Unit 2: MS-Excel

MS-Excel: -
 An Excel spreadsheet can be understood as a collection of columns and rows that form a table. Alphabetical letters are
usually assigned to columns, and numbers are usually assigned to rows. The point where a column and a row meet are
called a cell. The address of a cell is given by the letter representing the column and the number representing a row.
 MS-Excel is quite useful in entering, editing, analysis and storing of data. Arithmetic operations with numerical data
such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division can also be done with Excel. One can sort the
numbers/characters according to some given criteria (like ascending, descending etc.) and solve simple financial,
mathematical and statistical formulas.
 It provides multiple features to perform various operations like calculations, pivot tables, graph tools, macro
programming, create pivot tables and create macros, etc.
 Spreadsheet applications such as MS Excel use a collection of cells arranged into rows and columns to organize and
manipulate data. They can also display data as charts, histograms and line graphs.

 EXCEL FEATURES: -
i. AutoFill - feature allows you to quickly fill cells with repetitiveor sequential data such as chronological dates or
numbers, and repeated text. AutoFill can also be used to copy functions.
ii. Wizard - guides you to work effectively while you work by displaying various helpful tips and techniques based on
what you are doing.
iii. Drag and Drop - feature will help you to reposition the data and text by simply dragging the data with the help of
mouse.
iv. PivotTable - flips and sums data in seconds and allows you to perform data analysis and generating reports like
periodic financial statements, statistical reports, etc. One can also analyse complex data relationships graphically.

v. Home: Comprises options like font size, font styles, font colour, background colour, alignment, formatting options
and styles, insertion and deletion of cells and editing options.
vi. Insert: Comprises options like table format and style, inserting images and figures, adding graphs, charts and
sparklines, header and footer option, equation and symbols.
vii. Page Layout: Themes, orientation and page setup options are available under the page layout option.
viii. Review: Proofreading can be done for an excel sheet (like spell check) in the review category and a reader can add
comments in this part.
ix. View: Different views in which we want the spreadsheet to be displayed can be edited here. Options to zoom in and
out and pane arrangement are available under this category.
x. Rows and columns: Rows and columns are two distinct features in a spreadsheet that come together to make a cell,
a range, or a table. In general, columns are the vertical portion of an excel worksheet, and there can be 16384 of
them in a worksheet, whereas rows are the horizontal portion, and there can be 1048576 of them.
xi. Formulas: In spreadsheets, formulas process data automatically. It takes data from the specified area of the
spreadsheet as input then processes that data, and then displays the output into the new area of the spreadsheet
according to where the formula is written. In Excel, we can use formulas simply by typing “=Formula Name
(Arguments)” to use predefined Excel formulas.

 Advantages:-

i. Versatile – MS Excel is a very versatile application. It can be used for tasks as simple as tracking expenses or creating
a budget, or for more complex tasks such as statistical analysis or financial modelling.
ii. Saves time – Excel includes a wide range of built-in functions and formulas that can save users time and effort when
working with data. For example, the SUM function can quickly calculate the sum of a range of cells, while the
VLOOKUP function can easily look for a value in a table. You can create functions that run complex calculations and
even generate graphs.
iii. Analyse large data sets – Another benefit of using Excel is its ability to handle large amounts of data. Excel can easily
import data from other sources, such as databases and text files, and can handle millions of rows of data without
slowing down.
iv. Data retrieval is easier: Finding information printed on paper may take longer; however, this is not the case with an
Excel spreadsheet. Data can be located and retrieved with ease.
v. Mathematical formulae that are Simple to Use: MS Excel's formula feature has made calculations simpler and
faster.
vi. More reliable: These spreadsheets, which may be password-protected on a laptop or desktop computer, are
significantly less likely to be lost than records or pieces of paper with data that have been written down.
vii. One location for all data: When the paperwork was completed in the past, data was housed in separate files and
registers. Now that several worksheets may be added to a single MS Excel file, it has become more practical.
 Disadvantages:-

i. Steep Learning curve – Excel can be challenging to use for more complex tasks. Users who are not familiar with
spreadsheet applications may have difficulty understanding how to do more advanced functions in Excel.
ii. Not open source – Excel is a proprietary application, which means it can only be used on computers that have
Microsoft Office installed. This can be a disadvantage for users who do not have Microsoft Office.
iii. Better alternatives – Excel is not suitable for all types of data and analysis tasks. Some alternatives offer better
functionality and may not be able to cater to everyone’s requirements. For instance, some people may prefer to
use Google Sheets as it can be accessed on literally any platform without the need to install prerequisite software.
iv. Data And Growth: One of the primary issues with MS Excel is that it cannot manage more than a few thousand rows
without grinding to a halt. It also imposes file size restrictions.
v. Difficult formulas: While using MS Excel, there are multiple levels of complexity. For instance, some people could
feel more at ease with the thought of doing short work, such as making an inventory list for clients so they can
restock their stores, while others might not be familiar with formulae and charts, which could take up significant
time.
vi. Errors in Calculation: The most significant of MS Excel's drawbacks is that there are inaccuracies in computations.
When working with fractions or percentages, for example, the decimal point may be lost, resulting in an error on
the screen.

Workbook:-
 In Microsoft Excel, a workbook is a file that contains one or more spreadsheets, also known as worksheets. It's the
primary document type used to organize and store data in Excel.A workbook can have multiple worksheets, and
each worksheet consists of rows and columns, forming a grid of cells. These cells can contain various types of data,
such as numbers, text, dates, and formulas.
 Collection of worksheets is referred to as workbook
 The workbook provides several tools and features to manage and analyse the data. For example, you can perform
calculations on the data using functions and formulas, create charts and graphs to visualize the data, and use
formatting to make the data more readable.
 When you open a new workbook in Excel, it starts with three worksheets by default. You can add or delete
worksheets as needed, and you can also rename them to help organize the data.

 Create a new Spreadsheet or Workbook:-

Step 1: Click on the top-left, Microsoft office button and a drop-down menu appear.
Step 2: Now select New from the menu.
Step 3: After selecting the new option a New Workbook dialogue box will appear and then in Create tab, click on the
blank Document.A new blank worksheet is created and is shown on your screen.
 Saving The Workbook:-
Step 1: Click on the top-left, Microsoft office button and we get a drop-down menu.
Step 2: Now Save or Save As are the options to save the workbook, so choose one.
Save As: To name the spreadsheet and then save it to a specific location. Select Save As if you wish to save the file
for the first time, or if you want to save it with a new name.
Save: To save your work, select Save/ click ctrl + S if the file has already been named.

Worksheet:-
  A worksheet or sheet is a single page in a file created with an electronic spreadsheet program such as Microsoft
Excel. A workbook is the name given to an Excel file and contains one or more worksheets.
 The primary storage unit for data in a worksheet is a rectangular-shaped cell arranged in a grid pattern in every sheet
and individual cells of data are identified and organized using the vertical column letters and horizontal row numbers
of a worksheet, which create a cell reference, such as A1, D15, or Z467.
 Worksheet specifications for current versions of Excel include:1,048,576 rows per worksheet; 16,384 columns per
worksheet; 17,179,869,184 cells per worksheet. A limited number of sheets per file based on the amount of memory
available on the computer
 Worksheet tabs appear at the bottom of each workbook. A workbook will open up with three worksheets, called
Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3, respectively. But you're free to add, delete, and rename these worksheets as you see fit
and can also navigate between worksheets by clicking on one of these tabs. You can also use hotkeys to do it: Ctrl +
PgUp or PgDn on Windows.
 Right-click a worksheet tab to bring up the worksheet options menu, which will allow you to manipulate the
worksheets in your workbook such as Insert, Delete, Rename, Move, Copy, or Hide a worksheet, as well as a few
other features (like changing the colour of a worksheet tab).

 Use of Spreadsheets:-
i. Finance: Spreadsheets are used for financial data like it is used for checking account information, taxes, transaction,
billing, budgets, etc.
ii. Forms: Spreadsheet is used to create form templates to manage performance review, timesheets, surveys, etc.
iii. School and colleges: Spreadsheets are most commonly used in schools and colleges to manage student’s data like
their attendance, grades, etc.
iv. Lists: Spreadsheets are also used to create lists like grocery lists, to-do lists, contact detail, etc.
v. Hotels: Spreadsheets are also used in hotels to manage the data of their customers like their personal information,
room numbers, check-in date, check-out date, etc.

Organisation of worksheet in workbook:-

A workbook can hold more than one worksheet. Keeping more than one worksheet in the same workbook has
advantages. For example, in a workbook that tracks monthly income from rental properties, you can record monthly
income on 12 worksheets, 1 for each month. By constructing formulas that calculate income data across the 12
worksheets, you can track annual income from the properties.Follow these instructions to move among, add, delete,
rename, and change the order of worksheets:-

i. Inserting a new worksheet: Click the New Sheet button (you can find it in the lower-left corner of the screen to the
right of the worksheet tab); press Shift+F11; or on the home tab, open the drop-down list on the Insert button and
choose Insert Sheet.
ii. Moving among worksheets: To go from one worksheet to another, click a worksheet tab along the bottom of the
screen. If you can’t see a tab, click one of the scroll arrows to the left of the worksheet tabs.
iii. Renaming a worksheet: Right-click the worksheet tab, choose Rename on the shortcut menu, type a new name, and
press Enter. You can also go to the Home tab, click the Format button, choose Rename Sheet on the drop-down list,
and enter a new name.
iv. Selecting worksheets: Click the worksheet’s tab to select it. To select several worksheets, Ctrl+click their tabs or click
the first tab and then Shift+click the last tab in the set. To select all the worksheets, right-click a tab and choose Select
All Sheets on the shortcut menu.
v. Rearranging worksheets: Drag the worksheet tab to a new location. As you drag, a tiny black arrow and a page icon
appear to show you wherethe worksheet will land after you release the mouse button. You can also select a sheet, go
to the Home tab, click the Format button, and choose Move or Copy Sheet on the drop-down list. The Move or Copy
dialog box appears. Select the sheet in the Before Sheet list where you want the worksheet to go and click OK.
vi. Deleting a worksheet: Select the sheet, and on the Home tab, open the drop-down list on the Delete button and
choose Delete Sheet. You can also right-click a worksheet tab and choose Delete. Be careful, because you can’t restore
your deleted worksheet by pressing the Undo button.
vii. Copying a worksheet: Select the sheet, hold down the Ctrl key, and drag the worksheet tab to a new location.
viii. Moving a worksheet to another notebook: Make sure that the other workbook is open, open the drop-down list on
the Format button, and choose Move or Copy Sheet. Then select the other workbook’s name in the Move or Copy
dialog box and click OK.
ix. Colour-coding a worksheet: Right-click a worksheet tab and choose Tab Colour. Then select a colour in the submenu,
or choose More Colours and select a colour in the Colours dialog box.

DATA ENTRY:-
i. Numbers: The numbers can be from the entire range ofnumeric values: whole numbers (example, 25),
decimals(example, 25.67) and scientific notation (example,0.2567E+2). Excel displays scientific notation
automaticallyif you enter a number that is too long to be viewed in itsentirety in a cell. You may also see number signs
(# # # # ##) when a cell entry is too long. Widening the column thatcontains the cell with the above signs will allow you
to readthe number.
ii. Text: First select the cell in which data has to be enteredand type the text. Press ENTER key to finish your text
entry.The text will be displayed in the active cell as well as in theFormula bar. If you have numbers to be treated as
text, usean apostrophe (‘) as the first character. You cannot docalculations with these kinds of data entry.
iii. Date and Time: When you enter dates and times, Excel converts these entries into serial numbers and kept
asbackground information. However, the dates and times willbe displayed to you on the worksheet in a format opted
byyou.
iv. Data in Series: You can fill a range of cells either with thesame value or with a series of values with the help of AutoFill.

Formatting option:-
 Formatting in Excel means a trick that we can use to modify the data's appearance in a worksheet. We can format
the data in various ways, like we can format the font of the cells or the table with the help of the styles and format
tab present in the Home tab.
 It's easier than ever to format worksheet (or sheet) data in Excel. There are various quick and easy ways to generate
professional-looking worksheets that efficiently present our data. For example, we can utilize document themes to
give our Excel spreadsheets a consistent design, style to apply predetermined formats, and other manual formatting
capabilities to highlight essential data.
 Excel formatting is an optional step following data preparation, or all of the data cleansing, structuring, enriching,
and standardizing necessary to prepare the data for analysis.
 Splitting columns, eliminating rows with incomplete data, and standardizing against a certain name once completed,
Excel formatting adds the finishing touches, ensuring that the data is properly prepared and presented.

 Benefits of Data Formatting in Excel:-

i. The data appears to be more presentable.
ii. Data formatting saves a lot of time and effort.
iii. With the help of the chart, we can analyse the data.
iv. With the help of the formatting, we can highlight specific data such as profit or loss in business.

 Steps:-
1. Text Name:-
a) We can format the text font from default to any other available fonts in Excel. Likewise, we can insert any text value
in any of the cells.
b) Under the “Home” tab, we can see so many formatting options available.
c) Formatting has been categorized into six groups: “Clipboard,” “Font,” “Alignment,” “Number,” and “Styles.”
d) For instance, the font of cell value A1 write- , “Hello Excel.” For this, under the “Font” category, click on the “Font
Name” drop-down list and select the font name as per wish.
e) We hangover one of the font names above. We can see the quick preview in cell A1. If you are satisfied with the font
style, click on the name to fix the font name for the selected cell value.

2. Font Size:-
a) Similarly, we can also format the font size of the text in a cell. Just type the font size in numbers next to the font
name option.
b) Enter the font size in numbers to see the impact.

3. Text Appearance:-
a) We can modify the default view of the text value. For example, we can make the text value look bold, italic, and
underlined. Look at font size and name options. We can see all these three options.
b) As per the format, we can apply formatting to text value.
c) We have applied the “Bold” formatting using the Ctrl + B shortcut excel key
d) To apply “Italic” formatting, use the Ctrl + I shortcut key.
e) To apply “Underline” formatting, use the Ctrl + U shortcut key.
f) If we want to apply a double underline, click on the drop-down list of underline options and choose “Double
Underline.”
4. Text Colour:-
a) We can format the default font colour (black) of text to any colours available.
b) Click on the drop-down list of the “Font Colour” option and change as per choice.

5. Text Alignment:-
a) We can format the alignment of the Excel text under the “Alignment” group.
b) We can do a left alignment, right alignment, middle alignment, top alignment, and bottom alignment.

6. Text Orientation:-
a) The important thing under “Alignment” is the “Orientation” of the text value.
b) Under “Orientation,” we can rotate text values diagonally or vertically.
c) Under “Format Cell Alignment, we have many options. Click on this option and experiment with some techniques to
see the impact- Angle Counter clockwise; Angle Clockwise; Vertical Text; Rotate Text Up; Rotate Text Down.

Types of charts:-
Charts are used to represent the data into graphical elements, which makes it very too easy to interpret the data; it
becomes very useful if our data is very large. Excel provides various charts to represent the excel data and makes it
very easy to understand and analyse the data compare to the excel cells data analysis. There are various charts
available in excel:-

a) Column Charts: A column chart is basically a vertical chart that is used to represent the data in vertical bars. It works
efficiently with different types of data, but it is usually used for comparing the information.For example, a company
wants to see each month sell graphically and also wants to compare them. Column charts are best for it that help to
analyse and compare each month's data with each other.
b) Line Chart: Line charts are most useful for showing trends. Using this chart, you can easily analyse the ups and downs
in your data over time. In this chart, data points are connected with lines.For example, a company wants to analyse
the sale of products for the last five years graphically. Additionally, it also wants to analyse the ups and downs of
each year product sell.
c) Bar chart: Bar charts are horizontal bars that work like column charts. Unlike column charts, Bar charts are
horizontally plotted. Or you can say that bar charts and column charts are just opposite to each other.For example, a
company uses the bar chart to analyse the data through vertical bars to represent the data graphically. You can see
as well as compare the values to each other, respective to data.
d) Area chart: Area charts are just like line charts. Unlike the line charts, gaps are filled with colour in area charts. Area
charts are easy to analyse the growth in business as its show’s ups and downs through line. For example, the
difference is subtle, but when you need to express things like how many trees have been clear cut from 1990 to 1995
versus 2000 to 2005, the area chart really is one of the best Excel chart types to use/With the population data above,
you can compare things like male versus female population growth from 2010 through 2015.
e) Pie chart: A pie chart is a rounded shape graph that is divided into slices of pie. Using this chart, you can easily
analyse data that is divided into slices. It makes the data easy to compare the proportion.Pie charts make it easy to
analyse which values make up the percentage of whole. Pie chart is also known as Doughnut chart. Excel offers 2D
and 3D pie charts. For example, a university may use a pie chart to show a breakdown of the racial demographics of
its student population. Using our data above, you might use a pie chart to break Northeast renter problems down by
repair issues.
f) Surface chart: Surface chart is actually a 3D chart that helps to represent the data into a 3D landscape. These charts
are best to use with a large dataset. This chart allows to displaying a variety of data at the same time.A large dataset
is not easy to represent using other charts. Surface chart solve this problem that allows displaying large datasets
using this 3D chart.For example,the 3-D version of the chart looks like a topographic map, plotting altitude and
distance from any given point. Similarly, you can use this map to do things like chart the severity of a disease
outbreak against age and the time that the person remains sick.
 Chart Wizard:-
 In simple terms, an embedded chart is one where the chart resides in the same worksheet as the dataset. Typically,
the default option in Excel embeds the chart in the same worksheet as your dataset. However, if you wish, you can
insert the chart into a separate chart sheet.
 Chart Wizard in Excel is a wizard that takes users or guides them through a step-by-step process to insert a chart in
an Excel spreadsheet. It was available in Excel in older versions under “Chart Wizard.” In addition, we have the
“Recommended Charts” option for the newer versions, where Excel itself recommends various types of charts to
choose from.
 Steps:-
i. Firstly, we need to select the data first and go to the “Insert” tab. Then, under the INSERT tab, go to the “Charts”
area.
ii. Since we have selected a column chart, click on the “Column Charts.”Select the first chart in this.
iii. As soon as we click on this chart, Excel shows the default chart. We need to make adjustments to this chart to look
better and more beautiful.
iv. Firstly, right-click on the chart and select “Select Data” and make necessary changes accordingly.
v. Then click on “OK” to back to the previous window. Again, click on the “OK” button to complete the chart building.
We have a chart ready now.
vi. To change the chart title, double-click on the chart title and enter the chart title.
vii. Add “Data Labels.” “Data Labels” are nothing but each data bar’s actual numbers.Then, we need to right-click on one
of the bars and select “Add Data Labels.”Now, we can see data labels for each label.
viii. Select the gridline and press the “Delete” key to delete them. As a result, we will have a chart without gridlines.
ix. Change the colour of the chart fonts to black. Select the chart and the black font colour in the “Home” tab and one
can change the default column bar colour to any of the colours as per our wish under the “Home” tab. Select the
bar and choose the colour of your choice.

Formulas:-
a) SUM: The SUM() function, as the name suggests, gives the total of the selected range of cell values. It performs the
mathematical operation which is addition.Syntax: =SUM(number1, [number2], …)

b) AVERAGE: The AVERAGE() function focuses on calculating the average of the selected range of cell values. As one can
find the avg of the total sales.Syntax: =AVERAGE (value1, [value2], …)
c) COUNT: The function COUNT() counts the total number of cells in a range that contains a number. It does not include
the cell, which is blank, and the ones that hold data in any other format apart from numeric.Syntax: =COUNT(value1,
[value2], …)
d) COUNTA: Like the COUNT function, COUNTA counts all cells in a given rage. However, it counts all cells regardless of
type. That is, unlike COUNT that only counts numeric, it also counts dates, times, strings, logical values, errors, empty
string, or text.
e) POWER: The function “Power()” returns the result of a number raised to a certain power.

f) TRIM: The TRIM function makes sure your functions do not return errors due to extra spaces in your data. It ensures
that all empty spaces are eliminated. Unlike other functions, TRIM only operates on a single cell. Therefore, it comes
with the downside of adding duplicated data to your spreadsheet.Syntax:=TRIM(text)
g) MAX & MIN: The MAX and MIN functions help in finding the maximum number and the minimum number in a range
of values.
h) COLUMN: The COLUMN function in Excel returns the column number of a given cell. {Syntax:=COLUMN([reference])}
i) ROW: It works exactly like COLUMN but it returns the row number instead. {Syntax: =ROW([reference])}
j) LEN: The function LEN() returns the total number of characters in a string. So, it will count the overall characters,
including spaces and special characters.Syntax: =LEN(text)
k) VLOOKUP: This stands for the vertical lookup that is responsible for looking for a particular value in the leftmost
column of a table. It then returns a value in the same row from a column you specify.Syntax: =VLOOKUP
(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
l) HLOOKUP: Similar to VLOOKUP, we have another function called HLOOKUP() or horizontal lookup. The function
HLOOKUP looks for a value in the top row of a table or array of benefits. It gives the value in the same column from a
row you specify.
Macros:-
 A Macros is a piece of programming code that runs in excel environment, and it helps to automate routine tasks. In
other words, a macro is a recording of your regular steps in excel, which you can replay using a single button.
 Macros allow automating repetitive tasks in Excel. Some tasks need to be performed multiple times and repetition of
all the actions would consume time. In these scenarios, Macros helps in automating these tasks. It is a set of actions
that we can run as many times as required to perform a particular task. When a macro is created, the whole mouse
clicks, and the keystrokes get recorded.
 An Excel macro is an action or a set of actions that can be recorded, named, saved and executed as many times as
required and whenever desired. By using macros, we are able to automate repetitive tasks associated with data
manipulation and data reporting that must be accomplished repeatedly.
 For example: suppose for every month, a report is to be created for all the teachers of a school. As it is a repetitive
task, macros can come into action here.

 Disadvantages:-

 Steps:-

Part1:- Enabling Macros

 i. Open Excel. Double-click the Excel app icon, which resembles a white "X" on a green box, then click Blank
workbook.If you have a specific file which you want to open in Excel, double-click that file to open it instead.
ii. Click File. It's in the upper-left side of the Excel window.
iii. Click Options. You'll find this on the left side of the Excel window.
iv. Click Customize Ribbon. It's on the left side of the Excel Options window.
v. Check the "Developer" box. This box is near the bottom of the "Main Tabs" list of options.
vi. Click OK. It's at the bottom of the window. You can now use macros in Excel.

Part2: Recording a Macro

WORKSHEET SPREADSHEET WORKBOOK

1. Workbook is a bunch/bundle of
1. Worksheet is a single page 1. Spreadsheet is a program that
spreadsheets, in the workbook,
file/spreadsheet, where rows allows users to create a work
there may have one or more
and columns are available, report.
worksheets can be available.

2. The data which are filled 2. Spreadsheet is a large

2. Workbook is a program that
into rows and columns is platform where users can create
depends on worksheets as well
called a worksheet or many worksheets as well as
spreadsheets.
worksheet report. workbooks.

3. To create a worksheet on
3. To create a workbook one
the computer, you need to 3. Spreadsheet is a programto
needs a spreadsheet and
enter it into a spreadsheet. create workbooks and
worksheet, then only its creation
without that, it is an almost worksheets.
is possible.
impossible task.

4. You can create a workbook as

4. You can add a worksheet well as a worksheet in the 4. In Workbook you can add many
to the workbook by creating spreadsheet program. That’s Worksheets, but the creation of a
it with the help of a why you don’t need to add a workbook is possible only with a
spreadsheet. spreadsheet anywhere among spreadsheet.
these two.
5. You can use worksheets to 5. Into the workbook you can add
5. Spreadsheet allows you to
create school assignments, a bunch of worksheets, so if you
create any kind of work report
professional work reports, need to add multiples of
as with the help of this you can
business reports as well as worksheets that are related to
create as many work report files
accounting-related work different topics that time you can
that much you want.
details. add them in the workbook.

6. Worksheet contains matrix 6. In the workbook there is an

6. Spreadsheet is a program of
rectangular cells which association available of such kinds
such matrix rectangular cells in
arrange there in a tabular of features with work-related
the form of row and column.
form of row and column. data.

7. It is an easy task to add a

7. You can create both
worksheet into the 7. It is not a simple task to add
worksheets as well as
workbook, as well as create a one workbook to another
workbooks so easily within a
worksheet into a workbook.
spreadsheet.
spreadsheet.

8. You need to create a data

8. Data analysis and
report first on to worksheet via 8. It is not possible to data
manipulation are only
spreadsheet then only you can analysis and manipulation with
possible with a worksheet,
analyse as well as manipulate the help of a workbook.
not with the workbook.
that.

9. Workbook is a bundle of
9. No limit to creating a
9. Worksheet is always a worksheets, while you can create
worksheet and workbook within
single sheet. many workbooks in a tp
a spreadsheet.
spreadsheet.

10. With the help of a

10. In each cell of the
spreadsheet users can perform
worksheet user can enter the 10. that task can be performed on
mathematical and arithmetic
date, time, number, Excel any spreadsheet and worksheet,
operations, also statistical well
formula as well as a math for that workbook is compatible.
as and financial operations also
formula.
can be performed there.
 11. In spreadsheet-specific
11. Worksheet is a specific set worksheets as well as a general 11. In the workbook general form
of data. form of data can be available in of data is available.
the workbook.

12. In a spreadsheet, You can

12. Establishing a linkage
12. Interlinking between two link data between two
between two workbooks is no
worksheets is so easy task. worksheets into the same
easy task due to security issues.
workbook.

i. If you opened a blank workbook, enter any data which you want to use before proceeding.You can also close Excel
and open a specific Excel file by double-clicking it.
ii. Click the Developer tab. It's at the top of the Excel window. Doing so opens a toolbar here.
iii. Click Record Macro. A pop-up window will appear.
iv. Enter a name for the macro. In the "Macro name" text box, type in the name for your macro. This will help you
identify the macro later.
v. Create a shortcut key combination if you like. Press the ⇧ Shift key along with another letter key (e.g., the E key) to
create the keyboard shortcut. You can use this keyboard shortcut to run the macro later.
vi. Click the "Store macro in" drop-down box. It's in the middle of the window. Doing so prompts a drop-down menu.
vii. Click This Workbook. Your macro will be stored inside your spreadsheet, making it possible for anyone who has the
spreadsheet to access the macro.
viii. Click OK. It's at the bottom of the window. Doing this saves your macro settings and begins recording.
ix. Perform the macro's steps. Any step you perform between clicking OK and clicking Stop Recording while be added to
the macro. For example, if you wanted to create a macro which turns two columns' worth of data into a chart, you
would do the following:-
a) Click and drag your mouse across the data to select it.
b) Click Insert
c) Select a chart shape.
d) Click the chart that you want to use.
e) Click Stop Recording. It's in the Developer toolbar. This will save your macro.

Part3: Saving a Macro-Enabled Spreadsheet

i. If you don't save your spreadsheet as a macro-enabled spreadsheet (XLSM format), the macro won't be saved as part
of the spreadsheet, meaning that other people on different computers won't be able to use your macro if you send
the workbook to them.
ii. Click File. It's in the upper-left corner of the Excel window (Windows). Click Save As. This option is on the left side of
the window.
iii. Double-click This PC. It's in the column of save locations near the left side of the window. A "Save As" window will
open.
iv. Enter a name for your Excel file. In the "Name" text box, type in the name for your Excel spreadsheet.
v. Change the file format to XLSM. Click the "Save as type" drop-down box, then click Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook
in the resulting drop-down menu.[2]
vi. Select a save location. Click a folder in which you want to save the Excel file (e.g., Desktop).
vii. Click Save. It's at the bottom of the window. Doing so will save your Excel spreadsheet to your selected location, and
your macro will be saved along with it.

Part4: Running a Macro

i. Open the macro-enabled spreadsheet by double-clicking on it.

 ii. Click Enable Content. It's in a yellow bar at the top of the Excel window. This will unlock the spreadsheet and allow
you to use the macro.If you don't see this option, skip this step.
iii. Click the Developer tab. This option is at the top of the Excel window.
iv. You can also just press the key combination you set for the macro. If you do so, the macro will run, and you can skip
the rest of this method.
v. Click Macros. You'll find it in the Developer tab's toolbar. A pop-up window will open.
vi. Select your macro. Click the name of the macro which you want to run.
vii. Click Run. It's on the right side of the window. Your macro will begin running.