STABILITY OF STRUCTURES In general, structures may be stable or unstable. Ifa structure is stable, it may be determinate or —— = Indeterminate. Internal Stabili Internally Stable Internally Unstable A structure is internally stable if it maintains its shape and remains a rigid body when all external supports are removed, Conversely, a structure is internally unstable iit cannot maintain its shape and may undergo large displacements when all external supports are removed, External Stability Conditions for Stable Structures: 1, Number of unknowns (external + internal) must be greater than or equal to the number of equilibrium conditions. 2. External reactions must not be parallel to each other, 3, External reactions must not be concurrent. a cu DETERMINACY OF STRUCTURES A structure is statically determinate i the number of equations equals the number of unknowns (external ‘internal. If the number of unknowns exceeds the ‘numberof equilibrium equations, the structure ‘becomes statically indeterminate, {80S reteamaiis eae Tea Internal Hinge ae 1 2 == 1 2 aie Se | ES] | 7 IMs0 camas ta, 2 == 1 Degree of indeterminacy (Specific Equations) Planar Case_|3D Case SE SUD FE Degree of indeterminacy (General Equation) I= number of unknowns ~ number of equations Structure Planar (2D) Case & 3D Case DI=R-3-C DI=R-6-C DI=R+3M-~ DI=R + 6M— 3J-C 6)-C DI = R+M-DI=R+M-3J 2 Where: DI degree of indeterminacy R= number of external reactions, ‘M= number of members J number of joints - (C= number of releases (or equations of condition) Dr=0 Sp, DELO Uwe. Ri PLya $6.5PROBLEMS Situation 1. May 2000 ~ For the structures shown in Figures AN-07, AN-08, & ‘AN-09, identify whether the structure is unstable, statically determinate, statically indeterminate to the first degree, and statically indeterminate to the second degree. BSH erareceee K = rome? DI=R-3-C DI=R-3-C DI=R-3-C DI=3-3-0 DI=3-3-0 DI=3-3-2 DI=0 DI=0 DI=-2 Statically Determinate, Unstable Unstable (Concurrent Reactions) a Alternative Solution for coplanar 3-force members (Beams and frames) Step 1: Draw free-body diagrams of alll its members ctive parts of its members, Ve Step 2: Compare the total number oF unknown reactive force and moment components with the total number of availableéquilidrium equations; Unk. Eq. Statically determinate r=3n Statically indeterminate > 3n a) > 3(2) OL) Unstable r<3n where > Te 1s = reactive forces (internal + external) St. 7 ES Deen n= no. of parts or free bodiesPROBLEMS Situation 1. May 2000 = For the structures shown in Figures AN-07, AN-08, & ‘AN-09, identify whether the structure is unstable, statically determinate, statically indeterminate to the first degree, and statically indeterminate to the second degree. It se ie Unk. Eq. Unk. Eq. Unk. Eq. 3 3(1) 3 3(1) 7 3(3) 323 3=3 oe Statically Determinate eenelr an oa Unstable Ri Situation 2. Nov 2002 - For the structures shown in Figure 03: 1. Which of the following best describes the classification of structin Unk. Eq. 5> 3) 5 45> Statically indeterminate to the 24 degree 2. Which of the following best describes the classification of structure (b). Unk. Eq. 1o> 33) 9 12 -4=! Statically indeterminate fo the 1 degree Ri3. Which of the following best describes the classification of structure (c) Unk. Eq. 2 9 = 3(3) = Statically Determinate Situation 3. Nov 2012 - Answer the following questions: 4. Determine the degree of indeterminacy of the structure in Figure 2.541A Unk. Eq. 6 > 3(1) Figure s2.sa1a Statically indeterminate to the 3¢ degree 5. Determine the degree of indeten AO Unk. Eq. 18 > 3(5) Oo Statically indeterminate to the 3% degree acy of the structure in Figure 2.5418.5. Determine the degree of indeterminacy of the structure in Figure 2.541B *Consider as 1 structure Unk. Eq. 6 >3(1) Figure S 2.5418 Statically indeterminate to the 3% degree 6. Determine the degree of indeterminacy of the structure in Figure 2.541C. Unk. Eq. 2 =, & 1 4 > 3(1) Figures 2541¢ Statically indeterminate tothe 1" degree Determine the degree of indeterminacy and stability of the following structures. n=2 — Ualeced a Rae 8 > 3(2) 1 T Indeterminate to the 2nd degree Structure is unstable! 3 3 Uw = I= 4 = 22) Unk. Eq. : 12 > 3(3) Indeterminate to the 3rd degree aeDetermine the degree of indeterminacy and stability of the following structures. Unk. Eq. C 2 ) 14 > 3(3) Statically indeterminate to the fifth degree Determinacy of pi | pin-connected members (russes) MO > Total number of unknowns = member forces (m) and external reactions (r) > Equations available for each joint: D2 0 Unk. Eq. Statically determinate = m+r= 2) Statically indeterminate m+r> 2j Unstable mtr< 2 Where. i = no. of jointsDetermine the degree of indeterminacy and stability of the following structures. 3 38>. r Eq. 2 14 > 3(3) Statically indeterminate to the fifth degree a Unk. Eq. 3413 = 2(8) Statically determinate wy De SI 7 The 4 Determine the degree of indeterminacy and stability of the following structures. Unk. Eq. jens 3414 > 2(8 Statically indeterminate to the first degree, 4: Choose a pair of pin and roller. Set them aside. Count the number of additional reactions on top of the pair. Count the number of redundant members Hint: For every cross-bracing, one of them is a redundant, DI Statically indeterminate to the fifth a:Determine the degree of indeterminacy and stability of the following structures. DI=4 Statically indeterminate to the fourth degree f eK, + ‘These members will move out ofthe 2D plane The Structure is Unstable! Determine the degree of indeterminacy and stability of the following structures. STmBE vy Unk. Eq. 54#19 = 2(12) Both are Determinate Structures! Unk. Eq. 6+10 = 2(8) : Ri ‘SvatDetermine the degree of indeterminacy and stability of the following structures. Reactions are Concurrent Structure is Unstable! L— No Cross Bracing! Structure ts Unstable! * Put bracing to be stable. 3 3 Unk. Eq. O a k ial DI=3 = 3(1 oo 3 3 3 Eq. 3 3 Unk. 7 sears 15 > 3(3) eg neuen 3 3 3 3 For 20 Frames: Unk. Eq. DI =@(No. of Loops) 21 > 3(4) | DI=9= 3(3) ec vase ame3D FRAMES Available eas. per free body (6) Number of Vertical Loops «11 DI = 66 0 DI=R+6M—6]-©) DI = 6(6) + 6(21) — 6(16) — 0 DI=66