1015123, 1021 PM API 571 Terms in this set (411) |APLST1 Flasheards | Quizlet 1.___isa change in the microstructure of certain carbon steels and (5 Mo steels after long term ‘operation in the 800° F to 110° F range. A. Graphitization B. Softening C.Temper Embrittlement D. Creep 2. What structure is 304 stainless steel? A. Martensitic B. Austenitic C. Duplex D. Ferritic 3.____is the result of cyclic stress caused by variations in temperature. A.Creep B. Thermal Fatigue C. Cyclic Cracking D. Stress Corrosion Cracking ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 1181015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 4, General or localized corrosion of carbon steels and other metals caused by dissolved salts, gases, ‘organic compounds or microbiological activities is called A. Flue Gas Corrosion B. Atmospheric Corrosion C. Cooling Water Corrosion D. None of the Above E.Allof the Above 5. What structure is 410 stainless steel? A Martensitic B. Austenitic C. Duplex D.Ferritic 6.The sudden rapid fracture under stress (residual or applied) where the material exhibits litle or no evidence of ductility or plastic deformation is called ‘A. 885° F Embrittlement B. Temper Embrittlement C. Stress Corrosion Cracking D. Brittle Fracture 7. What structure is 409 stainless steel? A. Martensitic B Austenitic C. Duplex D. Ferritic ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 21281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 8 Low alloy steels contain a maximum of ___ chrome. AS% BOK C.75% D.9% 9. Which of the following can be affected by 885° F Embrittlement? A410 SS B.430 SS C. 308 SS D. Alloy 2205 E.A, Band D 10. For SCr-0.5Mo, what is the threshold temperature for creep? ‘A. 500° F B 800° F c. 600° F D. 700° F Tl.__has been 2 major problem ‘on coke drum shells. A Thermal fatigue B. Stress cracking C. Erosion D. Temper embrittlement 12, Thermal fatigue cracks propagate ___ to the stress and are usually dagger shaped, transaranular and oxide-filled. A. Axial B. Diagonal C.Transverse D. Angular ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 31281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 13. Inspection for wet H2S damage generally focuses on_and A.Weld seams B. Nozzles. C.Trays D. Down comers E.AandB 14,__ is a form of erosion caused by the formation and instantaneous collapse of innumerable tiny vapor bubbles. ‘A. Condensate corrosion B. Cavite C. Dew-Point corrosion D. Atmospheric corrosion 15. With CUI, corrosion rates with increasing metal temperatures up to the point where the water evaporates quickly. A. Decrease B. Increase Stay the same D. None of the above 16. Which of the following metals is the most anodic? A.Zine B. Carbon Steel C. Nickel D. Monel ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 41281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 17. Cracking of dissimilar weld metals ‘occursonthe __side of a weld between an austenitic and a Ferritic material operating at high temperatures. A. Austenitic B Ferritic C. Anodic D. Cathodic 18. Soil to Air interface areas are usually more susceptible to corrosion than the rest of the structure because of and ____ availabilty. A. Moisture B. Bacteria C. Oxygen D.BandC E.AandC 19. Carburization can be confirmed bby substantial increases in _and. loss of A. Hardness. B Tensile Strength C. Ductility D.Aand B E.AandC 20. Liquid metal embrittlement can ‘occur if 300 Series SS comes in contact with molten _ A. Copper B Mercury C.Zine D. Lead ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 51281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 21. Cracks that are typically straight, non-branching, and devoid of any associated plastic deformation are likely associated with which type of failure? AA. Stress corrosion cracking B Brittle fracture C. Thermal fatigue D. Temper embrittlement 22. Athigh temperatures, metal ‘components can slowly and continuously deform under load below the yield strength. This time dependent deformation of stressed components is known as__? A.Creep B. Ductility . Softening D. Hardening 23, Permanent deformation ‘occurring at relatively low stress levels as a result of localized overheating is called__. A. Stress cracking B. Brittle fracture C.Temper embrittlement D. Stress rupture 24. usually occurs when a colder liquid contacts a warmer metal surface. A. Brittle fracture B Thermal fatigue C.Thermal shock D. Stress rupture ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 61281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 25. Nickel based alloys usually contain___ nickel, A. 250% B.220% C.210% D.212% 26,__is change in the microstructure of certain carbon steels and 0.5Mo steels after long- term operation in the 800° F to 1100° F range that may cause a loss in strength, ductility and/or creep resistance. A. Embrittlement B. Carburization C. Graphitization D. Sensitization 27.__ is usually found in aqueous environments or services where water is sometimes or always present, especially where stagnant or low-flow conditions allow the growth of microorganisms, AMIC BHIC c.SOHIC D. None of the above 28, With chloride stress corrosion cracking, temperatures __ the susceptibility for cracking ‘A. Decreasing, Increases B Increasing, Increases C. Increasing, Decreases D. Decreasing, Eliminates ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 77281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 29.__is.a form of cracking that results when certain motten metals come in contact with specific alloys. Cracking can be very sudden and brittle in nature, ASCO BLME CAT D.SOHIC 30. Amine cracking has been reported down to ambient temperatures with some amines. ___ temperatures and stress levels __ the likelihood ana severity of cracking, A. Increasing increases B. Increasing, decreases C. Decreasing increases D. Increasing, reduces 31. Carbonate stress corrosion cracking usually occurs at welds or cold worked areas that A. Have been stressed relieved B. Have not been stressed relieved CC. Have high residual stress D. Have high-applied stress 32. Nitriding is usually confined to the surface of most components and will have a dull, _ appearance. In more advanced stages, the material will exhibit very hard surface hardness. A.Gray B Black c. Brown D. White ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 81281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 35. Carbon steel is susceptible to SCC when used in service. A. Hydrogen B. Ammonia C. High temperature D. High pressure 34, The grain size has an important influence on the high temperature ductility and on the reheat cracking susceptibility. A__grain size. results in___ ductile heat affected zones, making the material more susceptible to reheat cracking, A. Large, more B. Small. Less C. Large, Less D. Small, More 35. Equipment that is temper led may be susceptible to ____ during start-up and shutdown. A.Creep B. Thermal fatigue . Brittle fracture D. Stress fatigue emt 36, Amine stress corrosion cracking isa term applied to the cracking of steels under the combined actions of ____and___inaaqueous alkanolamine systems used to remove/absorb H*S and/or CO# and their mixtures from various gas and liquid hycrocarbon streams. ‘A Temperature, pressure B Pressure, stress C. Temperature, corrosion D. Tensile stress, corrosion ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 91281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 37.___ is similar to HIC butis a potentially more damaging form of cracking which appears as arrays of cracks stacked on top of each other. The result is a through thickness crack that is perpendicular to the surface and is driven by high levels, of stress, A.MIC B. SOHIC . Sulfuric SCC D. None of the above 38. Weld heat affected zone graphitization is most frequently found in the heat-affected zone adjacent to welds in a narrow band, corresponding to the low temperature edge of the heat affected zone, In multi-pass welded butt joints, these zones overlap each other covering the entire cross section, Because of its appearance, this type of graphitization is called__. A. Halfmoon B. Eyebrow C. Radi D. None of the above 39. Ata given pressure, the H°S concentration in the sour water ——astemperature_. A. Increases, increases B. Decreases, decreases C. Increases, decreases D. Decreases, increases ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 101281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 40. In order for PASCC to occur the material must be__. ‘A. PWHT B.Non-PWHT C. Sensitized D. Austenetic 4), Which API RP recommends programs to monitor small-bore piping, flange faces, blistering and HIC/SOHIC in HF alky units? AST 8.751 C571 D. 980 42, Low creep ductility is severe in high tensile strength materials and welds. A. More B. Less C. Usvally D.Not 43,__ is most tkely found in hard weld and heat-affected zones and in high strength components. AHIC B.ssc c.SOHIC D.Blistering ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 1281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 44, At elevated temperature, the carbide phases in certain carbon steels are unstable and may decompose into __. This decomposition is known as graptitization A Silicon B. Graphite nodules C.Carbon dust D. Graphite dust 45, Hydrogen blisters may form as surface bulges on the 1D, the OD on within the wall thickness of a pipe or pressure vessel. Blistering occurs from hydrogen generated by _, not hydrogen gas from the process stream, AHS B. Corrosion C. Hydriding D. Sulfur 46, Since all fuels contain some amount of sulfur, sulfuric and sulfurous acid _can occur if the metal temperature is below this temperature. A. Corrosion B Pitting C. Dew point corrosion D. All of the above ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 121281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 47.The best way to prevent 885° F ‘embrittlement is to use low alloys, or to avoid exposing the susceptible material to the embrittling range. A. Austenite B Martensite C. Ferrite D. Chromium 48. The amplitude and frequency of vibration as well as the _of the components are critical factors in vibration-induced fatigue. A. Velocity B. Temperature CC. Fatigue resistance D. Material properties 49, Cavitation is best prevented by avoiding conditions that allow the absolute pressure to fall below the ‘of the liquid or by changing the material properties. ‘A. Minimum pressure B. Pressure/vapor ratio C. Maximum pressure D. Vapor pressure 50, Hardness levels above _are highly susceptible to hydrogen stress cracking (HF)Time-to-failure decreases as the hardness increases ‘A.225 BHN 8.237 BHN C241 BHN D. 247 BHN ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 131281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 51.__are the most common, type of equipment susceptible to carburization in the refining industry. ‘A. Reactors B. Heat exchangers C. Heater tubes D. Fin Fans. 52. Different organisms thrive on different nutrients including inorganic substances (Sulfur, HS), and organic substances (Hydrocarbons, Organic acids). In addition, all organisms require a for growth, ‘A. Oxygen B. Water Manganese D. Phosphorous source of carbon, nitrogen and ‘55. In design and fabrication, itis advisable to avoid sharp changes in cross section, such as short radius fillets or undercut that can give rise to___. Long-seam welds are particularly susceptible to reheat cracking due to mismatch caused by fit up problems. A. Stress concentrations B. Cracking C. Circumferential stress D. All of the above ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 141281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 54, The most important factors affecting graphitization are the chemistry, stress, temperature and A. Velocity B.Time at exposure C. Pressure D. Duetilty 55. Creep damage is found in high temperature equipment operating above the _ Fired heater tubes and components, Catalytic reactors, FCC reactors and FCC fractionator and regenerator internals all operate in or near this. A. Transition range 8. MADT C. Creep range D. None of the above 56. Amine stress corrosion cracking is most often associated with lean amine services. The pure alkanolamine does not cause cracking. Cracking in rich amine services are most often associated with __ problems AHS B Stress c.Wet H'S D. Temperature ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 151281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 57. The loss in strength from spheroidization (Softening) is usually accompanied by a(n) _in ductility, which allows for deformation at stress concentrations, A. Increase B. Decrease C. Reduction D.Yiela 58, Which of the following materials isnot susceptible to high temperature hydrogen attack? ‘A. 500 Series SS B.5Cr-IMo C.9CrIMo D.Allof the above 59, Which of these materials are susceptible to creep damage? ‘A. Carbon steel B, Stainless steel C. Low alloy steel D.Allof the above 60. High temperature hydrogen attack results from exposure to hydrogen at elevated temperatures and pressures. The hydrogen reacts with in steel to produce ____ which cannot diffuse through the steel, The loss of carbides causes an overall loss in strength. A. Carbides, oxygen B. Alloys, hydrogen dioxide C. Carbides, methane D. Hydrogen dioxide, HS ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 161261015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 61. Ferritic stainless steels are usually not used in_ applications. ‘A. Non-pressure boundary B. Pressure boundary C. High temperature D. Low temperature 62, Stress ruptures are characterized by ___ failures and are usually accompanied by thinning at the fracture surface. A. Rapid B.Fish-mouth C.Tensile D. None of the above 63. With hydrofluoric acid corrosion, corrosion rates increase with __ temperatures and _ HF concentrations, A. Increasing, decreasing B. Decreasing, increasing . Increasing, increasing D. Decreasing, decreasing 64, Which of the following materials is susceptible to CO? corrosion? A.Carbon steet B Stainless steel C. Duplex stainless steel D.Both B and C 65, Steel hardness, __and stress are critical factors in causing hydrogen stress cracking. A Temperature B. Alloy composition CC. Strength D. None of the above ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 171281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 66. If the BHN is 400-500 it may indicate A. Carburization B. Hydriding C. Temper embrittlement D. Caustic embrittlement 67.The graphitization rate __ with increasing temperature. A. Increases B Decreases C. Stops. D. Proceeds 68. The level of creep damage is a function of the material and the coincident __level at which the creep deformation occurs. A. Pressure/Temperature B Pressure/Stress CC. Temperature/Stress D. None of the above 69. Titanium should not be used in known hydriding services such as —or__. A. Caustic, amine B. Amine, sour water C. Sour water, Alkylation D.Allof the above 70. Convert these temperatures - 156° C and 450° F A, 304° F, 151°C B. 284° F, 218° C C. 312° F, 232°C D. 296° F, 246°C ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 181281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 71. Which of the following alkanolamine systems is the most aggressive in causing amine corrosion? ‘A. Monoethanolamine (MEA) B. Diglycolamine (DGA) C. Diethanolamine (DEA) D. Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) 72,__ is aloss in toughness due to a metallurgical change that can ‘occur in alloys containing a fer phase, as a result of exposure in the temperature range 600° F to 100° F. ‘A. Caustic embrittlement B. Notch toughness C. 885° F embrittlement D. Ductile embrittlement 75. Hydrochloric acid corrosion is a general and localized corrosion and is very aggressive to most common materials of construction. Damage in refineries is often associated with dew point corrosion in which vapors containing ___and hydrogen chloride condense from the overhead stream of a distillation, fractionation, or stripping tower. AO BO CHO D.co ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 191281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 74, When connected to a more anodic material, titanium may suffer severe A. Corrosion B Hydriding CC Stress D. Notch toughness 75.__is a form of stress corrosion cracking normally ‘occurring during shutdowns, startups or during operation when air and moisture are present. Cracking is due to sulfur acids forming from sulfide scale, air and moisture acting on sensitized stainless steel. A.Caustic SCC B. Chloride SCC C. Polythionic acid SCC D. None of the above 76, __usually occurs when a colder liquid contacts a warmer metal surface. A. Stress cracking B. Thermal fatigue C. Thermal shock D. Stress shock 77. Which of these materials is not susceptible to amine cracking? A. Carbon steel B. 300 Series SS C. 400 Series SS D. Both B and C ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards!1015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 78. The presence of ____in H#S streams increases the severity of high temperature sulfide corrosion at temperatures above about 500° F A. Amine B. Hydrogen C. Sutfides D.Allof the above 79. Increasing chromium content in the alloy improves resistance to sulfidation. However, there is little improvement with increasing chromium content until about __ cr. ABS B57 79 D912 80, the sudden rapid fracture under stress (residual or applied) where the material exhibits little or no evidence of ductility or plastic deformation. A Thermal fatigue B. Thermal shock Brittle fracture D. Stress fracture 81. Caustic embrittlement cracking can be effectively prevented by means of PWHT at a temperature of A108 F B.NS0° F C.1200° F D.1250° F ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 211281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 82, General or localized corrosion of carbon steels and other metals caused by dissolved salts, gases, ‘organic compounds or microbiological activity is called A. Cooling water corrosion B. Oxidation MIC D. None of the above 83. With CO? corrosion, increasing temperatures ___ corrosion rates up to the point where CO? is vaporized, A. Decrease B. Increase C. Eliminate D. None of the above 84, Units where graphitization may be suspected are the FCCU and the oni ‘A. Hydrotreater B. Coker CAlky D. None of the above 85. Where is PASCC normally located? ‘A. Adjacent to welds B. On impellers C. At stress risers D. At flanges ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards!1015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 86. All based materials and tow alloy materials, 300 Series SS and 400 Series 8S are susceptible to Sulfidation, A. Carbon B Steet C. Chromium D. tron 87, Sulfuric acid promotes general ang localized corrosion of carbon steel, Carbon steel heat affected zones may experience severe corrosion. Acid concentration, temperature, alloy content and are critical factors affecting sulfuric acid corrosion. A. Pressure B Stress C. Velocity D. Duetilty 88, Which of these materials are susceptible to brittle fracture? ‘A. Carbon steels B. Low alloy steels, C. 400 Series SS D.Allof the above ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 231281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 89, isa form of environmental cracking that can initiate on the surface of high strength low alloy steels and carbon steets with highly localized zones of high hardness in the weld metal and HAZ as a result of exposure to aqueous HF acid service, A. Sulfide stress cracking B. Hydrogen stress cracking C. Caustic stress cracking D. Hydrogen induced cracking several units, especially__and units, hydroprocessing units and catalytic reformer units. A.Amine, crude B. Crude, Alkylation C. Vacuum, Amine D. Crude, Vacuum 9. Cracking can occur at low caustic levels if a concentrating mechanism is present. In such cases, caustic concentrations of __ ppm are sufficient to cause cracking, ‘A.50-100 B. 100-150 c.150-200 D. 200-250 92. Which of these materials is susceptible to 685° F embrittlement? ‘A, 400 Series SS. B Duplex SS C.5Cr-IMo D. Both A and B ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards! 241281015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 95. Spheroidization and graptitization are competing mechanisms that occur at overlapping temperature ranges. ‘Spheroidization tends to occur preferentially above _while graphitization predominates below this temperature ‘A.1000° F B.1025° F c.1050° F D.1loa® F ‘94, Sulfidation is primarily caused by ___ and other reactive sulfur species as a result of the thermal decomposition of suifur compounds at high temperatures. A. Sulfur dioxide B.HES CC. Sulfur trioxide D. Sulfates 95, Damage from sigma phase appears in the form of __. A. Corrosion B. Hardness C.Cracking D. Duetilty 96. The extent and depth of decarburization is a function of temperature and _. A. Pressure B. Material properties C. Exposure time D. Velocity ntps:iqulzetcom/5824234/ap1571-Nash-cards!1015123, 10:21 PM [APLST! Flashcards | Quizlet, 97. Corrosion of the anode may be significantly higher _to the connection to the cathode, depending on solution conductivity. A. Parallel B. Adjacent C. Diagonally D. Perpendicular 98. Conditions favoring carburization include a high gas phase carbon activity and _ oxygen potential A.Low B High c. Negative D. Positive 99, Susceptibility to temper ‘embrittlement is largely determined by the presence of the alloying ‘elements manganese and _ A. Chromium B. Moly Silicon D. None of the above 100. Improved resistance to erosion is usually achieved through increasing substrate__using harder alloys, hard facing or face- hardening treatment. ‘A. Composition B Stress C. Hardness D. None of the above ntpe:iqulzetcom/5824234/9p1571-Nash-cards!