Optimization of Distribution System
Optimization of Distribution System
W ith the development of economy and mankind the electric (Fig.1.) [4].
distribution networks and technical and technological Methodology of calculation of electric supply losses from
solutions of the equipment connected to them are also changing interruptions The values of the electric supply reliability and
resulting in the changes of its application opportunities and losses resulted from the interruptions are calculated with the
requirements to quality of the supplied energy. accounting of the following factors: structure of electric supply
Taking into account the conditions of the free market and Observance of the reliability influencing factors in methods for calculation of the
increasing demands of the customers in an uninterrupted losses resulted from the electric supply interruptions
calculated.
The basic task of an electric supply network operator is to Private Commercial Agricultural Public Industrial
customers customers customers customers customers
provide a customer with energy supply of a necessary level of
reliability and quality with as low financial expenses as
possible. Intensity of Unsupplied Unsupplied Duration of Frequency of Different
interruption energy power interruption interruption combinations
The evaluation of interruptions risks of an electric supply
system requires to know structure of the network, its load and
Fig. 1. Factors influencing the losses from electric supply interruptions.
customers data [1].
network, undelivered electric energy, distribution functions of
II. METHODS FOR CALCULATION OF THE LOSSES the interruptions durations probabilities, the duration of electric
RESULTED FROM THE ELECTRIC SUPPLY supply system interruptions elimination for reserved,
INTERRUPTIONS unreserved and auxiliary elements as well as the losses of the
The losses resulted from the electric supply interruptions that network, society and customers resulted from the interruption
have economic and social influence on the society can be [5, 6, 7].
divided into direct and indirect losses. The purpose of the calculations is to consider different
Direct losses are connected with undelivered electric energy. scenarios as well as to calculate the losses form the
Indirect losses are not connected with the interruptions interruptions.
themselves but with their consequences. For the calculation of the losses the following tasks are
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36 37 38
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1 2 3 4 6 8 11
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19 20 T21
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28 29
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results.
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the analysis of capital investments scenario the several factors 25
QF4
Costs of
breakers Interruption Number of
ageing of the elements and the expenses for the elimination of
the supply system interruptions.
Calculation frequency users
losses resulting
from Costs of power
interruptions switches Interruption
duration
Weekday factor The expenses are formed from (2), where C – losses from
Life time of
elements
interruptions during the calculation period, €/year, Cki – capital
investments expenses, €/year, CANi – interruptions elimination
Lenght of lines Month factor
Fig. 9. Total losses resulted from the interruption for the case of breakers
optimization.
V. CONCLUSIONS
Fig. 8. Total losses resulted from the interruption for the case of power
switches optimization.
The proposed methods can be applied for the calculations of
the interruption risks of the customers and compensation of the
losses resulted from the interruptions.
of urban area electric supply network.
The possible future modifications of the proposed methods
This is connected with higher consumption of electric energy
are applicable in the solutions of different problems related to
in the urban regions and higher incomes of the customers [8].
the analysis of electric supply interruptions.
Taking into account the total losses from the interruptions the
The overview, analysis and systematization of the methods of
additional connection of power switches can be considered
distribution networks reliability calculation, optimization
from the smart grids development and maintaining easy point
methods of reliability improvement, the alternative of the
of view.
reliability improvement and the losses resulted from the electric
supply interruptions give an opportunity to search for the
D. Results of calculations of losses from interruptions by solutions of capital investments on the level of distribution
genetic algorithm with optimized numbers and localizations of networks, customers and society taking into account the
breakers tendencies of development and perspective technologies.
Note that the optimization of the number and localization of Optimization of the number of power switches and
the breakers does not give an opportunity to achieve a minimum localization completed with the help of genetic algorithm, in
level of the losses resulting from the interruptions. accordance with the loan term and properties of the network
Besides, the correspondence of the optimal number of the model, allows reducing the losses from interruptions from 5.8
breakers to that of the power switches, the breakers cannot % to 33.6 %.
provide the operation of the network without the interruptions Optimization of the number of breakers and localization
that is why the minimized expenses include the customers’ completed with the help of genetic algorithm, in accordance
losses from the interruptions. with the loan term and properties of the network model, allows
Fig.9. represents the total losses of the distribution network, reducing the losses from interruptions from 1 % to 9 %.
customers and society for an optimal number of breakers for the The risks, losses, planning and advantages of the electric
loan period of 10years, 25 years and without the loan. supply network should be analyzed in accordance with
After the optimization of the number and localization of economic, environment, electric supply quality, probability of
breakers for the case of no loan the losses resulted from the interruptions, the risks of the changes in legislation, etc.
interruptions for the average network model are reduced for 2 Estimating the solutions of the electric supply reliability
%, for the model of rural area electric supply network – for 1%, improvement most of the attention should be turned to the
and for the urban area model – for 9%. selection of optimal number and localization of the sectioning
Total losses from interruptions for the loan period of 10 years elements that provides an immediate improvement of the
in the model of average network are reduced for 6 %, in the electric supply reliability.
model of rural area network – for 3 %, and in the model of urban Taking into account the total losses from the interruptions the
area – for 9 %. additional connection of power switches and /or breakers can
Total losses from interruptions for the loan period of 25 years be considered from the smart grids development and easy
in the model of average network are reduced for 8 %, in the maintenance point of view, but not from the losses decreasing
point of view. reliability, automatization, power system development,
The volume of the possible losses resulted from interruptions planning and control. He was leading various national and
can be variable with the increasing of electric energy international projects, author of many patents, books and
consumption and/or changing of the customer properties. publications.