Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems (ICSCSS 2023)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DJ3-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-3360-2

Water Quality Monitoring System using IoT

and Cloud
B.VeerasekharReddy S Sarath Jeethu Philip
2023 International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems (ICSCSS) | 979-8-3503-3360-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICSCSS57650.2023.10169212

Department of InformationTechnology Department of InformationTechnology Department of InformationTechnology

M LR Institute of Technology M LR Institute of Technology M LR Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Lachapathi Naresh
Usham Shashank Reddy K Tejaswini
Department of InformationTechnology
Department of InformationTechnology Department of InformationTechnology
M LR Institute of Technology
M LR Institute of Technology M LR Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, India.
Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

the potential to disperse, suspend, or deposit in water or on

Abstract- Lakes and ponds are critical for sustaining the water's surface, seriously harming both human health and
ecosystems and providing a source of water. Unfortunately, the ecological balance of other species.
these bodies of water are often contaminated due to the The Internet of Things (IOT) is revolutionizing technology in
discharge of chemicals and waste. This pollution can cause the twenty-first century. Physical items, controls, sensors,
waterborne illnesses in humans and animals and disrupt the actuators, and the Internet are all combined in one system.
ecosystem's lifecycle. The infrequency of water quality Actuators and sensors are tools that communicate with real-
testing, typically conducted only once per year, means that it world objects and gather environmental data. Smart cities,
is not certain that the drinking water is safe. To address this smart power grids, smart supply chains, and smart wearables
issue, an IOT-based AWQMS system is proposed. The are just a few of the areas where IOT devices are reshaping
system would use a variety of sensors and hardware the world by collecting valuable and useful data that must be
components to measure required parameters of water. The saved, organized, and processed.
collected data would be sent to a cloud infrastructure for Monitoring water quality is a crucial component of
storage in a database and real-time dashboard maintenance. environmental management since it aids in the identification
If water quality falls below acceptable levels, the system of potential pollution sources and the creation of effective
would alert the relevant authorities to take action. This corrective actions. Water quality monitoring is now more
solution would provide continuous monitoring of water accurate, efficient, and economical thanks to IOT. To enable
quality, alerting authorities immediately if any issues arise. real-time monitoring of water quality, this research study
By preventing the consumption of contaminated water, the suggests a system that combines IOT technologies and
system could reduce the risk of waterborne diseases and characteristics include temperature, turbidity, Total
safeguard the ecosystem. Dissolved Solid (TDS), and water odor.
Data on water quality is gathered by the system using a
variety of sensors and IOT devices, and is then sent to a
Keywords: Ecosystem, Water contamination, Data collection, centralized data management system for archiving,
Alert system, Continuous monitoring.
processing, and analysis. Systems for message alerting and
position tracking are also included for effective water quality
I. INTRODUCTION maintenance. The data processing microcontroller is an
For the survival of humans and other living things, water is Arduino Mega 2560.
an essential component. Soil, water, climate, native plants, The goal of the study is to design and construct an IOT-based
and landforms are the five fundamental components of our water quality monitoring system that is practical and
ecosystem. The most crucial of these is water, which is affordable for underdeveloped regions. The research
utilized for drinking, residential use, food production, and examines the body of knowledge about IOT and water quality
recreational activities. For the sake of public health and monitoring, identifies knowledge gaps, and suggests a system
ecological balance, it is imperative to provide safe and to fill these gaps. The study outlines the process used to
accessible water. design and development of the system, research findings, and
Water pollution, however, becomes a serious problem when implications of the suggested system for IOT-based water
dangerous substances get into water sources, including quality monitoring.
ponds, rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans. These substances have This research article seeks to significantly advance IOT
knowledge while also making a significant contribution to the
development of the nation by creating an IOT prototype that
is affordable and accessible for underserved populations.

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems (ICSCSS 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DJ3-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-3360-2

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

The system [2] employed an Arduino as its central controller, parameters, including pH, soil moisture, and temperature.
together with pH, turbidity, temperature, and flow sensors, to The controller Arduino-Uno then accesses the data that has
determine the water parameters, which were then presented been retrieved from these sensors and transfers it to
on an LCD panel using a BLYNK app. Future scopes will be NodeMCU before being sent to the created web browser. The
able to identify more parameters for the most secure use. Two water sample under examination is either "Drinkable" or "Not
sensors, such as pH and TDS sensors, were employed in the Drinkable." The author has talked about how the project will
methodology [3].For water authorities to access the be expanded in the future by adding more sensors, but the
prediction with the date and time and have good knowledge main disadvantage is that it will have less accuracy. The
and understanding of the water quality being used by proposed system [17] uses a variety of sensors, including pH,
residents, the parameters of value are calculated and sent to turbidity, conductivity, CO2, humidity, and temperature as
the raspberry pi3, where the machine learning code (k-means) the parameters to calculate the water quality. It is low-
is embedded for predicting the water quality. The system [5] powered and extremely effective, enabling continuous
uses several sensors to check the water quality in addition to monitoring and sending alerts to the appropriate authorities
a Raspberry Pi as its core controller. On the Raspberry Pi, for follow-up action. The author's developed model is praised
Raspbian OS is used to handle a variety of devices, such as for being affordable and user-friendly. Three water samples
sensor networks. To track the state of the water, various were examined by the author for the output, and the water
Raspberry Pi sensors are connected. The data from various was categorized as either drinkable or not depending on the
sensors will be accessible by the Raspberry Pi, which will results. On the LCD panel, the parameters were shown. The
then process the data. A unique IP address can be used to recommendation for the future is to use cutting-edge sensors
access the sensor data in the cloud. For accessing the data on for detecting many other quality criteria, wireless can be
a mobile device, the IOT module also offers Wi-Fi .pH, made safe by quick action.
Conductivity, Temperature, and Turbidity sensors have been
employed by the author [10] to continually calculate the The limitations to the existing system are as follows:
parameters to gauge the quality of water. This structure
makes use of a wifi module to transport data from the  Limited coverage: The IOT sensors used for water quality
microcontroller to the smartphone once it has been collected monitoring may be limited in their coverage area, which
by sensors. Investigate the removed estimation of these means they may not be able to monitor water quality
borders using the suitable machine learning approach and across a wide geographical area or in remote locations
conductivity in water.The suggested method [11] describes where access to the internet or network connectivity is
an IoT-based Smart Water Quality Monitoring (SWQM) limited.
system that makes use of a reconfigurable sensor interface  Sensor accuracy and reliability: The accuracy and
device. To monitor real-time water quality metrics like reliability of IOT sensors used for water quality
turbidity, pH, humidity, water level, water temperature, and monitoring can vary, and may not always provide precise
carbon dioxide (CO2) on the surface of the water, this system and consistent data. Calibration and maintenance of
combines sensors, an FPGA board, and a Zigbee-based sensors may also be challenging, leading to potential
wireless communication module. By offering a practical and inaccuracies in the measurements.
affordable method of monitoring water quality, the SWQM  Human factors: Human error, biases, and subjectivity
system hopes to aid in the preservation and conservation of can also impact water quality monitoring systems.
water bodies. This technology can help in managing the Proper training, expertise, and standard operating
environmental and ecological balance of water resources by procedures are essential to minimize human-related
cutting down on the expense and time involved in water limitations.
quality assessment. The recommended technique suggests  Cost and resource requirements: Implementing and
enlarging the SWQM system's coverage area by adding more maintaining water quality monitoring systems can
nodes to a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). As a result, the involve significant costs, including sensor procurement,
system's monitoring capabilities would be strengthened, installation, operation, and data management. Resource
enabling greater coverage and better water resource constraints, including funding, expertise, and
management. The author [12] used a microcontroller and infrastructure, may limit the capability of the system or
simple sensors to send continuous, real-time data to the cloud the frequency of monitoring
and measure the pH, turbidity, water level, temperature, and
humidity of the atmosphere. Additionally, the transmitted
data is examined on the ThinkSpeak open IOT platform. The
task of analyzing additional characteristics, such as nitrates, III PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen in the water, and
free residual chlorine, should be expanded in the future. To The proposed system for water quality monitoring is
measure the water quality using a NodeMCU, the author comprised of various sensors, including Gas, Turbidity,
[16] has presented an IOT-based system that uses three Temperature, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), along with
an Arduino Mega 250 microcontroller and an Adafruit IoT
platform for cloud access. To ensure accurate readings, the
sensors must first be calibrated with distilled or deionized
water. Once calibrated, the sensors are placed in the water
being monitored and continuously measure the water quality
parameters. These readings are processed by the Arduino

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems (ICSCSS 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DJ3-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-3360-2

Mega 250 to determine if the values fall within the standard 3.2 TDS sensor
limits preloaded onto the microcontroller. The system is
designed to constantly monitor the water quality parameters, The concentration of dissolved solids in a liquid is measured
and any readings that exceed the permissible limits will electrically using a Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) sensor. This
trigger a GSM module to send an alert message to the relevant kind of sensor is very helpful in applications that monitor the
authorities. Additionally, the system displays real-time data level of dissolved solids in drinking water, wastewater, and
on a dashboard, providing a useful tool for regular monitoring industrial process water. TDS sensors measure a solution's
of water quality. The measured parameters are also stored in electrical conductivity, which is inversely proportional to the
a database for further analysis and evaluation. In summary, number of dissolved solids present in the solution. High TDS
this proposed system for monitoring the quality of water that concentrations can impact the taste and odor of water and can
integrates various sensors, an Arduino Mega 250 be a sign of water pollution or contamination. TDS levels can
microcontroller, and an Adafruit IOT platform to accurately affect the efficiency of water treatment procedures like
measure and monitor water quality parameters. The system reverse osmosis and distillation in addition to being a gauge
alerts authorities if readings exceed permissible limits, and of water quality. Water treatment facilities can monitor TDS
real-time data is displayed on a dashboard for easy levels to make sure their procedures are efficient and
monitoring. Overall, this system provides a cost-effective and generating safe, high-quality water.
efficient solution for monitoring the quality of water.
3.3 Turbidity sensor

A very helpful electronic tool called a turbidity sensor is used

to gauge the number of suspended particles in liquids. These
particles, which contribute to the liquid's cloudiness or
haziness, can be silt, algae, organic materials, or inorganic
materials. The turbidity of the liquid is assessed by the sensor
using the amount of light reflected or absorbed by the
suspended particles. This turbidity measurement is crucial for
drinking water treatment facilities, industrial processes, and
applications that monitor the clarity of the water in lakes,
rivers, and oceans. High levels of turbidity can serve as a
warning of water pollution or contamination, making them an
important indicator of water quality. In addition, high
turbidity levels can impact how well water treatment
techniques like filtration and disinfection work. As a result,
turbidity sensors are essential for monitoring water quality
and spotting any potential risks to public health.

3.4 Temperature sensor

As they offer vital information on the thermal characteristics

of the water being monitored, temperature sensors are a
crucial component of any system for monitoring the quality
of water. Accurate temperature measurements are required to
correctly assess the quality of the water being monitored
Figure 1: Proposed Architecture
because the temperature has a substantial impact on several
crucial water quality indices, such as dissolved oxygen, pH,
3.1 Arduino Mega 2560 and nutrient levels. For instance, the temperature has a direct
impact on the amount of dissolved oxygen in water s ince
The ATmega2560 processor, used in the Arduino Mega 2560 colder water can contain more of it than warmer water. This
microcontroller board, offers tremendous processing speed translates to the possibility that aquatic organisms that depend
and memory capacity for challenging projects. One of the on dissolved oxygen for survival may be significantly
strongest boards in the series, this board belongs to the impacted by variations in water temperature. Temperature
Arduino range of microcontroller boards. It has a 16 MHz fluctuations can also affect pH levels because they can trigger
crystal oscillator, a 16 MHz crystal input, 54 digital chemical processes that change the acidity or alkalinity of the
input/output pins, 16 analog inputs, 4 hardware serial ports, a water under observation.
USB connection for programming, and serial
communication. Users may quickly add more functionality to 3.5 Gas sensor
their projects because of its interoperability with many
shields made for other Arduino boards. The Arduino
Gas sensors can be used to find and keep track of gases, like
Integrated Development Environment (IDE), a user-friendly
methane or others from the decomposition of organic matter,
programming environment that makes it easier to write and
that are discharged into the atmosphere over bodies of water.
upload code to the board, can also be used to program it.

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems (ICSCSS 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DJ3-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-3360-2

These gases may signal environmental pollution and present a

security danger to those nearby. Gas sensors can be used to
track the concentrations of various gases and offer possible
hazards early warning. These dissolved gas concentrations in
water can be measured using gas sensors, giving crucial
details about the ecosystem's health. For instance, dissolved
oxygen sensors are frequently used in aquaculture operations
to track oxygen levels and avoid fish deaths.

3.6 GSM Module

A Global Framework for An electronic component known as a

mobile communications module enables the communication
between a mobile device, such as a computer, and a mobile
network. Applications including SMS messaging, voice calls, Figure 2: Real-time measured parameters on Adafruit server
and data transmission frequently use GSM modules. In
addition to a GSM modem and interface circuitry, a GSM The data gathered by the sensors is sent to the Adafruit
module may also comprise other parts including a platform using the Wi-Fi module, as shown in the above
microcontroller, memory, and interface circuitry. Standard image, enabling remote monitoring of the water quality
GSM protocols are used by the GSM modem insidethe module metrics. Every 10 seconds, the data is refreshed, enabling
to connect to the mobile network. real-time monitoring and study of the water's properties.
This makes it easier to see any changes or anomalies in the
3.7 GPS Module parameters governing the water quality and take the
appropriate action. The measured values are shown
A GPS (Global Positioning System) module is a piece of graphically in the figures below.
electrical equipment that uses signals from GPS satellites to
pinpoint its exact location on the surface of the earth. In
addition to the standard GPS receiver and antenna, GPS
modules may also incorporate a microcontroller, memory, and
interface electronics. In applications that require precise
position data, such as tracking devices and navigation
systems, GPS units are frequently employed. They are present
in a wide variety of modern gadgets, including drones,
vehicles, tablets, and smart phones.

In summary, the proposed water quality monitoring system

utilizes multiple sensors, including TDS, turbidity,
temperature, and gas sensors, to gather data for monitoring the
quality. The data is collected and then transmitted to the core
controller, an Arduino Mega 2560, which sends the
information to the cloud through a Wi-Fi module connected to
an Adafruit platform. The cloud updates the sensor values
every 10 seconds, providing real-time monitoring. If any of Figure 3: Real-time values of TDS
the measured values exceed the allowable limits, an alert
message is triggered, and the location of the sensor is sent t o
the appropriate authorities for further action. This system
allows for efficient monitoring of water quality and provides
an early warning system for potential pollution or
contamination.

I V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A variety of sensors, including TDS, turbidity, temperature,

and gas sensors, are included in the prototype water quality
monitoring system. The appropriate sensors are linked to an
Arduino Mega 2560, and each sensor is given the necessary
voltage to test the water on various parameters. The acquired
data is then processed by the controller and transmitted via a
Wi-Fi module, enabling remote monitoring of the data on the
Adafruit server.

Figure 4: Real-time values of Gas

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Smart Systems (ICSCSS 2023)
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Our web application allows for the viewing of the measured

values as well. User registration and login modules are
included in the web application for authentication purposes.

Through our website, the authorize d user can view the values.
If the values exceed the limitations, it also aids in the analysis
and the execution of essential actions. Additionally, it allows
the end user to download CSV files with real-time values.
The web application is illustrated in the figures below.

Figure 5: Real-time values of turbidity

Figure 7: Signup module

Figure 6: Real-time values of temperature

Figure 8: Login module

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ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT

This project was permitted and encouraged by our institution,

MLR Institute of Technology and our project guide Mr.
B.Veerasekhar Reddy We are thankful to all the people who
provided insight that greatly assisted this research.

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stakeholders take preventative action to stop the decline of
water quality.

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IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DJ3-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-3360-2

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