Project Phase I Report

On

“ Analysis of Delay in Construction ”

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Master's Degree in Civil Engineering

Submitted by

Vasudha Jadhav (Exam Seat No.)

Guided by
Prof.Vinayak Kale

P. G. Civil (Construction & Management)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Dr. D. Y. PATIL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PIMPRI, PUNE – 411018

Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune

(2023-2024)
 Dr. D.Y.PATIL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PIMPRI, PUNE – 411018
(SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following student has satisfactorily carried out the seminar
work entitled “ ”. This work is being submitted for the award of degree of Master of
Civil Engineering (Construction & Management). It is submitted in the partial
fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus of Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune for
the academic year 2023 – 2024.
Examination Seat No. Name of the Student
Vasudha Ninad Jadhav

Prof.Vinayak Kale
(Guide)

Dr. Shruti Wadalkar Dr. Deepa A. Joshi Dr. Lalit Kumar Wadhwa
(P.G. Coordinator) (H.O.D.) (Principal)

External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I hereby take this opportunity to express my profound thanks and deep sense of
gratitude towards my guide, Prof.Vinayak Kale Associate Professor, Department of
Civil Engineering. He gave me a precious time from his busy schedule & his valuable
guidance has been a constant encouragement.
I would also like to thank Dr. Lalit Kumar Wadhwa , Principal, Dr. Deepa A. Joshi,
Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, and the faculty of the Department of
Civil Engineering, whose constant encouragement and expert guidance was
instrumental in the completion of this seminar work.
Let me, at the end, express gratitude to all those from whom I received co-operation,
help & motivation during seminar work.

Name of student
Vasudha Jadhav
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
SYNOPSIS iv
NOTATIONS vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
LIST OF GRAPHS ix

CONTENTS

S.N. NAME OF THE TOPIC PAGE

NO.
1. INTRODUCTION

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

3. METHODOLOGY AND INVESTIGATIONS

4. CASE STUDY

5. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES (refer ASCE journal for format)

BIBLIOGRAPHY (refer ASCE journal for format)

 NOTATIONS LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Name of the table Pg.

No.

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Name of the figure Pg.

No.
 ABSTRACT

The construction industry is large, volatile, and requires

tremendous capital outlays. Delays occur almost in every
construction project and the significant of these delays
varies considerably from project to project.
In construction, delay could be defined as over run of a
time either beyond completion date specified in a
contract, or beyond the date that the parties agreed upon
for delivery of a project. It is a project slipping over its
planned schedule and is considered as common problem
in construction projects. To the owner, delay means loss
of revenue through lack of production facilities and rent-
able space or a dependence on present facilities
The building industry's struggle with delays is a
worldwide issue. There were seven different types of
classifications. This questionnaire was issued to
associated enterprises, consultants, and contractors for
the purpose of rating the various elements. This data was
used to generate the "Frequency index, Severity index,
and Importance index" of various delay factors.
Delays are one of the biggest problems facing by the
construction industry. The delays in construction projects
have significant financial and social impact to all parties
involved in the projects. Construction delay is a major
problem facing by the construction industry. In most
construction projects, there are delays and their impact
level varies from project to project ranging from a few
days to years. It is generally understood that the
construction delay is the most critical factors affecting to
deliver the project in time, within budget, and expected
quality. It can be found rarely that a project was
completed within the specified time.
 INTRODUCTION
Building delays are a global problem that not only
impacts the construction industry but also the financial
system. The building industry's struggle with delays is a
worldwide issue. Most infrastructure projects face
delays, which can range from minor to major. The length
of time it takes to accomplish a project is referred to as
"delay." Construction delays are common in the civil
engineering field. A construction delay is defined as a
period of time that exceeds the contract deadline or the
parties' agreed-upon completion date for the project.

Delays can be classed as justifiable (further than

contractor's authority) or non-justifiable (within the
contractor's direct authority). Delays can occur due to a
variety of factors:

• Owner related delay

• Consultant related delay
• Contractor related delay
• Material related delay
• Labour related delay
• Project related delay
• External delay factors

Delays are cunning, resulting in inefficiencies, as well as

conflicts and lawsuits. The most prominent delay
analyses are the CPM (critical path method), as well as
planned expanded technique, collapsed technique,
windows technique, bar chart, and other delays
OBJECTIVE
 The primary goal of construction is to finish a
project according to specifications, on schedule, and
within budget, while maximizing the use of all
available resources such as workers, materials,
money, and equipment.

The study's main objectives are as follows:

1. To identify different causes of delay in

construction project.

2. To analyse delay factors with the help of

questionnaire survey.

3. To quantify delay using MS Project by taking a

case study.

Need and Scope

Delay analysis can highlight areas where project management

practices need improvement. This knowledge can lead to better

planning, project control, Cost control, communication, and

collaboration among project stakeholders.

Literature Review
A) Aibinu, A. A. and Jagboro, G. O. ,

“The effects of Construction Delays on Project Delivery in

Nigerian Construction Industry”, International Journal of
Project Management, Elsevier, Vol. 20, pp. 593-599, 2002.
Aibinu and Jagboro (2002) studied the effects of
construction delays on project delivery in Nigerian
construction industry. The six effects of delay that were
identified includes: time overrun, cost overrun, dispute,
arbitration, total abandonment and litigation.The major
effect on construction delay on project execution,
completion cost and time. The main conclusion of this study
was model relating delay and actual project duration provide
a benchmark for future research work and also facilitate
comparison with other countries.This paper studies adopted
a scale 0-4 for ranking exercise.

B) Frimpong Y, Oluwoye J, Crawford L,

“Causes of delay and cost over runs in construction of

groundwater projects in a developing countries; Ghana as a
case study”. International Journal of Project Management;
Vol. 21, pp. 321-326, 2003. Frimpong conducted a survey to
identify and evaluate the relative importance of significant
factors contributing to delay and cost overruns in Ghana
groundwater construction projects. A questionnaire with 26
factors was carefully designed from preliminary
investigations conducted in groundwater drilling projects
between 1970 and 1999 in Ghana. The questionnaire was
directed towards three groups in both public and private
organizations: owners of the groundwater projects,
consulting offices, and contractors working in the
groundwater works. The questionnaire was distributed to a
random sample of 55 owners, 40 contractors and 30
consultants. The result of the study revealed the main causes
of delay and cost overruns in construction of groundwater
projects: monthly payment difficulties from agencies; poor
contractor management; material procurement; poor
technical performance; and escalation of material prices.

C) Koushki.P.A, Al-Rashid.K and Kartam.N.

“Delays and Cost increase in the Construction of Private

Residential Projects in Kuwait”, Journal of Construction
Management and Economics, Vol 23, Issue 3, pp. 285-294,
2005. Regarding cost overrun Koushki (2005) identified
three main causes that were contractor related problems,
materialrelated problems, and owners, financial constraints,
whereas Wiguna and Scott (2005) identified the most critical
factors included as High inflation/increased material price,
Design change by client; defective design, Weather
conditions, Delayed payment on contracts, Defective
construction work.This paper was represents 450
personinterview in survey which include private residential
project in Kuwait. Koushki et al states that minimization of
time delays and cost overruns in private residential projects
would require availability of adequate funds, allocation of
sufficient time and money at the design phase, and selection
of a computer consultant and reliable contractor to carry out
work.

D) MuraliSambasivan, and Yau Wen Soon,

“Causes and Effects of Delay in Malaysian Construction

Industry”, International Journal of Project Management,
Vol. 25, pp. 517-526, 2007. MuraliSambasivan, et al studied
the delay factors and their impact on project completion in
Malaysian construction industry. The study identified ten
most important causes of delay from a list of 28 different
causes. Ten most important causes of delay were
Contractor’s improper planning, Contractor’s poor site
management, Inadequate contractor experience, Inadequate
client’s finance and payments for completed work, Problems
with subcontractors, Shortage in material, Labour supply,
Equipment availability and failure, Lack of communication
between parties,

E) Saleh, H. T., Abdelnaser, O., and Abdul H. P.,

“Causes of delay in construction industry in Libya”.

The International Conference on Administration and
Business, 2009. According to Saleh, Abdelnaser and
Abdul (2009), construction delay is a critical function
in construction project and also one of the biggest
problems construction firms face in Libya.In this study,
the items of contractor’s factors that cause delay and
gave ranking based on the mean value criteria. And in
further analysis they identified the impact of delay in
construction projects i.e. loss of interest by stakeholder,
blacklist by authorities, waste of money and time and
declination of reputation.

F) Mohamad, M. R. (2010). “The factors and effect of

delay in government construction project (case study in
Kuantan)”.

Mohamad M. R. (2010) studies the factors and effects

of delay in government construction project. Research
indicates that, the most important causes of delay from
45 different causes and 5 different effects of delays.
They were cost overrun, rescheduling and
rearrangement, litigation, disputes and arbitration.

G) N.Hamzah, M. A. Khoiry,
Arshad, W. H. W. Badaruzzaman, and N. M. Tawil“
Identification of the causes of construction delay in
Malaysia ”.International journal of civil,
environmental, structural, construction and
architectural engineering , Vol. 6, No. 12, 2012. N.
Hamzahet. al. was identified 34 causes of construction
delay have been determined and 24 have been selected
using rasch model analysis. He was identify causes of
delay in Malaysian construction industries based on
previous research also to illuminate unwanted factors
on the basis of rasch model method.He was concluded
that the improvement of delay factors is not only
limited to technical factors, but also factors from the
project management perspective.Both from the
processes involved and influence of human attitudes,
mentality, skills and behaviour.

H) Desai Megha, Dr. Bhatt Rajiv, Birla

VishwakarmaMahavidyalaya, Gujarat, India. “A

methodology for ranking of causes of delay for
residential construction project in indian
context”.International journal of emerging technology
and advanced engineering. Vol. 3, March 2013. This
paper was identify 59 causes under nine major groups.

Different techniques: Relative importance index and Importance inde

 I) Rahul Kolhe, MilindDarade,

“Detail analysis of delay in construction projects”.

International journal of innovative science, engineering
& technology, Vol. 1, Issue 10, 2014. Mr. Rahul was
conducted interviews on various sites with help of
questionnaire. The questionnaire divided mainly nine
groups are project related delay, owner, contractors,
consultants, design, material, equipment, labour,
external related delays.He was analysed on survey
based that time increases for doing work, increased
with cost of project. Cost overrun and time overrun are
the two most frequent

CONSTRUCTION DELAYS

In construction, delay could be defined as the time overrun either

beyond completion date specified in a contract, or beyond the date
that the parties agreed upon for delivery of a project. It is a project
slipping over its planned schedule and is considered as common
problem in construction projects. To the owner, delay means loss of
revenue through lack of production facilities and rent-able space or a
dependence on present facilities.

TYPES OF DELAYS:

1. Critical or Non Critical.

2. Excusable or Non Excusable,
3. Compensable or Non Compensable
4. Concurrent or Non Concurrent. 3.1.1 Critical Delays (or non-
Critical Delays)

A Critical schedule delay is one that impacts the project’s delivery

date. If a delay has no effect to activities on the project’s Critical
Path, then the delay may not warrant too much attention, unless of
course there is some substantial money involved.

Excusable / Non-Excusable Schedule Delays Excusable delays are

caused by conditions that are reasonably unforeseen and not within
the contractor’s / owner’s control. Examples of this kind of delay
include: Labor strikes, Fires, floods, eart
hquakes and most natural disaster, Changes initiated by the owner

Non-excusable delays are a result of a delay that was within control

of the Owner/Contractor. The Owner/Contractor is fully responsible
for the activity delays.
Examples of nonexcusable delays include: Delayed mobilization,
Delayed submission of submittals, Overall late performance and
execution, Late performance of subcontractors

Compensable Delays
A compensable delay is one where there’s going to be some
compensation involved for the delay to the project. That means that
the owner or contractor is liable for a extension of time or cost
compensation or both. The cost compensation is to account for
damages or extra costs associated with the delay.
Concurrent Delays
There are many moving parts between an owner and a contractor
(and subs or suppliers) on a construction project and, at times, a
concurrent delay can occur. This type of schedule delay happens
when 2 or more parties are at fault. The complexity here lies in
determining to what extent each party contributed to the delay.

CAUSES OF DELAYS

● Client Related Factors: Finance and payments of completed

works, Delay in deliver of the site to the contractor, Frequent
change of design as per clients requirements, Poor
communication and coordination
● Contractor Related Factors: Financial instability and
management of the contractor, Improper planning and
scheduling of the project(using CPM &PERT), Changing of
subcontractors again and again, Improper construction
methods and poor site management, Disputes between the
main contractors and sub contractors

● Consultants Related Factors: Late in reviewing and approval

of the design documents, Inadequate experience of the
consultants
● Materials Related factors: Shortage in the construction
materials, Changes in the construction materials types, Late
 delivery of materials on the site, Inferior quality of material
production
● Equipment Related factors: Equipment breakdowns, Shortage
of equipments, Less efficiency of the equipment
● Labour related factors: Shortage of labour, Strike, Poor skill of
the labours
● External Factors: Climatic changes, Price escalation of the
materials, Permissions from concerned government
authorities, Change in orders which are not included in
contract, Accidents during construction.

● Holidays Design associated factors: Complication in design,

Non existence of skill of design team, Errors and late in
producing design papers, Design errors made by designers

Effects of Delay

1) Time and cost overrun

2) Much reduction in profit for the contractor
3) Non-productivity loss for the owner
4) Extended stay of construction phase
5) Damage for the company’s reputation
6) Dispute, Arbitration or Litigation b/w the participants
of the project
7) Difficulty in improving the market value of the
contractor’s company
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Different methods that are commonly used to analyze delays:

● As-Planned vs. As-Built method
● Impacted As-Planned method
● Collapsed As-Built or "But for" method
● Window Analysis method

In the present study Microsoft Project has been used

planning and scheduling and for delay analysis
As Planned vs. As Built technique has been used. Various
data has been collected in the form of bar charts and
drawings
from site. The bar charts are converted into network by MSP
and critical path is found out.
3.2 COLLECTION OF PROJECT DATA
Initially all the nt data has been collected like a Drawings,
Specifications, types of resources, quantities,
planned schedule, photographs, etc.

3.3 PREPARATION OF SCHEDULE USING MSP

SOFTWARE

With the help of MSP schedule that will be prepare for the
project according to the information collected from
the organization. Before preparing the schedule initially different
activities are identified with the help of data given by the
organization and resources required for the project by rate
analysis.

3.4 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN

A questionnaire is an analyzing instrument consisting of a set of

questions for the purpose of collecting information
from the respondents. They are designed for statistical analysis of
the responses. Questionnaires must be prepared such
that the respondents must be capable to read the questions and
answer to them.
Analysis was employed using four point Likert scale and the
weight is given as below:
1 – Strongly Disagree
2 – Disagree
3 – Moderate
4 – Agree
5 - Strongly Agree