CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GEOMATIC LABORATORY
Course Code DAC 21403
Practical Title TWO PEG TEST & LEVELLING
Section 1
Group No. 5
Practical Date 8 NOVEMBER 2021
Group Members  NUR BALQIS BINTI NASARUDIN
(AA200478)
 NIK AHMAD IRFAN BIN NIK MUHAMMAD
(AA200752)
 NUR AIRIL DANISH BIN NOOR AZLAN
(AA200507)
 MOHAMAD ILMAN HAFIZ BIN ZAMRI
(AA200295)
 MUHAMMAD UMAR AKASHAH BIN MUHAMMAD
MAHIR
(AA200851)
Lecturer / Tutor / Instructor CIK SITI NOORAIIN BINTI MOHD RAZALI
criteria 1 2 3 4 SCR WT T. SCR
Student(s)
Student(s) gathered information from a
gathered
Information Student(s) gathered Student(s) gathered variety of quality electronic and print
information from a
information that information from a sources, including appropriate licensed
Seeking / limited range of
Selecting and
lacked relevance,
quality, depth and
sources and
variety of relevant
sources - print and
databases. Sources are relevant, balanced
and include critical readings relating to the
2.5
Evaluating displayed minimal
balance. electronic. thesis or problem. Primary sources were
effort in selecting
included (if appropriate).
quality resources.
Practices using Practices using
Fails to practice
the equipment the a appropriate Sufficiently practices using the
Practicing using the
a little, mastery equipment ,mast equipment that will be used. 3
equipment.
not attained ery not attained
Student(s) collects
Student(s)
inappropriate or Student(s) collects
collects some Student(s) collects appropriate field books,
inadequate most fieldwork tools
fieldwork tools forms, surveys and/or checklists. Student(s)
Conducting fieldwork tools. and takes proper
Fieldwork Takes proper
and takes few
survey data, fill
survey data, fill
creatively takes proper survey data, fill
sufficient forms and labels the sketch
6
survey data, fill forms, labels the
forms, and draw a properly.
insufficient forms, sketch.
simple sketch.
no labels the sketch
Student(s) could Student(s) logically Student(s) developed appropriate structure
Student(s) work is
have put greater organized the for communicating product, incorporating
Processing not logically or
Fieldwork Data effectively
effort
organizing
into
the
product and made
good connections
variety of quality sources. Information is
logically and creatively organized with
6
structured.
product. among ideas. smooth transitions.
Student(s)
Student(s) need to
documented sources
use greater care in
with some care,
Documentation was documenting Student(s) documented all sources, including
Sources are cited,
very poorly sources. visuals, sounds, and animations. Sources
both in-text/in-
Documentation organized and
sources were not
Documentation
was poorly
product and on
are properly cited, both in-text/in-product and
on Works-Cited/Works-Consulted
2.5
Works-Cited/Works-
cited. constructed or pages/slides. Documentation is error-free.
Consulted
absent and very
pages/slides. Few
few citations noted.
errors noted.
Student(s) showed
little evidence of Student(s) effectively and creatively used
thoughtful fieldwork. Student(s) need to Student(s) effectively appropriate communication tools to convey
Product
Product does not
effectively
work on presenting
more effectively.
communicated
results of fieldwork
the their conclusions and demonstrated
thorough, effective survey techniques.
5
communicate Product displays creativity and originality.
research findings.

Received Date and Stamp Examiner Comments: ∑

1. LEVELLING (TWO PEG TEST)
1.1 Introduction:
Two peg test is a surveying operation carried out to determine whether the
levelling bubble and telescope line of sight are parallel.
1.2 Aim:
Peg Test is a surveying operation carried out to determine if the levelling
bubble (bubble axis) and telescope line-of-sight (line of collimation) are
parallel
1.3 Equipments:
i) Level and Tripod (1 set)
ii ) Staff (2 sets)
iii ) Staff Bubble (2 sets)
iv ) Tape (1 set)
1.4 Procedures
i) A peg test was required to be done by each of the group to check the
instrument.
ii ) The results of the peg test were recorded by each person in the group
in their own field book.
iii ) Two points with some 30 m apart were set out and mark on the ground
( with wooden pegs driven into the earth, or roofing nails in tar )
iv ) The instrument was set up midway between two pegs (Figure 3.1)

Figure 3.1: The First Set Up

 v ) Staff on each peg was read (back sight and foresight), and the height
difference between the peg was calculated.
vi ) Next, the instrument was moved about L/10 = 6 m beyond one of the
pegs (normally fore staff position), (Figure 3.2)
vii ) Staff on each peg was read again, and the height difference was
calculated.

Figure 3.2: The Second Set Up

1.5 Observations Data and Analysis

Reading Staff B (S1) Reading Staff, A (S2) Height difference = m

First set up 1.182 1.210 0.028

Reading Staff B (S1’) Reading Staff, A(S2’) Height difference = m’

Second set up 1.161 1.130 0.031

Difference (m – m’) 60 m
0.028 – 0.031 0.003

 If m = m’ then the instrument is OK!

 Acceptable error: 5 mm
The error is called collimation error
2. LEVELLING (ESTABLISH TBM)
2.1 Introduction:
Vertical Control is the general term applied to any of the various process by
each elevation of points or differences in elevation are determined. It is a vital
operation in producing necessary data for mapping, engineering design, and
construction.
2.2 Aim:
To fly reduced level from known point (Benchmark or Temporary
Benchmark) to unknown point.
2.3 Field Procedures:
2.3.1 Observation Procedures:
i) A series of measurements of level loop as shown in Figure 3.3 was
considered
ii ) With BM A as the starting point, Setup 1 that is a back sight to BM A
was set as the first reading measurement, and the foresight of CP 1 or
known as Change Point was set as the second reading.
iii ) While the levelling staff remains at CP 1, the instrument was then
moved to Setup 2. Back sight reading to CP1 was took, and to CP 2
foresight reading, and so on.
iv ) Eventually, at Setup 4, a back sight reading was made to CP 3, and
then to BM A foresight reading.
v ) Then, the traverse was CLOSED so the levels was allowed to be
checked, since the sum of all changes should be zero in the level.

Figure 3.3: A sample of levelling loop

2.3.2 Booking Procedures:
i) The Rise and Fall Method
The terms that are commonly used in the Rise and Fall Method are:
BS = Backsight,
FS = Foresight,
IS = Intermediate Sight and
RL = Reduced Level

2.3.3 Reduction (Calculation) Procedures:

i) The survey accuracy was checked, and it was within the tolerances
that been given below or suitable with the project. Before leaving the
job, the checking process was applied .

ii ) The following was used to checked the arithmetic of the level of the
level reductions and must be exact:
åBS - åFS = åRise - åFall
(BS) – (FS) = RL (last BM) – RL (start BM)

iii ) The Misclosure was:

±(20ÖK) mm, where K is the length of the traverse in km.

vi ) For example, the length of the loop was 0.7 km and the misclosure is
+30 mm. Hence, the limit of the misclosure was 20Ö0.7 = ±17 mm.
Therefore, +30 mm of the misclosure was too big (means that the
leveling work is not accepted).
2.4 Data and Analysis:
3. Appendix: