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HW3

This document contains 12 questions about probability concepts. The questions cover topics such as sample spaces, equally likely outcomes, independent and dependent events, conditional probability, and probability calculations using counting principles and probability trees. Several questions involve real-world scenarios like gambling, sports tournaments, and random drawings or selections.

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Cem Tahtakıran
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84 views

HW3

This document contains 12 questions about probability concepts. The questions cover topics such as sample spaces, equally likely outcomes, independent and dependent events, conditional probability, and probability calculations using counting principles and probability trees. Several questions involve real-world scenarios like gambling, sports tournaments, and random drawings or selections.

Uploaded by

Cem Tahtakıran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question 1:

An experiment consists of the following steps: Toss a coin; if the outcome is tails, roll a die, and
record the number appearing on the top face; if the outcome is heads, roll two dice, and record
the numbers appearing on the two top faces.
(a) Describe the sample space. How many elements does it have?
(b) Is the equally likely principle applicable? Explain your answer.
(c) Define the event E as "the sum is 3". (If one die is rolled, the outcome is a 3; if two are rolled,
the sum of the appearing two numbers is 3). What is the probability of E?

Question 2:
The sample space of a random experiment consists of the integers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
The probabilities assigned to each simple event are given below.

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.015 0.235 0.425 0.245 0.08

(a) Is this an acceptable probability assignment? Why?


(b) Define the event E1 = “The outcome of the trial is smaller than 3”. What is P( E1 ) ?
(c) Define E2 = “The outcome is an odd number”. Find P( E1  E2 ) and P( E1  E2 ) . Give a
relation linking both. Use this relation to find P( E 2 ) .

Question 3:
A die is thrown. If the outcome is 4, 5, or 6, the outcome is recorded. If the outcome is 1, 2, or 3,
the die is rolled again, and the higher outcome of the two is recorded. (For example, if a 2
appears first, and then a 5, the 5 is recorded. If a 3 appears first, and then a 2, the 3 is recorded).
Calculate the probabilities assigned to the elements of the sample space. Are the outcomes of the
experiment equally likely?

Question 4:
At the gamblers buffet there are six identical covered containers of food, four containing one kind
of food. Two are empty. You are asked to pick two containers at random. After picking two
containers, you may remove the lid and take as much food from these two as you want. What is
the probability that you will eat only one kind of food?

Question 5:
Two out of seven pictures are fake. If you choose four pictures at random, what is the probability
that you have only one fake picture among the four?

Question 6:
The even numbers of a die are painted red, the odd numbers white. The die is rolled once. Define
the event A as ‘2 or 3’, and the event B as ‘a red face’. Are these events independent? Explain.

Question 7:
There are two independent events A and B. Given that P(B) = 2P(A), and P(A∪B) = 0.52, find
P(B).
Question 8:
A, B, and C are three events defined on a sample space. P(A) = 0.36, P(B) = 0.5,
P(C) = 0.50, P(A  B) = 0.18, P(A  C) = 0.11, P(B  C) = 0.20, and P(A  B  C) = 0.08, a)
Investigate the independence of A and B using the product of their probabilities.
b) Investigate the independence of A and C using P(C/A).
c) Investigate the independence of B and C using P(B/C).
d) Can you find the sum of the probabilities of all simple events outside A  B  C ?

Question 9:
In the world cup of 2014, four teams make it to the semifinals: Brazil, Cameroon, Turkey, and
Germany. Turkey will play Brazil, and can win with probability 0.35. Germany will play
Cameroon, and can win with probability 0.6. If the Turkish team makes it to the final, they can
beat Germany, or Cameroon, in the final with probability 0.55, or 0.65, respectively. Brazil can
beat Germany, or Cameroon, in the final with probability 0.6, or 0.7, respectively.
a) What is the probability that the final is between Turkey and Germany?
b) What is the probability that Turkey will win the world cup ?
c) Given that Brazil won the world cup, what is the probability that Cameroon beat Germany?

Question 10:
A bag has 3 blue and 8 green balls. Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from
the bag.
a) What is the probability that two green balls will be drawn?
b) What is the probability that the first draw is blue, given that the second draw is green?

Question 11:
a) The answer to the question “What is the probability that in a random draw of five cards from a
deck, all of them are spades?” was given in the lecture as C13,5 / C 52 ,5 . A student objected, and
13 12
said that the probability of drawing the first spade is 52 , drawing a spade again is 51 , and so
13 12 11 10 9
forth, so that the probability of drawing five spades is 52 51 50 49 48 .
What do you say?

Question 12:
There are 6 chopsticks; 3 red, 2 blue, and one white. Two chopsticks are chosen at random, in
succession, without replacement.
a) What is the probability that both chopsticks have different colors?
b) What is the probability that the first chopstick is red, if the second chopstick is white?
c) At which locations in the probability tree can we see p(𝑤2 /𝑟1), p(𝑏1 ), and p(𝑟1 ∩ 𝑏2 )? (Possible
answers are left, middle, and right, for all three). Explain.
d) Are the events ‘first chopstick is red’ and second chopstick is blue’ independent?
e) What is the probability of the event ‘red on first or blue on second’ ?

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