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Effectiveness of Lemon (Citrus Limon) and Vinegar Mixture

as Dishwashing Liquid and Degreaser

A Junior High School Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of the Junior High School Department

Manuel S. Enverga Institute Foundation, Inc.

San Antonio, Quezon

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Junior High School Science Investigatory Project

by:

Atienza, Jake Francis

Saguan, Chris Jernie D.

Cabael, Kim Gwendalaine R.

Dimaculangan, Jhared Leirre

Vergara, John Reyver G.

Tapire, Jozel Ann T.

May 2023
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APPROVAL SHEET

This research entitled:

“Effectiveness of Lemon (Citrus Limon) and Vinegar as Dishwashing Liquid and

Degreaser” has been prepared and submitted by Atienza, Jake Francis, Saguan, Chris
Jernie D., Cabael, Kim Gwendalaine R., Dimaculangan, Jhared Leirre, Vergara,
John Reyver G., Tapire, Jozel Ann T., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
English 10 and Science 10 has been examined and recommended for acceptance and
approval for oral presentation.

MS. MECCA ELLA M. DELOS SANTOS MR. GEROME L. AMADOR, LPT

Science Adviser Research Adviser

Approved by the Research Advisers on Research Presentation with a grade of PASSED

on May 8, 2023

GEROME L. AMADOR, LPT MECCA ELLA M. DELOS SANTOS

Research Adviser Science Teacher

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Junior High School
Science Investigatory Project of Grade 10 in Manuel S. Enverga Institute Foundation, Inc.

JOCELYN M. ARANDA, MAEd

Principal for JHS and SHS
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Acknowledgement

The researchers would like to extend their fullest gratitude and appreciation to the

people who gave their effort, time and support in the accomplishment of this work.

Special thanks are given to the following:

To Our God Almighty, for giving us the good health, strength, and will in

completing this study as well as the guidance and blessings that You have provided to us.

To Our Parents and Families, for the endless encouragement and support all

throughout the conduction of this research.

To Our Research Advisers, Mr. Gerome Amador, LPT and Ms. Mecca Ella

Delos Santos, for all the guidance, learnings, and sacrifices that you have given us since

the very beginning of this research until the end.

To Our School Principal, Ms. Jocelyn M. Aranda, for her support, time, and

guidance that definitely helped us in completing this task

To The Faculty Members and Staffs of MSEIFI San Antonio, for believing to

our skills and talents that made us to have the inspiration in finishing this study.

To Our Friends and Classmates, for their overwhelming support and

encouragement as well as being one of the sources of our happiness that made us to

continue working hard for this paper

To The Citizens of San Antonio, for their time and cooperation on responding to

our research survey

Thank You Very Much and God Bless You All!

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Dedication

The researchers would like to dedicate this paper to the people who became their

inspiration since the very beginning of this study.

To Our Parents and Family, who never failed to express their unconditional love

and support towards us and for being a good example that taught us to strive harder for

the things that we want to achieve.

To Our Friends and Classmates, who are always there to support us no matter

what happen and for being the constant source of encouragement and laughter during the

challenges of our whole high school life.

To Mr. Gerome Amador, LPT and Ms. Mecca Ella Delos Santos, who guided

and supported us all throughout the process of creating this research.

To The Faculty Members of MSEIFI San Antonio, who always believe in our

talents, skills, and abilities and for being our inspiration on finishing this paper.

To The Students of MSEIFI and Citizens of San Antonio, for being

understanding and cooperative every time that we need their help in accomplishing this

research paper.

To all these amazing people, we are dedicating this research paper to you.

Thank You and May Our Lord God Bless You All!
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Table of Contents

PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title Page ………………………………………………………………………………. 1

Approval Sheet ……………………………………………………………………….... 2

Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………...…… 3

Dedication ………………………………………………………………………...…… 4

Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………...…. 5

List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………...…... 8

List of Figures …………………………………………………………….…………… 9

List of Appendices ……………………………………………………………….....…. 10

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………... 11

I. CHAPTER I : THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 12

Background of the Study ……………………………………………………………… 13

Statement of the Problems …………………………………………………………….. 14

Objectives of the Study ………………………………………………………………... 15

Hypotheses …………………………………………………………………………….. 16

Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………………… 16

Scope and Delimitation ………………………………………………………………... 18

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Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………………… 18

II. CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature …………………………………………………………………….. 20

Foreign Literature …………………………………………………………………….. 21

Local Literature ………………………………………………………………………. 23

Related Studies ……………………………………………………………………….. 24

Foreign Studies ……………………………………………………………………….. 26

Local Studies …………………………………………………………………………. 28

Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………………………. 29

Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………………………. 30

III. CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design ………………………………………………………………………. 31

Respondents of the Study ……………………………………………………………... 31

Research Locale ……………………………………………………………………….. 32

Research Instrument …………………………………………………………………… 32

Data Gathering Procedure ……………………………………………………………... 33

Validation Procedure …………………………………………………………………... 33

Statistical Treatment …………………………………………………………………… 33

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IV. CHAPTER IV : PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA

Presentation of Data ……………………………………………………………………. 36

Phase 1 …………………………………………………………………………………. 37

Phase 2 …………………………………………………………………………………. 38

Phase 3 …………………………………………………………………………………. 39

Graphs ………………………………………………………………………………….. 40

Tables …………………………………………………………………………………... 42

i. CHAPTER V : SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary ……………………………………………………………………………….. 49

Findings ………………………………………………………………………………... 51

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………... 51

Recommendations ……………………………………………………………………... 52

Reference ………………………………………………………………………………. 54

Appendices …………………………………………………………………………….. 56

Curriculum Vitae ………………………………………………………………………. 75

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List of Tables

Table 1 : Four-Point Scale for the Weighted Mean ………………………………………………… 34

Table 2. Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio,

Quezon. ………………………………………………………………………………… 42

Table 3. Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio,

Quezon in terms of Porcelain. …………………………………………………………..43

Table 4. Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio,

Quezon in terms of Ceramic. ………………………………………………………….. 44

Table 5. Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio,

Quezon in terms of Plasticware. ………………………………………………………. 45

Table 6. Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio,

Quezon in terms of Glassware. ………………………………………………………... 46

Table 7. Legends of the survey ……………………………………………………...… 47

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List of Figures

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………….… 30

Figure 2. Map of Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio, Quezon ……………………….. 32

Figure 3. Graph of the respondents age. ……………………………………………… 41

Figure 4. Graph of respondents gender. ………………………………………………. 42

Figure 5. Graph of the respondents in terms of their residents. ………………………. 42

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List of Appendices

Appendix A : Survey Request Letter ………………………………………………….. 56

Appendix B : Validation Request Letter …………………………………………….… 58

Appendix C : Tally Sheets …………………………………………………………….. 64

Appendix D : Documentation (Survey) ……………………………………………….. 67

Appendix E : Poster …………………………………………………………………… 74

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Research Title:

“EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON (CITRUS LIMON) AND VINEGAR MIXTURE

AS DISHWASHING LIQUID AND DEGREASER”

Name of the Researchers : Jake Francis Atienza

: Chris Jernie D. Saguan
: Kim Gwendalaine R. Cabael
: Jhared Leirre Dimaculangan
: John Reyver G. Vergara
: Jozel Ann T. Tapire

Grade Level and Section : 10 - Ruby

Name of Research Advisers : Ms. Mecca Ella Delos Santos

: Mr. Gerome Amador, LPT

Abstract

The prevalence of skin irritation and improper disposal pose a great threat to the
environment. As we all know, there are variety of choices when pertaining to
dishwashing liquid but some of them may contain harmful chemicals that can also
destroy the environment without proper disposal. As a result, the researchers found an
alternative product that can help them prevent further damage to environment and to their
skin while also proven to be effective enough to clean tough grimes on plates. We can
utilize the materials that can be commonly seen on every household, vinegar and lemon.
In order to determine the effectiveness of the dishwashing liquid, we conducted a survey
that are focused on housewives from Brgy. Bagong Niing. As the result of the researchers
survey, the researchers expect that the households will be aware that they can also utilize
lemon and vinegar as organic dishwashing liquid. The said results can be found on the
Summary, Findings, and Conlusion part of the research paper.
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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter deals and presents the Introduction, Background of the Study,

Statement of the Problem, Objectives of the Study, Hypothesis, Significance of the Study,

Scope and Delimitation, and Definition of Terms.

Introduction

The researchers noticed that lemon and vinegar will work effectively as both a

dishwashing liquid and a degreaser.. Lemon is a powerful cleaning agent. The acid in

lemons is antibacterial as well as antiseptic, resulting in a stronger, longer-lasting and

fresh citrusy smell. According to (Higuera, 2020), the acidic nature of vinegar is so

powerful it can dissolve mineral deposit, dirt, grease, and grime. It’s also strong enough

to kill bacteria. With lemon and vinegar having cleaning and anti-bacterial properties,

given the topic is dishwashing liquid, the researchers assume that the lemon and vinegar

mixture will act as a dishwashing liquid and degreaser.

People need to save money now since they are confined to their homes and must do

so. Nowadays, people enjoy experimenting with things that can be of use to them. In

actuality, our uses' intervention in the shaky cleanliness of our surroundings causes

exceedingly dry hands. Cleaning up after yourself might result in dry hands in the same

way. The soap dries the water from your skin that is affecting the barrier that holds the

moisture (Lipton, 2021). Chemicals in dishwashing detergents may also cause skin
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irritation (Kutchina, 2021). It’s also shown that harsh chemical surfactants in

dishwashing liquid that are responsible for breaking down oil and grease can potentially

have damaging consequences to the mucus linings of humans gastrointestinal tract

(Prasad, 2019). There searchers also aim to make a substitute for strong stains on the

plates, and it helps to be sure that there will be lesser chemicals in what is being used

everyday.

Background of the Study

According to Bio-Home (2019), the use of the common dishwashing liquid can

destroy the environment without proper disposal. Some of the dishwashing liquid may

have some toxic materials that pose a great threat to people. The common dishwashing

liquid contain a trace of phospate and other can be hazardous to the marine life and

ecosystem.

The citric acid in lemon is known to be an effective natural cleaning agent with a

pH level 2 (along the vinegar), and is great at dissolving soap scum, removing hard water

deposits, polishing, and disinfecting.

Vinegar along will simply run off of most surfaces, while dish soap is too thick to

use as a spray. But when you mix them together you get an effective sprayable cleaner

that sticks to any surface.

The lemon is a good anti-bacterial agent that can actually kill the germs on the

plates and the fresh smell of the lemon can also leave a natural citrusy smell. Both
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ingredients are excellent at dissolving tough grime.

Vinegar and lemon juice are acidic substances, also, vinegar and lemon juice are

often recommended for removing hard-water scale, soap films and rust stains from

fixtures, sinks and counters. As you know, both are both quite sour. This sourness is a

result of water, usually at about 5% with a pH of 2.4. Lemon juice contains ascorbic acid

and citric acid, with a pH of about 2.3. These weak acids work best in attacking stains

that are bases. (ET, 2011)

In this way, making dishwashing liquid with lemon and vinegar as the primary

ingredients will make us sure that there is no hazardous chemical in it. The researchers

and the community can also be sure that what they are using is neat and clean.

Statement of the Problem

This research has a major concern about the performance of lemon and vinegar as a

dishwashing liquid and degreaser. To obtain all the essential knowledge, data, and

information, the research sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age

1.2. Sex

1.3. Address
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2. What is the reliability of the lemon and vinegar mixture as dishwashing liquid and

degreaser?

3. What is the level of effectiveness the lemon and vinegar mixture as dishwashing liquid

and degreaser to the following materials:

3.1. Porcelain

3.2. Ceramic

3.3. Plasticware

3.4. Glassware

Objectives of the Study

The general objectives of this research is to discover a new alternative dishwashing

liquid with the lemon and vinegar as the ingredients. The following are the specific

objectives of this research:

1. To determine the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of their age, sex, and

address.

2. To identify the level of reliability of the lemon and vinegar mixture as dishwashing

liquid and degreaser.

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3. To analyse the level of effectiveness of the lemon and vinegar mixture to the materials

like porcelain, ceramic, plasticware, glassware.

Hypotheses

H1 : The researchers assumes that the respondents answers will vary from their age, sex

and grade level.

H1 : The result of this research claims that using the lemon and vinegar mixture as a

dishwashing liquid and degreaser will remove greases, oil and make the plates smell fresh.

H1 : There is significant differences among the effectiveness of the mixture of lemon and

vinegar when applied to : Porcelain, Ceramic, Plasticware, Glassware.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to provide information to measure the effectiveness of using lemon

and vinegar as a dishwashing liquid and degreaser. The following will greatly benefit

from the study's findings:

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To the local residents:

The local residents will benefit from the lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid and

degreaser. The result will then give the local residents to have a chemical-free dishes and

plates.

To the barangays:

The barangay will benefit from the organic dishwashing liquid and degreaser,

resulting to a cleaner environment and a non-polluted land and water in their vicinity.

To the researchers:

It gives a bit of knowledge and idea to the researchers specially to those who really

appreciate the art of experimentation just to avoid people from risk. The impact the study

can do to the researchers were great, that it gives the researchers the idea to make

something new from the lemon and vinegar.

To the future researchers:

This will be more beneficial for the future researchers. This could be their guide to

expand their information and knowledge to that particular topic. The information they

can gather in the study will benefit them to discover something new they can make with

lemon and vinegar.

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Scope and Delimitation

The general intent of the study is to determine that the lemon and vinegar mixture

as a dishwashing liquid and degreaser can clean properly as dishwashing liquid and

degreaser. The target types of plates that the mixture will be applied to are Porcelain,

Ceramic, Plasticware, and Glassware. In order to conduct this research, this study limits

its coverage to thirty respondents. The duration of this research will be conducted

withinthe Third and Fourth Quarter of the school year 2022-2023. The research survey

will be conducted on the vicinity of Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio, Quezon.

Definition of Terms

Anti-bacterial. a substance that kills bacteria or stops them from growing and causing

disease.

Ceramic. made of clay and hardened by heat.

Consequence. something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition.

Degreaser. a substance or product that removes or dissolves grease.

Dishwashing Liquid. dishwashing liquid, also known as dishwashing soap, dish

detergent, and dish soap is a detergent used to assist in dishwashing.

Ecosystem. an ecological community together with its environment, functioning as a unit.

Effectiveness. successful in producing a desired or intended result.

Flaky. breaking or separating easily into small thin pieces.

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Glassware. ornaments and articles made from glass.

Grime. black dirt or soot, especially such dirt clinging to or ingrained in a surface.

Hazardous. involving risk or danger.

Intervention. the systematic process of assessment and planning employed to remediate

or prevent a social, educational, or developmental problem.

Lemon and Vinegar mixture. a mixture that is a good degreaser with a sour smell.

Plasticware. articles made of plastic.

Porcelain. a white vitrified translucent ceramic.

Quarantine. a state, period, or place of isolation in which people or animals that may

have been exposed to infectious disease are placed.

Reliability. the quality of being trustworthy or of performing consistently well.

Surfactants. a substance which tends to reduce the surface tension of a liquid in which it

is dissolved.
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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter deals and presents various ideas of different authors related to the

study and research studies of different researchers that helps the present study as well as

the theoretical framework. It is divided into four sections which are the local related

literature, foreign related literature, local related studies and foreign related studies.

Related Literature

As specifies by the researchers observation, a huge number of residents experience

itchiness and flaky skin due to some chemicals in other dishwashing liquids according to

(California Skin Inc., 2020). And using a natural dishwashing liquid is what they thought

of as a solution. In addition, lemon is a natural cleaner that has a natural smell. It also has

anti-bacterial properties and it also contains vitamin C an antioxidant that may help

reduce skin damage (Nall, 2019). On the other hand, going organic can help you limit

your exposure to potentially harmful substances. This section will be providing

information that will widen the understanding of the residents on using a natural

dishwashing liquid made of lemon and vinegar.

Vinegar and lemon juice are often recommended for removing hard-water scale,

soap films and rust stains from fixtures, sinks and counters. As you know, both are both

quite sour. This sourness is a result of acids. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid in water,

usually at about 5 percent, with a pH of 2.4. Lemon juice contains ascorbic acid and citric
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acid, with a pH of about 2.3. These weak acids work best in attacking stains that are bases.

(Doherty, 2011)

A variety of natural vinegar products are found In civilizations around the world. A

review of research on these fermented products indicates numerous reports of health

benefits derived by consumption of vinegar components. Therapeutic effects of vinegar

arising from consuming the inherent bioactive components including acetic acid, gallic

acid, catechin, ephicatechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and ferulic

acid cause antioxidative, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antitumor, antiobesity,

antihypertensive, and cholesterol‐lowering responses. The aims of this article are to

discuss vinegar history, production, varieties, acetic acid bacteria, and functional

properties of vinegars. (Budak, 2014)

Foreign Literature

According to Harvard T.H. Chan (2019), the French phrase "vin aigre," or sour

wine, is where the name "vinegar" originates. Turmeric was used in Babylon as early as

5000 BCE, not merely for cooking but also as a medicinal, preservative, and beverage to

increase energy and foster wellness. According to legend, vinegar was found after

forgotten wine fermented and turned sour after being stored for several months. Acetic

acid and water are combined to create vinegar through a two-step fermentation process.

Initially, yeast consume any liquid derived from a plant source, such as fruits, whole

grains, potatoes, or rice, and feed on the sugar or starch therein. It ferments into alcohol.
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The alcohol is then re-fermented over several weeks or months by being exposed to

oxygen and the acetic acid bacteria Acetobacter. Vinegar is low in calories and nutrients.

Depending on the type, one tablespoon of vinegar contains anywhere from 2 to 15

calories. The lowest calorie versions like distilled vinegar have no nutrient value; others

contain trace amounts of nutrients. Because most vinegars are free of sodium and sugar,

they are an ideal ingredient to flavor foods on restricted diets. However, not all are

calorie-free. Some vinegars are a blend of grape juice and wine vinegar, sometimes with

added sugar, so it is important to read the nutrition facts label and ingredients list to know

exactly what you are getting.

Vinegar is commonly used as a home remedy for many skin problems. It is

important for dermatologists to understand the evidence supporting its use in skin disease,

as well as potential adverse effects, so they can properly counsel patients on the safe use

of this widely available treatment. Vinegar possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant

properties that provide utility in wound care as well as bacterial and fungal infections.

There is also evidence to support its use in pruritus, head lice removal, and treatment of

striae gravidarum. While generally safe, inappropriate use can result in damage to the

skin. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting vinegar as a treatment for skin

disease, as well as adverse events reported from misuse, to provide dermatologists the

knowledge to counsel patients on the safe and appropriate use of vinegar. ( Elhage, 2022)

White vinegar provides natural but effective antimicrobial activity. However, many

people find the smell of white vinegar to be far too pungent and sharp to use as a cleaner
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on its own. That is where the lemon (or other citrus) By infusing white vinegar with

lemon peels, this cleaning spray takes on a fresh, citrusy, enjoyable scent. Furthermore,

lemon has its own formidable cleaning power. Lemon is known to have natural anti-

fungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, and deodorizing properties. ( Homestead, 2019)

To make an all-purpose cleaning solution from lemon juice and vinegar, simply

add 100 ml of white vinegar, 100 ml of cooled boiled water, and 1 teaspoon of lemon

juice to an empty spray bottle. Mix, and you’re good to go. Keep your bottle in a cool

spot, and use it within 7 days. If you want a natural cleaning solution that lasts a little

longer, you can mix 250 ml of white vinegar with 250 ml of cooled boiled water in an

empty spray bottle, and then add 15 – 20 drops of lemon essential oil. Shake well before

every use. You can steep lemon peel and herbs, such as rosemary or lavender, in white

vinegar, to make a lemon-scented vinegar-based cleaning solution. This takes a little time

– around 2 weeks of steeping – but makes a great natural cleaner from peels that would

otherwise go to waste.( Moral Fibres, 2013)

Local Literature

The recent announcement by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) of

its findings that approximately 14 of the close to 20 vinegar brands they tested contain

synthetic acetic acid and are not, in fact, made from pure fermented plant extract was a

brief diversion from the ballot-counting concerns but a legitimate cause for concern.

According to reports, just three products met the standard for not containing synthetic
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acetic acid. (Doyo, 2019)

Related Studies

Manual or automated dishwashing is a common household chore. A daily habitual

duty that must be completed. Just an automated dishwasher. Specifically, does the system

have the ability to clean crockery and cutlery as a whole? Mechanism involved in food

production and consumption". There is a greater likelihood of locating an electronic

mechanical dishwasher in a contemporary setting. As compared to the start of the century,

urban households in wealthy countries in the millennium, which was twenty years ago. It

started off as a wooden device, but it has since changed. Ranging from an 1850 hand-

cranked wheel to a 1911 gas-powered device to around 1920, there was freestanding

equipment with permanent plumbing. From 1950 on, considerably. (Emmel, 2003)

We investigated the effect of hydrophobic extract concentration on the safety of

using hand dishwashing liquids (HDL). A series of formulations was prepared, differing

in the concentration of the hydrophobic chamomile extract obtained in supercritical CO2

conditions (from 0 to 0.7 %). We found that an increase in the concentration of the

extract led to a decrease in the zein number, and reduced changes in the pH level of

bovine serum albumin solution (i.e., two parameters determining the irritant activity of

the formulations). It was also found that the additives reduced transepidermal water loss

and improved the skin hydration level. Based on the findings of the study, a mechanism

has been proposed, according to which hydrophobic plant extracts form aggregates in the
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volume phase of the washing bath. The surface of the aggregates is the adsorption area

for surfactant monomers responsible for the Irritant effect. Increasing the addition of the

extract was shown to reduce the negative impact of the formulations on the skin of the

hands, thus contributing to a greater safety of use of HDL.(Wasilewski, 2016)

The main objective of the study is”extraction, identification of antimicrobial

compounds and demonstration of antimicrobial activity of lemon (Citrus lemon L.) peel

against bacteria. As microorganism are becoming resistant to present day antibiotics, our

study focuses on antimicrobial activity and future prophylactic potential of the lemon

peel. Biologically active compounds present in the medicinal plants have always been of

great interest to scientists. The peel of citrus fruits is a rich source of flavanones and

many polymethoxylated flavones, which are very rare in other plants. These compounds,

not only play an important physiological and ecological role, but are also of commercial

interest because of their multitude of applications in the food and pharmaceutical

industries. The citrus peel oils show strong antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial

activity has been checked in terms of MIC by using different solvents against

microorganisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2036 for which MIC was 1: 20 in

presence of methanol, for Salmonella typhimurium NCIM 5021 the observed MIC was 1:

20 in presence of acetone. In case of Micrococcus aureus NCIM 5021 the observed MIC

was 1: 20 when ethanol was used as solvent. The compounds like coumarin and tetrazene

were identified by GC/MS of lemon peel extract.( Dhanavade et, al., 2011)
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Foreign Studies

The citrus limon (lemon) species, which has beneficial medicinal, cosmetic, and

culinary (healthy food) capabilities, is discussed in this article along with some of its

significant botanical, chemical, and pharmacological traits. Following a brief introduction

to the genus Citrus, details are provided about the chemical make-up, metabolomic

research, and biological functions of the primary basic materials derived from C. limon

(fruit extract, juice, essential oil) (fruit extract, juice, essential oil). The beneficial

biological function of C. Its high concentration of phenolic chemicals, primarily

flavonoids (such as diosmin, hesperidin, and limocitrin) and phenolic acids, makes limon

(e.g., ferulic, synapic, p-hydroxybenzoic acids). The bioactive monoterpenoids D-

limonene, -pinene, and -terpinene are abundant in the essential oil. medicinal effects of C,

which have recently been scientifically proved. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial,

anticancer, and antiparasitic properties of lime are present. The review gives special

consideration, citing published scientific. (Klimek-Szczykutowics, et al., 2020)

Based on the article Limoneira, (2020), lemons and lemon peel has been used as a

natural cleaner for centuries. The limonene in lemon peel is used for its grease-cutting

cleaning power in many commercially prepared cleaning products, and you can take

advantage of those properties in DIY cleaning recipes too. But, cleaning is one thing.

Disinfecting is another. Disinfecting means that you are removing not just dirt and grime,

but bacteria as well. Here’s a look at some of the science of cleaning with citrus.

Researchers found that lemon juice had disinfecting properties against the norovirus. The
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norovirus is responsible for most of the devastating gastroenteritis outbreaks that

occasionally take over institutions such as hospitals, rest homes, and even cruise ships –

anywhere there are large groups of people living as a close community.

A study was done on the direct conversion of lemon juice into lemon vinegar. Two

separate strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two different kinds of cultures

(submerged culture and yeasts immobilized in alginate beads) were employed for the

alcoholic fermentation. During this phase, a microbiological control was also put in place.

Variables for acetic fermentation were tailored for a semi-continuous procedure. The

whole process was observed using polyphenolic composition (UPLC-DAD), volatile

(SBSE/GC-MS), and sensory analysis was also carried out for the optimization process.

When Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. was used, the ideal circumstances for alcoholic

fermentation were achieved. In a submerged culture, the bayanus strain produced wine

with an ethanol level of 13.53 mL per 100 mL. The application of an unloading volume

in acetic fermentation. (Leonés, 2018)

Particularly for individuals with hypocitraturia, knowledge of the citric acid

concentration of drinks may be helpful in nutrition treatment for calcium urolithiasis. A

clinical goal in the medical care of calcium urolithiasis is to achieve therapeutic urine

citrate concentration since citrate is a naturally occurring inhibitor of urinary

crystallization. Drinks containing citric acid increase the volume of urine when given as

fluids, which decreases the saturation of calcium and other crystals in the urine and may

improve urinary citrate excretion. It is not well understood how much citric acid is
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included in fruit juices and commercially available formulations. We measured the

amount of citric acid in several fruit juices. (Endourol. 2009 )

Local Studies

An article titled "Household Product for Spring Cleaning" claims (2012). Lemon

has amazing antibacterial properties. It will aid in odor removal when mixed with

purified water or a cleaner. Moreover, it has the potential to leave areas that are being

cleaned with an increasingly aromatic odor. It is an alternative to blanching as well. It

works with glasses, glass, and exquisite coffee pots. Moreover, it may be used to clean

metal. White vinegar is one of the most practical ingredients for household cleaning,

according to Filipino Digest, which also noted this in the same article (2012). The item is

a bacterial adversary that can destroy germs, which is the explanation. Assassinating any

form is also a good idea.

Germs are everywhere and people are indeed exposed to these harmful,

microscopic organisms everyday of their lives – especially during summer when

temperatures reach record high allowing sickness and heat-caused disease get in the way

[Republic of the Philippines – Media Relations Unit. (May 6, 2013)]. What is the most

common way to get rid of bacteria? Everyone would agree that nothing’s better than soap.

According to soaphistory.net, soaps come in different types depending on how and where

one would use them. They also come in different forms such as solid, liquid, and

powdered form. Each type of soap comprises different chemicals that contribute to its
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over-all quality. In the present time and age, soap is an essential part of building one’s

health when it comes to the aspect of personal hygiene. Soaps do it all. We use them to

clean our whole body. ( Colman, 2013)

Theoretical Framework

This study was founded on a theory by Doherty (2011) where they made a cleaner

made out of lemon juice and vinegar. Resulting in a cleaner for removing hard-water

scale, soap films and rust stains from fixtures, sinks and counters. According to the study,

this outcome was made by the acids from lemon and vinegar. A solution of acetic acid in

water with a pH of 2.4, often at a concentration of around 5%, is vinegar. Lemon juice

has a pH of roughly 2.3 and contains citric and ascorbic acids. The ideal targets for these

weak acids are bases in stains. With the positive outcome of their theory, it hyped up the

ideas of the researchers to make a dishwashing liquid and degreaser with the same

ingredients instead of making a cleaner.

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Conceptual Framework

Figure 1.

Conceptual Framework

Preparation of survey
questionnaire.
Demographi cprofile of
respondents (age, sex, Retrieval of the survey
and adress). questionnaire.

Effectiveness of lemon Analyzing and Dishwashing Liquid

and vinegar mixture as interpreting the data and Degreaser made
dishwashing liquid and gathered. out of Lemon and
degreaser. Vinegar for lowering
Tallying and analyzing the risk of destroying
Level of effectiveness of statistics of the results. the environment.
the mixture on the
following materials Gathering the
(porcelain, ceramic, perceptions of the
plasticware, and respondents
glassware).

Figure 1 displays the Input, Process, Output (IPO) model, which demonstrates how

the instrument were tackled (Input) and how the research will carry out (Process) in order

to gather the results (Output). Answering the questionnaire will really help the

researchers carry out the investigation and get the results and information needed in the

study. The output will be the dishwashing liquid and degreaser made out of lemon and

vinegar.
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Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the procedures to be done by the researchers to attain their

needed data. This includes the research design, respondents of the study, research locale,

research instrument, data gathering procedure and validation procedure.

Research Design

This research used an experimental-quantitative research method for obtaining data

from the respondents of the study via survey questionnaire to answer the problems related

to the study. It involves attempting to prove the hypotheses by way of experimentation.

On the other hand, quantitative research focuses on quantifying the collection and

analysis of data. The quantitative methods were used in this study to assess and describe

the effectiveness of the lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid and degreaser.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents in the study were to be the housewives of Brgy. Bagong Niing,

San Antonio, Quezon. To carry out the study, we need at least 30 respondent to conduct

our survey. They are considered qualified to complete the study's survey because they

have the expertise to provide answers to the problems in our investigation. Our

respondents were chosen because they are the most frequent users of dishwashing liquid,

which may contain harmful chemicals. They will also be the ones who benefit the most
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from our research.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted at Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio Quezon. This

place was selected for most of the houses in this barangay use dishwashing liquid, this

study would be implemented inside a house that the insides are clean and well ventilated.

This study will test the effectiveness of lemon (citrus limon) and vinegar as a

dishwashing liquid and degreaser while people are washing plates and other utensils.

Figure 2.
Map of Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio, Quezon

Research Instrument

To collect the sufficient and appropriate information needed for the study, the

researchers use a survey questionnaire as the main instrument for gathering data and
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information. It will be composed of 25 questions which consist of the different ideas

about the effectiveness of lemon (citrus limon) and vinegar mixture as a dishwashing

liquid and degreaser. The dishwashing liquid and degreaser will be distributed by the

researchers along with the questionnaire.

Data Gathering Procedure

Prior to the study, the researchers shall write a request letter to the barangay

captain of the said barangay to proceed and conduct a survey. Then the researchers will

do a purposive sampling procedure to have thirty (30) respondents needed in the survey.

The researchers will then proceed to distribute the research questionnaire along with the

product the respondents would assess. The researchers will firstly discuss what the survey

is for, and how important their responses will be for the researchers. Researchers will

then collect the questionnaire in order for them to gather the information needed.

Validation Procedure

The survey questionnaire were validated by Engr. Kenneth Joshua V. Laroza.

Statistical Treatment

The finished gathering information for the respondents demographic profile and

respondents related factors namely the : Age, Gender, and Address, a formula can be

used. The formula in finding the percentage is :

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(P) Percentage = f/n × 100

Where:

P = Percentage

F = the number of respondents related factors

n = the total number of respondents

To get the mean perception of the respondents in San Antonio, Quezon, the weighted

mean was used. The formula of in getting weighted mean is :

�� + �� + �� + ��
�� =
�

A four-point scale was also used to getting the average weighted mean of the respondents

of the research respondents.

Table 1 :

Four-Point Scale for the Weighted Mean

Point scale Range Interval Prescriptive Rating Code

1 3.25 - 4.00 Strongly Agree SA

2 2.50 - 3.24 Agree A

3 1.75 - 2.49 Disagree D

4 1.00 - 1.74 Strongly Disagree SD

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The weighted mean or average weighted mean of the study's respondents was also

calculated using a four-point scale, as shown in table 1. It displays the Code, Prescriptive

Rating, Range Interval, and Point Scale. The range between 3.25 and 4.00 is Strongly

Agree (SA), which indicates that the product we created is extremely effective; 2.50 to

3.24 is Agree (A), which indicates that the respondents agreed that the product is

effective; 1.75 to 2.49 is Disagree (D), which indicates that the respondents believe the

product we created is not as effective; and finally, 1.00 to 1.74 is Strongly Disagree (SD),

which indicates that the product we created is completely ineffective.

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Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter is composed of the presentation of data as well as the analysis and

interpretation of data gathered. Additionally, this chapter contains the phases of lemon

and vinegar dishwashing liquid and degreaser.

Presentation of Data

The researchers created a survey questionnaire regarding the effectiveness of

lemon and vinegar as dishwashing liquid and degreaser, and the respondents responses

will provide the information that will serve as a source of knowledge to the researchers.

The researchers picked the respondents randomly whom they thought they can help them.

The respondents answers were based on their personal experience while they use the

lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid and degreaser.

This survey will help the researchers to find a possible solution to reduce the

chemical waste in the barangays of San Antonio, Quezon. This will also assist the

researchers to understand and assess the effectiveness of lemon and vinegar as

dishwashing liquid and degreaser in reducing the use of chemical waste in San Antonio,

Quezon.
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Phase 1

Phase 1 is known as the initial phase of developing the research product,

specifically dishwashing liquid soap. First and foremost, the researchers gathered lemon

and vinegar. Next, the researchers combined the 2 lemons and added 1 cup vinegar and

added 1/2 cup of water. Lastly we let the mixture rest.

After a day (estimated time) the mixture develops a sour and funky smell. However,

when we store a product with an excessive vinegar, the mixture will preserve and the

vinegar or sour smell will become dominant. If an aged product was used on plates, the

mixture may damage the plates that may cause further damage. The estimated shelf life

of the Phase 1 lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid and degreaser is roughly 3 days. It

was due to excessive vinegar added and less lemon and water. As a result, the researchers

decided to undergo Phase 2.

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Phase 2

Phase 2 involves processing the dishwashing liquid and degreaser and modifying

their formulation for improved storage and smell. First, the researchers began by

gathering the ingredients. Next, the researchers mixed the 3 lemons and added 1/4 and

1/8 cup vinegar and added 1 and 1/2 cup of water.

Phase 2 concentrates on developing the dishwashing liquid and degreaser that was

made on Phase 1. It was done in orded to improve the smell of dishwashing liquid and

degreaser since Phase 1 was excessive in vinegar. As a result, the researchers decided to

improve the foaming efficacy of the dishwasing liquid and degreaser.

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Phase 3

Phase 3 involves transforming the dishwashing liquid and Degreaser by adding

foam booster to make it bubbled. First, the researchers began by gathering the needed

ingredients. Next, the researcher mixed the 10 lemons and added 1 cup vinegar and added

1 and 1/2 cup of water and and 1/2 foam booster.

Phase 3 centralize on developing the diswashing liquid and Degreaser that was

made on Phase 1 and Phase 2. It was done in order to improve the smell of dishwashing

and to make it bubble like the other diswashing liquid since the Phase 1 and 2 didn’t

bubble. Appropriately, the researches in the last phase have been satisfied because it has

bubble and it smells fresh.

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I. Effectiveness of Lemon and Vinegar as Dishwashing Liquid and Degreaser in the

Selected Barangay of San Antonio, Quezon

This suvey encompasses the performance of Lemon and Vinegar as Dishwashing

Liquid and Degreaser based on the responses of the respondents of the study.

Figure 3.
Graph of the respondents age

The varying age levels are depicted in the pie graph in Figure 4 of the respondents'

ages. The researchers predicted the respondent's age: 56 and older received six (6) with

20% of respondents, 46–55 years received five with 16.7% of respondents, 36–45 years

received eleven with 36.7% of respondents, and 22–35 years received eight with 26.7%

of respondents.
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Figure 4.
Graph of the respondents gender

In the graph of respondents' gender in Figure 5, all of the respondents were women

who worked as housewives in Bagong Niing.

Figure 5.
Graph of respondents in terms of their address

In the graph of respondents' gender in Figure 5, all of the respondents were women

who worked as housewives in Bagong Niing.

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Table 2.
Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio, Quezon

STATEMENTS 4 3 2 1 WM QD

1. The lemon and vinegar are suitable as raw 16 13 1 0 3.5 A

materials for dishwashing liquid.
2. The lemon and vinegar are suitable as raw 13 16 1 0 3.4 A
materials for degreaser.
3. The acidic nature of vinegar is so powerful 12 18 0 0 3.4 A
it can dissolve dirt, it also strong enough to
kill bacteria.
4. Lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid 14 12 4 0 3.33 SA
leaves a fresh and citrusy smell to the plates.
5. To clean items without using chemicals, 8 21 1 0 3.23 A
fresh lemon and organic vinegar are a
tremendous help.
6. Lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid is 13 13 4 0 3.3 A
especially effective at removing food-based
oils, making it a great spot treatment.
7. The mixture of lemon and vinegar cleanses 13 17 0 0 3.43 SA
the dishes thoroughly without hassle.
8. The Lemon and Vinegar Mixture gives 16 13 1 0 3.5 A
that squeaky clean feel and gets rid of the
smell of food.
9. The lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid 11 16 3 0 3.27 SA
and degreaser is better for the skin than the
branded ones.
10. Lemon juice and vinegar can be used to 15 14 1 0 3.47 SA
sanitize kitchen tools like plates.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 3.38 SA

The table 2 Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San

Antonio, Quezon. The researchers gather ten (10) questions that will serves as an

instrument of their research. The respondents answered the question No.1 Agree with the

weighted mean of 3.5, The Question no.2 Agree with the weighted mean of 3.4, The
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question no. 3 is Agree with the weighted mean of 3.4, The question no. 4 is Strongly

Agree with the weighted mean of 3.33, The question no. 5 is Agree with the weighted

mean of 3.23, The question no. 6 is Agree with the weighted mean of 3.3, The question

no. 7 is Strongly Agree with the weighted mean of 3.43, The question no. 8 is Agree with

the weighted mean of 3.5, The question no. 9 is Strongly Agree with the weighted mean

of 3.27, The question no. 10 is Strongly Agree with the weighted mean of 3.47. And the

total average weighted mean of the questions that the researchers conduct is Strongly

Agree with the weighted mean of 3.38 in overall.

Table 3.
Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio, Quezon in
terms of Porcelain

Porcelain 4 3 2 1 WM QD

11. The lemon and vinegar mixture reduces 12 10 8 0 3.13 A

the soft touch and beauty of the plate.
12. The mixture of the lemon and vinegar 15 11 4 0 3.37 SA
eradicates tough grimes and stains.
13. The foul smell was removed by the 16 14 0 0 3.53 SA
lemon and vinegar mixture.
14. The greasy dirt will get rid of by the 13 14 3 0 3.33 SA
mixture of lemon and vinegar.
15. The mixture leaves a fresh smell on the 12 17 1 0 3.37 SA
plates.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 3.35 SA

The Table 3. Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San

Antonio, Quezon in term of Porcelain. The researchers added the different types of plates

and this table is in terms of porcelain. This table state that the question no.1 the
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respondents Agree with the weighted mean of 3.13, question no.2 the respondents

Strongly Agree with the weighted mean of 3.37, question no.3 the respondents Strongly

Agree with the weighted mean of 3.53, question no.4 the respondents Strongly Agree

with the weighted mean of 3.33, question no.5 the respondents Strongly Agree with the

weighted mean of 3.37. And the overall average weighted mean of the questions that the

researchers gather is Strongly Agree with the weighted mean of 3.35.

Table 4.
Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio, Quezon in
terms of Ceramic

4 3 2 1 WM QD
Ceramic
16. The lemon and vinegar mixture reduces 14 8 8 0 3.2 A
the soft touch and beauty of the plate.
17. The mixture of the lemon and vinegar 10 17 3 0 3.23 A
eradicates tough grimes and stains.
18. The foul smell was removed by the 17 13 0 0 3.57 SA
lemon and vinegar mixture.
19. The greasy dirt will get rid of by the 13 15 2 0 3.37 SA
mixture of lemon and vinegar.
20. The mixture leaves a fresh smell on the 11 18 1 0 3.33 SA
plates.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 3.34 SA

The Table 4. Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San

Antonio, Quezon in term of Ceramic. The researchers added the different types of plates

and this table is in terms of porcelain. This table state that the question no.1 the

respondents Agree with the weighted mean of 3.2, question no.2 the respondents Agree
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with the weighted mean of 3.23, question no.3 the respondents Strongly Agree with the

weighted mean of 3.57, question no.4 the respondents Strongly Agree with the weighted

mean of 3.37, question no.5 the respondents Strongly Agree with the weighted mean of

3.33. And the overall average weighted mean of the questions that the researchers gather

is Strongly Agree with the weighted mean of 3.34.

Table 5.
Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio, Quezon in
terms of Plasticware

4 3 2 1 WM QD
Plasticware
21. The lemon and vinegar mixture reduces 9 13 8 0 3.03 A
the soft touch and beauty of the plate.
22. The mixture of the lemon and vinegar 9 14 3 0 2.8 D
eradicates tough grimes and stains.
23. The foul smell was removed by the 16 14 0 0 3.53 SA
lemon and vinegar mixture.
24. The greasy dirt will get rid of by the 12 16 2 0 3.33 SA
mixture of lemon and vinegar.
25. The mixture leaves a fresh smell on the 15 13 2 0 3.43 SA
plates.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 3.22 A

The Table 5. Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San

Antonio, Quezon in term of plasticware The researchers added the different types of

plates and this table is in terms of porcelain. This table state that the question no.1 the

respondents Agree with the weighted mean of 3.03, question no.2 the respondents

Disagree with the weighted mean of 3.8, question no.3 the respondents Strongly Agree
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with the weighted mean of 3.53, question no.4 the respondents Strongly Agree with the

weighted mean of 3.53, question no.5 the respondents Strongly Agree with the weighted

mean of 3.43. And the overall average weighted mean of the questions that the

researchers gather is Agree with the weighted mean of 3.22.

Table 6.
Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio, Quezon in
terms of Glassware

4 3 2 1 WM QD
Glassware
26. The lemon and vinegar mixture reduces 15 9 6 0 3.3 A
the soft touch and beauty of the plate.
27. The mixture of the lemon and vinegar 11 15 4 0 3.23 A
eradicates tough grimes and stains.
28. The foul smell was removed by the 16 14 0 0 3.53 SA
lemon and vinegar mixture.
29. The greasy dirt will get rid of by the 15 14 1 0 3.47 SA
mixture of lemon and vinegar.
30. The mixture leaves a fresh smell on the 15 14 1 0 3.47 SA
plates.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 3.4 A

The Table 6. Survey Findings of the respondents in Brgy. Bagong Niing, San

Antonio, Quezon in term of Glassware The researchers added the different types of

plates and yhis table is in terms of glassware. This table state that the question no.1 the

respondents Agree with the weighted mean of 3.3, question no.2 the respondents Agree

with the weighted mean of 3.23, question no.3 the respondents Strongly Agree with the

weighted mean of 3.53, question no.4 the respondents Strongly Agree with the weighted

mean of 3.47, question no.5 the respondents Strongly Agree with the weighted mean of
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3.47. And the overall average weighted mean of the questions that the researchers gather

is Agree with the weighted mean of 3.4.

Table 7.
Legends of the survey

Legends

Score Range Interval Qualitative Description Code

4 3.25 - 4.00 Strongly Agree SA

3 2.50 - 3.24 Agree A

2 1.75 - 2.49 Disagree D

1 1.00 - 1.74 Strongly Disagree SD

In order to test the effectiveness of lemon and vinegar as dishwashing liquid and

degreaser in the chosen barangay of San Antonio, Quezon, namely Bagong Niing. The

researchers gathered the materials such as lemon and vinegar and made the product

themselves, observed and tested the dishwashing liquid and degreaser before distributing

it to the respondents. There aren’t lots of differences between the common dishwashing

liquid and the dishwashing liquid made by the researchers. Although it’s not budget-

friendly, it’s still a good substitute for dishwashing liquids that produces chemical wastes.

In the overall data gathered through surveying, the reliability of dishwashing liquid and

degreaser is proven true. Based on the information gathered through experimentation and
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surveying, the lemon and vinegar as dishwashing liquid is a good substitute for

dishwashing liquid. The lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid and degreaser has a

yellowish color with a hint of sourness. According to some respondents it has a large

amount of vinegar while some says it smells like lemon.

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Chapter V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter contains the research summary, findings, conclusion, and

recommendations. Generalization and other interference would be seen on the conclusion,

while recommendations of the researchers can also be seen on this chapter. Generally,

this chapter aims to cover-up the end result of the study.

Summary

This research entitled “Effectiveness of Lemon (Citrus Limon) and Vinegar

Mixture as Dishwashing Liquid and Degreaser” aims to expand these following

statements:

This research set out to obtain answers to the following questions :

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of.

2. What is the reliability of the lemon and vinegar mixture as dishwashing liquid

and degreaser?

3. What is the level of effectiveness the lemon and vinegar mixture as

dishwashing liquid and degreaser to the following materials:

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According to their responses. 100% of the responses are Bagong Niing Housewives

in terms of residency. The Bagong Niing housewives were the researchers' choice for

study respondents. According to the researchers' age survey, respondents aged 56 and

older provided six (6) responses, 46–55 respondents provided five (16.7%), 36–45

respondents provided eleven (36.7%), and respondents aged 22–35 provided eight

(26.7%). In Bagong Niing, all of the respondents were female housewives.

The respondents strongly believe in the effectiveness of the lemon and vinegar

dishwashing liquid and degreaser in terms of its reliability, according to the survey from

the researchers' questionnaire. Brgy. Bagong Niing comes in at three point thirty eight

(3.38) average weighted mean.

The respondents strongly believe in the effectiveness of the lemon and vinegar

dishwashing liquid and degreaser in terms of its qualities, according to the survey from

the researchers' questionnaire. Porcelain has three point thirty five (3.35) average

weighted mean, while Ceramic has three point thirty four (3.34) average mean,

Plasticware has three point twenty two (3.22) average weighted mean, and Glassware has

three point four (3.4) average weighted mean.

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Findings

1. According to the demographic profile of the respondents, 26.7% are from the 22-35

age bracket which is 8 respondents. 36.7% are from the 36-45 age bracket which is 11 out

of 30 respondents. 16.7% are from the 46-55 age bracket which consists of 5 respondents.

Lastly 20% are from 56 and above age bracket which is 6 of the 30 respondents. All of

them are housewives which is from Brgy. Bagong Niing.

2. The average weighted mean of the Table 2, is 3.38 which indicates that the lemon and

vinegar mixture as dishwashing liquid and degreaser is a good cleaner. Which means that

the majority of the respondents agree to the cleaning properties of the lemon and vinegar

dishwashing liquid and degreaser.

3. The average weighted mean of Table 3, 4, 5, and 5 respectively are 3.35, 3.34, 3.22,

and 3.4. Which means that majority of the respondents agree to the effectiveness to the 4

kinds of plates.

Conclusion

1. Most of those who participated in the survey are between the ages of 22 and 56 and

above, 36-45 years old occupied the highest percentage while 46-55 years are second in
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place. All of them are women from Brgy. Bagong Niing, San Antonio, Quezon.

2. According to the survey, the majority of the respondents are all housewives who are

knowledgeable on washing dishes. This proves the effectiveness and reliability of the

lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid and degreaser.

3. All of the respondents are beneficially helped by the lemon and vinegar dishwashing

liquid which also may reduce the chances of getting skin irritation because of the organic

materials that are used.

Recommendations

1. It is recommended to use the product immediately after being produced because of the

natural aging properties of vinegar that may result in less effective dishwashing liquid

and degreaser.

2. The researchers encourage the users to look for more organic materials that can be

used to make dishwashing liquid. It is also recommended to use a better equipment when

making the product.

3. For everyone, we recommend them to use the lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid
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and degreaser to lessen and reduce the use of harmful chemical to the environment and

also reduce the chances of getting skin irritation.

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Reference

Doherty (2011). Why are lemon juice and vinegar used as natural or alternative cleaning
agents?
Retrived from : https://www.poconorecord.com/story/news/education/2005/01/06/why-
are-lemon-juicevinegar/51051662007/

Budak (2014). Functional properties of vinegar

Retrived from : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24811350/

Doyo (2019). Vinegar nation

Retrieved from : https://opinion.inquirer.net/121524/vinegar-nation

Emmel et, al (2003). Dishwashing and water conservation: An opportunity for

environmental education
Retrieved from :
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296126777_Dishwashing_and_water_conservat
ion_An_opportunity_for_environmental_education

Wasilewski (2016). Improvement in the Safety of Use of Hand Dishwashing Liquids

Through the Addition of Hydrophobic Plant Extracts
Retrieved from : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27795665/

Dhanavade et, al. (2011). Study Antimicrobial Activity of Lemon (Citrus lemon L.) Peel
Extract
Retrieved from :
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236217959_Study_Antimicrobial_Activity_of_
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Lemon _Citrus_lemon_L_Peel_Extract

Klimek-Szczykutowicz et, al. (2020). Citrus limon (Lemon) Phenomenon—A Review of

the Chemistry, Pharmacological Properties, Applications in the Modern Pharmaceutical,
Food, and Cosmetics Industries, and Biotechnological Studies
Retrieved from : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7020168/
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APPENDIX A

SURVEY REQUEST LETTER

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APPENDIX B

VALIDATION REQUEST LETTER

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APPENDIX C

TALLY SHEET

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE TOTAL

Age 22 - 35 8

Age 36 - 45 11

Age 46 - 55 5

Age 56 and above 6

Sex Female 30

Address Bagong Niing 30

STATEMENTS 4 3 2 1

1. The lemon and vinegar are suitable as raw materials for 16 13 1 0

dishwashing liquid.
2. The lemon and vinegar are suitable as raw materials for degreaser. 13 16 1 0

3. The acidic nature of vinegar is so powerful it can dissolve dirt, it 12 18 0 0

also strong enough to kill bacteria.
4. Lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid leaves a fresh and citrusy 14 12 4 0
smell to the plates.
5. To clean items without using chemicals, fresh lemon and organic 8 21 1 0
vinegar are a tremendous help.
6. Lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid is especially effective at 13 13 4 0
removing food-based oils, making it a great spot treatment.
7. The mixture of lemon and vinegar cleanses the dishes thoroughly 13 17 0 0
without hassle.
8. The Lemon and Vinegar Mixture gives that squeaky clean feel and 16 13 1 0
gets rid of the smell of food.
9. The lemon and vinegar dishwashing liquid and degreaser is better 11 16 3 0
for the skin than the branded ones.
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10. Lemon juice and vinegar can be used to sanitize kitchen tools like 15 14 1 0
plates.
Porcelain

11. The lemon and vinegar mixture reduces the soft touch and beauty 12 10 8 0
of the plate.
12. The mixture of the lemon and vinegar eradicates tough grimes 15 11 4 0
and stains.
13. The foul smell was removed by the lemon and vinegar mixture. 16 14 0 0

14. The greasy dirt will get rid of by the mixture of lemon and 13 14 3 0
vinegar.
15. The mixture leaves a fresh smell on the plates. 12 17 1 0

Ceramic
16. The lemon and vinegar mixture reduces the soft touch and beauty 14 8 8 0
of the plate.
17. The mixture of the lemon and vinegar eradicates tough grimes 10 17 3 0
and stains.
18. The foul smell was removed by the lemon and vinegar mixture. 17 13 0 0

19. The greasy dirt will get rid of by the mixture of lemon and 13 15 2 0
vinegar.
20. The mixture leaves a fresh smell on the plates. 11 18 1 0

Plasticware
21. The lemon and vinegar mixture reduces the soft touch and beauty 9 13 8 0
of the plate.
22. The mixture of the lemon and vinegar eradicates tough grimes 9 14 3 0
and stains.
23. The foul smell was removed by the lemon and vinegar mixture. 16 14 0 0

24. The greasy dirt will get rid of by the mixture of lemon and 12 16 2 0
vinegar.
25. The mixture leaves a fresh smell on the plates. 15 13 2 0

Glassware
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26. The lemon and vinegar mixture reduces the soft touch and beauty 15 9 6 0
of the plate.
27. The mixture of the lemon and vinegar eradicates tough grimes 11 15 4 0
and stains.
28. The foul smell was removed by the lemon and vinegar mixture. 16 14 0 0

29. The greasy dirt will get rid of by the mixture of lemon and 15 14 1 0
vinegar.
30. The mixture leaves a fresh smell on the plates. 15 14 1 0
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APPENDIX D

DOCUMENTATION (SURVEY)
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APPENDIX E

POSTER
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Curriculum Vitae

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Full Name: Jake Francis Atienza

Age: 15
Date of birth: July 22, 2007
Place of Birth: Lipa District Hospital, Lipa City, Batangas
Sex: Male
Nationality: Filipino
Marital Status: Single
Height: 5’6 “
Weight: 65kg

CONTACT INFORMATION

Phone Number: 09691967018

Email Address: [email protected]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary Education:
Name of School: Manuel S. Enverga Institute Foundation Inc.
Address of School: Brgy. Poblacion San Antonio. Quezon
School Year: 2019 - 2023

Elementary Education
Name of School: Arawan Elementary School
Address of School: Arawan San Antonio, Quezon
School Year: 2018 - 2019

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Name: Jossel M. Magtibay

Address: Brgy. Tangob, Padre Garcia, Batangas
Contact Number: 09455517865

Name: Blessery L. Bautista

Address: Brgy. Lalig, Tiaong, Quezon
Contact Number: 09105859480
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Name: Gerome L. Amador

Address: Manuel Del Valle Sr., San Antonio
Contact Number: 09454533046
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PERSONAL INFORMATION

Full Name: Chris Jernie Del Rosario Saguan

Age: 15
Date of Birth: June 11,2007
Place of Birth: Arawan San Antonio, Quezon
Sex: Female
Nationality: Filipino
Marital Status: Single
Height: 5’6”
Weight: 49 kg

CONTACT INFORMATION

Phone Number: 09923599737

Email Address: [email protected]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary Education:
Name of School: Manuel S. Enverga Institute Foundation Inc.
Address of School: Brgy. Poblacion San Antonio. Quezon
School Year: 2019 - 2023

Elementary Education
Name of School: Arawan Elementary School
Address of School: Arawan San Antonio, Quezon
School Year: 2013 - 2019

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Name: Jossel M. Magtibay

Address: Brgy. Tangob, Padre Garcia, Batangas
Contact Number: 09455517865

Name: Blessery L. Bautista

Address: Brgy. Lalig, Tiaong, Quezon
Contact Number: 09105859480

Name: Gerome L. Amador

Address: Manuel Del Valle St. San Antonio
09454533046
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PERSONAL INFORMATION

Full Name: Kim Gwendalaine Rocamora Cabael

Age: 15
Date of Birth: September 15, 2007
Place of Birth: San Pablo City, Laguna
Sex: Female
Nationality: Filipino
Marital Status: Single
Height: 5’2”
Weight: 50 kg

CONTACT INFORMATION

Phone Number: 09197735265

Email Address: [email protected]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary Education:
Name of School: Manuel S. Enverga Institute Foundation Inc.
Address of School: Brgy. Poblacion San Antonio. Quezon
School Year: 2022 - 2023

Elementary Education
Name of School: Tamisian Elementary School
Address of School: brgy. Tamisian TIaong Qeuzon
School Year: 2012 - 2019

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Name: Jossel M. Magtibay

Address: Brgy. Tangob Padre Garcia
Contact Number: 09455517865

Name: Gerome L. Amador

Address: Manuel Del Valle St. San Antonio
Contact Number: 09454533046

Name: Mark Anthony Alojado

Address: Brgy. Tamisian Tiaong Quezon
Contact Number:
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PERSONAL INFORMATION

Full Name: Jhared Leirre Dimaculangan

Age: 16
Date of Birth: May 21, 2006
Place of Birth: Paranaque City, Manila
Sex: Male
Nationality: Filipino
Marital Status: Single
Height: 5’5”
Weight: 50 kg

CONTACT INFORMATION
Phone Number : 09173329185
Email Addres: [email protected]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary Education:
Name of School: Manuel S. Enverga Institute Foundation Inc.
Address of School: Brgy. Poblacion San Antonio. Quezon
School Year: 2019 - 2023

Elementary Education
Name of School: Pury Elementry School
Address of School: Brgy. Pury San Antonio, Quezon
School Year: 2017 - 2019

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Name: Jossel M. Magtibay

Address: Brgy. Tangob Padre Garcia
Contact Number: 09455517865

Name: Gerome L. Amador

Address: Manuel Del Valle St. San Antonio
Contact Number: 09454533046

Name: Blessery L. Bautista

Address: Brgy. Lalig, Tiaong, Quezon
Contact Number: 09105859480
 Document Code: MSEIFI, San Antonio, Quezon
MANUEL S. ENVERGA
Document Title: JHS Research Final Report
INSTITURE FOUNDATION, INC. Page No.: Page 80 of 81
San Antonio, Quezon Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date:
Prepared by:
QUALITY FORM Reviewed by:
Approved by:

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Full Name: John Reyver Gardiola Vergara

Age: 16
Date of Birth: June 29, 2006
Place of Birth: Poblacion San Antonio, Quezon
Sex: Male
Nationality: Filipino
Marital Status: Single
Height: 5’6”
Weight: 40 kg

CONTACT INFORMATION

Phone Number: 09127400975

Email Addres: [email protected]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary Education:
Name of School: Manuel S. Enverga Institute Foundation Inc.
Address of School: Brgy. Poblacion San Antonio. Quezon
School Year: 2019 - 2023

Elementary Education
Name of School: Saint Vincent Liem Dela Paz Preparatory School
Address of School: Brgy. Sampaguita San Antonio, Quezon
School Year: 2011 - 2019

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Name: Jossel M. Magtibay

Address: Brgy. Tangob Padre Garcia
Contact Number: 09455517865

Name: Gerome L. Amador

Address: Manuel Del Valle St. San Antonio
Contact Number: 09454533046

Name: Blessery L. Bautista

Address: Brgy. Lalig, Tiaong, Quezon
09105859480
 Document Code: MSEIFI, San Antonio, Quezon
MANUEL S. ENVERGA
Document Title: JHS Research Final Report
INSTITURE FOUNDATION, INC. Page No.: Page 81 of 81
San Antonio, Quezon Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date:
Prepared by:
QUALITY FORM Reviewed by:
Approved by:

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Full Name: Jozel Ann Torres Tapire

Age: 16
Date of Birth: November 25, 2006
Place of Birth: Briones San Antonio, Quezon
Sex: female
Nationality: Filipino
Marital Status: Single
Height: 5’2”
Weight: 68 kg

CONTACT INFORMATION

Phone Number: 09517144134

Email Address: [email protected]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary Education:
Name of School: Manuel S. Enverga Institute Foundation Inc.
Address of School: Brgy. Poblacion San Antonio. Quezon
School Year: 2019 - 2023

Elementary Education
Name of School: Briones Elementry School
Address of School: Brgy. Briones San Antonio
School Year: 2012 - 2019

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Name: Jossel M. Magtibay

Address: Brgy. Tangob Padre Garcia
Contact Number: 09455517865

Name: Gerome L. Amador

Address: Manuel Del Valle St. San Antonio
Contact Number: 09454533046

Name: Mecca Ella Delos Santos

Address: Brgy. Castillo, Padre Garcia, Batangas
Contact Number: 092611665