ETHICS THROUGH THICK

AND THIN, AND ETHICS

AND
RELIGION
Group Reporting
 MEMBERS

ANGEL NUÑEZ ASHLEE BONCALES LE ANNE CABANIT

GABRIEL CANDIA RACHELLE TEAÑO

 Introduction
According to Mariano, globalization can be defined as “the continuing world-wide economic
integration, recently facilitated by emerging information technologies, that has also affected the
environment, culture, and politics of different groups of people” (Mariano, 2016).

Today, various technological and other advancements enable cultures from all over the world to
collaborate and be closer to one another. Though there are surely benefits of globalization, one
must also look into the ethical challenges it brings to society and everyone.
 Moral
Challenges of
Globalization
 MORAL CHALLENGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
According to Gallinero, the moral challenges
that are brought about by
globalization are:
1) the rise of radical inequality,
2) the problem of managing global
environment to prevent global ecological
collapse, and
3) the intrusion of international
economic organizations on indebted nations
(Gallinero, 2018).
The rise of
Radical Inequality
Radical inequality is defined as
a significant disparity or
imbalance within a society or
institution. This could include
great or profound economic,
social, or political inequalities,
which typically result in major
variations in opportunities,
resources, or outcomes among
distinct groups of people.
The rise of
Radical Inequality
as the world become more
technologically advanced the
gap between the rich and poor
is becoming even more
pronounced the global
financial scenario is that
wealth is concentrated in the
hands of the few, while it
leaves the majority in poverty -
colado 2006
The rise of
Radical Inequality
Consequentialism
-an action is right or wrong
based on the result of action

Deontological perspective
-is an approach to ethics that
looks at the rightness and
wrongness of action itself
( Mastin 2008)
 The problem of managing global 2
environment to prevent global ecological collapse
Today’s world is confronted by a host of environmental problems
that carry with them potential planetary consequences (Peter
Osimiri 2015)
the ozone is rapidly depleting
Global Warming
Ecosystem experiencing rapid reduction in number of
species
while the advance capitalist benefit from it,The entire world is
suffering from the effects of climate change Failure to solve
these issues could cause irreversible damage to the Earth's
ecosystems, affecting economies and human well-being.
 The intrusion of international

3 economic organizations on indebted nations

Participation of global financial institutions in
countries with significant debt. These
organizations intervene by giving financial
assistance, but they frequently impose
restrictions and policy changes on these nations,
threatening their sovereignty and causing social
and economic problems. ex. World Bank and
International Monetary Fund.
 CALLS FOR GLOBAL ETHICS
Because of the problems that may arise from globalization,
many suggest that
there should be a GLOBAL ETHICS (universal ethical standards
that will serve as a guide to globalized
interactions.) However, if we look back on our lessons under
Module 2 particularly
under moral relativism, James Rachels listed three universal
values shared by all
cultures, namely:
1) caring for the young,
2) murder is wrong, and
3) telling the truth
 NEXT SLIDE PREVIEW

Other principles that are needed to

be reviewed due to the rise of a
globalized
society are Moral absolutism, Ethical
pluralism and Fundamentalism.
MORAL ABSOLUTISM
The idea that there are unchanging and
universal moral standards that apply to
everyone, regardless of culture or
environment, is known as moral absolutism.
It establishes precise, unchanging norms
for what is right and wrong, providing
confidence in ethical decision-making. It
can, however, be perceived as rigid, unable
to tolerate cultural diversity and
complicated moral problems.
THE ADVANTAGES CRITICISM
Sometimes it is not appropriate to
It allows moral rules to be evaluated
critically.
treat people the same due to
It is fair as people are treated the same as circumstances that arise from
the rules are the same for everyone. different situations.
If a moral rule is right, then there would be Life is not simply "black and white".
no need to have different rules for different
people because the absolute rules are
universal.
 PLURALISM
Pluralism as a process refers to ways of recognition. It is a
state of society in which members of diverse ethnic,
racial, religious, or social groups maintain an autonomous
participation in and development of their traditional
culture or special interest, within the confines of a
common civilization. It acknowledges the diversity of
beliefs and seeks to understand and learn from one
another without imposing the views. The emphasis is on
mutual respect, tolerance, and cooperation despite
differing beliefs.
CHALLENGES OF PLURALISM
Pluralism is not diversity alone, but the energetic
engagement with diversity.
Pluralism is not just tolerance, but the active seeking of
understanding across lines of difference.
Pluralism is not relativism, but the encounter of
commitments.
Pluralism is based on dialogue.
 ETHICAL
PLURALISM
Ethical pluralism (also moral pluralism/value
pluralism) is the idea that values may be equally
correct, and that there is no single moral system
that can objectively judge an action to be right or
wrong. It accepts a wide range of moral opinions
and ideals as valid, recognizing that there is no
single universal moral truth.
For example, assume a building is on fire and there are children trapped inside. A
woman rushed inside and saved the trapped children. Unfortunately, having
inhaled toxic smoke, her lungs gave out and she died leaving her own daughter
an orphan. Was the woman morally correct in saving other children while leaving
her own child an orphan? Or should she just have saved herself for the sake of
her child?

A moral pluralist would conclude that there is no definitive way to decide which
is the better course of moral action. Indeed, moral pluralism declares that it is
sometimes difficult to choose between competing values.
 FUNDAMENTALISM

Fundamentalism is an approach to religion (and by

extension moral philosophy) that literally and strictly
adheres to religious doctrines. It involves strict
adherence to core beliefs or doctrines, often in religion
or ideology, with a literal interpretation of foundational
texts or principles. It resists change, emphasizes
traditional values, and can influence politics and society.
This strict adherence can lead to exclusivity and conflicts
with more progressive or diverse perspectives.
CHALLENGES OF FUNDAMEMENTALISM
Dualistic thinking: Fundamentalists are inclined to see the world in clear categories. You
are either good or bad, right or wrong, for them or against them. There is no room for
context or probabilities in a fundamentalist's view.
They are obsessed with the "ultimate end" for society and humanity. This mindset usually
has two components: first, the current system must "end"; and second, to witness a new
beginning.
Cult leadership: Fundamentalist groups are usually founded by a charismatic leader who
can wield total devotion from followers.
Total conversion and commitment: Members are fully immersed in their religious
doctrine. Loyalty and commitment is not only expected, it is demanded.
MORAL ABSOLUTISM VS FUNDAMENTALISM
is a kind of moral absolutism but in a
the assertion that human
radical way
beings should base their believe their doctrines ARE the
behavior on universal values or universal values that everyone
as Kant prescribed goodwill SHOULD follow
without conditions.
 Millenials and
“FillInials”:
Ethical Challenges
and Responses
The Filipino Millennials (“Filinnials”)
In a 2010 survey census, there are an estimated
25 million Filipino millennials or “Filinnials” (aged
15-29) in the Philippines. In 2015, Filipino
millennials (aged 15-34) make up 53% of the
working population and 45% of them were
employed.
Those who were in the 25-29 years age bracket were
the highest percentage of Filipino workers abroad. Most
Filipino youths today own a mobile phone and use the
Internet. The Philippines was once dubbed as the social
media capital of the world. It was found most Filipino
youth have a social media account and the Filipino
millennials aged 20-29 are the most common users of
Facebook.
Currently, there are four
generations working in the
same workplace:
 Traditionalists
Those who were born from 1900 - 1945. The generation
that lived through two World Wars. Their formative
years were that of survival.
 Baby boomers
Those born from 1946 - 1964. They are called “Baby
Boomers” because of the significant increase of
population in their generation.
 Generation X
Those who were born from 1965 - 1980. The generation
born in the era of video games and computers.
 Millennials
Those born from 1981 - 2000. They are also called the
“digital natives.” They grew up in the digital age, rather
than acquiring familiarity of it as an adult. The
generation born in the internet era.
 Generation Z
The fifth classification. These are those who were born
in 2001 to the present. They are also called the
“iGeneration”. They are the generation born in an era of
individualized mobile technologies (smartphones,
tablets, iPad, iPhone, etc.)
By 2025, millennials are estimated to account for 75%
of the global workforce. This means that the attitudes
and traits of these self-involved, selfie-taking
individuals are what will be shaping various
industries, both as workers and consumers. So much
extensive research is being done to get a better
picture of this generation.
QUALITIES OF
FILINNIALS
A 2016 study dubbed “The Truth About The Youth
Philippines” was conducted by McCann Truth Central by
McCann Worldgroup, a leading global marketing
services company. This was part of a larger study
consisting of findings from 33,000 interviews across 18
countries including US, Germany, Japan, and the
Philippines.
It turned out that there are things the Filipino
millennials care more about than their millennial
counterparts in other countries. Here are some of the
interesting statistics:
83% of Filipino youth rely heavily on their parents
for advice.
On adulthood, Filinnials value close family
relationships.
However, they also believe that the age limit for someone to
continue living with their parents is 30 years old. The global
average was surveyed at 32 years old.
Filipino millennials are more active in social media and are
more easily influenced by peers.
61% feel pressured to portray themselves in the best way
possible in social media.
96% feel it is important to a positive contribution to the
community.
However, despite the fast-moving world of social media and
communication there are three enduring human truths about being
young that as true today as they ever were in the previous
generations.

1. The notion of needing to “find yourself”

Being young is still ridden with angst. They are at the stage wherein
identity is being formed. Millennials go through the same agony of
“trying to figure things out” specifically “to figure what kind of
person I am.”
2. Friends are everything
Finding your group (barkada, ka-berks, dabarkads, beshie) to hang
out with is the key to establishing the sense of “self” and happiness.

3. “Finding you place in the world”

This pursuit remains relevant across eras. The millennials still strive
to figure out their values, passions and ideals, as well as
establishing their sense of personal justice of what is right and
wrong.
 THE RELIGIOUS
RESPONSE:
The Role of Religion in a Globalized World
RELIGION
“a system of beliefs and practices” (Hopkins, et al., 2001).
RELIGION VS. ETHICS
RELIGION

Promotes proper social behavior based on the teachings of a

deity or Supreme being
Various religions claim that their belief systems are the best way
to live and that their faith represents a path to enlightenment
and salvation.
RELIGION VS. ETHICS
ETHICS

Not dependent on religion

A universal decision-making tool that may be used by any
person from any religion, even by atheists.
The Role of Religion in a Globalized World
Globalization made way for the creation of the concept of
“international” through various organizations where nations
around the world participate.
United Nations
ASEAN
Through these organizations, issues like peace, security,
health issues, poverty, the environments, etc. are
discussed.
The Role of Religion in a Globalized World
In discussing issues, these organizations generally share
several of the basic commitments (peace, human dignity
and equality, conflict resolutions) of religious traditions
(Bandchoff, 2008).
Religious organizations also actively take part in international
affairs. Moreover, as themselves, religious groups have been
involved in interreligious dialogues.
The Role of Religion in a Globalized World
Globalization made possible for religions to come in direct
contact with each other.
UN’s Millennium Peace Summit, September 2000
The Summit’s conversation encouraged the world’s
religious communities to stop fighting and arguing
amongst themselves and begin working together for
peace, justice, and social harmony (Bandchoff, 2008).
The Role of Religion in a Globalized World
Through readily available modes of communication, shared
religious values such as human dignity and human freedom can
be relayed to each of their members at the shortest time; and
this can be used as means to manage religious diversity and
avoid violence.
 Summary
WORLD - one-globalized community:
moral issues, problems, concerns and related implications
3 moral challenges that are brought about by globalization
According to Gallinero, there are 3 enduring human truths encompassing all
the generations
Inter-religious dialogues are now being done thereby eliminating the gap or
disharmony among religions and
“working together to promote peace, justice and
social harmony”