged the death of his father in Abu Bakr’s caliphate

SCRIBES OF DIVINE REVELATION

The scribe of divine revelation were the people who were instructed by the Prophet to write the
verses of Quran. The Holy Quran was revealed to the Prophet in a span of 23 years. The
revelation started when the Prophet was 40 years old in the month of Ramadan. The Prophet
could not read and write, hence as soon as a revelation came, he would instruct his scribes to
write it down, the Quran says, “and they dictated before him morning and evening”

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The Qur’an was written entirety during the Prophet’s lifetime even though it was not compiled in
one text. There were various scribes who had different roles as companions, who wrote the
verses down on a number of materials. Some of them were official scribes who wrote letters for
him (for example Ubayy ibn Ka’ab) while some became scribes because they kept their own
personal copies of the revelations, for example ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr . He sought the Messenger’s
specific permission asking, ‘May I write down everything I hear from you?’ The Prophet replied,
‘Yes, for I speak nothing but the truth.’ A number of companions had their own personal
copies of the words of the revelations, which were later used to verify the one copy in the time of
Abu Bakr. Companions who kept a private record of the text of the Qur'an satisfied themselves
as to the purity of their record by reading it out to the Prophet.
The number of the scribes who wrote the Quran was about forty. Allah called them honourable
pious and just, Allah says, “Written by the hands of the scribes, honorable, pious and just”.
The most important scribes of the Prophet were the first four Caliphs, Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman,
Ali. Apart from them Zaid bin Thabit, Abdullah Bin Masud, Ubay bin Kaab.

Method of the Scribes:

Whenever a revelation came to the Prophet, he would learn it by heart. He would dictate it to his
companions who would memorize it and the scribes would write it down in the presence of the
Prophet. It was written on the branches of tree, tablets of stone, shoulder blade bones of camel
and on pieces of leather. The Prophet used to instruct the scribes about the sequence in which a
revealed message was to be placed in a particular Surah (chapter). In this manner, the Prophet
arranged the text of the Qur’an in a systematic order till the end of the chain of revelations. Zayd
ibn Thabit reported, “We used to record the Qur’an from parchments in the presence of the
Prophet.” Zayd bin Thabit, one of the chief scribes relates: "I used to write down the revelation
for the Holy Prophet. When the revelation came to him he felt intense heat and would
perspire. When this state was over I used to fetch a shoulder bone or a piece of something
else. He used to go on dictating and I used to write it down. When I finished writing the
sheer weight of transcription gave me the feeling that my leg would break and I would not
be able to walk anymore. When I finished writing, he would say, 'Read!' and I would read
it back to him. If there was any error he used to correct it and then let it be brought before
the people." The Prophet also instructed the scribes about the shape of the letters and cut of the
pen point.
Some of the prominent scribes were:

ZAID BIN THABIT

 Zaid bin thabit was an Ansar belonged to Khazraj tribe who accepted Islam after the
Prophet’s migration at the age of 13.
 He was not allowed to take part in the battle of Badr and Uhad as he was too young.
However in the battle of Trench and Tabuk he was allowed to participate.

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 Zayd is remembered due to his knowledge and his great contribution as a scribe of the Quran.
He was a very learned person who could speak different languages the Prophet instructed
him to learn Hebrew in order to communicate with the Jews.
 When Zaid became an expert of Hebrew, the Prophet gave him the task of writing treaties
when the Prophet dealt with any non-Arab tribes. He was very intelligent and had a sharp
memory.
 After the Prophet’s migration, he instructed Zaid to write the revelations sent to the Prophet.
Zaid said, “When revelation came to Prophet, he sent for me and I went to him, and
wrote it down for him ”Zaid also memorized the Quran during the lifetime of the Prophet.
Zaid said,” We used to record the Qur’an from parchments in the presence of the
Prophet”.
 Zaid also collected portions of the Quran written by other scribes and arranged it under the
supervision of the Prophet.
 Zaid was the first Ansar who swore allegiance to Abu Bakr as the first caliph of Islam. He
also took part in the battle of Yamama against Musailma, the false prophet and all other
battles fought against false prophets.
 Many companions who had memorized the Quran were martyred during the caliphate of Abu
Bakr either in the wars of apostasy or at Yamama. Hence after Umar’s insistence, Abu Bakr
instructed Zaid to compile the Quran. (Refer to compilation of Quran during Abu Bakr’s
caliphate here, ALL DETAILS MUST BE MENTIONED HERE)
 During the caliphate of Umar, Zaid was appointed as the Qadi of Madina. Whenever Umar
left Madina either for Hajj, Umrah or any other matter, he would appoint Zaid as the acting
caliph.
 During the caliphate of Uthman, Zaid was made responsible of public treasury ( Bait ul
Maal). (refer to compilation of Quran of how Zaid made copies of Quran n distributed to all
states, ALL DETAILS MUST BE MENTIONED)
 Zaid passed away at the age of 56 in 45 A.H. he is called Rahber-e Ummah, Guide of the
Ummah.

ABDULLAH BIN MASUD

 Abdullah bin Masud looked after the sheep of a chief of Quraish. His real name was
Abdullah but people called him, Umm Abd, the son of the slave.
 Once the Prophet and Abu Bakr were on a journey and asked Abdullah for milk from his
flock, Abdullah refused by saying they were not his flock. Abdullah was very impressed with
the Prophet and hence accepted Islam after which he remained in his service.
 He accompanied him on journeys, woke him up from sleep, used to carry his miswak and
attend to his personal needs.
 Abdullah gained knowledge of the Quran and Shariah from the Prophet, he learned 70
Surahs. The Prophet appointed him as the first teachers of the Quran, the Prophet said,”
whoever wants to read the Quran as fresh as it was just revealed must read it from the
recitation of Umm Abd”.

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 His knowledge was so good that he knew the place, circumstances of revelation of all the
verses and Surahs of the Quran, he said, “By Alllah, I know all Surahs when they were
revealed and all verses when they were revealed”.
 He quoted 800 traditions. He was a courageous fighter and a devoted worshipper.
 He played a major role in compilation of the Quran.
 During the caliphate of Umar, he was appointed as administrator of public treasury in Kufa.
Umar often consulted him in important matters.

UBAYY BIN KAAB

 He was an Ansar who belonged to Khazraj tribe. He is also known as Abul Mundhir.
 He was one of the first people of Yasrib to accept Islam. He was also one of the people who
took a pledge at Aqaba.
 Ubayy was a scribe of the divine revelation, he also wrote letters for the Prophet.
 The last verse which was revealed to Prophet in 10A.H is said to be written by him.
 The Prophet told his companion to learn the Quran from Ubayy apart from three others. It is
said that the recitation of Quran by Ubayy was beautiful, the Prophet said, “the one who
knows best how to recite the Quran is Ubayy”. Ubay had a special honor with regard to
the Quran, the Prophet said, “Ubay, Allah has ordered me to recite the Quran to you”. To this
Ubay replied, “The Lord of the Worlds has mentioned my name to you”? To this the
Prophet replied, “Yes”. Ubayy then burst into tears
 At the time of the demise of the Prophet, he was one of the four people who had collected the
whole Quran.
 He was also one of the 25 people who knew the Quran by heart. He was constant in his
worship and often was found in the mosque busy in prayers. It is believed that the first
Tarawih prayers were led by him. He quoted over a 100 traditions.
 Umar in his caliphate had high regard for Ubay. He often consulted him in important matters
of legal issues. He was also a member of the Majlis e Shura in Abu Bakr and Umar’s
caliphate. He died in 29 A.H during Uthman’s caliphate.

EMIGRANTS AND HELPERS

Muhajareen (Emigrants):
Muhajareen were the companions of the Prophet who migrated from Makkah to Madina. They
were the earliest converts to Islam and suffered severe persecution at the hands of Makkans but
they never renounced (give up) their faith. Some of them even suffered physical torture from
Quraish and embraced martyrdom e.g. Ammar bin Yasir’s family Sumayya and Yasir, Haris
bin Abi Hala. They had firm faith in Allah and in Prophet hood of Muhammad pbuh and
always remained by his side whenever he needed support. Some of them even migrated twice for
the cause of Islam, first to Abyssinia then Yasrib , Uthman, Ruqayya , Zubair, Abu Ubaidah
bin Jarrah Their greatest service to Islam was when they migrated to Yasrib leaving their
belongings and properties behind; some even left their families for the cause of Islam. Some of
the Muhajareen who left their properties did not even claim them at the time of Conquest of

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Makkah. About the Muhajareen sacrifice the Quran says, “Those who believed and those who
suffered exile, fought in the way of Allah, they have the hope of mercy of Allah”. The term
‘Muhajir’ does not apply to the Prophet himself. The Prophet describes them as Allah’s favorites
who will receive an excellent reward. The Muhajareen showed their support to Prophet even
after migration. They played important roles in expansion of Islamic empire, Abu Ubaidah bin
Jarrah, some are notables in history, Ali. Some even gave their lives while fighting in the way of
Allah, Hamza Musab bin Umayr. All the ten blessed companions are Muhajreen. All the four
rightly caliphs are from Muhajareen

Ansars (Helpers):
The Muslims who received the Prophet and his followers from Makkah are called Ansars or the
Helpers. They were from the tribe of Aws and Khazraj. They were also called Ansar un Nabi -
Helpers of Prophet. They were good natured kind hearted people who were devoted to the
Prophet. About Ansars the Quran says,” those who had houses in Madina and had adopted
the faith, showed their affection to the ones in need, and have no desires in their hearts;
they gave them (Muhajareen) preference over themselves”. They met the Prophet in 11th year
of Prophethood at Aqaba when 6 people accepted Islam. In the following 2 years more people
from Yasrib came and accepted Islam. They invited the Prophet to migrate to their city along
with his followers and promised him security. Their greatest service was yet to come when they
shared all their possessions, businesses with Muhajareen. Some of Ansars were Zaid bin Thabit,
Aby Ayub Ansari, Ubayy bin Kaab
Among the many blessings of the Prophet’s hijrat, one of the most important blessings was
Muwakat, the creation of brotherhood between Muhajareen and Ansar. The Prophet assembled
them at the house of Anas and told them that the Muhajareen had left all their belongings in
Makkah and were now penniless and shelterless. He therefore wanted to create relationship of
brotherhood between them. The Ansar willingly agreed to this, the Prophet joined the hand of
one Muhajir with one Ansar and declared the two as brothers. It was at this time Ali came to the
Prophet and said, “You have arranged brotherhood among your companions but you have
not arranged brotherhood between me and anyone else “. To this the Prophet held his hand
and said,” you are my brother in this world and in the Hereafter “.This brotherhood was not
created randomly, Prophet carefully chose best matches as brothers considering their character
and likeness in things. Musab bin Umayr was joined with Abu Ayub Ansari; Salman Farsi
was joined with Abu Dardaa. Each Ansar took his Muhajir brother to his house, treated them
with respect and shared their possessions with them. Abdur Rehman bin Auf was made the
brother of Saad bin Rabi (Ansar). Saad was willing to share his property and even divorce his
wife for Abdur Rehman to marry. He refused respectfully by saying,” May Allah bless you,
your family, and your property, guide me to the market”.
The Ansars even wanted to share their date palms with their Muhajir brothers but Muhajareen
refused, so the Ansar offered them to work in their orchards and in return they would give them
dates. This way the Ansars gave protection and material assistance to their Makkan brothers and
the Makkan Muslims in return gave spiritual support to Ansar as they had spent more time with
the Prophet. The Muhajareen did not want to be a burden on Ansar as they used to of being

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traders and so wanted to carry on with their work, e.g Abu Bakr. Hence, under the guidance of
the Prophet, these two groups became like blood brothers and very soon the Muhajareen through
hard work, were able to stand on their feet. Regarding Mawakat the Quran says,” But those who
have believed, emigrated and fought in the cause of Allah and those who gave shelter and
aided - it is they who are the believers, truly. For them is forgiveness and noble provision”

Revelation of Quran from 610 A.D TO 632A.D

The Holy Quran was sent to the Prophet in a period of twenty three years. Allah says, ‘Nay, this
is the Quran in the preserved Tablet”. The first revelation was sent down in the Night of
Power, the Holy Quran says ‘Ramzan is the month when the Quran was sent down ‘As the
Prophet neared the age of forty, he started spending more time in meditation in the cave of Hira.
Once when he was in the cave, angel Jibrael appeared before him and asked him to read. When
the Prophet expressed his inability to read, the angel squeezed his chest tightly and this act was
repeated thrice and then he recited “Read in the name of your Lord and Cherisher, who
created, created man out of congealed blood. Read! And your Lord is Most Generous. Who
has taught man the use of pen, taught man which he knew not”. After this incident the
Prophet trembled and went home to Hazrat Khadija
The impact of the revelation on Prophet Muhammad (SAW) could be observed by the people
around him. Hazrat Aisha is reported to have said that she saw revelations coming down upon
him on a very cold day and when that condition was over, sweat dropped from his forehead.
When a revelation came, the Prophet experienced different sensations. He heard ringing bells
which was the hardest, perspire (sweat) in the cold, his bodyweight would become so heavy that
the camel he was riding on would sit down due to his weight. Zaid bin Haris said that the
Prophet’s leg was on his leg when revelation came and he thought that his leg would be crushed.
Angel Jibril brought all revelations sometimes in actual form and sometimes in the form of a
man. A few times he came in his original form, for example on Mairaj. Al Harith reported that
the Prophet said, “Sometimes he comes to me like in ringing of bells which is the most
difficult for me, it weighs upon me and I commit to memory what he says. And sometimes
the angel comes to me in the form of a man and speaks to me and I commit to memory
what he says” The Prophet received revelations at different times on different occasion’s e.g
travelling, sleeping, or in a gathering; however he could communicate to people during the time
of revelation. The revelations also came in the form of dreams, and the Prophet (pbuh) would
wake up and remember them. The Prophet also received revelations from Allah directly. At
Mairaj, the last two verses of Surah Baqarah were revealed by Allah to the Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh)
The revelation was also sometimes the responses to specific events. For example, when Prophet
and Abu Bakr were in the cave Saur, the revelation during the migration when Abu Bakr was
worried, “have no fear Allah is with us “.

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The revelation came to the Prophet as per needs and requirements of the Islamic society.
Revelations from 610 to 622 were Makki Surahs mainly on Oneness of Allah (Surah Iklas).
Surah Kawther was revealed when Prophet’s second son died in infancy. Surah Duha was
evealed after a gap in revelations to console the Prophet. Revelations from 622 to 632 were
Madni Surahs based on Islamic community (rights of women, Islamic laws, believers). The
obligatory duties like fasting, zakat, hajj, and change of Qibla, most of the fulfillment of these
commands is in Surah Baqarah
Whenever the Prophet received a revelation, he would dictate it to the Scribes to note it down,
the scribe would then read it back to the Prophet to rectify if any error. He would say to the
Scribe “Write this verse in the chapter where such n such verse occur”. So in this way the
present order of the Quran is according to the Prophet’s instructions.
The last revelation to the Holy Prophet was sent at the plain of Arafat,” this day I have
perfected your religion, completed My favor upon you and have chosen for you Islam as
your religion”

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