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What Do You Mean by Maxima and Minima of A Function

This document discusses maxima and minima of functions. It defines maxima and minima as the maximum and minimum values of a function within a given range. It explains that maxima and minima are found using derivatives by locating points where the gradient/slope is zero, known as turning/stationary points associated with the largest or smallest local function values. It distinguishes between local and absolute maxima/minima, and describes how to find maxima and minima of a function algebraically using the first and second derivative tests.

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11 views

What Do You Mean by Maxima and Minima of A Function

This document discusses maxima and minima of functions. It defines maxima and minima as the maximum and minimum values of a function within a given range. It explains that maxima and minima are found using derivatives by locating points where the gradient/slope is zero, known as turning/stationary points associated with the largest or smallest local function values. It distinguishes between local and absolute maxima/minima, and describes how to find maxima and minima of a function algebraically using the first and second derivative tests.

Uploaded by

khanji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What do you mean by maxima and minima of a function?

Maxima and minima are the maximum and the minimum value of a function
respectively, within the given set of ranges.
Maxima and minima in calculus are found by using the concept of derivatives.
As we know the concept the derivatives gives us the information regarding the
gradient/ slope of the function, we locate the points where the gradient is zero
and these points are called turning points/stationary points. These are points
associated with the largest or smallest values (locally) of the function.
There are other maxima and minima of a function, which are not the absolute
maxima and minima of the function and are known as local maxima and local
minima. Let us learn more about local maxima and minima, absolute maxima
and minima, and how to find the maxima and minima of the function.

How to find maxima and minima algebraically?


We use first order derivative test and second order derivative test to find the
maxima and minima of a function.

Give the steps to find maxima and minima of a function.


Let f(x) be a function. Find the first derivative dy/dx.
Then equate dy/dx to zero and find the critical points.
Then find the second derivative d2y/dx2.
Substitute the critical points in d2y/dx2.
If d2y/dx2 > 0, then that is a point of minima.
If d2y/dx2 < 0, then that is a point of maxima.
Limit Definition
A limit of a function is a number that a function reaches as the independent variable of the function reaches
a given value. The value (say a) to which the function f(x) gets close arbitrarily as the value of the
independent variable x becomes close arbitrarily to a given value “A” symbolized as f(x) = A.
Points to remember:

 If limx→a- f(x) is the expected value of f at x = a given the values of ‘f’ near x to the left of a. This
value is known as the left-hand limit of ‘f’ at a.
 If limx→a+ f(x) is the expected value of f at x = a given the values of ‘f’ near x to the right of a. This
value is known as the right-hand limit of f(x) at a.
 If the right-hand and left-hand limits coincide, we say the common value as the limit of f(x) at x =
a and denote it by limx→a f(x).
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Mathematical Model
Explicit and Implicit Function
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