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SDLC - Overview

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SDLC - Overview

Idk

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eurekaripfumelo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SDLC - Overview

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Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a


process used by the software industry to design,
develop and test high quality softwares. The SDLC
aims to produce a high-quality software that meets
or exceeds customer expectations, reaches
completion within times and cost estimates.

SDLC is the acronym of Software Development


Life Cycle.

It is also called as Software Development


Process.

SDLC is a framework defining tasks performed


at each step in the software development
process.

ISO/IEC 12207 is an international standard for


software life-cycle processes. It aims to be the
standard that defines all the tasks required for
developing and maintaining software.

What is SDLC?
SDLC is a process followed for a software project,
within a software organization. It consists of a
detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain,
replace and alter or enhance specific software. The
life cycle defines a methodology for improving the
quality of software and the overall development
process.

The following figure is a graphical representation of


the various stages of a typical SDLC.

A typical Software Development Life Cycle consists


of the following stages −

Stage 1: Planning and Requirement


Analysis
Requirement analysis is the most important and
fundamental stage in SDLC. It is performed by the
senior members of the team with inputs from the
customer, the sales department, market surveys and
domain experts in the industry. This information is
then used to plan the basic project approach and to
conduct product feasibility study in the economical,
operational and technical areas.

Planning for the quality assurance requirements and


identification of the risks associated with the project
is also done in the planning stage. The outcome of
the technical feasibility study is to define the various
technical approaches that can be followed to
implement the project successfully with minimum
risks.

Stage 2: Defining Requirements


Once the requirement analysis is done the next step
is to clearly define and document the product
requirements and get them approved from the
customer or the market analysts. This is done
through an SRS (Software Requirement
Specification) document which consists of all the
product requirements to be designed and developed
during the project life cycle.

Stage 3: Designing the Product


Architecture
SRS is the reference for product architects to come
out with the best architecture for the product to be
developed. Based on the requirements specified in
SRS, usually more than one design approach for the
product architecture is proposed and documented in
a DDS - Design Document Specification.

This DDS is reviewed by all the important


stakeholders and based on various parameters as
risk assessment, product robustness, design
modularity, budget and time constraints, the best
design approach is selected for the product.

A design approach clearly defines all the


architectural modules of the product along with its
communication and data flow representation with the
external and third party modules (if any). The internal
design of all the modules of the proposed
architecture should be clearly defined with the
minutest of the details in DDS.

Stage 4: Building or Developing the


Product
In this stage of SDLC the actual development starts
and the product is built. The programming code is
generated as per DDS during this stage. If the
design is performed in a detailed and organized
manner, code generation can be accomplished
without much hassle.

Developers must follow the coding guidelines


defined by their organization and programming tools
like compilers, interpreters, debuggers, etc. are used
to generate the code. Different high level
programming languages such as C, C++, Pascal,
Java and PHP are used for coding. The
programming language is chosen with respect to the
type of software being developed.

Stage 5: Testing the Product


This stage is usually a subset of all the stages as in
the modern SDLC models, the testing activities are
mostly involved in all the stages of SDLC. However,
this stage refers to the testing only stage of the
product where product defects are reported, tracked,
fixed and retested, until the product reaches the
quality standards defined in the SRS.

Stage 6: Deployment in the Market and


Maintenance
Once the product is tested and ready to be deployed
it is released formally in the appropriate market.
Sometimes product deployment happens in stages
as per the business strategy of that organization.
The product may first be released in a limited
segment and tested in the real business environment
(UAT- User acceptance testing).

Then based on the feedback, the product may be


released as it is or with suggested enhancements in
the targeting market segment. After the product is
released in the market, its maintenance is done for
the existing customer base.

SDLC Models
There are various software development life cycle
models defined and designed which are followed
during the software development process. These
models are also referred as Software Development
Process Models". Each process model follows a
Series of steps unique to its type to ensure success
in the process of software development.

Following are the most important and popular SDLC


models followed in the industry −

Waterfall Model
Iterative Model
Spiral Model
V-Model
Big Bang Model

Other related methodologies are Agile Model, RAD


Model, Rapid Application Development and
Prototyping Models.

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