Relative Motion

SOLUTIONS OF REALTIVE MOTION

EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
 
A-1. V A  15m / sec ˆj VB  25m / sec(– ˆj)

 
(a) VB – V A  –40ˆj i.e., 40 m/sec due south = 144 km/hr due south


(b) 0 – VB = 25 m/sec ĵ i.e., 25 m/sec due north = 90 km/hr due north


18  5 ˆ
(c) VM.G  15ˆj – j  10ˆj i.e., 10 m/sec due north. = 36 km/hr due north
18

(d) VM.B  10ˆj – ( 25)jˆ  35ˆj i.e., 35 m/sec due north. = 126 km/hr due north

A-2. d = r t where r is the relative velocity

3 0.075 km
 120 + 3v = 270 3v = 150 v = 50
60  60 40  v h

A-3. Relative velocity of A with respect to B

v AB  v A  vB = 10 – 5 = 5 m/s
So time taken by A to meet B is –
100 100
t= = = 20 sec.
v AB 5
A-4. vr = 25 – 15 = 10m/s and ar = –1m/s2 so by v 2 = u2 + 2as
100
S=  50m
2 1

B-1. v A  4iˆ , vB  3ˆj

v AB  v A  VB = 4 î – (–3 ĵ ) = 4 î + 3 ĵ
vBA  vB  VA = – 3 ĵ – 4 î
v AB = 42  32 = 5 unit

vBA  32  42 = 5 unit.

 
B-2. V  12iˆ  5ˆj | V | = 122  52 = 13 m/sec
5
tan  = north of east
12

B-3. (a) VG,B = 0 – 20 = – 20 m/sec i.e., due east

 
(b) VA = 15 m/sec VB = 20 m/sec | V A – VB |  202  152

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ADVRL - 1
Relative Motion
B-4.

 
VM – V C = 5 sin 30 î + 5 cos 30º ĵ – 10 î V = 5 3 ˆj – 7.5iˆ
MC
2
  25  3 225
Speed = | VM – V C |   = 5 3 km/hr Ans
4 4
5 3
1
tan  = 2  ; direction  = 30º North of west. Ans
7.5 3

B-5. Vship = 2 ˆj  1iˆ  1kˆ = ˆi  2 ˆj  kˆ

C-1. VS + Vr = 16 VS – Vr = 8
 VS = 12km/hr  Vr = 4 km/hr

d 1
C-2. (I) (a)  hr
mR 4
3
(b) Displacement along the river flow = rt = km
4
C-3. Given Vr = 5 m/min
Vmr = 10 m/min
 Vr
Vr


Vmr 
(

Vr 5 1
sin  = = =
Vmr 10 2
1
sin  =   = 30° (west of north)
2

D-1.

tan  = 6/2 = 3  = tan–1 3

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Relative Motion
D-2. VRM = VR – VM
VR = VRb + Vb = 20 ĵ + 10 î
10 1
tan = =
20 2

|Vr | = (20)2  (10)2 = 10 5 m/s

Making angle tan–1 1/2 with vertical.

D-3. Vm  2 î

V r  x ˆi  y ˆj

r,m  (x – 2)iˆ  y ˆj  y ˆj
 x = 2 m/sec

v  4iˆ
'
m
  
'r, m  r  'm
= ( x – 4)iˆ  y ˆj = –2iˆ  y ˆj
tan 45º = y/2
y = 2

so r  2iˆ  2jˆ so tan  = 1   = 45º
r = 2 2 m/sec.

E-1. Relative velocity is shown

rmin = 5 sin37º = 3m.

E-2.

Approach velocity of A towards B = v

So, time taken = a/v.

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Relative Motion
PART - II
A-1. Acceleration of shell with respect to plane = g + a (downward)
and speed = 700 – 500 = 200 (upward)
To just escape from being hit
u2  v rel
2
(200)2  (0)2
h > rel  1000 >
2(g  a) 2(g  a)
g + a > 20  a > 10 m/s 2

A-2. 1 = 50 – gT 2 = – 50 – gT vr = 1 – 2 = 100 m/sec

A-3. 1 = slope of C1 line = constant

2 = slope of C2 line = constant
1 – 2  0 but constant

A-4. Slope of  – t graph = acceleration

1 = a1 (t –t0) = tan 1t – tan 1t0

2 = a2 (t – t0) = tan 2t – tan 2 t0
r = 1 – 2 = (tan 1 – tan 2) t – t0 (tan 1 – tan 2)
So vr contineously increases.

A-5. Initial relative velocity

ur = 50 – (– 50) = 100
ar = 20 – (20) = 0
sr = rt + 1/2 art2
100 = 100 t t = 1 hr
sA = 50 (1) + 1/2 (20) (1)2 = 60 km.

A-6. W E

VA = – 500 î  VGA  VA = VGAS

VGA = 1500 î  1500 î – 500 î = 1000 î

B-1.


Vr  50(– ˆj) – 50iˆ = 50(–iˆ – ˆj)
i.e., in south west

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ADVRL - 4
Relative Motion
B-2. V12 = V1  V2
| V12 | = V12  V22  2V1V2 cos 
If cos  = – 1
| V12 |max = V12  V22  2V1V2
| V12 |max = (V1 + V2)
So | V12 | is maximum when cos  = – 1 and  = 
B-3.


V1  10iˆ
   3ˆ
V 2  v sin30iˆ  v cos30ˆj  ˆi  j
2 2
 
   3ˆ  3ˆ
V 2 – V1   – 10  ˆi  j j
2  2 2
 /2 – 10 = 0 or  = 20

C-1. 15 min = 1/4 hr.

d 1 1 1 1
t=  = = =
Vy 4 V2
MR V 2
R
4 5  VR2
2

 VR = 3 km/h
C-2. Vboat, river = 9 km/hr.
Vriver, ground = 12 km/hr.
Vboat, ground = (12iˆ  9ˆj) km/hr
Vboat, ground = 122  92 = 15 km/hr.

C-3. Vb = 52  42 = 3 m/s
480
t= = 160 s
3

C-4. Let velocity of wind be

(240 + v1) 1/2 = 150  v1 = 60
and v 2 × 1/2 = 40  v2 = 80
so v air = v12  v 22 = 100 km/hr
v1
tan  =  = 37º west of south
v2
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ADVRL - 5
Relative Motion
D-1.
V R
M

VR= 3km/h

VM= 4km/h
VRH = VR2  VM2 = 32  42 = 5 km/h Ans.

D-2. V r  y j

m  5iˆ
 
Vr  Vm  ( 5) î   y ĵ
tan  = 1 = y/5
so y = 5 km/hr

D-3. V r  10ˆj

V c   ˆi
 
Vr – V c  10ˆj – ˆi
 
| Vr – V c |  102  2 = 20
  10 3
D-4. For no drift :
Vsin
V V Vsin
 
A Vcos Vcos B

wind
V sin = 

sin =   t = tAB + tBA
V
2 2 2
t= =  t=
V cos  2
V  2
2
V 1
V2

rB  rA V  VA
E-1. A and B collide if =  B
| rB  rA | | VB  VA |
4iˆ  4ˆj (x – 3)iˆ – 4ˆj
= =±
4 2 | [(x – 3)2  42 ]1/ 2 |
By comparison
x–3=–4  x = –1.
ALTERNATE:
rAB = – 4 î – 4 ĵ
v AB = (3 – x) î + 4 ĵ
to collide angle between rAB & v AB should be  i.e.
–4 –4
= = –1  x=–1
3–x 4

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Relative Motion
E-2.
Velocity of B w.r.t. A

rmin
v2
d

v1

tan = v1/v2
v1
rmin = d sin= d . .
v  v 22
2
1

PART - III
1. In all cases, angle between velocity and net force (in the frame of observer) is in between 0° and 180°
(excluding both values, in that path is straight line).

2. (A) VBA = 10 + 10 = 20
so distance b/w B and A in 2sec. = 2 × 20 = 40 m

(B)
VBA = 5iˆ – 10ˆj
 | VBA| = 25  100 = 5 5
Distance between A and B in 2 sec. = 10 5 m

(C) VBA :- so | VBA | = 8 5

so distance between A and B in 2 sec. = 2 × 8 5 = 16 5

(D) VBA : -

so | VBA | = 20
so distance between A and B in 2 sec. = 2 × 20 = 40 m.

EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
1. Relative velocity between either car (1st or 2nd) and 3rd car = u + 30
where u = velocity of 3rd car
Relative Displacement = 5 km
Time interval = 4 min.
5 5  60
 u + 30 = km/min = km/h = 75  u = 45 km/h
4 4

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ADVRL - 7
Relative Motion
Srel 1000
2. Vrel = = = 10 m/s.
t 100
 VS – VB = 10  VS = 10 + VB = 10 + 10 = 20 m/s. Ans.
3. Relative to lift initial velocity and acceleration of coin are 0 m/s and 1 m/s2 upwards

1
 8= (1) t2 or t = 4 second
2
4.

25 160
30 km/h = m/s, 192 km/hr = m/s
3 3
Muzzle speed = velocity of bullet w.r.t. revolver
= velocity of bullet w.r.t. van
150 = Vb – Vv
25 475
150 = Vb –  Vb = m/s w.r.t. ground
3 3
Now speed with which bullet hit thief's car
= velocity of bullet w.r.t car = Vbc = Vb – Vc
475 160 315
=  = = 105 m/s Ans.
3 3 3
5. Flag will flutter in the direction of wind with respect to bus.

and V WB = V W – V B = V W + (– V B ) (Addition of two vector always lies between them)

(– V B ) must lie in any direction between north & west. So bus will be moving in any direction between
south east. (C)

6. Let ˆi and ˆj be unit vectors in direction of east and north respectively.

ˆ
 VDC  20ˆj , VBC  20i and VBA  20ˆj
ˆ
 VDA  VDC  VCB  VBA = 20ˆj  20iˆ  20ˆj = 20i
 VDA  20iˆ

7. Position of P and Q when they are at distance 120 m at time t after motion start

Velocity of Q along y-direction is initially 12cos37º.

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ADVRL - 8
Relative Motion
Later on it increases it to 15cos37º = 12 m/s
Earlier Q was travelling with less velocity along y direction. So, it will reach point O later.
So P reaches first at point O

8. Let v = man’s speed in still water and

u = speed of river water

d d2
  t=  v2 – u2 =
v 2  u2 t2
d d2 (v  u)2 t2
 T=  (v + u)2 =  =  2 
v u T2 v u
2 2
T
v u t2
  = 2
v u T

(v  u)  (v  u) t 2  T 2 v t2  T2
 =  =
(v  u)  (v  u) t 2  T 2 u t2  T2

9. In absence of wind A reaches to C and in presence of wind it reaches to D in same time so wind must
deflect from C to D so wind blow in the direction of CD

VAG  VAW  VWG  VAG t  VAW t  VWG t

AC = VAW t
CD = VWG t

10. VR/G(x) = 0, VR/G(y) = 10 m/s

Let, velocity of man = v
12 cm

16 cm

16 4
tan  = =
12 3
Then, vR/man = v (opposite to man)
For the required condition :
VR / M( y ) 10 4 10  3
tan  = = =  V= = 7.5 Ans.
VR / M( x ) v 3 4

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Relative Motion
2(5)
11. T  1sec
10
h = 50 + 3(1) = 53m

PART - II
1. Let u = speed of observer.
Relative velocity between observer and a man = u + 15 km/h.
Relative velocity between observer and a cyclist = u + 25 km/h.

Hence, to for a man and a cyclist to meet simultaneously

20m 30m
=  u = 5 km/h
(u  15)km / h (u  25) km / h

2.

2L 2L
t1 = 3 =  v1 + v2 = ...........(i)
v1  v 2 3
2L 4L
t2 = 2.5 = 1.5 v1 + v2 = ...........(ii)
1.5v1  v 2 5
by (i) and (ii)
4L 2L
v1 = ; v2 =
15 5
2L 2L
Now, t3 = = = 15 sec.
| v1  v 2 | 2L /15

d
3. B catches C in time t then t =
u  10
Seperation by this time has increased by 'd' between A and C hence
d
(10 – 5) × =d
(u  10)
u = 15 m/s

4.

w.r.t. man
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Relative Motion
5. Vm,g = Vm,r + Vr,g
As resulting velocity Vm,g is at 45° with river flow

i.e. Vr,g – Vm, r sin  = Vm,g cos45° ...........(1)

60m
and = 6 sec. ...........(2)
Vmr cos 
Solving (1) & (2)
Vm, r = 5 5 m/s

6.

Velocity of plane w.r.t ground is along AB so perpendicular component (to line AB) of velocity is zero.
v sin = 20 sin30°
v sin = 20 sin30°
10 1
sin = =
150 15
 1
 = sin–1  
 15 

7. Let v = actual velocity of rain and  = its angle with vertical :

In fig. (A)
v sin = 7 + v cos. tan 37° = 7 + 3/4 v cos
  4 v sin – 3 v cos= 28 ..............(1)
In fig. (B)
25 = v sin + v cos. tan 37° = v sin + 3/4 v cos
 4 v sin + 3 v cos= 100 ..............(2)
Solving (1) and (2)
v = 20m/s and = 53°

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ADVRL - 11
Relative Motion
8. At any time t, rain will appear to the boy as shown in picture.
tan = at/v

v rb = velocity of rain w.r.t. boy

Boy should hold his umbrella at an angle  from the vertical
at d a
 tan = sec2 =
v dt v
d a a a av 2 2 1
 = = = = 2 = =
dt v sec 
2
v[1  tan  ]
2
 a t  v a t
2 2 2 2
4  4t 2
1  t2
v 1  2 
 v 
d 1 d 1
= Ans. =
dt 1  t 2 dt 1  t2

9.

a = side of square = 8m
They meet when Q displace 8 × 3 m more than P
 Relative displacement = Relative velocity × time.
8 × 3 = (10 – 2) t  t = 3 sec Ans. 3 sec

3 15
10. The positions of the persons at 12:00 PM will be as shown in figure. Such that OC = 5 × km = km
2 2
Velocity of man at C with respect to man at O will be along CE such that tan = 5/5 = 1 
   = 45°
15
 Least distance = OE = OC sin 45° = km Ans.
2 2

CE 15 3
Time taken = = = hr.
5 2 2 2 5 2 4
So, the person will be closest at 12:45 PM Ans.

11.
dx
Velocity of approach of P and O is  = v cos 60° = 5 m/s
dt
It can be seen that velocity of approach is always constant.
100
 P reaches O after = = 20 sec.
5
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ADVRL - 12
Relative Motion
PART - III
1. Relative Intial velocities
ur = 20 – (0) = 20 m/s
Relative acceleration
ar = 0
Relative velocity between them after time
vr = ur + ar .t
= 20m/s
= constant 
  (A) is correct 
  Since they are thrown from same height
 Speed is same after reaching ground
 Same KE when they hit the ground
 (B) is correct
The time taken by the first stone to come to same height from where it was thrown.
2u 2  20
=
g 10
 Time interval between two stone when both are at A and going downwards = 4 – 2 = 2s.
Since, relative velocity is Constant between them. So time interval between their hitting the
ground = 2 s.
 (C) is correct
Option (D) is obvious from conservation of energy.

2. For first case (when lift is ascending with an acceleration a)

2v
t1 = ...........(i)
ga
for second case (when lift is descending with an acceleration a )
2v
t2 = ...........(ii)
ga
on solving equation (i) and (ii) we get
gt t t t 
V= 12 & a=g  2 1
t1  t 2  t1  t 2 

3.

vBA = vB – v A
= [4iˆ  3ˆj]  [3iˆ  4ˆj] = ˆi  7ˆj
vapp = 4 cos45º + 3 cos45º + 3 cos45º – 4 cos45º
= 6 cos45º
= 3 2 m/s

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ADVRL - 13
Relative Motion
4. uT = 15 m/s (velocity of truck)

Range = 60 m
Range = distance travelled by truck uT × T
60 = 15 × T  T = 4s = Time of flight (of ball)
2uy
T= where uy = Vertical component of ball's vel. {wrt ground}
g
Tg 4  10
 = uy i.e, uy = = 20 m/s
2 2
Now vel. of truck = ux = horizontal component of ball's vel. (wrt ground)
 ux = 15 m/s (wrt ground)
This is because both cover same horizontal distance in same time with constant velocity along
horizontal.
Now, velocity, of vall wrt track = VBT Then VBTx = VBx – VTx
i.e., velocity ball wrt truck (along x axis) = velocity of ball (wrt earth, along x axis) – velocity of truck
(along x axis)
 VBT x = 15 – 15 = 0
Similarly, VBT y = VBy – VTy = 20 – 0
VBTy = 20 m/s.
  
 V BT = V BTx + V BTy = 0 + 20 m/s ĵ
 velocity of ball wrt truck = 20 m/s upwards
   
velocity of ball, V = V x + V y V = 15 î + 20 ĵ

tan = 4/3  = 53º


 Speed = | V | = 15  202 = 5 32  42 = 25 m/s
2

i.e., vel. of ball (wrt ground) = 25 m/s at an angle of 53º with the horizontal (as shown)

5. Speed of river is u and speed of boat relative to water is v.

Speed of boat A observed from ground = u2  v 2

Speed of boat B observed from ground = v 2  u2
From river frame, speed of boat A and B will be same.

6. (A) Absolute velocity of ball = 40 m/s (upwards)

(40)2
hmax = hi = f f = 10 +
2  10
h = 90 m
(30)2
(B) Maximum height from lift = = 45 m
2  10
(C) The ball unless meet the elevator again when displacement of ball = displacement of lift
40 t – 1/2 × 10 × t2 = 10 × t  t = 6s.
(D) with respect to elevator Vball = 30 m/s downward  Vball with respect to ground = 30 – 10 = 20 m/s
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ADVRL - 14
Relative Motion
PART - IV
1. Displacement of car relative to truck
xr = 40 + 17 + 3 + 40 = 100 m.

Initilly
Relative initial velocity between car and truck
ur = 20 – 20 = 0

Finally
Relative acceleration between car and truck
ar = 0.5 – 0 = 0.5 m/s2
Let required time = t .
 II equation of motion
xr = ur .t + 1/2 ar.t2
 100 = 0 + 1/2 × 0.5 × t2
 t = 20 sec.

2. Distance travelled by car

xc = ut +1/2 at2
= 20 × 20 + 1/2 × 0.5 × 202 = 500m
3. Final speed of the car
= u + at
= 20 + 0.5 × 20 = 30m/s.

4 & 5. The path of a projectile as observed by other projectile is a straight line.

VA = u cos î + (usin – gt) ĵ . VAB = (2u cos) î
VB = – u cos î + (u sin– gt) ĵ .
aBA = g – g = 0
U0sin

U0cos

U0 U0sin
U0cos 
VBA
U0cos B
U0sin
The vertical component u0 sin will get cancelled. The relative velocity will only be horizontal which is
equal to 2u0 cos.
Hence, B will travel horizontally towards left with respect to A with constant speed 2u0 cos and
minimum distance will be h.
S
6. Time to attain this separation will be rel  .
Vrel 2u0 cos 

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ADVRL - 15
Relative Motion
7 to 9. In the first case :
From the figure it is clear that
VRM is 10 m/s downwards and
VM is 10 m/s towards right.
VM

45° 10 2 m/s

VRM VR

VM
In the second case :
Velocity of rain as observed by man becomes times in magnitude.
 New velocity of rain
VR'  VR'M  VM
10
 The angle rain makes with vertical is tan  =
10 3
or  = 30°
 Change in angle of rain = 45 – 30 = 15°.

EXERCISE # 3
PART - I
1.

For relative motion perpendicular to line of motion of A

VA = 100 3 = VB Cos 30º
 VB = 100 m/s
50 500
t0 =   5sec Ans.
VB sin30º 1
200 
2

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ADVRL - 16
Relative Motion
PART - II
1.

–240 = 10 t – 1/2 × 10t2

5t2 – 10t – 240 = 0
t2 – 2t – 48 = 0
t2 – 8t + 6t – 48 = 0
t = 8, –6
The first particle will strike ground at 8 seconds upto 8 second, relative velocity is 30 m/s and relative
acceleration is zero. After 8 second magnitude of relative velocity will increase upto 12 seconds when
second particle strikes the ground.

2. Vr  40iˆ  50jˆ
r  80iˆ  150ˆj
r

Vr .rr 10700 107

tmin = 2
  = 2.6 sec.
Vr 4100 41

3. X1 = – 3t2 + 8t + 10

v 1  (6t  8)î = 2 î
Y2 = 5 – 8t3

v 2  24t 2 ĵ
 
v  | v 2  v 1 |  | 24 ĵ  2î |
v  242  22
v = 580

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ADVRL - 17
Relative Motion
HIGH LEVEL PROBLEMS (HLP)
1. Method - 1
If the river is still, the man will be at a distance 3 meters from origin O after 1 second. The locus of all
the point where man can reach at t = 1 second is a semicircle of radius 3 and centre at O (dotted
semicircle shown in figure).
The river flows to right with a speed 1 m/s. Hence there shall be additional shift in position by
1 m/s × 1 sec = 1m towards right. Hence the locus of all points giving possible position after one second
will be the dotted semicircle shifted to right by 1 m as shown in figure.

Hence locus all the points where the man can be at t = 1 sec. is a semicircle of radius 3 and centre at
O (1 m, 0 m)
 Equation of locus of all the points is
(x – 1)2 + (y – 0)2 = 32
or (x – 1)2 + y2 = 9
Method - 2
Let the relative velocity of the man make angle ‘’ with the x-axis.
Then at time ‘t’ :
x = (3 cos + 1) t
and y = 3 sint
 (x – t)2 + y2 = (3 cos)2 t2 + (3 sin)2 t2
(x – t)2 + y2 = 9t2
at t = 1 sec. the required equation is (x – 1)2 + y2 = 9.

2. (a)

Velocity of approach along line joing them

= u – Vr sin+ u + Vr sin = 2u
D
So time t = Ans.
2u
(b) For path to be at right angle to each other, their velocity vector with respect to ground
must be right angle. Taking axis system as shown

VA = (u sin  + vr) ˆi  ucos ˆj

VB = (vr – u sin ) ˆi  ucos ˆj
For VA & VB to perpendicular VA . VB = 0
(u sin  + vr) (vr – usin ) – u2cos2 = 0
 vr = u
Speed of river should be equal to the speed of the swimmer relative to river. Ans.
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ADVRL - 18
Relative Motion
3. Let particle A is moving with uniform velocity and particle B is moving with constant acceleration.

At any time, velocity of B with respect to A is

VBA = VBG  VAG = (a)t  u
VBA = VBA = u2  a2 t 2  2uat cos 
For relative velocity to be least
dv BA ucos 
=0  2a2t – 2uacos = 0  t=
dt a
(VBA) least = u2  u2 cos2   2u2 cos2 
(VBA) least = u sin 
ucos 
At time t =
a
distance between the two particles
2
 1 2
x2  y2 =  ucos t  2 at   (usin t)
2
sBA =
 
2 2
 u2 cos2  u2 cos2    u2 sin  cos  
=     
 a 2a   a 
u4 cos4  u4 sin2  cos 2  u2 cos 
=  = cos2   4sin2 
4a2 a2 2a
u2 cos 
sBA = 1  3sin2 
2a
Alternative Method :

(VBA)least = u sin 
relative velocity of B w.r.t. A is least at time t which is given by
u cos  = at
ucos 
t=
a
for distance between A and B at the time t
By cosine formula

2
1  1 
s= u2 t 2   at 2   2(ut)  at 2  cos 
 2   2 
u2 cos  ucos 
= 1  3sin2  using t =
2a a
u2 cos 
Ans. (a) (vrel)least = u sin (b) separation = 1  3sin2 
2a

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ADVRL - 19
Relative Motion
4. In the frame of train, the distance between A and B remains constant which is equal to  = 350. Hence,
in the frame of train the distance between two events is equal to AB =  = 350 m.

Distance between these points with respect to ground

d =  + x1 – x2
1 2 1
=+ t – (t + )2
2 2
 
=  –   t   ~ 240 m
 2
Time between these two events =  = 60 sec.
240
Velocity of frame V = = 4 m/s.
60

5. (a) Relative velocity along AB  u + v

BC  v 2  u2
CD v – u
DA  v 2  u2     
 time taken

a a a a
t = + + +
v u v u
2 2 v u v  u2
2

2a  1 1 
= + a  
v u
2 2
 v u v u
2a  v u v u
= +a  
v u
2 2
 v 2  u2 
2a 2av
= +
v u
2 2 v  u2
2

 v 2  u2  v 
= 2a  
 v  u
2 2

 v  v 2  u2 
t = 2a  
 v  u
2 2

2a  v  v 2  u2 
t = 2
v  u2  

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ADVRL - 20
Relative Motion
(b) Along AB
Let w1 is the resultant velocity

u
w1 = + v cos
2
u u u2
= + v 1  sin2  = + v 1
2 2 2v 2

Similarly, we can show that

Along BC Resultant velocity

u2 u
w2 = v 1  2
–
2v 2
Along CD Resultant velocity
u2 u
w3 = v 1  2
–
2v 2
Along DA Resultant velocity
u u2
w4 = + v 1
2 2v 2
 Total time taken :-
a a a a
t = + + +
w1 w2 w3 w4
2a 2a 2 2a 2v 2  u2
= + =
u u2 u2 u v 2  u2
 v 1 v 1 
2 2v 2 2v 2 2

6. Let man swim at angle  with the line AB than it’s velocity with respect to ground any time t is as shown.

along y-axis
Vy = V cos = 5 cos 

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ADVRL - 21
Relative Motion
d
So time taken to cross the river t = ....(i)
5cos 
and velocity along x-axis
dx t
Vx = u – Vsin  = – 5 sin
dt 2
t 
x t

0 dx = 0  2  5sin   dt
t2
x= – 5t sin
4
For complete motion x = 0
t2
 – 5 t sin = 0  t = 20 sin  ....(ii)
4
by eq (i) and (ii)
100 cos sin = d = 48 m
24  24 
sin 2 =  2 = sin–1  
25  25 
2 = 74º   = 37º
2 = 106º   = 53º
from eq (ii) (ii)
for  = 37º  t = 12 sec
for  = 53º  t = 16 sec
also y-coordinate of man
y = 5t cos ....(iii)
y2
x= – y tan 
100cos2 
y2 3y
by eq (ii) and (iii) x= –
64 4

7. Velocity of helicopter and child is as shown

80
3

Now velocity of helicopter with respect to child

80
sin  – 4
600 3
tan  = 3 =  tan  =   = 37º
80 16 800 4
cos  –
3 3
80 16 80 16
Now horizontal velocity = cos  – = cos37º – = 16 m/s
3 3 3 3
800
So time taken = = 50 sec.
16
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ADVRL - 22
Relative Motion
8. t=0

Vbt  20


Vtg  10

  
v bg = v bt + v tg

v bt = 20 cos 37o î + 20 sin 37o ĵ
4 3
= 20 × î + 20 × ĵ = 16 î + 12 ĵ
5 5

v tg = 10 î

 v bg = 26 î + 12 ĵ
At t = 0 xb = 0 xt = 0
Let they meet after time t
Xb(t) – Xb(0) = 26 t
1 2
Xtrain(t) – Xtrain(o) = 10t + at
2
2.v y
Let The ball return to train after time t  t=
g
2  12 12
t= = s
10 5
1 2
Xb(t) = Xtrain (t)  26.t =10 t + at
2
1
16 = at
2
32 40
= a= m/s2
t 3
Vtrain(t) = 10 + at.
40 12
Vtrain (t) = 10 + × = 10 + 32 = 42 m/s
3 5
9. Let after time t, A is at P and B is at Q. Let T = Total time. Their velocities after time t
VA = at ....(1)
VB = bt ....(2)
Let distance PQ = x.
Velocity of approch along PQ
= VB – VA cos
dx
  = VB – VA cos = bt – at cos
dt

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ADVRL - 23
Relative Motion


0 T
    dx =  (bt  at cos )dt
0
2 T
bT
 = – a  t cos  dt ....(3)
2 0
For motion along x-axis :
T
1
0 VB cos  dt = 2 aT2
T
1 2
 bt cos  dt =
0 2
aT
T
1 aT 2
   t cos  dt = .....(4)
0 2 b
Put into (3) :
bT 2 1 aT 2
= –a×
2 2 b
b
 T=
b  a2 2

Now, distance travelled by B

T T
1 2
s=  VB dt =  bt dt =
0 0 2
bT

1 2 b b
 s = b. 2 = 2 Ans.
2 b  a2 b  a2

10. v = velocity of swimmer in still mater = 2.5 km/hr.

u = velocity of stream = 2 km/hr.
For Swimmer 1
Time taken to reach point B
d
t = ................ (1)
v  u2
2

For Swimmer 2
at v0 = velocity of walking along shore
Time to reach C
d
t1 =
v
Time taken in coming from C to B
u
d
ud
t2 = v =
v0 v v0
 Total time
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ADVRL - 24
Relative Motion
t = t 1 + t2
d ud
= + ........... (2)
v v v0
From (1) and (2)
d d ud
= +
v u
2 2 v v v0
 v 2  u2 
 v0 =   ×u
 v  v 2  u2 
 
Putting u = 2 and v = 2.5 km/hr ; v = 2.52.5 km/hr
 v0 = 3 km/hr.

11. We have
v  v0  v ' ...(1)
From the vector diagram [of equation (1)] and using properties of triangle
v’2 = v 02 + v2 – 2v0v cos( – )
or, v’ = v 02  v 2  2v 0 v cos  = 40 km/hr ...(2)
v' v v sin 
and  or, sin =
sin(   ) sin  v'
 v sin  
or  = sin–1  
 v' 
Using (2) and putting the values of v and d
 = 19°

12.

As given
(VA–VB) xA–xB
(VA–VB) = K(xA–xB)
when xA–xB = 10 We have VA–VB = 10
We get
10 = K10  K=1
 VA–VB = (xA–xB) .........(1)
Now Let
xA – xB = y .........(2)
On differentiating with respect to ‘t’ on both side.
dx dx dy
 A  B =
dt dt dt
Using (1) and (2)
d(x A – xB )
= xA – xB
dt
d(x A – xB )
= dt
x A – xB
20
  n(x A – xB )10 = t
t = (loge2) sec Required Answer.

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ADVRL - 25
Relative Motion
13. (a)
Accelerations of particle and block are shown in figure.
Acceleration of particle with respect to block
= acceleration of particle – acceleration of block
= (g sin  î + g cos  ĵ ) – ( g sin  î  = g cos  ĵ 
Now motion of particle with respect to block
will be a projectile as shown.
The only difference is, g will be replaced by g cos 
u2 sin2
 PQ = Range (R) =
gcos 
u2 sin2
PQ = Ans.
gcos 
(b) Horizontal displacement of particle with respect to ground is zero. This implies that initial velocity of
particle with respect to ground is only vertical, or there is no horizontal component of the absolute
velocity of the particle.
Let v be the velocity of the block down the plane.
Velocity of particle with respect to block = u cos ( +  ) î + u sin ( + ) ĵ
Velocity of block = – v cos  î – v sin  ĵ  
Velocity of particle with respect to ground = { u cos ( +  ) – v cos } + {u sin ( +  ) – v sin } ĵ
Now as we said earlier with that horizontal component of absolute velocity should be zero.
Therefore,
u cos (  +  ) – v cos  = 0
ucos(  )
or v  ( down the plane )
cos 
ucos(  )
v Ans.
cos 

14. At t = 0, raft (a float of timber) and motor boat are at point A. The velocity of raft is equal to velocity of
stream.
At t =  = 60 min, the motor boat is at point P and raft is at point B.
 The time taken by raft to reach from A to B = the time taken by motor boat to reach at P from A.
At t =  + t0, both meet at point C,
So, the time taken by raft to reach at C from B is equal to the time taken by the motor boat to reach at C
from P in upstream motion. This time is equal to t0.

Let
vA = actual velocity of motor boat,
vB = actual velocity of stream = velocity of raft
 During down stream,
vc = relative velocity of motor with respect to stream.
 v0 = vA – vB
 vA = v0 + vB
AP AP
 = =
vA v 0  vB
But AB = distance travelled by raft in time  = vB
During upstream,
v0 = vA + vB
 vA = v0 – vB
 PC = distance travelled by motor boat in upstream in time t0 = (v0 – v B) t0
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ADVRL - 26
Relative Motion
BC = distance travelled by raft in time t0 = vBt0
According to fig.
 AP – PC = AC = 
or (v 0 + vB)  – (v0 – vB) t0 = 
or v0t +vB t – v0t0 + vBt0 =    ..........(i)
Also,  AB + BC = 
or vBt + vBt0 = 

or vB = ..........(ii)
  t0
From equation (i) and (ii) we get
v0t +vBt – v0t0 + vBt0 = 

or v0    – v0 t0  t0 
  t0 t0  
or v02 +  – v0t02 + t0 =  ( + t0)
or v02 – v0t02 =  ( + t0) –  – t0
or  = t0
From (i) we have
v0 +vB – v0t0 + vBt0 = 
putting  = t0
we get, v B = .
2

15.

d
time to cross river t =
ucos 
d
Drift x = (2u – u sin)t = (2u – u sin)
ucos 
Drift x = (2 sec – tan)d
dx
= (2 sec tan – sec2)d = 0  2 tan = sec
d
 = 30º with the river flow current
angle with stream 30º + 90º = 120º .

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