SATHYABAMA INSTITUTE OF

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
ACCREDITED WITH GRADE “A++” BY NACC
JEPPIAR NAGAR, RAJIV GANDHI SALAI,
CHENNAI 600 119.

PROJECT - PHASE 1
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

TOPIC – ADVANCE BMS FOR GRID BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM.

DONE BY:
42340001 – KARTHIK KRISHNA S
DEGREE / BRANCH - M.E POWER ELECTRONICS AND
INDUSTRIAL DRIVES.
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THIS PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED FOR PROJECT -

PHASE 1 IS THE BONAFIDE WORK OF KARTHIK KRISHNA (42340001), WHO
CARRIED OUT THE PROJECT TITLED “ADVANCE BMS FOR GRID BATTERY ENERGY
STORAGE SYSTEM”, UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR. S. RADHIKA DURING THE
PERIOD JUNE 2023 TO OCTOBER 2023.

INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

DR.S.RADHIKA DR. S.RADHIKA

SUBMITTED FOR VIVA VOCE EXAMINATION HELD ON 04.11.2023

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

II
DECLARATION

I HEREBY DECLARE THAT THE PROJECT REPORT ENTITLED ADVANCE BMS FOR
GRID BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM DONE BY KARTHIK KRISHNA S UNDER
THE GUIDANCE OF DR. S. RADHIKA IS SUBMITTED FOR THE THIRD SEMESTER
(JUNE 2023 - OCTOBER 2023) IN THE NAME OF PROJECT - PHASE 1.

III
 ABSTRACT

This Project explores use of Advanced Battery Management system that

incorporates Battery-based energy storage systems and Flexible AC
Transmission (FACT) devices converging as single unit using advance BMS. These
technologies play a crucial role in modern power systems, providing various
benefits, including grid stability, energy efficiency, and enhanced power quality.
Further the discussions are made about the components, types, and applications
of technologies, their integration, recent advancements, challenges, and future
prospects.

IV
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO CONTENTS PAGE NO

ABSTRACT IV

LIST OF CONTENTS V

LIST OF FIGURES VII

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 3

3 ADVANCED BATTERY MANGEMENT SYSTEM (ABMS) 4

4 BATTERY BASED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM 6

4.1 KEY COMPONENTS OF BESS 6

4.2 OPERATION OF BESS 8

4.3 KEY FEATURES AND FUCNTION OF BESS 11

5 FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 13

5.1 KEY FACTS DEVICES IN MODERN POWER 13

SYSTEM

5.2 KEY ASPECTS OF FACTS SYSTEMS AND THEIR 14

FUNCTION INCLUDE

6 SYNERGIES AND COMPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS 16

7 EXPECTED TECHNICAL CHALLENGES 19

7.1 GRID STABILITY AND POWER QUALITY 19

7.2 SYNERGY AND COORDINATION 19

7.3 TECHNICAL COMPATIBILITY 19

7.4 TECHNICAL CHALLENGES 20

V
 7.5 SCALABILITY AND FLEXIBILITY 20

8 SIMULATION AND RESULTS 21

9 CONCLUSION 25

REFERENCES 26

VI
 TABLE OF FIGURES

S.NO LIST OF FIGURE PAGE NO

4.1 BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM 10

5.1 COMPARISON OF FACTS DEVICE 14

6.1 PROPOSE MODEL BLOCK DIAGRAM 16

8.1 SIMULINK MODEL 21

8.2 GRID REAL AND REACTIVE POWER 22

8.3 GRID VOLTAGE PROFILE 23

8.4 VSC – INVERTER LINE VOLTAGE 24

VII
1. INTRODUCTION

In the dynamic world of electrical power transmission and distribution,

ensuring the stability, reliability, and efficient operation of the grid is
paramount. The introduction of Flexible AC Transmission (FACT) devices
represents a significant milestone in this endeavor. FACT devices are a group of
power electronics-based equipment designed to enhance the control and
flexibility of alternating current (AC) transmission systems. These devices offer
advanced solutions for mitigating voltage instability, reducing line losses, and
improving the overall power quality of the grid.

FACT devices, such as Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM), Thyristor-

Controlled Series Compensators (TCSC), and Unified Power Flow Controllers
(UPFC), have revolutionized the way we manage power flows and maintain grid
stability. They provide dynamic real-time control over voltage levels and power
flow in transmission lines, thus enabling utilities to optimize their grid
operations, reduce congestion, and respond swiftly to contingencies. FACT
devices are becoming increasingly indispensable in ensuring the reliability and
quality of electricity supply.

The energy landscape is undergoing a profound transformation, marked by the

integration of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, into the
grid. While renewables offer substantial benefits in terms of sustainability, they
also introduce challenges related to intermittency and the need for energy
storage. Battery-based energy storage systems have emerged as a critical
solution to address these challenges.

Battery-based energy storage systems are a form of advanced energy

technology that allows for the efficient capture, storage, and utilization of
electricity. These systems consist of various battery chemistries, power
conversion components, and control systems that work in unison to store excess
electricity during periods of low demand and release it when demand is high.
The deployment of these systems has far-reaching implications for the stability
and reliability of the electrical grid.

1
By understanding the critical role they play in peak shaving, load levelling, and
integrating renewable energy, we can appreciate how these systems are
revolutionizing the energy sector and contributing to a more sustainable and
resilient future.

2
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources and the need for a
more resilient and reliable electrical grid have led to a growing interest in energy
storage and grid control solutions. Integration of Battery-based energy storage
systems and FACT devices are key components of this evolving energy
landscape.

The adaptability of integrated BESS and FACT systems relates to their ability to
respond to changing grid dynamics. Grids experience variations in load and
generation patterns. Integrated systems should adapt to these variations in real-
time. To enhance adaptability, advanced forecasting and prediction models
should be developed. These models can help anticipate grid changes and
optimize the operation of BESS and FACT devices accordingly.

The integrated BESS and FACT systems must accommodate different scales from
small micro-grids to large utility-scale grids, however the scalability of integrated
systems may be affected by resource availability. For instance, the availability of
suitable locations for FACT devices or the availability of battery materials for
BESS can impact the scalability. Operational flexibility of the integrated solution
to adapt to changing operational requirements. For example, the system should
be able to shift from load leveling to peak shaving as needed. The systems that
can easily transition between different operational modes. Modular designs can
enhance adaptability allow for easy upgrades, replacements, and adaptation to
changing grid conditions and requirements.

The convergence of these technologies has the potential to revolutionize the

energy industry by significantly improving grid reliability, enabling higher
renewable energy penetration, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

3
3. ADVANCED BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)

Advanced battery management is a crucial component in modern energy

storage systems as it is responsible for monitoring, controlling, and optimizing
the performance, safety, and longevity of batteries. Advanced BMS systems
incorporate more sophisticated features and capabilities compared to basic
BMS systems. The advanced features and functions in an advanced BMS:

STATE-OF-CHARGE (SOC) ESTIMATION: Advanced BMS systems use

complex algorithms and modelling techniques to estimate the state-of-
charge of the battery pack more accurately. This improves the accuracy
of remaining battery capacity predictions.

STATE-OF-HEALTH (SOH) MONITORING: Advanced BMS can provide a more

accurate assessment of the battery's state of health, which is essential
for predicting the remaining lifespan of the battery. It considers factors
such as cycle life, internal resistance, and capacity fade.

BALANCING AND CELL EQUALIZATION: Advanced BMS can perform active

cell balancing, transferring charge between cells to ensure they areat a
similar state of charge. This helps extend the life of the battery pack and
maintain optimal performance.

TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT: These systems have advanced thermal

management features that monitor and control the temperature of the
battery cells to prevent overheating and thermal runaway. This can
include active cooling and heating systems.

VOLTAGE AND CURRENT REGULATION: Advanced BMS can tightly

regulate voltage and current during charging and discharging to maximize
efficiency and safety.

4
ENERGY OPTIMIZATION: These systems can optimize the battery's
performance by adjusting various parameters, such as charge and
discharge rates, based on real-time operating conditions, load profiles,
and temperature.

CELL-LEVEL MONITORING: Advanced BMS can monitor individual cells

in the battery pack, enabling early detection of issues in specific cells and
improving overall safety and performance.

CELL AND MODULE DIAGNOSTICS: They can provide diagnostics and

fault detection at the cell and module level, identifying issues like
overvoltage, under voltage, and internal cell damage.

ADVANCED DATA LOGGING: Advanced BMS systems record detailed

historical data on battery performance, including voltage, current,
temperature, and other key parameters. This data is useful for
performance analysis, troubleshooting, and warranty claims.

SAFETY FEATURES: These systems incorporate multiple layers ofsafety

features, such as fault detection, overcurrent protection, and thermal
protection, to ensure safe operation of the battery system.

Advanced BMS technology plays a crucial role in optimizing battery

performance, improving safety, and extending the lifespan of batteries in
various applications, including electric vehicles, renewable energy
systems, and industrial energy storage. These systems are continually
evolving to meet the increasing demands for energy storage and electric
transportation.

5
4. BATTERY BASED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

A battery-based energy storage system (BESS) is a technology that stores

electrical energy in the form of chemical energy in batteries and can release that
energy when needed. These systems have become increasingly important in the
energy sector due to their ability to address challenges related to grid stability,
renewable energy integration, and energy management.

4.1 KEY COMPONENTS OF BESS

BATTERIES: the heart of a BESS, batteries store electrical energy. Various

types of batteries can be used, including lithium-ion, lead-acid, flow
batteries, and more. The choice of battery chemistry depends on factors such
as the required energy density, lifespan, and cost.

Lithium-ion Battery: Lithium-ion batteries, often abbreviated as Li-ion

batteries, are a type of rechargeable battery that has become one of the
most popular energy storage technologies in the world. They are used in
a wide range of applications, including mobile devices, electric vehicles,
laptops, power tools, and more, due to their high energy density, long
cycle life, and relatively low self-discharge rate.

These batteries use lithium as a key component in their chemistry. Lithium

is lightweight and has a high electrochemical potential, providing a higher
voltage and energy density compared to other types of batteries, making
it an ideal choice for energy storage.

These batteries has finite number of charge and discharge cycles before
their capacity starts to degrade. The cycle life can vary depending on the
specific chemistry and how the battery is used.

Generally, lithium-ion batteries can be prone to overheating and thermal

runaway if damaged, punctured, or exposed to extreme conditions. To

6
 mitigate safety risks, manufacturers incorporate safety features like
thermal management systems and protection circuits

Sodium-ion Battery: Sodium-ion batteries (Na-ion batteries or SIBs) are a

type of rechargeable battery technology that shares some similarities
with lithium-ion batteries but uses sodium ions (Na+) as the charge
carriers instead of lithium ions (Li+). These batteries have gained attention
as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance of
sodium and its lower cost, making them an attractive option for large-
scale energy storage applications.

Sodium-ion batteries generally have a lower operating voltage compared

to lithium-ion batteries, which means they often have lower energy
density compared to lithium-ion batteries.

One of the primary advantages of sodium-ion batteries is the abundance

of sodium and its lower cost compared to lithium. This makes them an
attractive option for grid-scale energy storage and applications where
cost is a crucial factor.

Sodium-ion batteries are generally considered safer than lithium-ion

batteries and are less prone to thermal runaway and safety issues.
Additionally, sodium is more environmentally friendly and less hazardous
to handle compared to lithium.

Sodium-ion batteries may become a viable alternative to lithium-ion

batteries in specific use cases, especially for grid-scale energy storage and
renewable energy integration.

1. POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM (PCS): the pcs includes inverters and

converters that control the flow of electricity between the batteries and the
grid. It converts the direct current (dc) stored in the batteries into alternating
current (ac) for grid connection.

BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS): the BMS monitors and manages

the batteries to ensure they operate safely and efficiently. It controls

7
 charging and discharging rates, optimizes battery usage, and safeguards
against overcharging or overheating.

CONTROL SYSTEM: the control system manages the operation of the entire
BESS, ensuring it responds to grid conditions and operator commands. It also
provides safety functions and can be integrated with grid control systems.

8
4.2 OPERATION OF BESS

The working of a Battery-Based Energy Storage System (BESS) involves

several key steps to store, manage, and release electrical energy as needed. A
simplified overview of how a BESS typically operates:

CHARGING THE BATTERIES:

During periods of excess electricity generation or low energy demand,

such as when renewable sources like solar panels or wind turbines
produce more energy than is needed, the BESS begins to charge its
batteries.

The power conversion system (PCS) converts the incoming electrical

energy into a form suitable for charging the batteries, typically direct
current (DC).

The battery management system (BMS) monitors the batteries and

controls the charging process to ensure they do not overcharge or
overheat. It manages factors like the charging rate, temperature, and
state of charge.

ENERGY STORAGE:

The electrical energy is converted and stored as chemical energy in the

batteries. This energy is stored until it's needed, serving as a reservoir of
power.

DISCHARGING THE BATTERIES:

When there is increased demand for electricity, grid instability, or during

peak usage hours, the BESS discharges the stored energy.

The PCS converts the stored DC energy back into alternating current (AC)
for distribution to the grid or for specific applications.

MANAGING GRID OPERATIONS:

The control system of the BESS monitors the grid conditions in real-
time, including voltage levels, frequency, and demand. It uses this
information to determine when and how to discharge the batteries
effectively.

9
 The control system can respond rapidly to grid fluctuations, making
adjustments within milliseconds, which is crucial for grid stability.

FIGURE 4.1: BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

MONITORING AND SAFETY:

The BMS continues to monitor the state of the batteries during

discharging, ensuring that the batteries are operating within safe limits.

The control system oversees the overall operation of the BESS and can
trigger safety mechanisms, such as disconnecting the batteries in the
event of a fault.

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS:

BESS can provide economic benefits by reducing energy costs through

time-of-use savings and avoiding peak demand charges.

It also contributes to environmental sustainability by increasing the

efficiency of power generation and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The operation of a BESS is dynamic and responsive to the needs of the electrical
grid, allowing for grid stability, energy optimization, and the integration of
renewable energy sources. Control systems, real-time monitoring, and safety
measures are essential components of BESS to ensure efficient and safe
operation.

10
4.3 KEY FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS OF A BESS

Battery-based energy storage systems are versatile tools in the energy

industry, offering a wide range of applications that contribute to a more reliable,
efficient, and sustainable electrical grid. Their adoption is expected to continue
to grow as energy systems become increasingly decentralized and reliant on
renewable energy sources.

ENERGY STORAGE: BESS stores surplus electricity generated during periods

of low demand, such as excess power from renewable sources like solar and
wind. This energy is stored in the batteries for later use.

PEAK SHAVING: BESS can discharge stored energy during peak demand
periods to reduce the strain on the grid, helping to lower electricity costs and
enhance grid stability.

LOAD LEVELING: BESS can smooth out fluctuations in energy supply and
demand, ensuring a consistent supply of electricity to the grid.

BACKUP POWER: BESS can serve as backup power during grid outages,
providing uninterrupted power to critical loads, such as hospitals or data
centres.

RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION: BESS plays a critical role in integrating

intermittent renewable energy sources into the grid. It can store excess
renewable energy for use when the energy source is not producing, helping to
maintain grid stability.

FREQUENCY REGULATION: BESS can respond rapidly to frequency deviations

in the grid, stabilizing the power system by injecting or absorbing power as
needed.

11
VOLTAGE SUPPORT : BESS can provide voltage support by injecting or
absorbing reactive power, which helps regulate voltage levels and improve grid
quality.

MICROGRID SUPPORT: in micro grids, BESS can provide stability and power
quality support by smoothing out fluctuations in generation and consumption.

TIME-OF-USE SAVINGS: by storing electricity during low-cost periods and

discharging during high-cost periods, BESS can help consumers save on
electricity bills.

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS: BESS can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by

increasing the efficiency of power generation and reducing the need for peak
power plants.

MODULAR DESIGN: many BESS designs are modular, allowing for easy capacity
expansion to meet changing demands.

12
5. FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

A flexible ac transmission system (facts) is a collection of power electronic

devices and controllers that are used to enhance the flexibility, control, and
efficiency of alternating current (ac) power transmission in electrical grids. Facts
devices are designed to manage the flow of electricity, control voltage levels,
and improve the overall performance of the grid. They are especially important
for maintaining grid stability and quality in the presence of increasing renewable
energy integration and changing demand patterns.

5.1 KEY FACTS DEVICES IN MODERN POWER SYSTEM

STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR (SVC):

SVC’s are used to regulate the voltage and reactive power in ac transmission
lines. They can quickly control the flow of reactive power to stabilize voltage and
improve grid quality.

STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR (STATCOM):

STATCOM are similar to SVC but provide more advanced voltage control. They
use power electronics to generate or absorb reactive power and are highly
responsive to voltage fluctuations.

THYRISTOR-CONTROLLED SERIES COMPENSATOR (TCSC):

TCSC are used to control the impedance of transmission lines by varying the
reactance. This allows for better control of power flow and voltage.

UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (UPFC):

UPFC are among the most advanced facts devices. They provide real-time
control of voltage, line impedance, and phase angle, allowing for precise power
flow control and optimization of grid operation.

13
 INTERLINE POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (IPFC):

IPFC are an extension of the UPFC concept, allowing control of power flow
between multiple transmission lines.

SERIES COMPENSATION:

Series compensation involves adding capacitors or reactors in series with

transmission lines to control voltage and improve power transfer capabilities.

SHUNT COMPENSATION:

Shunt compensation involves adding capacitors or reactors in parallel with the

transmission lines to regulate voltage and reactive power flow.

CONTROLLERS
S.no Control Attributes
TCSC SSSC TSSC STATCOM SVC UPFC
1 power flow control * * *
2 voltage profile improvement * * *
3 transient and dymanic converter * * * * *
4 damping oscillation * * * * * *
5 voltage stability * * * * * *
FIGURE 5.1: COMPARISON OF FACTS DEVICE

5.2 KEY ASPECTS OF FACTS SYSTEMS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS INCLUDE

VOLTAGE REGULATION: facts devices help regulate grid voltage,

maintaining it within acceptable limits even in the presence of
fluctuations.

14
POWER FLOW CONTROL: facts devices can control power flow on
transmission lines, reducing congestion and enhancing the efficient use of
grid infrastructure.

GRID STABILITY: facts devices contribute to grid stability by quickly

responding to disturbances, such as faults or changes in load, and
mitigating their effects.

IMPROVED POWER QUALITY: facts devices help improve the overall

quality of electricity supply by controlling voltage and reducing voltage
fluctuations.

RENEWABLE INTEGRATION: as more renewable energy sources are

integrated into the grid, facts devices play a crucial role in managing grid
dynamics and ensuring smooth integration.

LOSS REDUCTION: by optimizing power flow and voltage levels, facts

devices can reduce line losses in the transmission network.

CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT: facts systems can help maintain grid

reliability during contingency events by providing dynamic control
capabilities.

15
6. SYNERGIES AND COMPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

Battery-based energy storage and FACT devices can complement each

other, with batteries providing energy and FACT devices enhancing grid stability
and power quality.

The proposed model is based on BESS with Li-on battery as energy storage
medium and the grid interaction is done using UPFC architecture.

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM:

FIGURE 6.1: PROPOSED MODEL BLOCK DIAGRAM

16
A Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) architecture is a flexible and uses
advanced power electronic device in electrical power systems to control and
optimize the transmission of electrical energy. It is designed to control the flow
of real and reactive power on a transmission line, enhancing the stability and
efficiency of the power system. The operation of a UPFC involves a combination
of voltage-source converters (power electronics) and Energy storage element to
control the power on the transmission line.

VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTERS (VSCS): A UPFC consists of two voltage-

source converters: one on the sending end and one on the receiving end of the
transmission line. Each VSC is equipped with power electronic devices like
insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs).

SERIES COMPENSATION (SVC): The VSC on the sending end is responsible for
series compensation, which means it can adjust the voltage magnitude and
phase angle of the AC line. By controlling the voltage magnitude and phase, the
series VSC can either add or subtract voltage from the line, effectively regulating
the power flow. This allows for the control of real power flow.

SHUNT COMPENSATION (STATCOM): The VSC on the receiving end acts as a

shunt compensation device, typically referred to as a Static Synchronous
Compensator (STATCOM). It can regulate the voltage magnitude and phase at
its connection point to the grid. The shunt VSC is responsible for controlling
reactive power, compensating for voltage fluctuations, improving power quality,
injecting power and storing power in battery during on and off peak demands.

CONTROL SYSTEM: A sophisticated control system is at the heart of a UPFC. It

continuously monitors the system conditions, such as line voltage, current, and
power flow. The control system calculates the necessary adjustments required
to optimize power flow, enhance system stability, and mitigate voltageissues.

17
BATTERY: Battery surplus electricity generated during periods of low demand,
such as excess power from renewable sources like solar and wind. Thisenergy is
stored in the batteries for later use. The Energy is discharge during peak
demand periods and Facts operations to reduce the strain on the grid.

OPERATION MODES: A UPFC can operate in various modes to control the

power flow, such as inductive or capacitive compensation, real and reactive
power control, peak power generation unit and energy storage unit. These
modes are selected based on the specific needs of the power system.

DYNAMIC RESPONSE: One of the key advantages of a UPFC is its rapid and
precise control over power flow. It can respond to system disturbances and
changes in real-time, making it a valuable tool for enhancing grid stability.

18
 EXPECTED TECHNICAL CHALLANGES

The integration of Flexible AC Transmission (FACT) devices and Battery

Energy Storage Systems BESS holds significant promise for enhancing grid
reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. However, this integration also presents
a set of complex challenges that must be addressed to realize its full potential.
This problem statement outlines the key issues that need to be resolved when
integrating FACT devices and BESS, emphasizing the critical need for solutions.

Grid Stability and Power Quality:

i) Voltage and Frequency Regulation: Maintaining grid voltage and

frequency within acceptable limits is crucial for grid stability. The
integration of BESS and FACT devices must address how to effectively
control and regulate these parameters in real-time to ensure
consistent power quality.

Synergy and Coordination:

ii) Device Coordination: Integrating FACT devices and BESS requires

seamless coordination to achieve complementary functions. Achieving
this coordination while maximizing efficiency is a challenge.

iii) Operational Modes: Determining the most effective operational

modes for both FACT devices and BESS and ensuring they work
harmoniously can be complex, particularly during transient conditions.

Technical Compatibility:

iv) Device Interoperability: Ensuring that FACT devices and BESS can
operate together smoothly, considering differences in control systems
and communication protocols, is a significant technical challenge.

19
Technical Challenges:

v) Control and Protection: Overcoming challenges related to control

systems, protection schemes, and Communication protocols to ensure
the safe and reliable operation of both FACT devices and BESS.

vi) Fault Tolerance: Developing strategies to maintain system integrity in

the event of device failures or grid faults.

Scalability and Flexibility:

vii) Scalability of Solutions: Ensuring that integrated FACT devices and

BESS can be scaled up or down to meet the specific needs of grid
configurations and operational requirements.

viii) Adaptation to Evolving Grids: Anticipating how integrated solutions

can adapt to changes in grid architecture, increased renewable energy
penetration, and evolving demand patterns.

20
8. SIMULATION AND RESULTS

UPFC WITH BESS

FIGURE 8.1: SIMULINK MODEL

21
GRID P&Q

FIGURE 8.2: GRID REAL AND REACTIVE POWER

22
GRID VOLTAGE

FIGURE8.3: GRID VOLTAGE PROFILE

23
VSC – INVERTER VOLTAGE

FIGURE 8.4: VSC - INVERTER LINE VOLTAGE

24
9. CONCLUSION

Battery-based energy storage systems and FACT devices are integral

components of modern power systems. Their integration, combined with
advancements and addressing challenges, will continue to enhance grid
reliability and sustainability. This technologies promises solution for enhancing
the stability and efficiency of power grids by mitigate voltage and power flow
fluctuations in the grid, enhancing overall system stability. BESS can provide
rapid response to grid disturbances, while FACTS devices can control voltage and
power flow in real-time. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as
wind and solar, by smoothing out the intermittent nature of these sources and
improving grid compatibility. The integration of BESS and FACTS technologies
can lead to cost savings in the long run. By reducing the need for expensive grid
infrastructure upgrades and improving energy efficiency, utilities and grid
operators can achieve a better return on investment. This technology eventually
enhances the utilities to adapt to changing energy landscapes, accommodate
evolving energy demands, and meet environmental goals.

25
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