2000 JBMO ShortLists

JBMO ShortLists 2000

1 Prove that there are at least 666 positive composite numbers with 2006 digits,
having a digit equal to 7 and all the rest equal to 1.

2 Find all the positive perfect cubes that are not divisible by 10 such that the
number obtained by erasing the last three digits is also a perfect cube.

3 Find the greatest positive integer x such that 236+x divides 2000!

4 Find all the integers written as abcd in decimal representation and dcba in base
7.

5 Find all pairs of integers (m, n) such that the numbers A = n2 +2mn+3m2 +2,
B = 2n2 + 3mn + m2 + 2, C = 3n2 + mn + 2m2 + 1 have a common divisor
greater than 1.

6 Find all four-digit numbers such that when decomposed into prime factors, each
number has the sum of its prime factors equal to the sum of the exponents.

7 Find all the pairs of positive integers (m, n) such that the numbers A = n2 +
2mn + 3m2 + 3n, B = 2n2 + 3mn + m2 , C = 3n2 + mn + 2m2 are consecutive
in some order.

8 Find all positive integers a, b for which a4 + 4b4 is a prime number.

9 Find all the triples (x, y, z) of positive integers such that xy +yz +zx−xyz = 2.

10 Prove that there are no integers x, y, z such that

x4 + y 4 + z 4 − 2x2 y 2 − 2y 2 z 2 − 2z 2 x2 = 2000

11 Prove that for any integer n one can find integers a and b such that
h √ i h √ i
n= a 2 + b 3

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 2000 JBMO ShortLists

12 Consider a sequence of positive integers xn such that:

(A) x2n+1 = 4xn + 2n + 2

(B) x3n+2 = 3xn+1 + 6xn

for all n ≥ 0.
Prove that
(C) x3n−1 = xn+2 − 2xn+1 + 10xn

for all n ≥ 0.

13 Prove that
q
(1k + 2k )(1k + 2k + 3k ) . . . (1k + 2k + . . . + nk )

2k−1 + 2 · 3k−1 + . . . + (n − 1) · nk−1

≥ 1k + 2 k + . . . + n k −
n

for all integers n, k ≥ 2.

m
14 Let m and n be positive integers with m ≤ 2000 and k = 3 − n. Find the
smallest positive value of k.

15 Let x, y, a, b be positive real numbers such that x 6= y, x 6= 2y, y 6= 2x, a 6= 3b

and 2x−y a+3b
2y−x = a−3b .
x2 +y 2
Prove that x2 −y 2
≥ 1.

16 Find all the triples (x, y, z) of real numbers such that

p √ √
2x y − 1 + 2y z − 1 + 2z x − 1 ≥ xy + yz + zx

17 A triangle ABC is given. Find all the pairs of points X, Y so that X is on the
sides of the triangle, Y is inside the triangle, and four non-intersecting segments
from the set {XY, AX, AY, BX, BY, CX, CY } divide the triangle ABC into
four triangles with equal areas.

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 2000 JBMO ShortLists

18 A triangle ABC is given. Find all the segments XY that lie inside the triangle
such that XY and five of the segments XA, XB, XC, Y A, Y B, Y C divide the
triangle ABC into 5 regions with equal areas. Furthermore, prove that all the
segments XY have a common point.

19 Let ABC be a triangle. Find all the triangles XY Z with vertices inside tri-
angle ABC such that XY, Y Z, ZX and six non-intersecting segments from the
following AX, AY, AZ, BX, BY, BZ, CX, CY, CZ divide the triangle ABC into
seven regions with equal areas.

20 Let ABC be a triangle and let a, b, c be the lengths of the sides BC, CA, AB
√
respectively.
√ Consider a triangle DEF with the side lengths EF = au, F D =
√
bu, DE = cu. Prove that ∠A > ∠B > ∠C implies ∠A > ∠D > ∠E >
∠F > ∠C.

21 All the angles of the hexagon ABCDEF are equal. Prove that

AB − DE = EF − BC = CD − F A

22 Consider a quadrilateral with ∠DAB = 60◦ , ∠ABC = 90◦ and ∠BCD = 120◦ .
The diagonals AC and BD intersect at M . If M B = 1 and M D = 2, find the
area of the quadrilateral ABCD.

23 The point P is inside of an equilateral triangle with side length 10 so that the
distance from P to two of the sides are 1 and 3. Find the distance from P to
the third side.

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