BLOODTRANSFUSIONS

John Abbott CollegeNursingAlison

Dilig-Ruiz, RN, BScN, MScN Aleasha
Naggyah, RN, BNI, Med (Candidate)
OUTLINE

1 Introduction to Blood Transfusion

Blood Groups
2 Blood Typing
Cross-Matching

Hema Quebec
3
Blood Donors
Blood & Blood Products

4 Nursing Considerations
Administering Blood
Transfusion Reactions
 Blood
Transfusions

“Every 80 SECONDS, someone in

Quebec needs blood”
(Hema Quebec, 2012)

1
Introduction
Why transfuse blood?

1) To restore
intravascular (blood)
volume
2) To restore the bloods
ability to transport
oxygen and carbon
dioxide, to clot, and to
fight infection.

1
Introduction

Kozier et al., 2004

 Reasons for
administering blood
& blood products

1
Introduction
 Blood is the fluid flowing through our veins and arteries. It’s made up of
Blood Groups,
plasma and Typing
a yellow liquid that is & Cross-Matching
composed of 90% water containing 3
types of cells: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Plasma also
contains….

(Hema-Quebec, 2012)
BLOOD GROUPS

4 main blood groups

Each surface of
individual red blood A B
cells contain proteins
known as ANTIGENS
(A, B and Rh)
Unique for each person AB 0

1 2 Blood
Introductio
n
 RHESUS (Rh) FACTOR
Positive (Rh+) Negative (Rh-)
Absence of Rh factor on
Presence of Rh factor on blood
blood When exposed to Rh
factor, these individuals
Present in approximately
develop Rh antibodies
85% of people
(Example?)

1 2 Blood
Introductio
n
Blood Type (Determined by antigen)
BLOOD TYPING & CROSS-MATCHING

Blood Typing Cross-Matching Blood Transfusion

1 2 Blood
Introductio
n
HÉMA QUÉBEC Since March 26, 1998
4045 Côte-Vertu Blvd.
Saint-Laurent, Québec H4R 2W7
Telephone: 514-832-5000
Toll-free: 1-888-666-HEMA (4362)
Fax: 514-832-1021
[email protected]

1 2 3 Hema
Introduct Quebec
ion Blood
 BLOOD DONORS
Rigorous process
Most donors are unpaid volunteers
Who can donate?
https://www.hema-quebec.qc.ca/sang/donneur-sang/puis-je-donner/
index.en.html

Refused if they have a history of

hepatitis, convulsions, HIV, blood
borne cancers, severe asthma,
bleeding disorders, and heart
disease.
1 2 3 Hema
Introduct Quebec
ion Blood
BLOOD & BLOOD PRODUCTS

Packed Red Platelets Plasma

Blood Cells

Clotting Factors Albumin Whole Blood

and
Cryoprecipitate

Autologous Red
Blood Cells

1 2 3 Hema
Introduct Quebec
ion Blood
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
1. Assess need for BT
2. Consent & Baseline
Assess
3. Verify MD orders
4. Blood Type & Screen
5. Notify Blood Bank
6. Prepare for
administration
7. Double verification
8. Baseline VS
9. Blood administration
10. Follow-up 1 VS 2 3 Hema 4
11. Monitor for reactions
Introduction
Blood Quebec Transfusio
n
 Blood,
Plasma and
Platelet IV
Tubing Setup

1 2 3 Hema 4
Introduction Quebec Transfusio
Blood n
TRANSFUSION REACTIONS
Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Fever
Allergic Reaction
Circulatory Overload
Sepsis

1 2 3 Hema 4
Introduction Quebec Transfusio
Blood n
 NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS

1 2 3 Hema 4
Introduction Quebec Transfusio
Blood n
 Acute Fever Allergy Circulator Sepsis TRALI
Hemolyti y Overload
c
Stop Stop Stop Slow Stop Oxygen
Transfusio Transfusio Transfusio down Transfusio
n& n & Notify n & Notify infusio n & Notify
Notify MD MD n MD IVF to
MD Raise maintain
Treat Collect BP
Shock Antipyretic Antihistami HOB
s as Rx (High BCs and
(if ne & Meds Send
as Rx Fowlers) Diuretic
present bloods s as Rx
)Blood and to
Urine Notify BB/TS
samples MD
Monitor IVF &
Maintain BP with IV VS & Abx as
colloid solutions. airways Diuretics Rx
Diuretics as Rx to & O2 &
maintain urine flow. Morphine
Restart as Rx
transfusio
Monito n slowly
r VS & (ONLY
I/O mild
(Foley) cases)
(Kozier et al., 2004)

1 2 3 Hema 4
Introduction Quebec Transfusio
Blood n
Blood Transfusion: Other Specific Cases

Client refusal of blood for any reason (eg.

Jehovah’s Witnesses)

Autologous blood: (donor & recipient are

the same person)

Directed blood donations: Blood is

collected from a specific donor to a
specific recipient (parent(s)/legal
guardian(s) to a minor child)
 OR
For further information BLOOD BANK/
Contact Hema-Quebec or TRANSFUSION
Local Blood
SERVICES
Bank/Transfusion services
within your institution. A
representative will be glad
to respond to your
questions and/or
concerns.
Thank You!
Any questions?
References
Hema Quebec. (2012). The transfusion route. Retrieved from
http://
www.hema-quebec.qc.ca/ userfiles/file/media/
anglais/
publications/The_transfusion_route%282%29.pdf

Kozier, B. J., Erb, G., Berman, A. T., Snyder, S., Buck, M., Yiu,
L., &
Stamler, L. L. (2012). Fundamentals of Canadian nursing:
Concepts, process, and practice (3rd ed.).

Kozier, B., Erb, G., Berman, A. J., Burke, K., Bouchal, D. S., &
Hirst, S. P.
(2004). Fundamentals of Nursing: The nature of nursing
practice in Canada (1st ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-
Hall.
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