Chapter 01 Introduction - Version1
Chapter 01 Introduction - Version1
MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
1) According to Plato, reasoning first appears during
1) __c____
A) early childhood.
B) middle childhood.
C) adolescence.
D) young adulthood.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
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2) __b____
A) science.
B) music.
C) art.
D) mathematics.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
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Version 1 1
3) Plato thought that adolescents should study
3) _a_____
A) science.
B) language.
C) music.
D) history.
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null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
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4) Which ability did Aristotle argue is the most important aspect of adolescence?
4) _d_____
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Version 1 2
5) What did Aristotle see as the hallmark of maturity?
5) ____a__
A) self-determination
B) empathy
C) self-efficacy
D) critical thinking
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
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6) ____c__
A) 6- to 8-year-old children.
B) 8- to 11-year-old children.
C) 12- to 15-year-old children.
D) 17- to 19-year-old children.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
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7) Ms. Bowen encourages her students, ages 12-15, to engage their curiosity in their
learning. This teacher's ideas most closely resemble those of
Version 1 3
7) __d____
A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Aristotle.
C) Hall.
D) Rousseau.
Question Details
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
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8) __d____
A) cultural
B) psychological
C) social
D) biological
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
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9) ____c__
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A) Jean Rousseau.
B) Alfred Adler.
C) G. Stanley Hall.
D) Margaret Mead.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
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10) The "storm and stress" view of adolescence sees adolescence as a time of
10) ____d__
A) turbulence.
B) conflict.
C) mood swings.
D) All of these choices are correct.
Question Details
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
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11) Mary tells her husband that she is not looking forward to the time their son becomes an
adolescent, because she has read that it is a time of great conflict and stress for the family. Which
of the following theorists would agree with Mary's view of adolescence?
11) __d____
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A) Carl Jung
B) Carol Gilligan
C) Anna Freud
D) G. Stanley Hall
Question Details
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
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12) Anthropologist Margaret Mead concluded that the basic nature of adolescence is
12) _c_____
A) biological.
B) psychological.
C) sociocultural.
D) cognitive.
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null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
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13) Mead believed that cultures in which adolescents' experiences are quite different from
adults' experiences produce adolescents who
13) ____a__
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A) experience more stress.
B) experience less stress.
C) develop empathy at early ages.
D) develop empathy later in life.
Question Details
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
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14) Every state had developed special laws for youth between the ages of 16 and 18-20 by
which year?
14) __d____
A) 1920
B) 1930
C) 1940
D) 1950
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
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15) Which of the following historical events changed both the description and the study of
adolescents?
15) ___b___
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A) the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s
B) the feminist movement of the 1970s
C) the anti-war protests of the 1960s
D) the Great Depression of the 1930s
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Difficult
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16) Millennials are more ________ than their counterparts of previous generations.
16) ___d___
A) diverse
B) tolerant
C) open-minded
D) All of these choices are correct
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
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17) Which of the following statements regarding Laurence Steinberg’s position on the state
of adolescent well-being in today’s generation is NOT TRUE?
17) __c____
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A) The academic achievement in math and science among U.S. teens falls well below
the academic achievement of teens in many other countries.
B) Almost one-third of today’s teenage girls become pregnant by the age of 20.
C) Rates of first sexual intercourse prior to age 18 has risen dramatically over the past
several years.
D) College graduation rates among U.S. college students falls below the college
graduation rates among college students in other countries.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
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18) ___a___
Question Details
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
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19) Howard is a manager of a fast-food restaurant that employs many adolescents. Howard
tells his wife, "They are all self-centered mopes who have no work ethic!" Howard's statement
about adolescents is
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19) ___c___
A) a prototype.
B) an exaggeration.
C) a stereotype.
D) a sign that he needs counseling.
Question Details
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
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20) ___b___
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
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21) Daniel Offer and his colleagues discovered that most adolescents have
21) ____c__
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A) a negative self-image.
B) negative attitudes towards their schools.
C) a positive self-image.
D) an ambiguous self-image.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 3.2 Build and enhance interpersonal relationships
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22) Julie, age 15, has dyed her hair purple and will only wear black jeans and white tops.
Julie's parents should know that, according to adolescent psychologists
22) _c_____
Question Details
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 3.2 Build and enhance interpersonal relationships
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23) Which of the following factors influence the developmental trajectory of every
adolescent?
23) _d_____
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A) socioeconomic
B) ethnic
C) lifestyle
D) All of these choices are correct
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
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24) __d____
A) arenas.
B) compounds.
C) cohorts.
D) context.
Question Details
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null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
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25) ____b__
A) non-Latino Whites.
B) Asian Americans.
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C) Latinos.
D) African Americans.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
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26) Sherry's community college has partnerships with the local hospital, the library, and the
Boys' and Girls' Club to encourage students to engage in cooperative learning experiences and
build strong community relationships. This is an example of what Peter Benson and his
colleagues would call a
26) _____a_
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty : Difficult
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
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27) Research has shown that children living in poverty have elevated levels of
27) __b____
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A) blood glucose.
B) stress.
C) anger.
D) growth hormones.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
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28) Which of the following statements about adolescent health and well-being is TRUE?
28) ___d___
Question Details
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
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29) ___b___
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A) In many countries, males have less freedom than females to engage in leisure
activities.
B) Except in a few areas, males have greater access to educational opportunities than
females.
C) Gender differences are similar in all countries.
D) In some parts of the world, control over adolescent girls’ sexual relationships is
increasing.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
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30) Which of the following is NOT a trend related to families around the world?
30) ___a___
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty : Difficult
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
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31) ___d___
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A) Peers figure prominently in the lives of adolescents in most Western nations.
B) Peers can serve as surrogate families for some street youth.
C) Peers have a limited role for girls in Arab cultures.
D) All of these choices are correct.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 3.2 Build and enhance interpersonal relationships
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
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32) Development
32) __d____
A) involves growth.
B) is complex.
C) continues through the lifespan.
D) All of these choices are correct.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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33) ___d___
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A) advances in motor skills
B) development of the brain
C) weight gains
D) changes in personality
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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34) Which process of human development includes the hormonal changes of puberty?
34) ___c___
A) socioemotional
B) cognitive
C) biological
D) psychological
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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35) Which of the following is associated with the developmental period of early childhood?
35) __b____
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A) beginning of symbolic thought
B) school readiness
C) extreme dependence on adults
D) beginning of sensorimotor skills
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Difficult
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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36) The developmental period of childhood includes all of the following periods EXCEPT
36) ____b__
A) prenatal.
B) perinatal.
C) infancy.
D) early childhood.
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Difficulty : Basic
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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37) ___d___
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A) refining sensorimotor coordination.
B) development of an understanding of one's culture.
C) mastery of language skills.
D) preparation for adulthood.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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38) In the United States and most other cultures, adolescence begins at approximately _____
years of age.
38) ____c__
A) 9-12
B) 11-14
C) 10-13
D) 12-15
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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39) Alex has begun dating and he is interested in taking a course called "Career Exploration"
that will help him decide on a future career. Alex is probably in which period?
39) __b____
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A) early adolescence
B) late adolescence
C) late childhood
D) early adulthood
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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40) The developmental period when people are interested in transmitting their values to the
next generation is
40) ___b___
A) emerging adulthood.
B) middle adulthood.
C) late adulthood.
D) early adulthood.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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41) Paul spends much of his time working in his garden and reading books on photography.
He doesn't have as much strength as he used to have, but he is enjoying his time of decreased
responsibility. Developmental psychologists would say that Paul is probably in
41) __c____
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A) emerging old age.
B) middle adulthood.
C) late adulthood.
D) terminal adulthood.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty : Difficult
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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42) The transition from childhood to adolescence includes all of the following EXCEPT
42) __c____
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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43) __d____
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A) pre-adulthood.
B) post-adolescence.
C) transitional adulthood.
D) emerging adulthood.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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44) According to Jeffrey Arnett, emerging adulthood is characterized by five key factors.
Which of the following is NOT one of these features?
44) _a_____
A) stability
B) identity exploration
C) feeling in-between
D) self-focused
Question Details
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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45) Jeffrey Arnett saw emerging adulthood as a time when many individuals are
45) c______
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B) absorbed in social obligations and family duties.
C) optimistic about their futures.
D) fairly stable in love and career.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty : Difficult
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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46) In the United States the most widely recognized marker for entry into adulthood is
46) __c____
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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47) The ability to adapt positively and achieve successful outcomes despite significant risks
and adverse consequences is
47) ___b___
A) hardiness.
B) resilience.
C) self-efficacy.
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D) propriate striving.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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48) Ann Masten and her colleagues found that emerging adults who overcame adversity and
went on to become competent adults had all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
48) __a____
Question Details
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
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49) Which of the following events may be seen as a turning-point opportunity for changing
the life course during emerging adulthood?
49) ___d___
A) marriage
B) work opportunities
C) higher education
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D) All of these choices are correct
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Difficulty : Difficult
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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50) Dr. Jackson argues that human beings have basic growth tendencies genetically wired
into them. Dr. Albright believes that humans are basically shaped by their environments. Dr.
Jackson supports the _____ approach to development, while Dr. Albright advocates for the
_____ approach.
50) __b____
A) nurture; nature
B) nature; nurture
C) continuity; discontinuity
D) cognitive; biological
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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51) Which of the following would a proponent of the nature approach to human development
cite as evidence of the strength of genetics?
51) ___a___
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C) the fact that development is shaped by the media
D) the fact that access to medical care affects development
Question Details
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Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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52) __b____
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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53) ___a___
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Question Details
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null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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54) Carrie was abused by her parents. She was eventually removed from their care and was
later adopted at age 6 by her foster parents. Which of the following doctrines would assert that
Carrie's later quality of parental care can overcome her earlier negative experience?
54) _b_____
A) early-experience
B) later-experience
C) middle-experience
D) positive-experience
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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55) ____d__
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Question Details
Difficulty : Basic
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
null : APA: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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56) An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomenon and to make
predictions is called
56) ___c___
A) a hypothesis.
B) an operational definition.
C) a theory.
D) an independent variable.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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57) ___b___
A) theories.
B) hypotheses.
C) independent variables.
D) extraneous variables.
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Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
null : APA: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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58) __d____
A) Carl Jung.
B) Erik Erikson.
C) Karen Horney.
D) Sigmund Freud.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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59) Psychoanalytic theories emphasize that development is all of the following EXCEPT
59) __a____
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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60) ____d__
A) phallic
B) genital
C) oral
D) moral
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Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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61) __b____
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Question Details
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null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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62) ____c__
A) ego.
B) id.
C) superego.
D) self.
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null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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63) According to Freud, _____ is the most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism.
63) ____d__
A) reaction formation
B) denial
C) regression
D) repression
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null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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64) __b____
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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65) _____a_
A) psychosocial
B) psychosexual
C) psychodynamic
D) psychometric
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null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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66) Denise argues that early experiences are more important; Barbara believes that both early
and later experiences are important. Denise's view is consistent with _____, while Barbara's view
would be supported by _____.
66) __c____
A) Skinner; Erikson
B) Erikson; Freud
C) Freud; Erikson
D) Erikson; Skinner
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Difficult
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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67) Erikson's _____ psychosocial stage is experienced in the first year of life.
67) ___d___
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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68) Harper, age 19 months, has just begun to assert her independence. Harper is probably in
Erikson's psychosocial stage of
68) __c____
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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69) __d____
A) mistrust.
B) shame.
C) doubt.
D) inferiority.
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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70) __b____
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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71) According to Erikson, the core developmental task of early adulthood is to develop
71) __a____
A) intimacy.
B) integrity.
C) identity.
D) initiative.
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
72) Edith, age 57, believes that she has done little to help nurture the next generation.
According to Erikson, Edith has experienced _____ associated with the seventh stage of
psychosocial development.
72) ___d___
A) inferiority
B) role confusion
C) selfishness
D) stagnation
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
73) ____c__
A) behaviors.
B) emotions.
C) conscious thoughts.
D) None of these choices are correct.
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
74) For Piaget, the two processes that underlie cognitive construction of the world are
74) _____c_
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
75) Which of the following statements about Piaget's theory is NOT true?
75) ___a___
A) Piaget believed that people go through six stages in understanding the world.
B) Piaget believed that people go through four stages in understanding the world.
C) Each of Piaget's stages is age related.
D) Each of Piaget's stages represents a different way of understanding the world.
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
76) __b____
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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77) Which of the following statements about Piaget's concrete operational stage is TRUE?
77) ___c___
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
78) Jenn has just begun to think abstractly and develop images of ideal circumstances.
According to Piaget, Jenn is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.
78) _c_____
A) sensorimotor
B) concrete operational
C) formal operational
D) post-formal operational
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
79) ___d___
A) culture
B) social interaction
C) learning to use the inventions of society
D) All of these choices are correct
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
80) ___d___
A) encoding information
B) storing information
C) retrieving information
D) All of these choices are correct
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
81) ___a___
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
82) Which of the following statements describing Skinner's theory of operant conditioning is
NOT true?
82) _c_____
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
83) ____a__
A) Albert Bandura.
B) Walter Mischel.
C) George Kelly.
D) John Watson.
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
84) Craig sees his father help an elderly man who seems to have become confused and lost
his way. Several days later, Craig notices a woman looking in the shrubs for her lost wallet.
Craig tries to help her look for her wallet. Bandura would say that Craig's behavior was learned
through
84) ____a__
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
85) Bandura's model of learning and development includes the elements of behavior,
person/cognition, and the
85) ___b___
A) unconscious mind.
B) environment.
C) rewards available.
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D) All of these choices are correct.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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86) Bronfenbrenner developed ______, a perspective that has important implications for
understanding adolescent development.
86) ___a___
A) ecological theory
B) environmental theory
C) socioeconomic theory
D) existential theory
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
87) ____c__
A) mesosystem
B) microsystem
C) chronosystem
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D) exosystem
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
88) Which of the following of Bronfenbrenner's systems considers the culture in which
adolescents live?
88) ___d___
A) chronosystem
B) microsystem
C) exosystem
D) macrosystem
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
89) Harry fights constantly with his parents. Bronfenbrenner would predict that Harry might
have difficulty relating to his teacher because of a disruption in his
89) __a____
A) mesosystem.
B) exosystem.
C) chronosystem.
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D) macrosystem.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Difficulty : Difficult
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
90) An approach to understanding adolescent development that selects from each theory
whatever is considered its best features is called
90) __c____
A) a hybrid theory.
B) a patchwork theory.
C) an eclectic theory.
D) a blended theory.
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
91) ___d___
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Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
92) __a____
A) laboratory.
B) virtual world.
C) theoretical world.
D) None of these choices are correct.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
93) ____d__
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Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty : Difficult
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
94) Lilly is a researcher who wants to know how often high-school students are using their
cell phones to cheat on tests. Lilly pretends to be a visiting student. She sits in on classes and
observes students as they take tests. Lilly's method of research is known as
94) ___b___
A) in situ research.
B) naturalistic observation.
C) covert research.
D) in vivo research.
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
95) Which of the following statements about using surveys to collect data is TRUE?
95) __a____
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Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
96) ___c___
A) a projective test.
B) a case study.
C) a standardized test.
D) a subjective test.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
97) ___b___
A) They assume that people will perform differently depending on the setting of the test.
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Question Details
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
98) Measuring the levels of hormones in an adolescent's blood stream is an example of which
type of measure of adolescent development?
98) ___c___
A) psychological
B) experience sampling
C) physiological
D) concrete
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
99) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) uses _____ to construct an image of the _____.
99) ____b__
A) x-rays; brain
B) radio waves; brain
C) radioactive glucose; brain
D) electrical activity levels; heart
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Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Difficult
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
100) Corey is participating in research. She is given an electronic pager, and a researcher
"beeps" her several times a day to ask her what she is doing. The researcher is using which of the
following methods?
100) ___c___
A) random sampling
B) experimental design
C) experience sampling
D) correlational research
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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101) A research method in which a single individual is examined in depth is called the
101) __b____
A) single-subject design.
B) case-study method.
C) observational design.
D) descriptive method.
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Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
102) The three main types of research designs are descriptive, correlational, and
102) ___c___
A) observational.
B) covert.
C) experimental.
D) overt.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
103) Dr. Tremble sends out surveys to faculty at 57 randomly selected colleges to assess their
perceptions of faculty harassment. This is an example of _____ research.
103) ___b___
A) correlational
B) descriptive
C) experimental
D) observational
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Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
104) Which of the following statements regarding correlational research is NOT true?
104) __a____
Question Details
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
105) Professor Sands studies the relationship between the number of minutes that an
adolescent spends text messaging each semester and his/her grades in school. She found a
correlation of +.60. What can we conclude from this report?
105) __c____
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D) The more an adolescent text messages, the higher his or her grades.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty : Difficult
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
106) Three doctoral students are using correlational research designs for their dissertation
research. When all of the work is done, Marilyn's data yielded a correlation coefficient of -.45,
Susan's data was at +.30 and Bryan's data a -.50. Which student's data shows the strongest
correlation between variables?
106) __a____
A) Bryan
B) Susan
C) Marilyn
D) All students showed very similar results.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty : Difficult
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
107) Which of the following correlation coefficients shows the weakest correlation?
107) ____a__
A) -.10
B) +.15
C) +.70
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D) -.80
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
108) ____a__
A) independent variable.
B) dependent variable.
C) extraneous variable.
D) None of these choices are correct.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
109) The variable that is measured and that is expected to change as a result of experimental
research is the
109) __b____
A) independent variable.
B) dependent variable.
C) extraneous variable.
D) experimental variable.
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Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
110) Which of the following statements about experimental research is NOT true?
110) ___c___
A) All experiments involve at least one independent variable and one dependent
variable.
B) Experiments demonstrate cause and effect.
C) Experimental design uses experimental groups only.
D) Experimental design uses experimental and control groups.
Question Details
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
111) ___a___
A) random assignment.
B) lottery assignment.
C) nonrandom assignment.
D) convenience assignment.
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Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
112) The type of research that involves studying people all at the same time is known as
112) __d____
A) single-subject research.
B) longitudinal research.
C) sequential research.
D) cross-sectional research.
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
113) __c____
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Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
114) Professor Kelly is interested in seeing how adolescents' prosocial behavior changes over
time. He assesses a group of adolescents at ages 12, 15, and 18. Professor Kelly is doing _____
research.
114) _b_____
A) sequential
B) longitudinal
C) cross-sectional
D) experimental
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
115) __d____
A) it is expensive to conduct.
B) it is time-consuming to conduct.
C) participants who remain in the study may be dissimilar to those who dropped out.
D) All of these choices are correct.
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Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
116) Which of the following is NOT one of the APA's guidelines for ethical research?
116) _a_____
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
117) Melissa has agreed to participate in a 90-day study of food preferences among
adolescents. After participating for two weeks, Melissa wants to withdraw from the study
because it is taking too much of her time. According to the APA guidelines
117) __b____
A) Melissa has to give the researchers a two-week notice before she can withdraw.
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Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
118) __d____
A) Gender bias is a preconceived idea about the abilities of females and males that
prevents them from reaching their full potential.
B) When gender differences are found, they sometimes are unduly magnified.
C) Gender bias happens when conclusions are drawn about females from research
conducted with only males.
D) All of these choices are correct.
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.
119) Using an ethnic label such as Asian or Latino in a way that portrays an ethnic group as
being more homogenous than it is, is known as
119) ___b___
A) ethnic stereotyping.
B) ethnic gloss.
C) ethnic shine.
D) ethnic categorization.
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Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
120) Compare and contrast G. Stanley Hall's "storm and stress" view of adolescence with the
inventionist view.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
121) What were the underlying themes of the 1960s and 1970s?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
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Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
123) Compare and contrast psychologists' early views of adolescents with views common
now.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Learning Goal : Describe historical perspectives on adolescence.
Difficulty : Moderate
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
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124) Describe how the cultural contexts of the United States are changing, especially with
respect to immigration patterns and the projections for future demographics.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
125) List and describe at least four cultural variations of adolescence around the world.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
126) Discuss major trends in health and well-being for adolescents around the world. Include
both positive and negative changes.
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______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
127) Discuss gender differences in the experiences of male and female adolescents, with
respect to education, leisure activities, sexual experiences, family, and peers.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty : Difficult
null : APA: 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and global levels
Learning Goal : Discuss the experiences of adolescents in the United States and around the world.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
128) List and briefly define the three determinants of human development.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
129) Explain what modern theorists mean when they say, "Development is a lifelong process."
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Basic
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
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Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
131) Beth is 22 years old. What developmental transition period is Beth in, and what are the
two main characterizations of this period?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Basic
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
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133) What are some of the factors that make it difficult to determine when an individual
becomes an adult?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
134) List and briefly describe the three types of assets that Jacquelynne Eccles and her
colleagues determined are especially important for making a competent transition through
adolescence and emerging adulthood.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
135) List and define the three major issues in studying adolescent development.
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______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Difficult
Learning Goal : Summarize the developmental processes, periods, transitions, and issues related to ad
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
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null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
null : APA: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
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Question Details
null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
138) Describe Piaget's formal operational stage of cognitive development. Be sure to address
ages and major changes in thinking.
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null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
139) What are the main ideas behind Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development?
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null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
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Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
140) What is the main idea behind Skinner's theory of operant conditioning?
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null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
141) List the three key factors in development, according to social cognitive theory.
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null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Basic
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
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142) List and describe the five environmental systems in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory.
Explain how the systems relate to each other.
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null : APA: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Difficulty : Difficult
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
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Difficulty : Moderate
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
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Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
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Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
null : APA: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
146) List and briefly describe the four APA guidelines that must be followed in the conduction
of ethical research.
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Question Details
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty : Moderate
Learning Goal : Characterize the science of adolescent development.
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
null : APA: 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes
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Answer Key
1) C
2) B
3) A
4) D
5) A
6) C
7) D
8) D
9) C
10) D
11) D
12) C
13) A
14) D
15) B
16) D
17) C
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18) A
19) C
20) B
21) C
22) C
23) D
24) D
25) B
26) A
27) B
28) D
29) B
30) A
31) D
32) D
33) D
34) C
35) B
36) B
37) D
38) C
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39) B
40) B
41) C
42) C
43) D
44) A
45) C
46) C
47) B
48) A
49) D
50) B
51) A
52) B
53) A
54) B
55) D
56) C
57) B
58) D
59) A
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60) D
61) B
62) C
63) D
64) B
65) A
66) C
67) D
68) C
69) D
70) B
71) A
72) D
73) C
74) C
75) A
76) B
77) C
78) C
79) D
80) D
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81) A
82) C
83) A
84) A
85) B
86) A
87) C
88) D
89) A
90) C
91) D
92) A
93) D
94) B
95) A
96) C
97) B
98) C
99) B
100) C
101) B
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102) C
103) B
104) A
105) C
106) A
107) A
108) A
109) B
110) C
111) A
112) D
113) C
114) B
115) D
116) A
117) B
118) D
119) B
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120) Hall's concept was that adolescence was a turbulent time, charged
with conflict and mood swings. He saw these changes in thought,
feeling, and actions as happening quite frequently and as normative. He
believed that adolescence has a biological base. The inventionist view
saw adolescence as less of a biological event than a sociohistorical
creation. Inventionists stress that sociohistorical circumstances, such as a
decline in apprenticeship, increased mechanization of the Industrial
Revolution, age-graded schools, urbanization, appearance of youth
groups such as the YMCA and the Boy Scouts are affecting adolescents.
The three key dimensions for the inventionist view of adolescence are
schools, work, and economics.
121) There were three major themes in the United States during the
1960s and the 1970s. These were the anti-discrimination protests, the
anti-war protests, and the feminist movement. One major theme of
thisperiod was that political protests reached their peak when millions of
adolescents reacted to what they saw asthe United States’ immoral part
in the Vietnam War. Ethnic conflicts became pervasive as African-
Americanadolescents were denied a college education, and the
secondary education that they did receive was seen asinferior. College
students participated in riots and sit-ins even as they pursued higher
education in highernumbers. Finally, the feminist movement of the
1970s changed both the description and the study ofadolescence.
122) "They are all lazy." "All they think about is sex." "They are all
into drugs." "Kids today don't have themoral fiber of my generation."
"They don't want to work." "They are rebellious." Any positive
youthaccomplishment is seen as an exception.
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123) For much of the last century in the United States and other
Western cultures, adolescence was perceived as aproblematic period of
the human life span. The discipline of psychology, likewise, viewed
adolescentsnegatively. Psychology today focuses more on the positive
side of human experiences and places greateremphasis on hope,
optimism, creativity, and positive individual and group traits.
124) The cultural context for U.S. adolescents is changing with the
dramatic increase in the number of adolescents immigrating from Latino
and Asian countries. Asian Americans are expected to be the fastest-
growing ethnic group of adolescents, with a growth rate of more than
500 percent by 2100. Numbers of Latino adolescents are projected to
increase almost 400 percent by 2100. By 2100, Latino adolescents are
expected to out number non-Latino White adolescents.
125) Two-thirds of Asian Indian adolescents accept their parents'
choice of a marital partner for them. Many female adolescents in the
Philippines will sacrifice their own futures by migrating to the city in
order to send money to their families. Street youth in Kenya may engage
in delinquency or prostitution to survive. In the Middle East, many
adolescents are not allowed to interact with the other sex, even in school.
Youth in Russia are marrying earlier to legitimize sexual activity.
126) Adolescent health and well-being have improved in some areas
but not in others. On the positive side, fewer adolescents around the
world die from infectious diseases and malnutrition than in the past.
However, adolescents continue to engage in a number of health-
compromising behaviors, such as illicit drug use and unprotected sex, at
levels that place adolescents at risk for serious developmental problems.
Extensive increases in the rates of HIV in adolescents have occurred in
many sub-Saharan countries.
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127) Except in a few areas, males have more educational opportunities
than females. In some countries adolescents do not have access to
secondary schools and higher education. Many schools do not provide
students with the skills that they need to be successful in adult work.
Adolescent females have less freedom to pursue leisure activities than
males, and gender differences in sexual expression are widespread. This
is especially true for adolescent females living in India, Southeast Asia,
Latin America, and Arab countries.
Family life for adolescents can be very different, depending on the
culture and country. For example, adolescents who grow up in Arab
countries adhere to a strict code of conduct and loyalty. Adolescents
who grow up in the United States and other Western countries may
experience divorce and stepfamilies; parenting is less authoritarian than
in the past. Other family trends include greater family mobility,
migration to cities, smaller families, fewer extended families, and
increases in mothers' employment.
Some cultures give peers a stronger role in adolescence than others.
While peers figure prominently in the lives of adolescents in Western
countries, in Arab countries peers have a very restrictive role, especially
for girls.
128) The three determinants of human development are biological
processes, cognitive processes, and socioemotional processes.
Biological processes involve physical changes in an individual's body.
Cognitive changes involve changes in an individual's thinking and
intelligence. Socioemotional processes involve changes in an
individual's emotions, personality, relationships with others, and social
contexts.
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129) Today developmentalists do not believe that change ends with
adolescence. Adolescence is part of the life course and is not an isolated
period of development. Although it has some unique characteristics,
what takes place in adolescence is connected with development and
experiences in both childhood and adulthood.
130) The three periods of adult development are early adulthood,
middle adulthood, and late adulthood. Early adulthood begins in the late
teens or early twenties and lasts through the thirties. Middle adulthood
begins at approximately 35-45 years of age and ends at some point
between 55 and 65 years of age. Late adulthood is the period that
extends from 60 or 70 years of age until death.
131) Beth is in the developmental period of emerging adulthood.The
two main characterizations of this period are experimentation and
exploration.
132) The five key features that characterize emerging adulthood are
identity exploration, especially in love and work; instability; self-
focused; feeling in-between; and the age of possibilities, a time when
individuals have an opportunity to transform their lives.
133) Determining when an individual becomes an adult is difficult. In
the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into
adulthood is holding a permanent, full-time job. Economic independence
is one marker for adult status but achieving it is often a long process.
Taking responsibility for oneself, deciding on one's own beliefs and
values, and establishing a relationship with parents as equal adults are all
markers of adult status.
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134) The three types of assets that Eccles and colleagues determined
are necessary for the successful transition through adolescence and
emerging adulthood are: intellectual development, psychological and
emotional development, and social development. Intellectual
development includes such things as knowledge of essential life and
vocational skills, critical thinking and reasoning skills, cultural
knowledge, and school success.Psychological and emotional
development encompasses such things as good mental health, good
emotional self-regulation and conflict resolution skills, mastery
motivation, personal autonomy, personal and social identity, and strong
moral character. Social development is related to connectedness, sense
of social place, attachment to prosocial institutions, and commitment to
civic engagement.
135) The three important issues raised in the study of adolescent
development are nature and nurture, continuity and discontinuity, and
early and later experiences. The nature-nurture issue involves the debate
about whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture.
Nature refers to an organism's biological inheritance, nurture to its
environmental experiences. The continuity-discontinuity issues focuson
the extent to which development involves gradual, cumulative changes
(continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity). The last issue focuses on
the importance of earlier experiences in the child's life, and whether or
not later experiences can make up for deficits or poor early experiences.
Proponents of the early-experience doctrine believe that development
will never be optimal if infants are not given warm, nurturing care in the
first year of life. Proponents of the later-experience view argue that
children and adolescents are malleable throughout development, and
thatlater sensitive care giving is just as important as earlier sensitive care
giving.
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136) The four steps in the scientific method are:
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140) B.F. Skinner believed that, through operant conditioning, the
consequences of a behavior produce changes in the probability of that
behavior's occurrence. He emphasized that a behavior followed by a
rewarding stimulus is more likely to recur, whereas a behavior followed
by a punishing stimulus is less likely to recur. In Skinner's view, rewards
and punishments that followa behavior shape development. The key
aspect of development for Skinner is behavior, not thoughtsand feelings.
141) Social cognitive theory holds that behavior, environment, and
person/cognition are key factors in development.
142) Bronfenbrenner holds that development reflects the influence of
five environmental systems: microsystem; mesosystem; exosystem;
macrosystem; and chronosystem. The microsystem is the setting in
which a person lives. For adolescents the microsystem is made up of
family, peers, school, and neighborhood. The mesosystem involves
relations between microsystems. The exosystem consists of links
between a social setting in which a person does not have an active role
and the individual's immediate context. For example, things that happen
at a mother's or a father's workplace may have an indirect effect on the
adolescent. The macrosystem involves the cultures in which adolescents
live.
Finally, the chronosystem consists of the patterning of environmental
events and transitions over the life course, as well as sociohistorical
circumstances. Each of these systems may overlap one another.
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143) Laboratory observation takes place in a controlled situation, with
factors of the "real world" removed. A drawback to this approach is that
it is almost impossible to conduct this research without the participants
knowing that they are being observed. Because a laboratory setting is
unnatural, people may behave differently than they would in another
context. Naturalistic observation, on the other hand, means observing
behavior in real-world settings, making no effort to manipulate or
control the situation.
144) One advantage of case study research is that it allows the
researcher to take an in-depth look at a single individual. A disadvantage
is that one cannot generalize the findings from the study of one person to
a larger population. The subject of the case study is unique, and other
people, even those with the same condition, disorder, or factor of
interest, may be very different. In addition, case studies involve
judgment of unknown reliability.
145) In correlational research, the goal is to describe the strength of the
relationship between two or more events or characteristics. The more
strongly the two events are related or associated, the more effectively we
can predict one event from the other. Correlation does not equal
causation. If we want to know if one event causes another, we must look
to the experimental design for answers. An experiment is a carefully
regulated procedure in which one or more factors believed to influence
the behavior being studied are manipulated, while all other factors are
held constant.
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146) 1. Informed Consent: participants must know what the research
will involve and what risks might develop.
2. Confidentiality: Researchers are responsible for keeping all data
confidential and, when possible, anonymous.
3. Debriefing: After the study has been completed, participants should
be informed of its purpose and the methods that were used.
4. Deception: In all cases of deception the researcher must ensure that
deception will not harm the participants.
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