A

FOUNDATION
DICTIONARY OF

RUSSIAN
 A
FOUNDATION
DICTIONARY OF

RUSSIAN
3000 HIGH SEMANTIC FREQUENCY WORDS ILLUSTRATED
WITH PHRASES AND SENTENCES
(formerly titled "Essential Russian- English Dictionary")

BY
B. G. ANPILOGOVA, E. Y. VLADIMIRSKY,
V. I. ZIMIN AND E. Y. SOSENKO
ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY V. KOROTKY

Dover Publications, Inc., CNew york

 Published in Canada by General Publishing Com-
pany Ltd., 30 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Toronto,
Ontario,
Published in the United Kingdom by Constable
and Company, Ltd., 10 Orange Street, London
WC 2.

This Dover edition, first published in 1967, is an

unabridged and unaltered republication of the
work originally published by Progress Publishers,
Moscow, under the title Essential Russian-English
Dictionary.

International Standard Book Number: 0-486-21860-0

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67-28632

Manufactured in the United States of America

Dover Publications, Inc.
180 Varick Street
New York, N.Y. 10014
 FOREWORD
This book is intended for students studying Russian with or without a
teacher (in study groups, at courses, etc.) outside Russian linguistic milieu.
It is a dictionary, i.e., besides lists of the commonest Russian words (vo-
cabulary) with English translations, it gives grammatical characteristics of the
words and illustrative material, explaining not only the meanings of the words
but their uses as well.
The illustrative material consists of phrases and sentences showing the
meanings of the words, and brief contexts, which are traditional, ordinary,
semantically stable or, in any case, very commonly used, e.g. jik>6ob& k po~
#HHe love for one's country, c^eJiaTb bhbo# to draw a conclusion, coBepmnTb no-
CTynoK to perform an action, KaK sac 30ByT? What is your name?, Mli ono3#a-
jih k na^ajiy cneKTanjiH We were late for the performance, etc. A number of
words are followed by the sign <>, after which phrases, proverbs or figurative
expressions containing these words are given, e.g. Jlter Kan H3 Be/jpa It is
raining cats and dogs, Bcero xoponiero All the best, Ym xopomo, a ftBa jiynme
Two heads are better than one, etc.
The vocabulary comprises some 3,000 of the commonest Russian words.
At the end of the Dictionary, thematic word lists are supplied, which
widen the scope of the vocabulary.
It is hoped that the study of the lexico-grammatical material of the Dic-
tionary will provide the necessary foundation .for conversation on various
everyday subjects and reading of modern Russian fiction and periodicals
without consulting a Russian-English dictionary too often.
Every article in this Dictionary includes the word under consideration in
its initial form and defines it grammatically (either stating what part of speech
it is or giving its forms). If a word has several meanings, only the commonest
of these are given, each under a separate figure. Homonyms are entered as
separate words marked 1, 2, 3, etc. Derivatives are not generally given in
the same article as their root words but as caption words, since the Dictionary
is based on an exact word count.
The part of speech is indicated only in the case of adverbs, numerals,
pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and particles. Nouns, verbs and adjectives
have no such labels, as their grammatical characteristics given in the article
define them clearly enough.
Nouns are entered in the nominative singular, their gender and the pecu-
liarities in the formation of the case forms, if any, are indicated. In the case of
an unstable vowel, the genitive singular (e.g. Konlen, gen. -na, end) or genitive
plural (e.g. naji|Ka, gen. pi. -ok, stick; okho, gen. pi. okoh, window) is supplied.
The paradigms of nouns declined irregularly are given in full.
Indeclinable nouns are marked indecl.
All those forms of nouns in which there is a stress shift are given, e.g. boa3»
acc. bo Ay water; ctoji, gen. CTOJia, pi. ctojibi, table; etc.
»

Adjectives are entered in the masculine; the feminine, neuter and plural
_

endings following the initial form. The comparative is given only if there are
 4

irregularities in its formation (interchange of sounds, suppletion). Short form

adjectives are given in the same article as the long form ones.
Personal pronouns are followed by their declension paradigms. Possessive
and demonstrative pronouns are given in the masculine singular, followed by
the feminine, neuter and plural forms.
Verbs are entered in the infinitive, followed by the 1st and 2nd persons
singular and the 3rd person plural. Cases where a verb form is not used are
specially marked, e.g. npOAOJmtaTLca to continue, 1st & 2nd pers. not used; no-
6ejiHTB to win, 1st pers. sing, not used, etc. The peculiarities in the formation
of the past and the imperative are given. The past is supplied only if it is
formed irregularly or if its formation is accompanied by a shift of stress (Be3TH
to carry — —
Be3, Be3Jia; b3htb to take bshji, B3flJia). Irregular formations of the
imperative are also supplied, e.g. 6htb to beat — Sen.
Aspects of verbs are given in the following manner. In the case of perfec-
tive verbs only the infinitive is given, w ith reference to the imperfective for
7

meaning. Articles containing imperfective forms also include the perfective

forms and illustrative examples explaining both forms.
After the imperfective forms questions are supplied helping to determine
the government of the verb under consideration and of its perfective counter-
part in each of their meanings. If a verb has a different government in one
of its meanings, the questions are given for that particular meaning.
When a verb is used only in one aspect in one of its meanings, this is
always indicated, as well as the cases where the verb has one perfective coun-
terpart in one meaning and a different one in another.
Questions helping to determine the government of a word are also given
after certain nouns, adverbs and adjectives.
Assuming that the student will work at the Dictionary simultaneously
with studying grammar, forms different from their initial forms are not entered
as separate words, e.g. meji (from ii^th to go), Bbime (from bbicokhh high),
MHe (from a I), etc. All such forms can be found in the articles on the ini-
tial forms. Exceptions are suppletive forms which are beginning to be used as
independent words with a specific meaning (e.g. jnoftn people, jiy^me better,
etc.). In such cases the suppletive forms are entered with reference to their
principal forms.
Participles and verbal adverbs are not entered at all.
In the Supplement, the words are grouped thematically.
In the section Names of Nationalities, the head words are the nouns de-
noting nationality in the masculine and feminine singular and in the plural.
These are followed by the names of the countries and the corresponding adjec-
tives, e.g. <f)paHH,y3 Frenchman, <£paHuy>KeHKa Frenchwoman; $paHn;y3i>i the French,
OpaHUHH France; $paHn.y3CKHu French.
Forms which have not yet become quite stable are not given.
Stress is indicated throughout the Dictionary. The primary stress is marked
['], the secondary p ]. All the words without independent stress should be
merged in pronunciation with the principal word, as t&k >Ke, na ctoji, ne 6 bin,
He cxaji, etc. In some cases the pronunciation is given in square brackets.
The Compilers
 THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET

A a P p

B 6 G c

B B T T

F r y y

E e X x

E e

m >k

3 3 EI in

H H mm
ft H

K K BI H
«J X til b

M M 9 3

H H K) io

o H H

n n
 ABBREVIATIONS
ace, accusative n., noun
adj,, adjective neat., neuter
adv., adverb num., numeral
ant., antonym
p., perfective
colloq., colloquial
paren., parenthetic
comp., comparative part., participle
conj., conjunction
pers.,person
dat., dative
philos.,philosophy
/., feminine pL, plural
fig., figurative poss., possessive
fut., future
pred., predicate
gen., genitive
predic, predicative
imp., imperfective
prep., preposition
imper., imperative
prepos., prepositional
imper s., impersonal pron., pronoun
indecl., indeclinable
q. v., which see
inf., infinitive
sing., singular
instr., instrumental
supeH., superlative
lit., literal
usu., usually
m., masculine
 A, a aKa^eMHH. The Agricultural Academy.
yHHTBca b aKa^MHH. To study at
an academy.
A con), and
AKKyPATHIblK, -an, -oe, -He, short
H ynyc& b y hhb6 peine Te, a ne b hh-
form aKKyp^Ten, aKKyp&rH|a -o,
CTHTyTe. study at a university,
/
t

and not at an institute. Mu H3ynaeM

-h; ado. aKKyparao painstaking,
punctual
pyCCKHH H3BIK, a 0HK aHrJIl'lHCKHII.
We study Russian and they, English.
AKKyp^THHH ctvkSht. A painstak-
ing, punctual student. IThc6te> aK-
ABryCT m., no pL f
August
KypaTHO. To write carefully.
Cero/iHH #ecHToe aBrycTa. Today is
the tenth August. H npnexan b
AHAJIH3 m. analysis
of
Aniens h CHHTe3. Analysis and
aBrycxe. / came in August, fl npn-
synthesis. Ah^jihs MeHtAyHaptfAHoro
exaji AecHToro aBrycTa. / came on
the tenth of August.
noJioHteHHH. An analysis of the in-
ternational situation.
ABTOBYC m. bus
Ahsljih3 KpOBH. Blood test.
ExaTB na aBTo6yco. To go by bus.
B aBTo6yce MHoro HapoAy. There AHrfiHA /., no pi. tonsillitis
are many people in the bus.
y mqhk aHrHHa. / have tonsillitis.
BoJieTB aHrnnoH. To be ill with
ABTOMAT m. automatic machine
tonsillitis.
Tejie<|K3H~aBTOMaT. Public telephone.
AIIEJIbCfiH m. orange
GTaHOK-aBTOMaT. Automatic machine-
BKycHBin anejiBCira. A tasty orange.
tool.
KnjiorpaMM anejiBCHHOB. A kilo-
ABTOMOBfiJIb m. motor-car gramme of oranges.
ExaTt na &BTOMo6HJie. To go by AnJIOHfiPlOBATb, -yio, -yerab, -yiOT
car. imp. k o m y? ne My? to applaud
ABTOP m. author AnjiOAnpoBaTb apTHCTy. To applaud
AbtoP khhth. The author of a book. an actor.
ABTOP^ lI|KA /., gen. pi. -gk foun- AIHIETST m. appetite
tain-pen Xopomnn anneTHT. A
good appe-
IlHcaTb aBTOpy^KOH. To write with tite. IIpHHTHoro anneTHTal / wish
a fountain-pen. you a good appetite!
ArPECCflBHIblS, -as, -oe, -tie aggres- AIIPEJIb m. no pi. April
t

sive CeroAHH nepBoe anpena. Today is

ArpeccHBHan nojintHKa. An aggres- the first of April. Oh npneA^T b
sive policy. anpeJie. He will come in April.
ArPOHOM m. agronomist J^BafluaTB TpeTBero anpe-rtfl mbi 63-
PaSoTaTfc arponoMOM. To work as AHJin na BKCKypcnio. We went on
an agronomist. an excursion on the twenty-third of
AJJPEC rn., pi. -a address April.
J\ame uue Bam a a pec. Give me your AETTEKA /. chemist's
address. ITocnaTB hhcbmo no a^pe- fle?KypHafi anTeKa. Duty chemist's.
cy. To send a letter to an address. IIoKynaTb JieKapcTBa b anreKe. To
AKAftfiMHH /, academy buy medicine at a chemist's shop.
AKa^^MHH nays:. The Academy of APEy*3 m. water-melon
Sciences. GejiBCKOX03HHCiBeHHafl CneJifcJH ap6y3. A ripe water-melon.
APE 8 BE3

APECT|OBATB, -yro, -yem&, -yiOT Ohii no3HaKOMHJinci> na 6ajiy. They

imp. & jy. koto? to arrest met at a ball.
ApecTOBaTB npecTynniiKa. To arrest EAJIET m. ballet
a criminal. Hobhh 6aJieT. A new ballet. Cmo-
APMHH /. army TpeTB 6ajieT. To see a ballet. IIohth
CaJiLHajT apMHH. A strong army. Ha 6ajieT. To go to a ballet.
APTflCT m. actor BAJIKOH m. balcony
ApTHCT khho. A cinema actor. Ha- Bbihth Ha 6ajiKOH. To come (go) out
poffHHH apTiicT CGGP. A People's on to the balcony.
Artist of the USSR. BAHK m. bank
APXHTEKTOP m. architect rocy^apcTBeHHtii 6aHK. The State
TjiaBHUH apxnTeKTOp. The chief Bank. HaunoHajitHHH 6aHK. The
architect. IIpo^KT apxHTeKTOpa. The National Bank.
architect's project. EAH|KA /., gen. pi. -ok jar
ACIIHPAHT m. post-graduate student CTeKJiHHHan 6aHKa. A glass jar.
AcnnpauT Ka<£eApH MaTeMaTHKH. EAHH /. bath-house
A post-graduate of the Mathematics EACKETEOJI m., no pi. basket-ball
Chair. MrpaTS b 6acKeT66ji. To play bas-
ATOM m. atom ket-ball.
Atom BOAopoAa. A hydrogen atom. BACCEflH m.
ATOMH|Bltl, -an, -oe, -He atomic 1. swimming-pool. njianaTB b 6ac-
ATOMHaa anepriiH. Atomic energy. ceime. To swim in a swimming-
ATOMHaa aJieKTpocTaHnHH. An atom- pool.
ic power-station. Atomheih JietfO- 2. basin. KaMenHoyroJiBHtiH 6ac-
koji. An atomic ice-breaker. ATOM- cetiH. Acoal basin.
Haa 6oM6a. An atomic bomb. EAm|HH /., gen. pi. -en tower
AyflHTOPHH /. BticoKafl 6amHH. A high tower.
1. lecture-room. IlaTafl ay^HTopHH. KpeMJieBCKiie 6amHH. The Kremlin
Lecture-room No. 5. Mh 3ann- towers.
MaeMca b TpeTBen ayflHTopira. BEFAITL, -io, -erat, -k>t imp. to run
We have our lessons in Boom fleTH 6eraK>T b ca#y. The children
Three. are^ running about in the garden.
2. audience. BHHMaTejitHafl ayjin- BE 3 A f., pi. 6eAH misfortune, trouble
TopHfi. An attentive audience. flpyr noMor MHe b 6e%e. friend My
A3PO3P0M m. aerodrome helped me in my need.
Ha aapoApoMe. At the. aerodrome. BEflHjblfi, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form
ExaTB Ha aapoApoM. To drive to 6eAen, 6eAHa, 6e,HH[o, -h; adv. o^fluo
the aerodrome. 1. poor. BeAaaa crpana. poor A
A3POII0PT m., prepos. b aaponopry country. Oh 6liji 6eAH0 oa6t.
airport He was poorly dressed.
BcTpenaxb AeJieraniiio b aaponopTy. 2. fig. poor, y
nerd 6eA H oe boo6-
To meet a delegation at the airport. pa>KeHH0. He has a poor imagi-
nation.
3. fig., only complete form poor.

E, 5
BeAHan H<eHinHHai Ona noTepana
cm na. The poor woman! She has
lost her son.
BABymiKA /., gen. pi. -eK grand- BE/KATE, 6ery, 6e?KHmL, 6eryT imp.
mother 1. to run, CnopTCMen 6emm 6uct-
BA3A /. po. The sportsman runs quickly.
1. basis. 9K0H0MiraecKafl 6a3a. An 2. fig. to fly. BpeMH 6emwr. Time
economic basis. flies.
2. base. BoeHHaa 6a3a. A military BE3 prep. -{-gen. without
base. Han 6e3 caxapa. Tea without sugar.
BAJI m., prepos, na 6ajiy & o 6aJTe; Xoahtl 6e3 manKH. To go without
pi. -u ball a cap.
EE3 9 BHJ1

<0> Be3 naTH aranyT BOceMb. Five BecnnaTHoe o6y ieHHe. Free educa- t

minutes to eight. HeT n>iMa 6"e3 tion. BecnjiaTnoe MeflnnancKoe 06-

orHfl (proverb). There is no smoke CJiyjKHBaHne Free medical service.
.

without a fire. OT#Lixa*TB 6ecnjiaTHO b canaTopnir.

EE3PAE<5TH|blfl w., gen. -oro unem- To have free lodgings and board in
ployed person a sanatorium.
Oh 6e3pa6oTHHH. He is unemployed. B E CrtOKO WTh CH I
-row., , -hiubch,
BEJI|blS, -an, -oe, -Lie white -aTCa imp. o kom? o neii?
Benaa CKaTepTb. A white table-cloth. 1. to worry, to be anxious. Becno-
<> Benhm xjieo". White bread. kohtlch o fleTflX. To worry about
BE JIBE neut., no pi. underwear; linen the children. BecnoKoHTBca o
Ha#eT& qncToe 6ejite. To put on 3#opoBBe. To be concerned with
clean underwear. OTflarB b 6eJifce one's health.
CTHpny, To give out one's washing. 2. to bother. He SecnoKoirrecB, a
IIocTeJi&Hoe 6eJii>e. Bed-linen. caM 3T0 c^ejiaio. Don't bother,
BEPEF m. prepos. o 6epere & na 6e-
t
I'll do it myself.
pery; pL -a bank, shore BECnOKOllHIBlH, -aa, -oe, -Bie; adv.
Beper peKH. The bank of the river. 6ecnoKOHHO
Beper 03epa. The shore of the lake. 1. restless. BecnoKoiraaa jkh3Hb.
OTAHxaTb Ha 6epery Mopa. To rest A restless life.
at the seaside. 2. restless. BecnoKOHiiBin qe-JiOBeK.
BEPEHb, 6epery, 6epe>KemL Seperyi, ?
A restless person.

past 6eper, 6eper«n|a, -6, -h imp. 3. fig. agitated. BecnOKoimoe Mope.

A. choppy sea.
koto? hto? to take care (of)
Beper vine 3#opoBBe. Take care of BECnOJJE3H|BlS, -an, -oe, -Bie, short
your health. Eepeat Aexea. To take form 6ecnojie3eH, 6ecnojre3H|a, -o
-bi; adv. 6ecnojre3HO useless
care of the children. Bepe^iB
BpeMJT. To make the most of one's Becnojie3Hoe 3anaTiie. useless A
time. occupation.
BECnOMOH};H|BlK, -aa, -oe, -Bie, short
BECEflA /. conversation
form 6ecnoMOrqeH, 6ecn6M0ina|a,
flpyjKecKaa 6ecena. A friendly con-
-o,
-bi; adv. 6ecnoMomHO helpless
versation. BecTH 6ece#y. To carry
on a conversation,
BecnoMon^HBiH peSenoK. A helpless
child
EECEffiOBATb, -yto, -yerat, -yK>T imp. BECnOPflfllOK m., gen. -Ka disorder
c k e m? o kom? o a e m? / p no- .
BecnopaAOK b KOMaaTe. Disorder
6eceA|OBaTB, -yio, -yerat, -yiOT to in the room.
talk BHBJIHOTEKA /. library
H 6ece#yK> c TOBapHmeM o hoboh Hayaaaa 6a6JinoTeKa. A scientific
KHHre. / am talking about a new book literature library. IIy6jiK~aHafl 6*h6-
with my friend. JiHOTeKa. A public library. BpaTB
EECKOHEHHIBIB, -aa, -oe, -tie, short KHHrn b 6ir6JiHOTeKe, To borrow
form 6ecK0HeaeH, 6ecKOHeaHja, -o, books from a library.
-BI BHJIET m.
1. endless. EecKOHeanaa paBunna. 1. ticket. BiuieT b TeaTp, b khho,
An endless plain. na KOHiiepT; na noe3H., aa napo-
2. endless. GecKoneaHBiH cnop. An xo#, na caMOJieT. A ticket for the
endless argument. theatre, for the cinema, for a con-
3. infinite. Mnp 6ecKOHeaen, The cert; for a ship, for
for a train,
world is infinite. a plane.
EECIIAPTfifiHIBlfi m., gen. -oro non- 2. card. ITapTiiHHBiri 6mieT. party A
party membership card. HpiirJiaCHTeJiB-
Oh 6ecnapTHHHHH. He belongs to no hbih SiiJieT. An invitation card.
party. CryAeHaecKHii 6iiJieT. A stu-
BECnJlATHlBlfi, -aa, -oe, -He; adv. dent's card.
6ecnjiaTH0 free, gratis 3. 9K3aMeHann6HHBiH 6n.neT. A
EHO 10 EOJI

question-paper (for oral examina- GHer 6;iecTHT Ha coJinue. The snow

tions) . is sparkling in the sun. Tmsa. y nee
BII0rPA<DHH /. biography 6jieCTHT ot paflOCTH. Her eyes are
PaccKa3aTb 6norpa$HK). To tell one's sparkling with joy.
biography. EJIECT#IB[|Ilfi -an, -ee, -He
f

BUTE, 6b|eo, -ems, -iot; imper. 6en imp. 1. shining. BjiecrainHH npe^weT.
1. koto? h e m? no neiny? to A shining object.
beat. Oh 6hji co6aKy najiKofi no 2. fig. brilliant. BjiecTflmne ycne-
cnnne. He beat the dog on the xn. Brilliant success. EjiecTflmHH
back with a stick. 0TBeT. A splendid answer.
2. ito? ieM?
pa36iiTB, pa-p. EJIfi3K[HH, -an, -oe, -He, short form
3o6b|i6, -emb, -iot to break. 6jih30k, 6jTH3Ka, 6jih3K|o, -h; adv.
Pa36i?Tb CTeKJio KaMHeM. To 6jih3ko; comp. SjrajKe
break a pane with a stone. Pa3- 1. near. Bjiii3Kaa jp;epeBHH. near A
6htb CTaKan. To break a glass. village. Jlec h peica 6jih3KO. The
3. koto? p. pa36nTL to defeat. river and the forest are close by.
Pa36irn> Bpara. To defeat the H ?KHBy 6JIH3KO OT yHHBepCHTe-
enemy. Ta. / live near the university.
4. p. npo6HTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not 2. fig. close. Ejih3Khh flpyr. A
used, 3rd pers. npo6b|eT, -iot close friend.
to strike. Bbiot nacbi KpeMJies- EJUDflO neut.
ckoh 6araHH. The clock of the 1. dish. Oap$6poBoe 6jik>£0. A
Kremlin tower is striking. porcelain dish.
BfiTBCH, 6b|iocb, -eniBca, -iotch imp. 2. course. IlepBoe 6jii6,n,o. The first
1. to beat. Cepflue 6wjiocb. The course. OSeff H3 Tpex 6jiior. A
heart was beating. three-course dinner.
2. to struggle. Oh £OJiro ^ujior Has
pemenneM 3a#aHii. He wrestled
BOP [6ox] m., gen. pi. -6b God
BepiiTB b 66ra. To believe in God.
with the problem for a long time.
BJIArOJJAPlfiTB, -K), -iimh, -at imp.
EOrATCTBO neut.
1. wealth. OrpoMHoe 6oraTCTBo.
koto? hto? 3a ht67/p. no6jia- Great wealth.
roAaplHTt, -io, -Hfflb, -ht to thank
2. pi. resources. IIpHpoflHHe 6oraT-
Bjiaro^apio sac 3a BHiiMaHHe. (I)
CTBa. Natural resources.
thank you for your attention.
EJlArOftAPJ! prep.+dat. thanks to, EOFAT|Blfl, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short form
owing to 6oraT, -a, -o, -bi

EjiaroflapfT ynopnony Tpy^y ohh 1. rich, BoraTLifi ^ejiOBeK. A rich

BfcipaCTHJin 6oraTBiH ypoJKaii. Thanks person.
to persistent work they've grown a 2. fig. rich. BoraTHH ypoJKan,
rich crop. yjiOB. A rich harvest, catch.
BJIEflHEITB, -io, -em&, -iot imp.jp. BOS m., prepos. b 6ok> & o 66e; pi.
no6jie^He|TB, -io, -emB, -iot to turn 6oh, 6oes battle
pale nornSnyTB b 6ok>. To die in bat-
no6jie^HeTB ot CTpaxa. To blanch tle. Ha nojie 66a. On the battle-
with terror. field.
EJIEJJHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form BOK m., prepos. b (na) 6ony; pi. -a side
Gjie^en, Sjie^na, 6jie£Hjo, -bi; adv. JlejftaTb Ha 6oKy. To lie on one's
6jieAHO side. UoBepHyTBca 66 kom. To turn
1. pale. BueAHoe Jinn.6. A
pale face. side-ways.
Bji6ahhh ot BOJiHeHHH. Pale BOJTEE adv. more
with excitement. BoJiee bbicokhh. Taller. BoJiee hh-
2. fig. colourless. BjieAHMH oTBeT. TepeCHbiH. More interesting.
A colourless answer. <> TeM 66jiee (qTo). The more so;
EJIEjCTETB, -my, -cthhib, -ctht or -my, especially as. Bojiee hjih Menee.
6jieinemB SjiemyT, 1st & 2nd pers.
) More or less.
rarely used, imp. to shine, to sparkle EOJIE3HB /. disease, illness
BOJI 11 BOH

Ta>Kejiaa 6oae3Hb. A grave BOJIBIHHHCTBO neut., no ph ma-

_ disease. jority, most
BOJI EH, 6oaba|a, -6, -m s/wrZ ad/, used BoJibniHHCTBO cTyfleHTOB 3annMaeTca
as /jredic. ill (c/. EOJIBHOll) cnopTOM. Most students go in for
H 66aea. / aw ill. Ona 6oabHa y?Ke sports,
aaBHo. She has been ill for a long BOJIbiniOS, -aa, -6e, -ne, comp. 66jib-
time. me (q. v.)
BOJIEITB 1 , -K), -emb, -iot imp. a e m? 1. big, large. Boabmon n.0M. A big
to be ill house. BoJibmaa pena. A large
BojiexL flOJiro. To 6e i/Z /or a long river.
time. BoJieTB rpannoM. To be ill 2. great. Bojibmaa panocTb. A great
with the 'flu. H 6ojieJi aHrHHOH. / j°y-
had a sore throat. BOMBA /. bomb
EOJI1ETB 2 & 2nd pers. not used,
, 1st ATOMnaa 6oM6a. An atomic bomb.
3rd pers.-ht imp. to hurt, to ache
-tit, BoftopoAHaa 66M6a. hydrogen A
Y
Mens 6ojiht Hora. leg hurts My bomb. B3opBaTb 6oM6y. To explode
me. y
Mens Sojiht roaoBa. / have a a bomb.
headache. Y aero 6oJiejni 3y6bi. BOP|EIJ m. gen. -na fighter
t

He had a toothache. Hee 6oaitT Y Bopen 3a cbo 66ny. A fighter for

ropjro. Bhe has a sore throat. freedom. Bopn,Li sa'MHp. Champions
EOJIBHftUA /. hospital of peace.
PopoACKaa 6oabHHna. city hospi- A EOPOTBCH, 6opi6cb, 66pembca, 66-
tal. JTe/KaTL b 6ojitHHne. To be in
piOTCa imp. 3 a a t 6? 3 a koto?
hospital, npoTHB ^ero? npoTiiB ko-
EOJIBHO to? c KeM? c aeM? to fight, to
1. adv. badly. MaabaiiK 66jilho struggle
yniH6cfl. The boy hurt himself BopoTbca c BparoM. To fight the
badly. enemy. BopoTbca c 6ojie3HaMH.
2. predic. impers. it hurts. MHe To fight disease. BopoTbca 3a Map.
66 JifeHO. It hurts me. To fight for peace,
BOJIbH|0fi, -aa, -6e, -Lie
sick,
1. bad, diseased. BoJibnaa
EOPBBA /., no pi. 3 a a to"? 3 a
fleBOHKa. A
sick girl. Eojibaoe,
koto? n p 6 t h b aero? npo-
cepAAe. bad heart. A THB koto? c KeM? c a e m?
1. fight, struggle. Bopb6a 3a ae3a-
2. fig, sore. Eojibhoh Bonpoc. A BHCHMOCTb. Struggle for independ-
sore problem. 9to ero 6ojibaoe
ence. Bopb6a nponiB BparoB.
MeCTO. This is his sore spot.
The fight against the enemies.
BOJIBH|0S w., gen. -oro; 6ojiLH|aa
KjiaccoBaa 6opb6a. Class struggle.
/., gen. -oh, pi. -bie, gen. -ikx sick
person, patient
•

ITojBiTHaecKaa 6opb6a. politi- A

cal struggle.
Bo^LHofi JieiKRT b 6ojibHiine. The
2. wrestling. KaaccaaecKaa 6opb-
patient is in, hospital. Bpaa ocMaT-
6a.Greco-Roman wrestling. Bojil-
pHBaeT 6ojiBHoro. The doctor is
examining the patient. Haa 6opb6a. Free style wrestling.
EOJIBIIIE EOTftH|KH pl. t
gen. pi. -ok; sing,
1. comp. of 6ojimhoh bigger. Mock- boots
-ok, gen. -Ka
Ba 6oJibine Jleaimrpana. Moscow KynHTb 6othhkh. To buy boots,
is bigger than Leningrad. Bothhkh copoK BTOporo pa3Mepa.
2. comp. of MHOro more. Oh 3aaeT Size number forty-two boots.
SoJibrae, qeM a (6oJibme Mean). BOlJlTbCH, -web, -nmbca, -area imp.
He knows more than I do. koto? aer6? & -f- inf. to be
<> Bojibine scero. Most of all. afraid, to fear
3. adv. more. EoJibme aeT BonpocoB? BoaTbca npocTy^u. To fear a chill.
No more questions? R 6oJibrae ne BoaTbca Mopo3a. To be afraid of
Mory. / can't endure it any the frost. BoaTbca 3a6oaexb. To be
longer. afraid of falling ill. H 6oi6cb hto t
EPA 12

ono3Aaio Ha noe3ft. / am afraid I'll Mr 6po^HJin no jiecy.

fldjiro We
miss the train. roamed the forest for a long time.
<> Bojikob 6oflTi>cH b Jiec ne — EPOCA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. f
xoftHTb (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven- p. 6p6|ciiT&, -my, -cnmb, -cht
ture^ nothing have. ,D[ejio MacTepa 1. koto? "i to? Kyfta? to throw.
6ohtch (proverb). Cf. He works best BpociiTb pLi6y b BOAy. To throw
who knows his trade. a fish into the water, h e M? B
BPAT m., pi. 6paTbH, 6paTtes KOTO? bo ito? BpociiTb
brother KaMHeM b okho. To throw a
Crap mil fi 6paT. The elder (eldest) stone at a window.
brother. MJia#niHH 6paT. The young- 2. -{- inf. to give up. Epocnrb Ky-
er (youngest) brother, piiTb. To give up smoking.
<> Pohhoh: 5pai\ Brother, ,Q(boh> <> EpocaTb cJiOBa na seTep. To
pOAHbiii 6paT. (First) cousin. talk at random.
EPATB, 6ep|y, -einb, -yT, past 6paji, BPOCA|TBCH, -iocb, -embca, -iotch
6pajra, 6paji|o, -h imp ^ t o? ko- imp. k y a a? na Kor6?//>. 6p6|-
to?//?. B3HTB, B03BM|y, -emb, -yT, chtlch, -mycb, -cnmbCH, -chtch to
past B3HJI, B3HJld, B3flJT|0, -II throw oneself (on), to attack
1. to take. Oh 6epeT khhth co Co6aKa 6p6cmiacb na nejiOBeKa. The
CTOJia. He is taking the books dog attacked the man. BpocHTbCH
off the table. b Mope. To throw oneself into the
2. 3 a tito? to take. BpaTb Koro- sea.
HH6yA b pyny. To take some-
3a BPOCHTB see EPOC ATE
body by the hand. BPOCHTBCH see BPOCATBCH
3. to borrow. BpaTb khhth b 6h6- BPK)KH no sing., gen. pi. 6pion trou-
JiHOTeKe. To borrow books from sers
the library. MyjKCKHe 6piOKH. Men's trousers.
<> B3HTb ce6n b pyiui. To pull Ey^flTB, 6y?Ky, oyAHHib, 6yAHT imp.
oneself together. B3flTb cjiobo. To koto? Ip. pa36yA^Tb, pa36y>Ky,
take the floor. pa36yAnmb, pas6yAHT to wake
EPATBCH, 6ep|yct, -embCH, -yxca, Pa36yAHTb TOBapnma. To wake up
past 6paJicn, 6paJi|acb, -ocl, -hcb a friend.
imp. 3 a koto? 3 a hto?//>. ByflTO con), as if
B3HTbCH, B03BM|yCb, -embCfl, -yTCH, Oh paccKa3tiBaeT TaK HHTepecno,
past B3ff JICH, B3HJl|aCb, -OCb, -HCb 6yAT0 caM Bee §to BH^eJi. He has
1. to take bold of. Oh b3hjich 3a such an interesting way of telling
py^Ky MBepn. He took hold of things as though he had actually
the handle of the door. seen them himself.
2. fig. to apply oneself (to). Oh ro- E^flyimEE neut.\ gen. -ero the fu-
pa^o B3HJICH 3a pa6oTy. He set ture
about the work enthusiastically. J\e?n —
Ha me 6y/*ymee. Children
EPHrAflA team/. are our future. B'6yflymeM. In the
EpnraAa padonnx. A team of workers. future.
BPlITBCH, 6pe|iocB, -embca, -iotch By^yimilK, -an, -ee, -ne future;
imp. Heu?/p. noSpHTBCH, no6pe> next
iocb, -eratcH, -lOTca toshave Byflymaa pa6oTa. Future work. B
— Bh 6peeTect b napiiKMaxepcKoi? 6yflymewc ro#y. Next year.
— HeT, h 6p6ioc& caM. Do you il
E^KBA /. letter ...

shave at a barber's?" "No, I shave B pyccKOM aJi$aBHTe 33 SyKEti,

myself." There are 33 letters in the Russian
BPOB|B /., gen. pi. -eii eyebrow alphabet.
^epnue 6poBH. Black eyebrows. E^JIJKA /., pi
-ok roll
gen.
XMypHTL 6poBH. To knit one's CAoGnaa bun.
6vJiKa. A
brows. E^JIOHH|AH [-mn-] /., gen. -ol bakery
EPOflSTB, 6poH<y, 6p6flHmb, 6p6flHT KynriTb x^e6a b 6yjio^Hoii. To buy
imp. to roam some bread at the baker's.
 13 BA5K

BYMArA /. 6biji Jiec,a TenepB r6po,n;.' There

1. no pi. paper. ^ricxaa 6yaiara. used a forest here, and now
to be
Clean paper. EyMara rjih nucs- there is a town. B MocKBe mhofo
ua. Note-paper. TeaTpoB. There are many theatres
2. : U(enHBie 6yMarn. Securities. in Moscow.
BYPH /. storm 2. to have, y
MeHa ecTB 6paT. /
CHjiBnaa 6ypa. A violent storm. have a brother. Y
Mena 6bijt
<> Bypfl b cxaKaiie borm. A storm 6paT. / had a brother.
in a teacup. 3. to be (ecTB is omitted). Ceiiaac
ByTEPBPOA m. sandwich 3HMa, It is winter now. Baepa
ByTep6p6ji c msicjiom. Bread and 6biji cuer. There was snow yester-
butter. ByTep6poA c BeT^HHOii. A day. B^epa 6BUia naTHima, ce~
ham sandwich. to^hh cy66oTa, a sasipa 6va©t
ByTb'IJI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok bottle BOCKpeceHBe. Yesterday was Fri-
ByTbiJiKa MOjroKa. bottle of milk. A day, today is Saturday and to-
ByOET m. morrow will be Sunday.
1. sideboard. B 6y$ere ctoht ^ain- 4. to be (ecTB is omitted) Moh 6pax
KH H CTaKaHH. Thereare cups — HHJKenep- My brother isan en-
and glasses in the sideboard. gineer. Moh OTen; 6biji BpaaoM.
2. buffet. By$ex pa66xaeT c 9 *iacoB. My father was a doctor. 6y#y H
The buffet is open from 9 o'clock. arpoflOMOM. / shall be an agrono-
BBI (B) modal particle rendered in .
, mist.
English by the Conditional Mood and
also by the compound pronouns and B, B
adverbs whoever, whatever, however,
whenever, etc. B (BO) prep.
I. 1. Ecjih 6bi a
Had
3naji, a 6u no3BO~ I. + prepos.
hhji Te6e. I known, I would 1. in. B nticBMeHHOM cToae. In
have, called you up. the desk. TKiitb b MocKBe. To
2. JleroM a xoTest 6bi noexaTB b live in Moscow. HpoaHTaTB b ra-
JlenHHrpa^. / should like to go 3eTe. To read in a newspaper.
to Leningrad in summer. 2. in. PoflHTbca B 1949 roj^y. To
3. IlleJi 6bi Tbi cnaTbl You ought be born in 1949. B asrycTe. In
to go to bed! August. B nponuioM Bene. In
II. 1. Kto 6bi Mor 3T0 cfleJiaTb? Whoever the last century.
could have done that? 3. in. ^ejiOBen b aepnoM KOCTiOMe.
EBIBA|TB, -io, -eniB, -k>t imp. A
man in a black suit.
1. to go, to visit. H ^acTO 6bib3lio II. +& c £-
b TeaTpe. / often go to the 1. in, to, at. IIojiojkhtb b iHKa$.
theatre. To put in the wardrobe. IIpnexaTB
2. to be, to occur. 3hm6h SuBaiOT b MocKBy. To come to Moscow.
6ojn>raue MOpo3Bi. There are 2. on, at. B cy66oTy b Tpn naca
severe frosts in winter. 6yn;eT co6paHHe. There will be a
E£lCTP|Blil, -an, -oe, -Bie, short form meeting at three o'clock on
6hctp, 6HCTpa, 6bicTp|o, ~bi; adv. Saturday.
6bictpo quick, swift 3. not translated. ITepeBBmoJiiiHTB
BsiCTpaa peKa. swift river. Bbict- A njian b jsps. pa3a. To fulfil a
po exaTB. To go quickly. plan twofold.
BL1TB, 3rd pers. sing, of Present Tense BAFOH m. (railway) carriage
ecTB is often omitted; fut. 6yjx\y, JKeeTKHH Baron. A hard-seated rail-
-eraB, -yr, past 6biji, 6&iJia, 6bijio, way carriage. M street Baron A . soft-
Sbioih; ne 6biji (-o, -h), He 6BiJia seated railway carriage.
imp. BA/KHjBIXl, -aa, -oe, -Bie, short form
1. there is (are). B MocKBe ecTB EajKeH, BajKHa, Baa<H|o, ~bi; adv.
yHMBepciiTeT. There is a univer-
sity in Moscow. PaaBme 3AecB 1. important. Banmoe cooSnxemie.
BAH 14 BEP

Animportant announcement (com- 2. particle but. BejiE §to upaBAal

munication). BaJKHLIH Bonpoc. But this is the truth!
An important question. 3to He BE2KJIHBJBI0, -an, -oe, -He, short
sajKHO. This is of no importance. form Be/KJiHB, -a, -o, -bi; adv. Be?K-
2. important, pompous. Oh roBO- jiubo polite
pETJI C Ba>KHHM BHJG(OM. He Was B&kjihbhh MajiBHHK. A polite boy.
speaking with an air of impor- BeJKJiHBo npocuTB. To ask politely.
tance. BESJ^E adv. r a e? everywhere
BAH HA /. bath Be3Ae Jie?Kaji CHer. There was snow
IIpHHHTb BSHHy To take a bath.
. everywhere.
<> CoJine^Hbie uamiM. Sun-baths. BE3|Tfl, -y, -enit, -yT, past Be3, Be3-
Bo3AymHbie Baimbi. Air-baths. Jija, -6, -a imp. koto? hto?
BAPEHlblfi, -an, -oe, -Lie boiled k y a a?
Bapenoe mhco. Boiled meat. 1. to take, to carry. Maninna Be3eT
BAPfiTL, Bapio, BapninB, BapHT imp. mojioko B ropoA- The truck
H T O? J p. CBapHTB, CBapfo, CBapitmb, is carrying the milk to town.
CBap^T to boil, to cook Be3TH peoeHKa b caHaTopan. To
BapHTfe mhco. To boil meat. CBa- take the child to the sanatorium.
Phtb cyn. To cook soup. BapiiTb 2. impers. ko My? to be lucky. EMy
o6eA- To cook dinner. Be3eT. He is lucky. Mne He
BAHC, -a, -e, -h pron, your Be3Ji6. / had no luck.
Bot Bama KOMHaTa. Here is your BEK m. pi. -a, -6b century
t

room. Kan Eame 3AOpoBte? How are JI.BaAuaTfciH BeK. The twentieth cen-
you? tury. B npomJiOM Bene. In the last
BBEPX adv. k y a a? up(ward) century.
GMOTpeTt BBepx. To look up. Jle- BEJI|ETt>, -io, -i\mh, -at imp. & p.
TeTB BBepx. To fly upward, (past only p.) k o m y? lew y?
B^AJIfi adv. r%e? in the distance + inf. to order
B#ajiu noKa3aJiCH noe3A. train A MaTB BeneJia euy nom& b Marasim.
appeared in the distance. His mother told him to go to the
BflAAb adv. Ky as? into the dis- shop. Ona Bejiejia, ht66u oh Kynim
tance Macna. She told him to buy some
CMOTpeTB BAajib. To look into the butter.
distance. BEJlflK, -a, -6, -h short adj. (cf.
BflBOEM adv. two (together) EOJIBinOll & BEJIHKHH) too
PaSoTaTb baboSm. To work together large
(two persons). Koctkdm BeJiiiK eMV. The suit is too
BflOJIB prep. +
gen. along large for him. Ty$Jiii en BemiKH.
ExaTL b^ojib 6epera Mopn. To drive The shoes are too large for her.
along the sea coast. Baojil Aopom BEJIMK|llfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form
pacTyT A e peBBff. There are trees BejiHK, -a, -o, -h great
along the road. BeJiHKHn y^entiH. great scholar. A
BflPyr adv. suddenly BEJIOCHnEA m. bicycle
B^pyr nomeji RomRh. Suddenly it Hobbih BenocnneA- A new bicycle.
started to rain. ExaTB na BeJiocnneAG. To ride a
BEflPO neut., pi. se^pa, Be^ep, bca- bicycle.
paM, etc. bucket BfiPA ./., 710 pi. B KOTO? BO *ITO?
Be^po BOffH. A
bucketful of water. belief, faith
<> flojKAi* Jii>e> KaK ii3 Be#pa. It Bepa b no6eAy- Belief in victory.
is raining cats and dogs. Bepa b HenoBena. Faith in man.
BEflB BEPEBJKA /., gen. pi. -ok string,
1. conf. for. Oh o6fi3aTeji£>HO npn- rope
Aer, Bejib oh 3HaeT, hto mli ero HjiMHHan BepeBKa. A long piece of
7KRQM.. He will certainly come, for string.
he knows that we are waiting for BEP|HTI>, -io, -hihb, -ht imp. I p. no-
him. Bep|HTB, -10, -HfflB, -HT
BEP 15

1 . k o m y? leiny? believe. H to Becennee co-nnne. The spring sun.

Te6e Bepio. you.
/ believe ^ BeeeHuee nanBTo. A spring coat.
2. b koto?bo h t 6? to have BE|CHTb, -my, -chdib, -cht imp. to
faith (in). BepuTt b napo/i, b weigh
ero chuh. To have faith in the Apoy3 BeCHT bhtb KHJIOrpaMMOB.
people, in their strength, The water-melon weighs five kilo-
BEPHl^TB, -y^-emfc, -yx p. koto? grammes.
ito? k o m y? to return BECHA pi. BecHti spring
BepHyTb fleHBrn TOBapnmy. To re- BECHOH ady. in spring
turn money to one's friend. BecHon na hojihx TaeT cner. In
BEPH|yTBCH, -yet, -embca, -y-rcfi p. spring the snow thaws in the fields.
k y fl a? o t k y r a? to come back BECTfl, Bealy, -emb, -yT, past bqr,
BepnyTBca romoh. To come back BeJi|a, -6, -ii imp.
home. BepayTBCH H3 noe3flKH. To 1. koto? ito? Kyp? to take.
come back from a trip. MaTB Be^eT peSeHKa b a6tckhh
ca/i. The mother is taking her
BEPH|Blfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form
child to the kindergarten.
Bepen, Bepna, BepHO, BepHti; adv.
2. ito? to conduct. Becrn ypon.
Bepno 7"o conduct a lesson.
1. faithful. BepHtiii flpyr. A faith-
<> BecTH xo3«hctbo. To keep a
ful friend. Bepno cjivjkhtb na-
house.
p6#y. To serve the people faith-
Ky#a Be^ex 3Ta Aopo-
3. to lead.
fully.
Where does this road lead to?
ra?
2. correct, Bepnoe pememie. The
<> BecTH ee6a. To behave. Pe6"enoK
correct decision. BepHan mbicjib.
Be^eT ce6a xoporao. The child
The right idea. BepHO pernors
behaves well. On He yweeT bgcth
saftany. To solve a problem cor-
ce6a. He can't behave himself.
rectly.
BEPOHTHO paren. word probably^
BECB (gen. Bcero), bch [gen. Been),
Bee {gen. Bcero), Bee (gen. Bcex)
GerdfCHH mh, Bepoarao, hohaSm b
pron .

khho. Today we shall probably go

1. all,whole. Pa6oTaTB Beet jienh.
to the cinema.
To work the whole day. Pa6oTaT&
BEPTOJlET m. helicopter bck) hohb. To work the whole
BepTOJieT HOBOH KOHCTpyKUHH. A night.
helicopter of a new design. 2. used as n. see everything. Bee
BEPXHIHK, -hh, -ee, -ne b nopn^Ke. Everything is all
1. upper. BepxHEH 3Ta.m. The upper right.
storey. 3. usedas n. Bee everybody. Bee
2. outdoor. Bepxnee niraTBe. Out- npHfflJin? Has everybody come?
door clothes. BepxHHH oftetf^a. <> Bcero xoporaei^o! All the best!
Outdoor clothes. Bee speaia raeji flojK/jb. It was
BEPIHfiHA /. top raining all the time,
Bepmnna AepeBa. The top of a tree. BET|EP m .,
gen. -pa wind
Bepmnna ropw. The top of a moun- IToflyJi chjebhhh BeTep. A strong
tain. wind blew.
EEC m. weight BET|KA /., gen. pi. -ok
Bee Tejia. The weight of a body. 1. branch. BeTKa 6epe3Bi. branch A
BojiBmoH Bee. A great weight. of a birch-tree.
BECEJI|BI$, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 2. branch-line. }Ketfe3HO#op6?KHaH
Beceji, Becejia, Beceji|o, -h; adv. BeTKa. A
railway branch-line.
Becejio merry, gay BEHEP m. t
pi. -a
BecejiLie cTy^eBTBi. Gay students. 1. evening. Ilpn hth aomoh b ceMb
Becejiaa neCHH. A
merry song. Mne nacoB Be liepa. To come home at
Beceito. / feel gay. seven o'clock in the evening.
BECEHHIHH, -hh, -ee, -ne spring 2. evening-party. IIpasAHSiHHHH
BeceHHHH Rent. A
spring day. Be^ep. A
festive evening.
BEH 16 BHH

MyasmaJibHtiH Beaep. A musical 2. n, grown-up. Cayniaiica B3p6c-

evening. JTirrepaTypH&ii Beaep. jihx! Listen to grown-ups!
A literary evening. B3PBIB m.
BEHEPHjHfl, -aa, -ee, -lie 1, explosion. B3pHB 66m6h. A
1. evening. Beaepaaa sapa. Eve- bomb explosion.
ning twilight. 2. fig. outburst. B3psiB CMexa. An
2. evening. Be^epaee naaTte. An outburst of laughter,
evening dress. BeaepHiiii (jba- B3HTB EPATb
see
KyjibTeT. Evening department. B3HTBCH see BPATLCH
BE^IEPOM adv. in the evening BHft 1 m..
H npaay k bsm BeaepOM. / shall 1. look. 3a,op6BHn bha. healthyA
come to see you in the evening. Bae- look. EoJibHoii bhh,. An unhealthy
pa BeaepoM y nac 6hjih rocTH. We look.
had guests yesterday evening, 2. view. KpacuBBiH beth. Ha ropoa,.
BEIJIA|Tb, -io, -eiub, -iot imp. k o* A beautiful view of the city.
ro? a to? KyRa?/p. noBe|cirn>, O IIm6tb b BH^y* To bear in mind.
-my, -chuib, -cht to hang BHft 2 m.sort, kind, species
BemaTB KapTimy iia CTeny. To hang BfiflEH, BH^Ha, bhaho, bhahh short
a picture on the wall. adj. visible
BEH3,ECTBO neut. substance TopOA BH^en c Mopa. The town
TBepnpe BeniecTBo. Solid substance. can be seen from the sea.
JKanisoe Bem,ecTBO. Liquid substance. BHfl[HO koto? a t 0? predic. im-
Fa30o6pa3Hoe BemecTBo. Gaseous pers. (it is) visible
substance, OTCioRa aaaeKO bhtjho! You can see
BEmiB /., gen. pi
-en far into the distance from here!
1. thing. Hyamaa Beuib,A thing Hnaero ne busho. Nothing is visible.
oneneeds. \\Usu.pL Benin things. Mne xopomo bith,ho. I can see
OTBe3TH Benin na B0K3aa. To well.
take one's things to the station.
BfllflETB, -my, -numB,^ -rut imp.
2. thing. KoMno3HTop nanncaji xo-
porayio BemB. The composer
koto? a to? /p. yBnjaeTB, -a?y,
-AHD3&, -aaT to see
wrote a good piece.
B3AflMH|I>lS, -aa, -oe, -He mutual
B okho a Biimy crapHH napK. / see
an old park through the window.
BsaiiMnaa jiio66bb. Mutual love.
IIjioxo Bi'iaeTB. To have poor eyesight.
B3BOJIHOBATB see BOJIHOBATB Pan. Bac BaneTB. / am glad to see
B3rJIHA m. you.
1. look. IIpnCTaJIBHLlH B3IVIHR. A <> BiineTb see b po30BOM cseTe.
stare. H&khbih B3rJiaa.. An To see through rose-coloured spec-
affectionate look. EpoCHTB
tacles.
B3raaa,, To cast a glance.
2. view. HayHHHe B3rJian,i>i. Scien- BlJ^HMO par en. word apparently
tific views. BnnnMO, 3to 6biji ee 3HaK0MbiH. It
B3I\JIHHyTB, B3rjiaHy, BsrJiHHemt, must have been her acquaintance.
B3rJiaHyT p. h a k o r 6? Ha a t 6? BIlflHjBI®, -aa, -oe, -Lie eminent
to glance BanHBin yqeHBiis. An eminent
Oh BsrJiflnyji na aacH. He looked scientist.
at the clock. BIiJI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok fork
B3/JOXHYTB see B3flWXATb flanTe, noataayncTa, Bajray. Will
B3#BIXA|TB, -io, -enn>, -iot imp./ you give me a forlf, please? Ectb
p. B3AoxHjyTB, -y, -erat, -yT to sigh bhjikoh. To eat with a fork,
Fjiy6oK6 B3H,oxhvtb. To heave a BHHA /. fault
deep sigh. 3to Moa BHna. It is my fault. 3xo
B30flTfl see BCXOflflTb np0H30niJi6 no Moea Bane. It has
B3P0CJI|bI$, -an, -oe, -tie happened through my fault.
1. grown-up. B3p6cJiHH clih. A BHHO neut., pi. Bana wine
grown-up son. KpenKoe bhho. Strong wine. Gaafl.
BHH 17 BHH

'
Koe BHH 6 . Sweet wine. Cyxoe bhho. -emb, -yT, past BJie3, BJie3Ji|a, -o,
Dry wine. -h to climb
BI1H0BAT|MFI, -an, -oe, -He, short MaJib^iiK BJies Ha KpLimy. The boy
form BHHOBaT, -a, -o, -fci climbed onto the roof. Oh BJie3 b okho-
1. guilty. H BHHOBaT nepe# bsimh, He climbed in through the window.
/ am guilty towards you. Oh hb BJIE3TB see BJIE3ATB
BimoBaT. He is not guilty. BJIHHHHE neut. influence
2. fig-, only complete form guilty. OnasaTb BJiHHHiie na TOBapnraa. To
BHHOBaTMH B3TJIHA. A guilty exert influence on a friend. Bute*
look. BiiHOBaToe BbipajKemie jih- noA BjTHffHHOM 6paTa. To be under
na. A guilty expression on one's the influence of one's brother.
face. BJTIOBflTbCH see BJIIOBJIHTBCH
BHHOfPAJJ m. no pi. grapes; vine
t
BJlIOBJItfiTBCH, -iocb, -embcn, -iotch
CJiajiKHH BHHorpa^- Sweet grapes. imp. b koto? bo h t 6? / p. Baio-
BHiCETB, -ray, -chihb, -cat imp. rse? 6l'lTbCH, BJII06jTl0Cb, BJIIOOHHIbCH,
to hang bjh66htch to fail in love
ITaJiBTo bhci'it Ha BeinaJike. The Oh BjiioSfiJicH b mok> cecrpy. He
coat is hanging on a hanger. KapTa with my sister.
fell in love
BMCTiT Ha cTene. The map is hang- BMECTE adv. together
ing on the wall. PaSoTaTb BMecre. To work together.
BKJIlO^AlTb, -io, -eaiB v -iot imp. BMECTO prep. -\- gen. instead of
ITO^, BKJIK»H[HTb -f, -HHIb, -&T t
B.viecTo ypona ceroAHH 6y/jeT bk-
to switch on CKypcHH. There will be an excur-
Bkjuohutb CBeT. To switch on the sion instead of the lesson today.
light. BMEIIIATBCH see BMEIflHBAT BCH
BKJIIOHHTB see BKJIIO^ATB BMEfflHBA|TBCH, -iocb, -enibcn,
BKYC m. -I0TC3 imp. bo hto? / p. Hue-
1. taste, y cyna CTpaHHbiii BKyc. raa|TbCH, -iocb, -enibca, -iotch to
The soup tastes queer. interfere
2. fig. taste. OAeBaTbcn co BKycoM. He BMemriBaHTecb ne b cBoe neno.
To dress with taste. V Hero Don't interfere in what doesn't con-
xopoiHHH BKyc. He has good cern you.
taste. BHAHAJIE adv. at first, at the begin-
BKyCHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie,short form ning
BKyceii, BKycna, BKycH|o, -h; adv. Bna^ane Bee cJiymaJin BHHMaiejib-
BKycuo tasty ho. At first everybody listened at-
BKycHHH 3aBTpaK. A tasty break- tentively.
fast.Qua roTOBHT BKycHO. She BHE prep. + gen. outside
cooks tasty meals. Bue AOMa. Outside the house.
BJIAflE|Ti>, -io, -euib, -iot imp. neM? <> BHe 6*iepemi. Out of turn.
1. to own. Bjia^eTB 3eMJien. To BHECTS see BHOCflTB
ownland. BHfilBHIHH, -hh, -ee, -He
2. fig. to know. BjiaaeTb HHocrpan- 1. outer, outward.
bmm H3MK0M. To know a foreign 2. external, foreign. BneniHHH no-
language. jiHTHKa. Foreign policy. Biiem-
BJIA2KH[blfiL -an, -oe, -Lie, short form hsh TOproBJiH. Foreign trade.
BJiaweu, BJia?Kna, BJiaJKnjo, -bi damp BHH3 adv. k y tl a? down(ward)
Bjia>KHbiH KJiHAiaT. A damp climate. CnycTHTbca BHH3. To come (go) down.
Bjia^naa TpanKa. A damp rag. 61X113^ adv. r«e? below
BJIACTB /. power BHH3y TeKJia pena. Down below
BbiTb (crofiTb) y BJiacTH. To be in flowed a river.
power. BaHTb BJiacTb b cboh pyKH. BHPIM AHIIE neut. attention
To take power into one's hands. BuiiMatiHe! Attention! 06pain,aTb
HpHHTH K BJiacTH. To come to power. BHH Man ne Ha hto-jih6o. To pay
BJIE3A|TB, -io, -euib, -iot imp. na attention to something. IIpHBJieKaTb
HTO? BO H TO? / p. BJie3|Tb, -y, BHHMaHiie. To attract attention. He
BHH 18 B03

o6painaiiTe BHHMaHHH. Don't pay BOAa. Fruit drink. CxaKan boah.

attention. EjiaroAapio Bac 3a bhh- A glass of water.
Manne. Thank you for your attention. <> BwiiTn cyxHM H3 boaw. To come-
BHHMATEJILH|Wfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, off unscathed. KaK jxne Kanjiii bo-
short form BHHMaTejien, BHHMaTenb- AM. As like as two peas. Mnoro
H|a, -o, -hi; adv.BHHMaTeJiBHO atten- BOAfii yTeKJio. Much water has
tive. BaHMaxeJibHtiH ynenHK. An flowed under the bridges.
attentive pupil. BniiMaTejibHo HiiTaTb BOJJlSTB, BO>Ky, BOAnmL, boa^t imp.
KHwry. To read a book attentively 1. koto? hto? KyAa? to take.
BHOCilTB, BHomy, BHOCHinb, bhocht Boamtb AGTen na nporyjiny b
imp. koto? hto? Ky^a?/ napK. To take the children out for
p. BHec|Tii -y, -emb, -yT, past BHec,
f
a walk in the park.
BHecjr|a, -6, -ii 2. hto? to drive. Boautb ManiH-
BeecTir BemH
b KOMHaTy. To carry ny. To drive a car.
the things into the room. BO|EBATb, -i6ro, -loemt, -j6k>t imp.
<> BuecTH npeAJiOHteHiie. To table c k
m? c ^ e m? to fight
e
a motion. BoeBaTb c BparoM. To fight the
BHYK m. grandson enemy.
BH^TPEHHinfl, -HH, -ee, -ne BO£HH| BlH, -an, -oe, -tie war, military
1. internal. BnyTpeHHiie Soji^shh. 1. BoeHHoe noJiojKeHiie. The mili-
Internal diseases. tary situation. BoeHHan npo-
2. internal. BHyTpeiraee nojiO/Keniie MLimjieHHOCTB. War industry,
b CTpaHe. The internal situation BoeHHoe BpeMH. War time.
in a country, BnyTpenSHH noJin- 2. 7i. Mom 6pax — BoeiiHHH. My
THKa. Internal policy. brother isin the army.
BHyTPfl B0>K3|B m., gen. -A leader
1. adv. inside. Bojiht BHyT-
rjie? Bo>kab napona. The leader of the
pir. It hurts inside. people.
2. prep. -|~ gen. inside. BnyTpii B03BPATFITB see B03BPAIIi;ATB
KOMHaTki. Inside the room. B03BPATiflTbC.H B03BPAB],ATB-
see

BHYTPB inside, into CH

1. adv. k y A a?: IIpHHHTL JienapCTBO B03BPAm;A|TB, -io, -emb, -edt imp.
BHyTpii To take a medicine.
.
KOTO? H T 0? K o M y?/ p. B03Bpa|-
2. prep, -f gen.: 3arjiHHyTb Bnyxpb THTb, -my, -xnmb, -tht to return
3aJia. To look into the hall. B03BpaTHTB ROTiT TOBapHDAy. To
BH^^IKA gen. pi. -en granddaugh- return a debt to one's friend.
ter B03BPAIIi;A|TBCH, -iocb, -embcn,
BOBPEMH adv. in time
-iotch imp. KyAa? o t k y A a?/
IIpHHTH BOBpeMH. To come in time. p. B03Bpa|THTbCH, -ITiyCb, -THHlbCH,
-thtch to come back
BO BPEMH prep. gen. during + Bo3BpainaTbCH rom6& H3 uoxoas.
Bo BpeMH bohhh. During the war.
To return home from a hike.
Bo BpeMH nepepbiBa. During the
interval.
B03^yX m. air
HhctbiiI bo 3 Ay x. Pure air. Gb6h\HH
B6BCE ( H e) adv. at all BosAyx. Fresh air.
Oh BoBce ne ^OKTop, a HroKenep. <> Ha cbcjkcm B03Ayxe. In the open
He is not a doctor at all, he is an air.
engineer. B03STB, BOHty, B03nmb, bo3Ht imp.
BO-BTOP&IX paren. word second(ly) K o r 6? h t o? to carry
Bo-nepBHX, ycTaJi, h BO-Bxopiix, MamiiHbT B03HT KHpnuqn. Lorries
xony cnaTt. First, Vm tired, sec- carry bricks.
ondly, I'm sleepy. B03JIE
BOJI^A /., acc. BOfly; pL boru water 1. adv. near. Mamnna ocTanOBH-
XoJiOflHaa Bona. Cold water. Topn- Jiacb B03Jie. The motor-car stop-
^an Bo^a. Hot water. MnnepajibHan ped near by.
Bo^a. Mineral water, QpyKTOBan 2. prep.-]- gen. near. Ero AOM Ha-
B03 19 BOP

xoflHTca B03Jie yHiiBepcHTexa. BOJIK m., gen. pi. -6b wolf

His house is near the University. <> BOJIKOB 0OHTbCfl b Jiec He —
BO3M0>KHOCTb /. xoAHTb (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven-
1. opportunity. luMexb bo3m6jk- ture, nothing have.
hoctb. To have an opportunity. BOJIHA pU BojiHbi wave
flaTb B03MO?KHOCTb KOMy-JIH6o
c^e/iaTB hto-jih6o. To gi>e some-
BOJIHEHHE neut. excitement, ner-
vousness
body an opportunity to do some-
thing.
Oh no6jieHHeJi ot BOJiHenna. He
turned pale with excitement.
2. usu. pi. possibilities. Bojibmne
bo3m6hchoctii. Great possibilities. BOJIH|OBATb, -yio, -yemt, -viot imp.
B03MO>KH|blIl, -an, -oe, -tie, short KOTO? ^ TO?
p. / B3B0JlH|0BaTb,
form B03M6}fceH, B03Mo>KH[a, -o, -bi; -yio, -yenib, -yioT toworry
adr, bo3m6/Kho possible, probable 3tot Bonpoc Mena 6aenb BOJrayeT.
Bo3MO/KHbm cjiynan. possible This question worries me very much.
case. 3to snoJiHe b03Mojkho. TVzaZ BOJIHlOBATbCH, -yrocb, -yernbca,
is quite possible. -yiOTca imp. to worry, to be ner-
B03HHKA|Tb, 1st & 2nd pers. not vous, to be excited
used, 3rd pers. -ct, -iot imp.jp. BojiHOBaTbca nepeM 8K3aMenoM. To
B03Hl'lKH|yTB, 1st & ?Z02 feel nervous before an examination.
used, 3rd pers. -ct, -yT, past B03- BOJIOCbl pi., gen. pi. bojtoc, bojio-
hiik, -Jia, -jio, -Jin to appear caw, etc.; sing, bojioc bair
8to rocy#apcTBo bo3hhkjto b TpeTb- KpacHBbie BOJiocbi. Beautiful hair.
eM^ECKe. This state appeared in the BOJIH /., no pi. will
third century. CiiJibHaa bojjh. A strong will. Bona
B03HfiKHyTb see B03HIIKATb K no6e#e. The will to win.
B03PA>KA|Tb, -io }
-enib, -iot imp. BOOBIH.E adv.
K M y? Ha H T 67/ p. B03pa!3HTb, 1. in general. Boo6n;e 3to npaBsa.
-my, -3 hibb, -3ht to reply, to object In general it is true.
Bo3pa3r'iTB flOKJiaflHHKy. To reply to 2. at all. Oh Boo6nie ne roBOpHT
the speaker, Bo3pa3HTL Ha'saMenaHne. no-pycCKH. He does not speak
To reply to a remark. Ecjih eh ho Russian at all.
B03pa?ftaeTe. // you don't mind...
. .
BOOPyJKEHHE neut.
B03PA3#Tb see B03PA3KATb 1. wo pi. equipment. Boopy>KeHne
B03PACT m. age apMHH hobhm opyjKiieM. The
J\qth niKOJiBnoro B03pacTa. Children equipment of the army with new
of school age. B B03pacTe mecTHfle- weapons.
chth JieT. At the age of sixty. 2. usu. pi. armaments. CoKparuenne
BO0HA /., pi. bohhli war BOopyjKenHH. A reduction of ar-
06'tffBHTb Bonny. To declare war. maments. ToHKa BOOpyJKeHHM
nortiSHyTb na Bonne. To lose one's The arms race.
life in the war.
BOfima see BXOfl&Tb BO-nEPBbIX paren. word first(ly),
in tbe first place
B0K3AJI m. station
Bo-nepBBix, sto Tpy^no... In the
JlennHrpaflCKHH BOKsajr. Leningrad
Railway Station. IToexarb na bok-
first place, Ws difficult...

3a ji. To go to the station. BOnPOCm.

BOKpyr 1. question. IIpocToH Bonpoc. A
1. adv. round. Tumima BOKpyr. simple question. 3ajiaTb Bonpoc.
There is silence all round. To ask a question.
2. prep. + gen. round. BoKpyr 2. question, problem. BajKHbra Bon-
poc. An important question. Ha-
Mo Ma ca^. The house was
6liji
surrounded by a garden. nnoHajibHbiH Bonpoc. The national
BOJIEftEOJI m. volley-ball question.
HrpaTb B bojighSoji. To play volley- BOP m., gen. pi. -6b thief
ball. ApecTOBaTb bo pa. To arrest a thief.
BOP 20 Bnp

BOPOTA no sing., gen. pi. BopOT BOCTOK m. east

1. gate(s). Bopoxa c&Aa. The gate 1. east. ConHne bocxoaut na bocto-
of a garden. Ke. The sun rises in the east.
2. goal. IIocjiaTLun*i b uopoxa 2. East. Bjihjkhhh Boctok. Near
npOTHBHHKa. To
send the ball East. ^ajiLHi-ifi Boctok. Far
into the opponent's goal. East. CpeAuiiH Boctok. Middle
BOPOTHflK m. gen. -a collar
f
East. Bhi 6mjih Ha BocTone?
MexoBoa BOpOTHHK. fur collar.A Have you been in the East?
BOCKJI15K H| YTb see BOGKJIHlJATb BOCTOPr m. delight, enthusiasm
f
BOCKJIHAAITb, -io, -euib, -iot imp./ On c BOCToprOM paccKasMBaji o cbo-
p. BOCKJiHKH|yTb, -y, -emb, -yT to eu noe3AKe. He was telling about
exclaim, to cry out his trip enthusiastically
PajiocTHO BOCKJiHKHyTt. To cry out BOCTO^Hlbltf, -an, -oe, -we east(ern)
joyfully. BocTo^iTbiiiBexep. An east wind.
BOCKPECEHbE neut. Sunday BocTO^uoe KanpaBJieHiie. An easterly
B BOCKpeceH&e mmesRiimi 3a ropoA. direction.
We went to the country on Sunday. BOCXHTflTbCH see BOCXHHJATbCH
BOCmiTAHHE neut. upbringing, BOCXMmA|TbCH "iocb, -euibca, -iot-
.

education ch imp, k e m? hcm?/ p. bocxii|-

BocniiTaeiie pe6eHKa. The upbring- TMTbCH, -mycb, -THBibCH, -tatcr to
ing of a child. On noJiy riiiJi xopo- admire
mee BocniiTaHiie. He received a Becb Miip BOCxnmaeTCfi noABiiroM
good education. repoeB. The whole world admires the
BOCllHTATb see BOCnfiTblBATb heroes' feat.
BOCIIHT blBA|Tb, -io, -euib, -£0T imp./ BOCXOA m. rising
p. BOcnirralTb, -io, -erab, -iot to Bocxoa coJiHna. The sunrise.
bring up BOT particle
1. koto? to bring 'up. BocmiTaTb 1. here is. Bot Knura. Here is the
cm Ha. To bring upone's son. book.
2. ^ t o? b kom?
to cultivate. 2. what (a). Bot KpacoxaJ What
BocmiTaTb b Aerax jiioSobb k beauty/ Bot bto xopomol That's
npupoAO. To cultivate love for good/
nature in children. BIlEPBb'IE adv. for the first time
BOCn0JIB3OBATbCH see IIOJIb30- H BnepBbie b Mockb6. It is the
BATbCH first time I have been in Moscow.
BOCnOMHHAHHE neut. BUEVEJX ad p. KyAa? forward
1. recollection. BocnoMnnaene AeV Math BnepeA. To go forward.
CTBa. Recollection of one's child- BQEPE.ua
hood. 1. ado. rue? in front. BiiepeflH
2. usu. pi. reminiscences, memoirs. 6mjth ropbi. There were mountains
BocnoMHuaaiiH o coBpe.weHHii- in front.
Kax. Reminiscences of one's con- 2. prep. -J~ gen. at the head of, in
temporaries. front of. BnepeA it kojioiihm
£ OCCT A H A B JIHB A Tb -io, -emb, -iot
|
, necjiH 3HaMena. At the head of
imp. h t o?/ p. BOCCTa| hobhtb, -hob- the column they carried banners.
jiio, -HOBHmb, -hobht to restore, to BIIEHATJIEHITE neut. impression
rebuild CnjibHoe Bne^aTjieHiie. strong A
BoccTanoBHTb paspymenHMii ropoA. impression. I4rpa apTMcxa npoiiSBe-
To rebuild a town that had been jia 6ojibtnoe Bne^aTJieHiie Ha 3pti-
destroyed. BoccTaeOBi'rrb xo3Hhctbo. TCJiefi. The actcr's performance made
To restore the economy. a great impression on the specta-
BOCCTAHHE neut. uprising, revolt tors.
noAHHTb Boccxaniie. To raise a BIIPC) LIEM conj. though, nevertheless
revolt. KapTtma xopooian, Bnpo^eM bm
BOCCTAHOBKTb see BOCCTAHAB- caivm ee yBHA^xe. The picture is
JIHBATb good, though you'll see it yourself.
BPA 21 BCT

BPAr m. gen. y
-a enemy BCErjJA adv. always
BopoTbCH c jjparaMii. To fight the Oh BcerAa BeeejiBin. He is always gay
enemies. BCEM&PHjblFl, -an, -oe, -Lie world
BP|ATb, -y, -eras, -yT, past Bpan, BceMwpuLiii $ecTPiBa;iB. World festi-
BpaJia, Bpami imp. k o m y? h
e m y?f val.
p. coBpiaTt, -y, -ewh, -yT, past BCE PABHO
coBpa.;i, coBpaJia, coBpajin colloq. to 1. all the same. Mire Bee pasno. It's
lie. Pe6eHOK coBpaJi OTiiy. The child all same to me.
the
lied to his father. 2. just the same. Xoth oneiiB xo-
BPA 1
! m., gen, -a physician, doctor jioflHo, h see paBHo noHAy TyAa.
Bpaq-TepaneBT. A therapeutist. H\en- Though it is very cold, Til go
miiHa-Bpan. A lady doctor. BhiTt there just the same.

y Bpa To be at the doctor s. Math

(
ia. BCE-TAKI3 particle just the same
k Bpa iy. To go to the doctor. Co-
c H Bce'-TaKir iioua.v Ha Be l iep. Til
BeTOBaTbCH c Bpa^OM. To consult a go to the evening-party just the
doctor. same.
BPE^Hlblfi, -an, -oe, -tie, short form
BCKOl E adv. soon
BcKope nanajiCH RowRh. Soon it
BpeAeH, Bpeflna, BpeAH|o, -w; adv.
began to rain.
BpeAHO harmful, bad
BpeKHhiH HenoBeK. A bad man. BCJ1E# after, following
1. adv. On nocMOTpeJi BCJiefl... His
Bpe^Han Teopna. A harmful theory.
eyes followed.
BpeAHoe pacTetnie. A noxious weed.
.

BaM BpeAHO mhoto itypMTb. It's 2. used as prep, -f- dat. or 3a instr. +
bad for you to smoke so much- Mopo3
Oh bcjtca euy
nocMOTpeJi He ,

followed him with his eyes. Mbi

BpeAeH A-na i6>KHbix pacTeHHH. Frost
is dangerous for southern plants.
notiijiw bcjtca 3a hum. fol- We
lowed him.
BPEMH neut. }
gen,
dat., prepos. Bpe-
f BCJIYX ado. aloud
MeHii; pi. BpeMCua, BpeMen, Bpe&fe- MiiTarb BCJiyx. To read aloud.
H3M, etc. time BCIlAXATb see IIAXATb
1. Cko-hbho BpeMenn? What time BCUOMI1HA |TB, -ro, -euib, -iot imp.
is it? BpeMH ii act. Time flies. ko r 6? ^ t o? or o h e' m? / p. BcnoM-
BpeMH nponujo. The time has HjliTB, -10, -Iinife, -HT
passed. BpeMH He mner. Time 1. to recollect. H BcnoMHHa k>
waits for no man. BpeMH noKa- CBoero mp
Apyra. / recollect
JKeT. Time will show. friend. BcnoMimaTB o AeTCTBe.
2. Be^epnee BpeMH. Evening. J{o?ka~ To recall one's childhood.
Jii'iBoe BpeMH. Rainy period. 2. to remember. H HiiKan ne Mory
CTapwe BpeMeiia. Old times. BcnoMHHTb, / just can't remem-
Bpeiweaa roA&- Seasons. ber,
Bceaiy CBOe BpeMH. There is a BCITOMHHTB see BCnOMHHATb
time for everything. Bee BpeMH. All BCTAIBATb, -enis, -iot imp. f
-K),
the time. OHa
Bte BpeMfl CMerfjiacB.
p. BCTajTB, -ny, -neuiL, -nyT to get
She laughed all the time. Bo BpeMH up, to rise
used as prep. -{-gen. Bo BpeMH boii- Ka>KAbifi Aeni, h BCTaro b ceMB na-
Hbi Mbi jkhjih y 6a6yniKH. During cob yTpa, ho ceroAHH h BCTaJi b
the war we lived at our granny's. BoceMb nacoB Every day 1 get up
BCE 1 pron., see BECB, 2 at seven o'clock in the morning, but
BCE 2 particle still, ever today up at eight o'clock.
I got
A oh Bee' mojihiit h mojiutt. And Cojnme BCTaer na BocTone. The sun
he still keeps silent. H Bee name rises in the east.
BcnoMHHaio tboi'i cjiOBa. / recollect <> BcTaTb c JieBOii noni. To
your words ever oftener. Oh see euie get out of bed on the wrong side.
BoJieeT. He is still ill. Thi nee ?Ke BCTATb see BCTABATb
npnxoflH ko mh6. You come to see BCTPETHTb see BCTPE^ATB
me just the same. BCTPfiTHTbCH see BCTPE^IATbCil
BCT 22 Bbl

BCTPEHA /. meeting Tuesday. RamRUH btophhk. Every

BcTpe^a Apysen. A meeting of Tuesday.
friends. CepAe^maH BCTpe^a. A cor- B-TPETbHX paren. word third(ly)
dial meeting. Kmira, Bo-nepBtix, oienb HHTepec-
BCTPE xIA|Tb, -K), -eniL, -iot imp. Haa, B0-BTOpb'lX, KpaCMBO o$6pM-
k o r 6? ht
o? j p. BCTpe|THTt, -ny, Jiena, h, B-TpeTbiix, ona Jiemo hh-
-THmb, -tht to meet TaeTCH. First, the book is very in-
1. H
BCTpexnji ero cjivh^hho. / teresting, second, it is beautifully
met him by chance. designed, and. third, it reads well.
2. BcTpeTHTk xjie6oM-coJii>io. To BTPOEM adv. three (together)
extend hospitality to somebody. Mbi o6eAaeM BTpoeM. We three dine
<> Bclpe^aTb Hosbm ro^. To see together.
the New Year in. By3 m. Bbicrnee yne6Hoe 3aBeAe-
BCTPEHA|TBCil, -met, -emtca, -iot- Hiie) higher educational establish-
ch imp. c iceM? c hom?/ ment
p. BCTpe|THTLCH, -^yCB, -THHIBCH, B MocKBe okojio 90 By30B. In Mos-
-TKTCH to meet cow, there are some 90 higher edu-
BcTpeniTBCK c KpyshAuii. To meet cational establishments.
friends. Mm BcrpeTHJiHCB Ha yjra- BXOJJ m. entrance
iie. We met in the street, Bxoa b MeTpo. An entrance to the
fig. BCTpeTHTBCFI CTpyAHOCTHMH. To underground. Bxoa b napn. An
meet with difficulties. entrance to the park. FJianHRH
BCTynA[TB, -K), -ernB, -iot imp. bo bxoa. The main entrance.
H T 6? J p. BCTVnHTB, BCTyHJIfO, BCTy- BXOftliTb, BXo>Ky, exoA^mB, bxoaht
numt, BCTyiiHT to join imp.Ky js,a? / p. boh|th, -Ay, -Aeoit,
BcTynHTB b cnopTHBHoe oSniecTBO. -Ayr, past Bo|nieji, -nuia, -hijio,
To enter a sports society. -mjnr
BCTyntfTb see BCTyilATL 1. to enter. Bohth b KJiacc. Te-
BCXOflllTb, bcxojky, BCXOAHint, enier the classroom. Pa3peraHTe
bcxoaht imp. I p. b30h|th, -ay, bohtj't? May I come in?
-Aecab, -AyT, past B30|meji, -nuia, 2. B cocraB AeJierarniH bxoaht
-mjio, -huiit hhtb xiejiOBeK. The delegation
1. to ascend. Bcxoaijtb na Bepma- consists of five members.
Hy ropw. To climb to the top of <>Bohth bo bkvc. To get to like.
the mountain. Bohth b MOAy. To become fashion-
2. to rise. CoJiHije ecxoa^t. The able. BoiiTH b AOBepne K KOMy-
sun rises, -jih5o. To win somebody's confi-
BClDfly adv. everywhere dence.
BciOAy 6bijio TeMHo. It was dark BHEPA adv. yesterday
everywhere. B^epa 6btjio xojioaho. It was cold
BC#KiHH, -an, -oe, -He pron. yesterday.
1. any B^EPAfflH|HH, -ah, -ee, -ne yester-
2. all sorts of. B Mara3iine ecTt day's
BCflKiie npOAyKTH. There are all BnepaniHHH ra3era. Yesterday's
sorts of foodstuffs in the shop. paper.
3. used as n. anyone BTbE35KA|Tb, -io, -erai,, -iot imp.
Ha BCflKim Just in
cjiyqaiL KyAa?/ p. BtexaTB, btjCaI y> -emb,
case. Be3(o) bchkqx TpyAOB. With- -yr to drive (into)
out any difficulty. B^exaTB b ropoA- To drive into a
B TEHEHHE prep. +gen. during town. B-LexaTB Ha ropy. To drive
B TeneHne shmbi. During the win- uphill.
ter. Pa6oTaTi> b Te^enne roAa. To B-bEXATb see BT)E35KATI)
work during the year. Bbl pron., gen., ace, prepos. Bac,
BTOPHHK m. Tuesday dot. BaM, instr. b^mh
Co6paHne coctohtch bo btophhk. Ilpomy Bac, A^nTe wne KHHry.
The meeting will take place on Will you kindly give me the book?
BblE 23 BblH

BblEHPAjTb, -enib, -iot imp. BblE32KA|Tb, -10,^ -emb, -iot imp.

k o r 6? h t o? p. Bbi6paTb, Bti6eply,
/ I p. BwexaTb, BtieAly, -emb, -yT to
-emb, -yT to choose, to select leave, to drive out
Bb'i6paTb cnetinajibHOCTb. To choose Mamiraa Bbiexajia 113 rapajKd. The
a speciality. Bw6paTb 6jii6ao. To car drove out of the garage. BbiexaTb
choose a disk. Bw6paTb Jiynmnx 113 ropoj^a. To leave town.
cnopTCMenoB K3 ^HCJia cTyaeHTOB. BBIEXATB see BBIE33KATB
To the
select best sportsmen among BBI3BATB see BBI3BIBATB
the students. BbI3£0PABjmBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot
BblEOPbl no sing, elections
pi., imp. /BM3AopoBelTb,
p. -10, -emb,
B[>i6opu b napjiaMGHT. Elections to -iot to recover
the Parliament. Bce66mne, paBH&re Moh 6paT Bbi3AopoBen. My brother
h npHMbie Bbi6opBi. Universal, equal has recovered. Bbi3AopaBJiHBaFiTe!
and direct elections. Get well!
BbIEPACbIBA|Tb, -jo, -emb, -iot BI>"I3flOPOBETB see Bb^ftOPABJIE-
imp. koto? ^ t o? Kysa?/ BATB
p. BH6po|ciiTb, -my, -cnmb, -cht to BBI3BIBA|TB, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
throw out k r 6? / p. BLi3BaTB, BH30B|y, -emb,
BwSpocHTb HeHyjKHLie 6yMarn. To -yr to call out
throw oat the unnecessary papers, BbisBaTB CTyAeHTa k j\q cne To .

Bb'IEPATb BBIEHPATB
see call out a student to the blackboard,
B&EPOCHTb see BblEPACblBATb Bb'IHrPATB see BblSrPblBATb
Bb'IBECTH see BblBOflfiTb BblSrPBIBAlTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
BIxTBOfl, m. conclusion hto? y koto?//). BbinrpalTb, -k>,
C/ieJiaTb npaBHjibHbii bliboa. To -emb, -iot
draw the right conclusion. 1. y koto? to win. BbinrpaTt y
BBIBOflflTB, BtiBOJKy, BHBoAnmb, Apyra napmio b maxMaTbi. To
bhboaht imp. koto? h t o? / win a game of chess from a
p. BbiBejCTii, -ay, -Aemb, -ayT, past friend
BLiBejr, -a, -o, -m 2. to win. BLinrpaTb ManiHHy. To
1. to take out. BbiBecTii Jioma^eri win a motor-car.
Ha aporyjiKy. To take the horses BblfiTH see BblXOAfiTb
for a walk. BblKJIIOHAjTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
2. to remove. BbiBecTH hhtho na *IT 0? / p. BLIKJIIOHjHTb, -y, -HKIb,
KOCTiOMe. To remove a stain -aT to switch off
from a suit. BbiKJiBDHHTb CBeT. To switch off the
<>Oh Bweeji MeHfl 113 ce6«. He light.
putme beside myself. Bb'IKJIKRHTb see BblKJIIOHATb
BblrJIHlAETB, -Hty, -AHoib, -flfiT Bb'IJIEWTb see JTEHHTh
imp. to look BbIJIHBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
Ona xopomo Bbir-JiflAUT. She looks ^ito? OTKysa? Kyfta? / p. bh-
well. jiHTb, BLiJifc|K), -emb, -iot; imper.
BblFHATB see BblTOHJlTb BbiJien to pour out
BbirOH#|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. BbiJiHTb- bo Ay U3 CTaKana. To pour
koto? oTKy^a? / p. BLiraaTb, water out of a glass, BbiJiHTb mojio-
BwroHlio, -nmb, -at to turn out ko b KacTpiojuo. To pour milk into
H ero BBirnaJi boh / turned him out.
. a saucepan.
BBIflAlBATb, -io, -erab, -iot imp. BbiJiHTb see BblJIHBATb
IT O? KOMy?/jD. BHAaTb, BMJiaM, Bb'IMblTb see MblTb
BHAamb, Bbija;acT, BH^a^uM, BHfla- BblMblTbCH see MblTbCH
flHTe, BWfla^yT BblHHMAjTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
1. to give out. Bbi^aTB khhth. To ht 0? t k y a a? / p. BHHlyTb, -y,
give books out. -emb, -yT to take out
2. to give away, to betray. Ero Bhhvtb HJiaTOK H3 KapMana. To take
BbiAaJiH. He was betrayed, a handkerchief out cf one's pocket.
Bb'IflATb see BBIflABATB Bb'IHyTb see BblHHMATb
Bbin 24 BblX

BblDHCATb see BbHItfCblBATb building a hundred metres high.

BLinflCbIBA|TB, -to, -emb, -iot imp. JJepeBO BHCOTOH B fleCHTb MeTpOB
H to? I p. Bbinn|caTt, -my, -ineinb, A tree ten metres high
-myT Bb'ICTAB|KA /., gen. pL -ok exhibi-
1 . ito? ofKyfla? to copy out. tion
BtiniicaTt miTary 113 KHiim. To BbicTaBKa ffocTHH<eHHH napoAHoro
copy out a quotation from a book, X03HMCTBa. The Exhibition of Eco-
2. to subscribe. BbimicaTb MtypnaJiH nomic Achievement.
ii ra'derti. To subscribe to maga- BI>ICTPEJ]|HTb, -io, -Hnib, -ht p. to fire
zines and newspapers. BbinucaTb BwcTpeJiiiTb 113 nncTOJiera. To fire
peuenT 6oJitHOMy. To write a a pistol.
prescription for a patient. BbICTyiIA|Tb, -io, -erab, -iot imp./
Bb'IIIHTb see HHTb p. BbiCTy|nHTb, -nuio, -numb, -hat
B bl HO JI H £ HH E
neut. fulfilment 1. to speak. BbicTynnTb na co6paHTui.
Bf>ino.miemie njiatia. The fulfilment To speak at a meeting. Bb'iCTy-
of a plan. nuTb c pe^bK). To make a speech.
Bb'inOJIHHTb see BbHIOJIHtfTb 2. to appear. Bbic/rynHTb b rjraBFioa
BbinOJIH#|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. pOJin, To appear in the principal
TITO? / P>
BbinOJlH|HTb, ~K>, -Hfflb, role
-at to carry out, to fulfil Bb'ierynHTb see BbiCTynATb
BbinojiHHTb 6ojibinyio pa6oTy. To BblCTyriJIEHITE neut
carry out a great work. BbinoJinriTb 1. speech. BbicTynjieime AeJieraTa.
MecHHHbiii njiai-i. To fulfil a monthly The delegate' s speech. BbiCTynjie-
plan. HiieMHHticTpa HHOcrpaHEbix fleji
BbinyCKA|Tb, -io, -erab, imp.
-jot no TejieBHfleHHio. The foreign mi-
Koro? mo? /p. BbinylcTiiTb, -my, nister's appearance on television.
-CTHIUb, -CTflT 2. performance. BbiCTynjieniie ap-
1. to let out. BbinycTiiTb irrauy 113 TifCTOB. The actors' performance.
KJTeTKH. To let the bird out of BblCmiHft, -an, -ee, -He
the cage. 1. higher, superior
2. to turn out. Bb'mycTHTb cneuHa- 2. highest, supreme
jiiictob. To turn out specialists. <> Bhicmee o6pa30Banne. Higher
3. to turn out. BbinycKaTb npo- education. Bbicinnu opraa BJiacTii.
jryKLimo BticoKoro KaiecTBa. To The supreme organ of power.
turn out high-quality products. Bb'ITAmHTb see TAlUtfTb, 2
Bb'myCTHTb see BbinYCKATb BblTEPETb see BblTHPATb
BBIPA2KEHHE neut. expression BblTHPA|Tb, -erab,
-10, -iot imp.
f

1. MirrepecHoe BLipa?KeHiie. An in- q t 0? / p. BbiTepeTb, BbiTply, -erab,

teresting expression. -yT, past BbiTep, -Jia, -no, -jih to wipe
2. BwpaJKeHHe Jiima. Expression. BbiTepeTb pyKH h Jiuno nojioreH-
Bb'IPACTH see PACTS UeM. To wipe one's hands and
BbICOK|IIH, -aa, -oe, -ire, short form face with a towel.
bmcok, BticoK|a, -6, -h; adv. bhco- Bbiy^HTb see yqftTb, 1
ko; comp. Bbirae Bb'IXOfl m. exit
1. tall. Beicokhh jbdm. A tall house. Bwxoa H3 MeTpo. The exit from the
BbicoKiin HeiroBeK. A tall man. underground station. Bwxoa H3
2. fig. high. Bbicokhh ypoBeiib napna. The exit from a park.
JKH3HH. A high living standard. BblXOflSTb, BbixojKy, BbixoAumb,
BbicoKan TeMnepaTypa. A high Bbixo^HT imp. OTKJ'Aa?//?. BbiH-
temperature. BbicoKoe ^aBJieHHe. th, Bbinsly, -erab, -yT, past bh-
High pressure. BbicoKHH ronoc. raeji, BbiniJi|a, -o, -h to go out
A high voice. BblXO^HTb H3 KOMHaTbl. To go Out
BMCOTA f. height^ of the room. Bwhth H3 KJiacca. To
Bojibmaa BbicoTa. A great height. go out of the classroom.
IIpbiWKH b BbicoTy. High jumping. <> BbiiiTH H3 TepneHHH. To lose
3Aanne cto MeTpOB b BbicoTy. A patience. Bhhth cvxhm H3 boaw.
BblX 25 rjiA

To come off unscathed, Bbiirrii 113 To study

rpa<J)riaecKOM {fmKyjnyrexe.
ce6a. To lose one's temper. in geography department.
the
BMXOAH|0ft, -aa, -oe, -tie free TEOrPAODHH /., no pi. geography
Bbixo;iHOH ACHb. A day off, H ce- ®H3aaecKaa reorpatfaa. Physical
toahh BbixoAHOH. / am free today. geography. SKOHOMj'iaecKaa reorpa-
<J)HH. Economic geography.
TEOJIOr m. geologist
r >
r BbiTb reojioroju. To be a geologist.
rEJ'OH^ECKlHM, -an, -oe, -lie heroic
TA3 m, gas repoaaecKMH TpyA. Heroic labour.
Boaopoa — JierKHH
ra3. Hydrogen FeponaecKaa 6opb6a. Heroic struggle.
is a light gas. V
nac npoBejiir ra3. rEPOM m.
They laid on gas in our house. 1. hero. Tepon bohhh. A war hero.
F A3 ETA /. newspaper 2. hero. rjiajmuH report poMana.
HHTaTb ra3eTy. To read a newspa- The hero of the novel.
per. CerOAHEfflHHH ra3era. Today's 3. hero. Tepoii TpyAa. Heroes of
newspaper. labour.
TAJTCTyK m v (neck)tie TflBHiyTB, -y, -enib, -yT, past rn6,
3aBfl3aTb raJiCTyK. To tie one's tie, -jia, -jio, -Jin imp. ot aero?/
IlKOHepcKHii raxrcTyK. Young A p. norn6H|yTfe, -y t
-eaib, -yT
Pioneer's scarf, Bo BpeMfl Bxopon MHpOBOTl BOHHbl
TACIlTb, raniy, racimiB, racaT imp. norw6jiii MHJiJJHOHbi aioaen. Mil-
no? / p. noraciiTb, noramy, nora- lionsof people died in the Second
cniiib, noraeax to switch off, to World War. flepeBbfl r«6nyT ox
put out MopoBa. Trees perish with cold.
Facnxb CB8T. To switch off the
light. IToracaxb nocxep. To put out
THMHACTHKA no pi. gymnastics
YTpeHHfia niMHacTHKa. Morning
a fire.
p. t. exercises. CnopTiiBnaa niMna-
TACTPOHOM m. provision shop
CTHKa. Sports gymnastics, flejiaxb
KynHTb npoAVKTbi b racTponoMe.
To do
rx^MH acTHKy p. t. exercises.
To buy foodstuffs at a provision shop.
.

3aHWMaTbca niMHacxiiKOH. To prac-

rflE tise gymnastics.
1. adv. where. r#e Bbi pa6oTaeTe?
Where do you work? F#e bli H(e-
FJIABA 1 /., pi. rjiaBbi head
TjiaBa Aeaeraaan. The head of the
BeTe? Where do you lire?
delegation. Fjrasa npaBWTeabcxBa.
2. asconf, where. floM, rAe a SKHBy,
The head of the government.
nocTpoea b 3tom roAy. The house
<> CTOHTb bo rnase Mero-jiH&'o.
in which I live was built this year.
To be at the head of something.
rgE-HXIBy#b adv. somewhere
R 6yAy TAe-Hn6yAb 3Aecb. / shall TJIABA 2 /., pi. rjiaBbi chapter
be somewhere here. IlepBaa TJiaBa. The first chapter.
Tflfi-TO ado. somewhere FJIABHjblH, -aa, -oe, -hie principal,
Mbi e BaMH rae-TO BCTpeaajincb. chief, main
We have met somewhere, rjiaBHbiH BDnpoc. The principal
rEHHAJIBHjblS, -aa, -oe, -bie of question. FjiaBUbiH peAaaxop. Edi-
genius tor-in-Chief. rjiaBHbia Bpa !. Head 1

nieacnap —
reaaajrba&ia anrjiiiH- physician.
ckkh ApaMaTypr. Shakespeare is a rJIAi^HTb, ~>ay, -Aiioib, -Aax imp./
great English dramatist, FeanaJibHoe p. norjia|AHTb, -n<y, -Aanib, -Aax
npoii3BeseHne. A work of genius. 1. a t o? a e m? to iron, to press.
rEOrPAO>$HECK|HfiU -an, -oe, -ne TaaAHXb py6ami<y yTioroM. To
geographic(al) iron a shirt.
feorpa^iTqecKHH aTJiac. A geograph- 2. koto? a to? no a e m y? to
ical atlas. BejiHKHe reorpatjnrae- FaaAaxb peSeaaa no ro-
stroke.
CKHe OTKpbiTna. The great geograph- jiOBe! To stroke the child's head.
ical discoveries'. yaaxbca Ha reo- rJlAflKlHfl, -aa, -oe, -ne smooth
fjta 26 roji

FjiaflKan noBepxnooTB. A smooth 1. p. CKa3aTB, GKajKy, CKa>Kerub,

surface. CKaJKyT k o m y? to speak, to tell,
TJIA3 m., prepos. o rJiase & b rjia3y; to say. K CKa3aji omy npaBAy. /
pi. eye
rjra3a, rno.3 told the truth to my father. H
BojiLniiie rjia3a. Big eyes. roBopnji oTny 06 stom. / told
<> 3to cjiy^HJiocb na naixinx rjia- Father about it. FoBopaTe rpoM-
3ax. It happened before our eyes. ^e. Speak louder. GnajKHTe ee-
IlycTHTi* nwjifo b rjia3a. To cut a CKOJiBKO cjiob o Mock Be. Say a
dash. FoBopiiTi* npaBfly n rjia3a. few words about Moscow.
To speak the truth to one's face. 2. p. noroBopiiTb or has no p. as-
ToBopiiTb c rjiaay na rjia3. To pect c k e m? to speak, to talk
talk confidentially. MjjTii Kyna rjia- (1) H roBOpio c flpyroM o er6
3a rjiflAHT. To follow one's nose. cecTpe. / am speaking with
CAGJiaTb 5ojibmHe rjia3a. To make my friend about his sister.
big eyes. H noroBopHJi c naotuom
TJiyEHHA /.^depth 3 ry
r
TeMy. / had a talk with
Ha rjiySnne CTa MerpOB. At a depth Father on that subject.
of one hundred metres. UlaxTa rjiy- (2) H roBopio no-pyccKii. I speak
6hhoii b TpiiCTa MeTpoB. A pit Russian. Oh ne roBopHT no-
three hundred metres deep. aurJiiiucKii. He doesn't speak
<> B rjiyo'ime ca^a. In the heart English.
of the garden. TOR m., prepos. b rofly & o ro#e;
rJiyBOK HIi, -an, -oe, -ne, short form pi. toru & rojia
rjiySoK, rjiy6oK|a, -6, -h; adv. rjiy- 1. year. YqeSnBin roA. School
6ok6; comp. rny6me year, academic year. H poftHJica
1. deep. FjiySoEsaa pena. A deep b 1941 rosy. I was born in 1941.
river. 2. gen. pi. jiot year. CnoJibKO BaM
2. fig. profound, rjiySoKHH yw. JI6T? How old are you? Mhb 20
Profound intellect. FjiySoKOe nyB- jieT. / am 20 years old. 23 Mm
ctbo. Deep feeling. rofla. / am 23 years old. FLpo-
rJI"^n|blfi, -an, -oe, -He, short form mJio 4 ro^a (5 Jiei). 4 (5) years
rjiyn, rjryua, rjiyn|o, -li; adv. rjiy- passed
no stupid, foolish <>* C Hobmm roMOMj A Happy New
rjiyn hh ^ejioBeK. A
stupid man. Year!
TJiynan mhcjib. A
foolish idea. Oh rOJIOBA. /., acc. roJioBy; pi. tojiobbi,
nocrynuji rjiyno. He acted foolishly. tojiob, roJioBaM, etc. head
rJiyX|OS, -an, -6e, -He, short form y MeHa 6ojiht roJiOBa. / have a
rjiyx, rjiyxa, rJiyx|o, -n; adv. rjiyxo headache.
1. deaf. TJiyxoa neJiOBeK. deaf A <> CfieTJiafl rojiosa. bright head. A
person. IlycTafi rojiosa. An empty head.
2. /ig. out-of-the-way. Fjiyxon HoBeciiTb rojiosy. To hang one's
Kpaii. An
out-of-the-way region. head. IIoTepfiTb roJioBy. To^ lose
rJIfl|flETL, -jKy, -fliimb, -flHT imp. one's head. Mne npunuia b roaoBy
H.a k o r 6? Ha hto? bo hto?/ MbiCJib. An idea occurred to me.
pi norjin|AeTB, -x<y, -ahuib, -a^t Miie npanuto b rojiosy. It occurred
to look to me.
IIorjiHflH na nerol Look at him! rOJIOJi; m., no pi. hunger
TjiH^eTB b okho. To look out of the rionyBCTBOBaTb rojiofl- To feel hun-
window. gry. YMepeTb c roJiOAy- To die of
riiET m., no pi. yoke, oppression hunger.
HaxoA-HTtCH nojj; raeTOM 3aBoeBaTe- TOJIO^HlLlfl, -an, -oe^ -He, short
Jien. To 6e under the yoke of the form roJiOAen, roJioAHa, roJiOAH|o,
conquer ers.
TOBOPjfiTb, -16, -mhb, -ht *mp. 1. hungry. Fojioahhh nejiOBeK. A
hto? o k 6 m? o h e m? k o m y? hungry person. H rOJiOffen. / am
C K e M? hungry.
rojr 27 rop

2. only complete form starving. FOPE neut., no pi. misfortune

roJiOAHafl CMepTL. Starvation. y Hero doJibmde rope. A great mis-
TOJIOC m., pi. -a fortune befell him,
1. voice. HK3KHH tojioc. ^4 Zow FOP|ETb, -io, -umb, -ht imp.
yoice. Bhcokhh roJioc. -<4 1. p. Crop|eTb, -TO, -HUJb, -H.T to
^oice. Jin mnTBCH roJioca, To lose burn. FopuT CBeaa. A candle
one's voice. burns. TopaT AP^Ba. Firewood
2. vote. Tojioc H36npaTejm. The burns. TopnT a om The house is -

vote of an elector. on fire.

2. no p. to burn. B KOMHaTe ropuT
rOJIOqOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT
CBer. There is a light in the room.
imp, 3 a k o r 6? 3 a i t 6? np 6-
3. fig. to shine, to sparkle. Tjiasa
t n b koto? npoxHB
Her 6?/
y nerd ropaT ot paAOCTtf. His
p. nporojiocjoBaTt, -yio, -yemt, -yioT eyes are shining with joy.
to vote
rOPJIO neut. throat
FojiocoBaTB aa KanAHAaTa b ffeny-
Taxbi. To vote for a candidate.
y Mena 6ojiht ropJio. / have a sore
throat.
ToJiocoBaTB npOTHB pe30Jii6nHH. To
vote against a resolution. rOPH|BlS, -an, -oe, - He
1. mountain. FdpHBie BepmiiHH.
rOJiyE|Ofi, -an, -de, -He light-blue
Mountain tops.
FoJiySde nedo. A
light-blue sky.
2. mining. Fdpnaa npOMLimjieH-
FoJiydne rjia3a. Blue eyes.
hoctb. The mining industry.
rOJiy.E|I> mgen. pi. -eii dove, pigeon
, FdpHbin HHCTHTyx. A mining
JleTHT roJiydn. The doves are fly- institute.
ing.
T0P03 m., pi. -a city, town
rOJI|BlH, -an, -oe f
-we naked, bare KpyunwH npoMHUEJieHHHH rdpoA-
FdJiaa cnima. A naked hack. Fdjibie A large industrial city. B rdpoAe
AepeBbH. Bare trees. MHoro caAOB. There are many gar-
TOPA /., acc. ropy; pi. ropn, rop, dens in the city.
ropaM, etc. mountain, hill <> noexaxt 3a ropoA. To go to the
Bbicdnaa ropa. A high mountain. country.
}KnTb b ropax. To live in the moun- rOPO#CK|Oft, -aa, -oe, -tie city, town
tains. Ha ropax JieJKHT caer. There FopOACKOH TpancnopT. City trans-
is snow on the mountains. TypucTLi port. FopOACKon caA- A city park.
B3omjiii na ropy. The tourists rOPBK|HH, -aa, -oe, -ne, short form
climbed the mountain. ropeK, rqpbKa, ropbKjo, -n; adv.
<> He 3a ropanui. Close at hand, rdpbKO
not far away. 1. bitter. TopbKoe jiei-capCTBo. A
rOPA3#0 much, far
adv. bitter medicine.
Fopa3Ao Jiy^me. Far better. Topa3- 2. fig. bitter. TopbRaa npaBAa.
AO 6ticTpee. Much faster. ropa.3Ao The bitter truth. TopbHue cJie3bi.
yMHee. Much cleverer, Fopa3AO MeHb- Bitter tears. TopbKO nJianaTb.
rae. Much smaller / less To weep bitterly.
TOPIflHTBCH, -Hwcb, -RmmhCR, -hat- FOP/lHIMfi, -aa, -ee, -ne, short form
ch imp. k e m? Hew? to be proud ropaa, -a, -6, -k; adv. ropand
FopAHTBca ycnexaMH. To be proud 1. hot. Fopaann cyn. Hot soup.
of one's success. ropiiHTbca pdAH- 2. fig. ardent. ropaaaa JiiodoBb.
noii. To be proud of one's coun- Ardent love. ropaaHii npHBeT.
J r V- Warm greetings. Fopaad cnd-
FOPflfBTH, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form pHTb. To have a heated argu-
ropA, ropAa, rdpAO, rop ah; adv. ment.
rdpAO proud 3. fig. hot. Fopa^nii xapteep. A
FopAWU HeJiOBeK. A proud person. hot temper.
FopAan ^eByniKa. A proud girl. 4. fig.: Fopaaee BpeMa. A busy
TopAHH bha. A proud air. time.
roc 28 tpa

rOCnO^MTI m., pi.

rocnoAa, rocndA, rOTOBILlFl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form
rocnoAaM, gentleman; used in
etc. totob, -a, -o, -hi k xi
e m y? h a
addressing people
ydTCon! Mr. Watson!
Mr. FocnoAiiH HTO? & + i R f'
1. ready. yqemiK totob k 9K3aMe-
rOCTEnPHflMHIHfi, -an, -oe, -we Hy. The pupil is ready for his
hospitable examination.
rocTenpHHMHMM X03HHH. A hospi- 2. ready. Oh BcerAa totob noMOHb
table host. rocTenpHHMHaa dpana- TOBapniny. He is always ready to
A hospitable country. help a friend. Fotobmh na noA~
rOCTfiHH£(A hotel
biit. Ready to perform a feat.
/.
Mm ocTaHOBHJiHOb b rocTirniiiie.
3. ready. 06eA totob. Dinner is
ready.
We put up at an hotel. Ho Ban ro-
CTrH-nina. A new hotel.
<> ToxoBoe naaTbe. A ready-made
dress.
rOCTJb m. gen. pi. -eii guest,
visitor
t
rPA#yC mt
1. degree. TepMOMeTp noKa3LicaeT
JKeJiaHHHH rocTb. welcome guest. A nflTb rpaAycoB mime iiyjin (bh-
MnocTpaHHHe toctil Foreign visitors.
Hath b rocTii. To go on a uie nyjifl). The thermometer
shows five degrees below zero
visit. BbiTb b rocTax. To be on a
(above zero).
visit.
2. degree, yroji b 45 rpaAycoB.
rOCyflAPCTREHHIMfi, -an, -oe, -ho An angle of 45 degrees.
state
rocyAapcTBeHHLin eTpoiL A state
rPAJKflAHHH m., pi. rpajKAane,
rpa>KAaH
system. FccyAapcTBeueKie rpairan>i.
1. citizen. Fpa>KAauun CoBeTCKoro
State frontiers. FocyAa pCTBennaH
ncJiHTHKa. A state policy. Moc-
Coi03a. A
citizen of the Soviet
Union.
kobckbh rocyAapCTBenHUH yniiBep-
2. used in addressing people Sir.
ciit6t. Moscow State Univer-
FpaHCAaHirn, arcajKHTe, nomaJiyn-
sity.
CTa, TAe naxoAHTca Tearp? Sir,
rOCyflAPCTBO neut. state; country
will you kindly tell me where the
B 3tom rocyAapcTBe >khbgt 15 miiji-
theatre is?
jihohob qejiOBen. The population
of this country is IS million. rPAKflAHCKlHH, -an, -oe, -ne civil,
rOTO|BHTb, -bjiio, -Biirab, -bht imp. civic
koto? mo? FpajKAancKHH rojit. One's civic
1. p. npnroTolBHTL, -bjiio, -Burnt,
*
duty.
-bht to prepare. Fotobutb <0> TpajKAaHCKafl Bofina. A civil
ypoK. To do a lesson. Fotobhtb war.
o6eA- To cook dinner. TPAMM m. gramme
2. p. noArOTo|BHTb, -bjiio, -Biimb, Combcot rpaMMOB caxapa. Seven
-bht to prepare. Fotobiitb cne- hundred grammes of sugar.
nuaJiHCTOB. To train specialists. rPAMMATHKA f % grammar
Fotobhtb ynenuKOB k OKsaMeny. TpaMMaTHKa pyccKoro H3biKa. A
To prepare pupils for an exami- Russian grammar.
nation. rPAMOTHIMfi, -an, -oe, -He, short
rOTO|BMTbCH, -bjiiocl, -bihhlch, form rpaMOTee, rpaivroTH|a, -o, -w;
-bhtch imp. k & ieMy?
inf. / + adv. rpaMOTiio literate
p. npiirOTO|BHTbCH, -BJIIOCb, -Burnt- FpaMOTHHH nejioBeK. literate A
ch, -bhtch to prepare, to get ready person. niicaTb rpaMOTHO. To write
CTyAeriT roTo bhtch k anaaMeny. literately.
The student
is preparing for an rPAHMI^A /. frontier; boundary
examination. CnopTCMen npuroTO- FocyAapcTBeHHan TpaHiirra. state A
bhjich npwrHyTb b bo Ay. The frontier.
sportsman got ready to jump into <> >Kbtb 3a rpanmieH. To live
the water. abroad. yexaTb 3a rpaHHiiy
rPE 29

To go abroad. IIpnexaTb H3-3a rpa- 1. coarse. Tpy6aH mepcTb. Coarse

imubi. To come from abroad. wool.
rPE|METb, -mjik), -Mumt, -mot imp. to 2. rude. FpySbni aejioueK. rude A
thunder person. Fpy6oe OTBonieane. A
rpeMHT rpoM. It thunders. rude attitude. Tpy6o oTBeTHTb.
rPE|Tb, -io, -enib, -k>t imp. a t o? / To reply rudely. Oh oaeab rpy6
p. corpelTb, -so, -emb, -iot c TOBapniaaMU. He is very rude
1. to give out warmth. Ocenbio to his friends.
coJiHue cbctiit, ho meljio rpeeT. 3. gross. Fpy6aa onii56Ka. A gross
In autumn the sun is bright but mistake.
not very warm. rpy#B /., prepos. na rpyaa chest;
2. to be warm, riajiivro xopomo breast
rpeeT. The overcoat is very <> KopmiTb pe6enKa rpynbio. To
warm nurse (suckle) a child.
3. to warm. FpeTb pyiai nafl or-
He*M. To warm one's hands over
rpy30BKK m., gen. -a lorry

the fire.
K floMy nonbexaJi rpyaoBHK. A lor-
ry drove up to the house.
4. p. narpelTb, -10, -euib, -iot to
warm. HarpeTb BoAy AO 40 rpa- rpyniiA /. group
#ycoB. To warm the water to B Hainei TypneTCKon rpynne cc-Mb
40 degrees. HeJioceK. There are seven people in
TPHB m., gen. ~a mushroom our tourist group. Tpynna Aesy-
Ha6paib mboto rpn6oB. To gather meK. A group of girls.

a tot of mushrooms. BejibiH rpn6< rPyjCTfiTL, -niy, -CTt'iaib, -ctht imp.

An edible boletus. o k 6 m? o a e m? no k o m y?
rPHlIIl m. influenza no a e m y? to miss, to be sad
Bojierb rprinnoM. To be ill with TpycTHTb o TOBapume. To miss a
the y nero Ta>Kejiaa $6pMa
'flu. friend. TpycTHTb o ceMbe. To miss
rpunna. He has a bad attack of one's family.
the 'flu. OcjioHHemia nocrre rptra- rP^CTHIblfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form
na.^ Complications after the 'flu, rpycTen, rpycTHa, rpycTH|o, -h;
rP03A /., pi. rpoabi thunderstorm adv. rpycTHO sad
Ha^aJiacb rpo3a. Athunderstorm TpycTHbiH aeirobeK. A melancholy
broke JleroM aacTO Gubeuot
out. man. FpycTHoe miup. A sad face.
rpo3H.Thunderstorms often occur TpycTHaa necaa. A sad song. Mho
in summer. rpycTHO. / feel sad.
FPOM m. rpymA /.
1. thunder. 3arpeMeJi rpoM. It
started thundering.
1, pear. KynaTb HecKOJibKO rpym.
To buy some pears.
2. fig. storm. PpOM anjiofliiCMeH-
tob. A storm of applause.
2. pear-tree. B aameM canj pacryT
rpynra. There are pear-trees in
TPOMAflHIMfi, -an, -oe, -we, short
our orchard.
form rpOMa/iea, rpoMa/nrla, -o, -bi
huge, enormous rPH3H|BlR, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short form
rpOMa^HWH hom. A huge house. Fpo- rpasea, rpH3aa, rpa3a|o, -bi; adv.
MaAHbiH ycnex. An enormous suc- rpa3no
cess. 1. muddy. rpa3naa yjiima. A mud-
rPOMK|MII, -aa, -oe. -Ere, short form dy street.
rpoMOK, rpoMKa, rpGMKlo, -a; adv. 2. lit. & fig, dirty. rpH3naa py-
rpoMKo; com p. rpdrviae loud 6amKa. A dirty shirt. Tpasnaa
rpOMKHH 3ByK. A loud sound. pa6oTa. Dirty work. TpasHLiH
rpOMKHH rdjioc. A loud voice. FpoM- norrynoK. A dirty deed. Oh aa-
khh CMex. A loud laughter. Pa3ro- nacaa rpasao. He wrote care-
BapriBaTb rpOMKO. To speak loudly. lessly.
FPyB|blK, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short form TPH3B /., prepos. b rpa3n & o rpa-
rpy6, rpy6a, rpy6|o, -li; adv. rpy6o 3ii, no pi.
ryB 30

1. mud. Ha yjraije rpH3b. It's 2. pressure. OnasaTb AaBJieniie

muddy in the street. Ha ^eJiOBeKa. To exert pressure
2. dirt. rpa3b na EopoTHiiKe. Dirt on a person.
on a collar. AABHO adv.
rVBA /., pi. ry6bi, ry6, ry6aM, etc. 1. long ago. 9to 6hjio ffasHo. It
lip was a long time ago.
KpacHTb ry6bi. To make up one's 2. for a long time. H asbho ue bh-
lips. AeJi CBOero apyra. / haven't seen
ryJlH|Tb, -io, imp. }p. no-
-enib, -iot my friend for a long time.
-emb, -iot to walk
ryji;j|TL, -io, flA>KE even
particle
FyJiHTb c peSeHKOM. To go for a Oh name He 3axoTe# o6eAaTb. He
walk with a child. TyjTHTb u jiecy. would not even have dinner.
To walk in the forest. flAJIEE adv. further
ryCT|0tf, -an, short form
-de, -Lie, II TaK A&Jiee (n t. a.). ^4rcc£ so on
rycT, rycra, rycvrjo, -h; adv. rycxo; (etc)- „
comp. ryme jQ[AJIEK|HH, -an, -oe, -He, short form
1. thick, dense. TycTBie bojtocbi. AaJien, AaJieK|a, -6, -e; ac?v. AaJieKo;
Thick hair. FyCTdii Jiec. thick A comp. ^aJibme distant
forest. flepeBbfi pacryT rycxo. J^aJieKaa crpana. A distant country.
7
The trees grow thick. ExaTb flaJieKO. T go /ar. BbiTb
*?

2. thick. TyCTOii Thick hon-

mca. flaJiOKO or flOMa. 2^0 6e far from
ey. FycTaa c-MeTana. Thick sour home.
cream. flAJIbHpaK, -Kfl, -ee, -lie
3. dense. Fvctoh TyMan. A dense 1. distant, remote, flajibira'e paii-
fog. TycTOH piM. Thick ohli. Remote regions.
smoke. 2. long, flajibiiee nyremecTBHe. ^4
ryCjb m., gen. pi. -en goose /orcg journey,
>Kapenr>iH rycb. A
roast goose. 3. distant. flaJiEHne po/rcTBenHiiKH.
3Aecb MHoro ryceu. There are many Distant relatives.
geese here. HAJTBmE further, on
flflfy.
LIriTaHTe, noHtajiyiicTa, AajiBine.
Will you read on, please? IToha£m
A, a AaJibme. Let's go on.
.HAPHTB^ Aapio, ji&pmnb, R&ptn: imp.
J\A particle KOTO? H T 0? KOMy?
leM)'?/
1. yes. 3to tw?
11
—
fla, 3to h. "Is p. noaapHTB, noAapio, noAapiinib,
that you?" Yes, it's me." noAapaT to give (a present)
2. translated by the Imperative. iloAapi'iTb TOBapiiniy KHMry. To
fla 3ApaBCTnyeT Miip Ha 3eMjie! give a friend a book (as a present).
Long live peace on. Earth/ flATA /. date
flAIBATB, -io, -ernb, -iot imp. koto? 3HaMenaTejibHaH A&xa. A memorable
hto? kom y? Heuy7 / p. #aTb, date.
Aan, ^arab, flacT, fla^HM, j^aj^HTe, RATh see flABATb
AaAyr, past j^aji, -a, -o, -h to give ,0[BEP|B gen. pi. -en door
JX&Tb KHiiry TOBapHniy. To give, a CTeKJiHHHan ABepb, glass door. A
book to a friend. OTKpMTB ABepb. To open the door.
O R&Th corjiacne na <it6-jihoo.. SaKpbixb ABepb. To close the door.
To .give one's consent to something. Bohth b ABepb. To come (go)
JJaxb bo3m6/Ktiocti> komjWhSo through a doorway.
cj^ejiaTb ^to-jih5o. To enable some- flBSrAITBCH, -iocb, -erabca, -iotch
body to do something. or ABn>KerabCH, ABHJKyTCH imp.}
3ABJIEHHE neut. p. ABUH|yTbCH, -yet, -erabcn, -yTCH
1. pressure. ATMOc$epnoe AasJie- to move
. Hue. Atmospheric pressure. Y IT6e3A ABB>KeTCH CO CKOPOCTBIO 50
Hero BbicoKoe jjaBJieHHe kpobh. KHJiOMeTpoB b Hac. The train is
He Aas a Atg/i 6/oo^ pressure. moving at a speed of 50 kilometres
flBH 31 AEJl

an hour. J^BHraTbcH Bnepe#, To 2. action. 3th ashctbhh nrjHBeJiH

move ahead. He flBiirairrecbJ Don't K TOM)'', 'rro... These actions led
move! to...
ftBHJKEHHE neut. 3. action. fleiicTBiie nponcxoAHT b
1. movement. ^BHJKeraie njraneT ropofle H. b XIX Bene. The
BOKpyr Cojmna. The movement action takes place in the town of
of planets round the Sun. N in the 19th century.
.

2. traffic. ^BiDKemie TpancnopTa. 4. act. B nbece 4 ashctbhh. There

Traffic. PacmicaHHe ^bhjkghhh are 4 acts in the play.
noe3AOB. A railway time-table. JpflCTBfiTEJIBHO
3. movement. HaunonaJibHo-ocBo- 1. adv. really. Oh #eiicTBttTeji&Ho
SoAHTCJibHoe ABHH^eniie. The na- 3TO 3Haer. He really knows that.
tional liberation movement. Pa6d- 2. paren. word indeed. J}a, £eii-
<iee ABHHieHiie. The working-class cTBHTeJibHo, 6to iiyjKiio. Yes,
movement. flBiOKeHHe ctopohhh- that's necessary indeed.
kob MHpa. The peace movement. flEKCTBJiTEJlbHOCTb /., no pi.
flBriHyTbCH see flBfiPATBCH reality
,HBOE num. two 06l>eKTnBHaH AeHCTBtlTeJIbHOCTb.
JXnoe uymmm. Two men. J[Boe cy- Objective reality. ^encTBHreJibHOCTb
tok. Two days. Hamnx #neii. The reality of our
ftBOP m., gen. -a time.
1. courtyard. Mamima B^exaJia bo <> B flefiCTBiiTeJibHOCTH. In reality.
ABop. The motor-car drove into $EfiCTB|OBATB, -yjo, -yenib, -yior
the yard. imp.
2. outside. Ha RBope xojiojpo. It 1. to act. Teneps naAO fieiicTBO-
cold outside.
is BaTb. Now we must act.
3BOP[£U; rn. gen. -na palace
:
2. to affect. 3to na Meim ne Reii-
KopoJieBCKiiii ^Bopec;. King's CTByeT. It doesn't affect me.
palace. JXEK&B\\h m., gen. -A December
<> fleopea KyjibTypbi. palace of A B A©Ka6pe Ha^nnaeTCH 3iiMa. Win-
culture. ^Bopen, cnopTa. sports A ter begins in December. CeroAHH
palace. xpexbe AGKa6pff. Today is the third
ftEBOHlKA /., gen. pi. -eK (little) of December. Oh npneAex BOCbMoro
girl AeKa6p;i. Be will arrive on the
MajieHbKaH fteB0"5Ka. A small girl. eighth of December.
AEByffljKA /., gen. pi. -e K girl flEKAH m. dean
KpacMBan AeByniKa. A
beautiful flenae (Jnuionorw^ecKoro $aKyjib-
girl. TeTa yHHBepcHTexa. The Dean of
^EflymiKA m., gen. pi. -eK grand- the Philological Department of the
father University
Moh ji,eAyinKa jkhbSt b AepeBHe. flERJIAPAUM /. declaration
My grandfather lives in the country. fleKJiapamiH ctopohhhkob Mnpa.
flE5K#i'H|MII, -He
-an, -oe, A declaration of the peace-support-
1. duty. $eH<ypeHH Bpan. Duty ers.
doctor. fleJKvpuaH anTena. Duty 3EJIA|TB, -io, -emb, -iox imp. hxo?/
chemist's. flejKypnun Mara3iin. p. CAeJia|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot
A duty shop. 1. to do. "^to Bbi Ae^iaeTe ceroAHH
2. n. a person on duty. Kto ce- BenepoM? What are you doing
toahh AemypHbiii? Who is on this evening? MHe ne^iero Ae-
duty today? JJeJKypHHH no 06- Jiaxb. I've nothing to do. hh- R
d^jkhthk). The man on duty at ^ero He pernio. I am doing
the hostel. nothing.
#£flCTBHE neut. 2. KOTO? 1T0? KeM? KaKHM?
1. action. fle&cTBiie khcjioth na to make. JXena.i'b AeTajin. To make
TKanb. The action of an acid on parts. 3to cRemno ero cnacx-
material. JinBbiM. That made him happy.
ffE.II 32 flEP

3. to do. Maiurina AeJiaeT 80 km pon noJiOBtkre j\jm. In the after-

b qac. The motor-car does 80 km noon. B Teqenne jx\m. During the
an hour. day Mepe3 2 rux. In 2 days. 2
%
pa
<> flejiaTb jioKJiaA- To make a re- na3aA. 2 days ago. Ha cjieAyionitin
port. ffejiaTb ou!u6kh. To make AOHb. Next day.
mistakes, ffeiiaTb H3 aiyxn CJiona. <> Bbixomioii Aerib. A day off.
Cf- To make a mountain out of a fleiib HesaBHcriMOCTii. Independence
molehill. Day. JQ^eiib pon^eaun. Birthday.
ffEJIETAT m. delegate Oh npiieaex na nunx. He will come
fleJieraT KOH$epeuAiin. A delegate one of these days. XonHTb Kyua-
to a conference. -jih6o »iepe3 aenb. To go somewhere
flEJIErAUHH /. delegation _
every other day.
npaBiiTejibCTBeHHan ^JierauiiH. A ffEHbPH pl. t
7io sing., gen. jxeuer
government delegation. CnopTHBnan money
AeJieraujifi. A sports delegation. IToJiyqaTb AeiTbrn. To receive mon-
ffEJIllTb, jjbjiio, jiemiwb, a6jiht imp. ey.
koto? ito? / />, pasjjtejiHTb, ffEIiyTAT m. deputy
-AGJiio, -jxenuuik, -flejiHT to divide ffenyTaT napjiaMeHTa. A member of
Pa3^oji»Ti> CTpaHHity ira ABe iiacTii. parliament. IlaJia-Ta AenyraTOB. The
To divide a page into two parts. Chamber of Deputies.
Pa3AeJir'iTb 10 iia 2. To divide 10 flEPEBHH gen. pi, fle-peaenb
by 2. village. ffepeBHH crorijia na 6e-
1.

J5JLJ1Q neut.t pi. Rena, kcji, Ae-JiaM, pery pcKii. The village was on
etc. business the bank of the river.
y Me Ha k BaM
AeJio. I've got busi- 2. country(side). /KiiTb b /jepeBHe.
ness to discuss with you. To live in the country.
<> Ba>KHoe a6jio. An important flEPEBO neut., pi. jjepeBha, AepeBbeB
business. Kan ne.7a? How are you 1. tree. BbicoKoe AepeBO. A tall
getting along? On nomeji no tree.
jiaM. He went out on business. 3to 2. only sing. wood. Hbihk ii3 j\q-

He name n&xo. It's not your busi- peaa. A wooden box.

ness. B mcm aejio? What's the mat- ffEPEBflHHIBIM, -an, oe, -ho
ter? CfleJiaTb qjo-HuSyAb MejKay wooden
H&jiom. To do something at odd flopoBf'rHHLiH aom. A wooden house.
moments. ffEf^KATB, Aep>KHnib,
Aep?K.v, Aep-
flEMOKPATfiHECKlHS, -an, -oe, -He HtaT imp. k o r d? hto? to hold
democratic flepmarb nopT(f>eJiL. To hold a bag.
ffeMOKpaTtHecKHH CTpoii. A. demo- ffep^KaTb peoefiKa na pyKax. To
cratic system. fleMOKpaTifaecKaH hold a child in one's arms, ffep-
pecny6JiiiKa. A democratic repub- m&Th peSeiiKa 3a pyKy. To hold
lic. a child by the hand.
ffEMOKPATHH /. democracy O flepHcaTb ceOH n pyKax. To
nojiaaa AGMOKpaTim. Complete de- control oneself.
mocracy. p. cAepH<aTb, CAepjKy, caepnuinib,
HEMOHCTPAmiH /.
CAep>KaT. Cjiep/KaTb cjiobo. To keep
1. demonstration, fleMoiicrpauim one's word.
cocto^tch Ha HJiomaAii. The dem- JJEP/KATbCH, Aep>Kycb, nepwumbCH,
onstration will take place in Aep>KaTca imp. 3 a q t 6?
the square. 1. to hold on. ffep/KaTBCH sa py-
2. showing, presentation. ffeMOH- Ky. To clutch at somebody's
CTpaiuiH HOBoro (j)MJibMa. The hand. ffepwaTbCfl 3a nepaJia. To
showing of a new film. hold on to the handrail.
ffEHb m ; gen. Ann day
, 2. to behave. ffepn^aTbCH xpa6po.
B naqajie ruh. In the morning. B To behave in a courageous man-
cope^WHe riw. At midday. Bo bto- tier.
 33

flETAJIB /. part a plant, flupeKTop iiikoJIli. The

fleiaJib MamiiHH. A part of a ma- director of a school, head-master.
_ ^chine. JPIPIDKEP m. conductor (of an or-
ftfiTIl pl., gen. flCTea, dat. fteTHM, chestra)
instr. fleTbMir, prepos. o agthx; SHCqHIlJIfiHA /., no pl. discipline
si^. peSenoK children Co6JiK)ftaTb flHcijiraJiMHy. To observe
Kniint fljia A e Teii. Books for chil- discipline, ^iicrinnjiuna Ha ypoKe.
dren, y
Hero ABoe nenm. He has The discipline at the lesson.
two children. Otu,li ii fleTH. Fathers flJIHHA /., no pl. length
and sons. Mepa ajiiihh. A measure of length.
#ETCK|HfI, -an, -oe, -ire child's, Il3MepiITb flJIHHy KOMIiaTLI. To
children's measure the length of a room. Yjih-
J^eTCKoe Jiiinp. A child's face. na a juih6io b 3 KHJiOMeTpa. A street
• ^eTCKHH Tearp. A children's the- 3 kilometres long. IIpbOKKii b ajih-
&tr&. uy. Long jumping.
#eY>CKn " ca A- A kindergarten. HJlflHHlWfl, form
-an, -oe, -we, short
3ETCTB0\zeJ^-» n0 P l -
childhood Ajihiigh, flJiHHHa, a j™h6, Rmhmhi
B ffeTCTBe oh >KHJI B flepemre. He' 1. long, fljnmnoe naJifcTQ, A long
lived in the courJ r V in his child overcoat.
hood. 2. long. JJjihhhlih nyTb. A long
l0rt f ortn way.
JpmEB|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He, »*
1

AemeB, AemeBa, A&neB|o, -li; P® v - 3. only short form' fljinneir, AJiimn|a,

AemeBo; comp. AetneBJie cheap -6, -h too long. IlaJibTo ajihiiho.

flenieBLie Benin. Cheap things. Ky- The overcoat is ' too long.
miTh obohiii AemeBo. To bay vege- flJIH prep. -{-gin.
tables cheap. 1. for. y^eSHHKH RJlfl CTyAeHTOB.
flEHTEJIBHOCTB /. activity Textbooksfor students. KyntiTb
06iE[ecTBeHHafl j3,eHTeji£>H0CTb So- . nrpyniKU a^h jioreK. To buy
cial activity. toys for children.
ftHAMETP m. diameter 2. to. flJM nerd sxo TflJKeJiMH y^ap,
fliiaMeip Kpyra. The diameter of It's a heavy blow to him.
a circle. ftHEBHlffi m., gen. -a diary
3,11b AH
m. divan BecTH ftiieBUMK. To keep a diary.
Gn^eTb na AHBane. To sit on a di- J^HEBHlOil, -aff, -oe, -Lie
van. Mhtkiih RnBan. A soft divan. 1. daytime. flneBntie 3aHHTHH. Day-
Jle^b na RHBan\ To lie down on a time lessons.
divan 2. day. ^HeBHoii cBeT. Daylight.
flflK[Iia, -an, -oe, -ne $HEM adv. in the daytime
1. wild. flnKiie >KHBOTiiHe. Wild ftneM HiapKO. It's hot in the day-
animals. ,D[fiKiie pacTeniiH. Wild time,
plants. AHO neut. no pl. bottom
t

2. fig. wild. flHKHH KpHK. A wild flno peKH. The bottom of a river,
cry. MopCKoe aho. Sea bottom. Hatm ko
flHKTATYPA /. dictatorship Any. To sink to the bottom.
ftHIIJIOM m. diploma RO prep. gen. +
IToJiy^HTb nHHienepa. To
ahhjiom 1. to. Ot Mockbh ao KiieBa. From
receive an engineer's diploma. Moscow to Kiev. floexaTb jip
JIOM ATfiH E CKjllfi -an, oe, -ne , neiiTpa. To go to the centre. floft-
diplomatic tit ao ABepn. To reach the door.
ycTanoBPiTb AnnjioMaTiineCKHe otho- 2. till. Ot 2 ao 5. From 2 till 5.
ineHHH. To establish diplomatic re- G yTpa AO Be^iepa. From morn-
lations. flHnjiOMaTn^ecKiie OTHome- ing till evening.
hhh M&TRjxy CTpanaMn. Diplo??iatic 3. to. Bop&oa AO no6eAH. A fight
relations between countries. to the victorious end. Jlornvrarh
flHPEKTOP m., pl. -a director KHHry AO KOHAa. To read the

flnpeKTOp 3aB0Aa. The director of book to the end.

 34

<> 5Kh3bb #o booiim. Life before complete an undertaking. floeecTH

the war. Kor6-JiH6o ao cjie*3. To make one cry.
JJOEABHTB see /JOEABJIilTB flOBOJIBHO
flOBABJrU|TI>, -10, -emb, -iot imp. 1. adv. rather, y^e aob6jit>ho ho3a-
hto? ne ro?/ p. ,n;o6a|BiiTi>, -bjiio, ho. It's rather late already.
-BHIEEb, -BHT 2. predic. impers. (it is) enough.
1. to add. ^oSaBHTL cojih b cyn. y>Ke eo3aho: AOBoJibno BaM 3a-
To add salt to the soup. BHMaTBCH. It's already late:
2. to add. J^o6aBHTi> HecKOJibKo you've studied long enough.
cjiob. To add a few words. -HOBdJIBHlBlfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
HOEHBAITBCH, -iocb, -embCH, -iotch, form JXOBOJIQB, AOBOJIbH|a, -o, ~bl
imp. ^ero?/ p. aoShtbch, Ao6b]£5cb, k e m? h eM? contented, pleased
-embCH, -iotch to strive ^OBOJibHbiii BHA- contented look.A
flo6iiBaTbCH ycnexa. To strive for H AOBOJien TBoeS pa6oTOH. / am
success. pleased with your work.
HQBfiTLCH see ^OEHBATBCH flOrAHATBCH see flOr A JX BIB ATBCH
flOBP|BIfl, -an, -oe, -He, s/ior£ form JSflT A BIB A TBC H
I -iocb, -embca,
.

Ao6p, ^o6pa,! flo6po, fl66pH kind -iotch imp. h

e m?/ p. AoraAa|Tb-
fl66pwn neJioBeK. person. /ci^c? ch, -iocb, -embca, -iotch to guess
<> ,fl[66"pbm ^enb!£oo<3 afternoon! Oh AoraAaJica, o hqu ohi'i tobo-
floo'poe yTpo! Good morning! JIk>ah pHJIH, XOTH OHHTOBOpHJIII THX0.
Aoopoii bojih. People of good will. He guessed what they were talking
EyftbTe n66pbi. Be so kind. Cjie- about, though they were talking in
jiaTb hto-jih5o no Aoftpoil BOJie. low voices.
To do something out of good will. AOrilATB see flOrOHtfTB
ROB BIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. flOFOB A PHB A TBCH -iocb,
I
, -euibcn,
hto?//?. ^o6biTb, Aody^ly, -crab, -iotch imp. o h e m? c k e m? /
-yT to extract p. AOrOBOp|HTbCH, -K)Cb, -HIHbCH,
]Xo6hiBdLTh yroJib. To mine coal. -htch to agree, to fix
BATE floroBopHTbca o BCTpene c TOBapn-
JJOBBlTB see flOBBI
^OBEPHE neut., no pi. confidence, trust
meM. To fix a meeting with a
friend. OrpaHLi AoroBopriJincb o
OnpaB/jaTB AOBepne. To justify
KyJibTypuoM oSiviene na cJiQpym-
somebody's confidence. 3acJiy>KHTb
niuH roA. The countries agreed about
AOBepne. To prove to be worthy of
the next year's cultural exchange.
one's trust.
30BEPHTB see ftOBEPtfTB AOrOBOP m. treaty, agreement
-emb, -iot imp. hto?
^oroBop Apy?«6e h B3aHMH0H no-
ftOBEPtfjTB, -io,
K M y? / p. AOBep|HTb, -k>, -urab, -at mouih. A treaty of friendship and
mutual aid. MirpHbiH AoroBop. A
1. no p. to trust. flosepHTb Apy-
peace treaty. ToproBbiH AoroBop.
ry. To trust a friend.
2. to entrust. JJoBepHTb Apyry
A trade agreement. BaKJiiOHHTb
MiipHLin A°rOBop. To conclude a
Tanny. To take a friend into
peace treaty. IToAnncaTb Aorosop
one's confidence.
o Mupe. To sign a peace treaty.
flOBECTfl see flOBO^fiTB
^OBOflflTB, AOBOJKy, AOBOAnnib, ao- flOrOBOPHTBCH see flOrOBAPH-
bo^at imp. k r 6? hto? ao B ATBCH
Hero? /p. ^oBecTir, A° Be Aly> -emb, ^OrOHillTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. ko-
-yr, past AOBeji, #0BeJi[a, -6, -h to to'? hto? / p. AornaTb, Aoromo,
lead to (as far as), up to Aoronnnib, AoronHT, past AornaJi,
floBecTii Kor6-HH6yAb ao Kanoro- -rnajia, -h to overtake
-ruaJi|o,
Hii6y£b To lead somebody
MecTa. JJoroHHTb y6eraioii^ero HeJiOBena.
as far as some place. ^OBecTU To overtake a fugitive. fig. Oh |j

MajibHHKa ao CTanmiH. To take the AOJiro 6oJieJi, ho oh AoromiT cboio

boy to the station. rpynny. He was ill for a long time
#QBecTH Reno ao Koima. To but he will catch up with the group.
 35

,n;OE35KA|TI>, -io, -emb, -iot imp. j\o AOKyMeHTH. To get the docu-
Hero? / p. AoexaTL, ^oe^ly, -emb, ments.
-yr to reach 2. document. 9to onenb Ba>KHHH
floexaTb ao Mockbh. To reach Mos- AOKyMeHT. a very impor-
It is
cow. H Aoexaji ot Mockbli ho Jle- tant document. HcTOpifeecKHH AO-
HEHrpaAa 3a 8 ^acos. It took me KyMeHT. An historical .document.
8 hours get to Leningrad from
to flOJir m.
Moscow. 06btiho oh Aoe3jKaJi ao 1. no pi. duty. 9to moh AOJir. IV
rjeHTpa Ha aBT66yce, a hotom raeji my duty. BbinoJiHHTb 'CBOH AOJir.
nemKOM. He usually went to the To do one's duty.
centre by bus, and then walked. 2. pi. rojitA debt. B3htb Renhvn
ftOEXATB see RO&lRATh B AOJir. To .borrow money. Ot-
AOHxflJIflBlbIM, -an, -oe, -bie rainy AaTb AOJir. To pay one's debt.
^o^JiHBan noro^a. Rainy weath- VLueTh AOJinr. To be in debt.
er. ^OKA^Btii Reuh. A rainy Vnero MHoro aojttob. He has a
day, JSpmRMiBOQ JieTO. A rainy lot of debts,
summer.
r
<> H o"liji b AOJiry nepeA hhm, /
RO jiRJ\\h m. gen. -h rain
t
was indebted to him.
Ha^t Romph. It rains. IIpojihbhoh JifiJIVO adv. for a long time
rojKjxi*. Pouring rain. J\omjxh Jibex Rojifo >KASTb. To wait for a long
KaK E3 Be^pa. It is raining cats and time.
dogs. MeJiKHH oc6hhhh ao^a 11 An - AOJDKEH, AOJinaiJa, -6 -h
autumn drizzle. IIoa ao^A^m. In the 1. must. Mbi AOJiJKHti mhoto pa66-
rain. TaTb. We must work a lot-. Eo Jib-
ROXORftTh
ftOflTfi see nan AOJi>KHa JiejKaTb b noc/reJiH.
30KA3ATEJ1ECTB0 ne'ut. proof, evi- The sick woman has to keep to
dence her bed. H
aojtjkch hohth b Ma-
Cy7P>fl Tpe6oBaJi AOKa3are3ibcTB. The ra3iiH. / must go shopping. Mbi
judge demanded proof (s). 3aBTpa aojukhh 6yAeM BCTpe-
H0KA3ATf> see ,Ij;0KA3bIBATb THTbCH. We shall have to meet
flOKA3BIBA|TE, -io, -enib, -k>t imp. tomorrow. Oh AOJiH<eii 6uih 3Aecb
t o? k o m y? / p.
<j A0Ka3aTi>, AOKa- b 2 naca. He is: to^ be here at
my AOKteerab, AOKajKyT to prove
t
2 o'clock.
A Kan bh AOKajKexe, hto bbi npa- 2. to owe. Tli MHe aojokch 10 py6-
bbi? And how are you going to prove jieii. You owe me 10 roubles,
that you are right? ^OKasarb bto JJOM m., pi. -a house
TpyAHO. It's: difficult to prove that. IIocTpoiiTb aom. To build a house.
flOKJlAft m. report <> J\om KyjitTypbi. A house of cul-
Hay^iHUH AOKJiaA- scientific re- A ture. #om OTAbixa. A rest-home.
port. MHTepeCHbiH AOKJiaA. in- An HfiMA a 6? at home
adv. r
teresting report. CA^JiaTb AOKJiaA. Pa66Taxb AOMa. To work at home.
To make a report. ToTOBHTb AO- H 6yAy AOMa b 6 HacoB Beqepa.
KJiaA. To prepare a report. Toto- VXl be home at 6 o'clock in the eve-
BHTbCH k AOKJiaAy. To prepare for ning.
a report: AOMAmHlHfl, -hh, -ee, -ne
ftOKTOP m., pi. -a 1. home. floMamiiHH pa66Ta. Home-
1. doctor. Oiihthlih AOKTOp. An work. floMamnee 3aAanne. A
experienced doctor. HaAO nosBaxt home-task. floMamHHH Tejie$6n.
AOKTOpa. A
doctor must be A private telephone.
called. IIomth k AOKTopy. To go 2. domestic. floMamHne whbothhg.
to a doctor. EbiTb y AOKTO P a - Domestic animals.
To be at the doctor's. 30M0S adv. KyAa? home
2. doctor. floKTop nayn. A doctor Math aomoh. To walk home. Exaxb
.
(of science). Aomoh. To go home. Ilocjie paSoTbi
ftOKYMEHT m. H o6hhho HA3' AOMOH. After work I
r

1. usu. pi. document. IIoJiyHHTb usually go home.

flOP 36 Apy

ftOPOFA /. flOCTHrAlTb, -K), -em&, -k>t imp.

1. road. KlHpOKaH Aopora. A wide Hero? / p. ftOCTiirHlyTB, -y, -emb,
road. -yT & aoctkhb, ^ocTnrHjy, -emb,
2. way. IIoKa3aTB Aopory. To show -vt, past aoctht, -Jia, -jio, -jih
the way. 1. to reach. Ajibiihhhcth aocthfjih
3. journey. B Ropore 6i>ijio BeceJio. BepniMHH ropbi. The mountain
It was a merry journey. YcTaTb climbers reached the top of the
c ^oporn. To be tired after one's mountain.
journey. 2. to achieve. flocrnraTb 6ojibffiHX
<> >KeJie3oan flopora. A railway. ycnexoB. To achieve great success.
Math CBoefi Aoporoii. To go one's flocTH^ib npeKpacHHx pe3yjiBTa-
way. IIo AOpore. On the way. IIo tob. To achieve splendid results.
Aopore flOMOH oh Kynaji ra3eTy. On flOCTflrHYTb see flOCTBXATL
the way home he bought a newspa- flOCTMHEHIIE neat, achievement
per. flocTHjKeHHH MirpoBon HayKir. The
30POr|Ofi, -atf, -de, -ne, short form achievements of world science.
Aopor, flopora, Adporjo, -h; adv. AOXOflflTL AOXOJKy, aoxoahhtb,
, AO-
Aoporo; comp. flopojKe xoaht imp. a koto? A ne-
1. expensive, dear, floporoa: ko- rd?//?. aoh|tii, -Ay, -£emi>, -py Tf
ctiom. An expensive suit. flopo- past Aomeji, ^omjili, -6, -h to reach,
ran Me6ejib. Expensive furniture. to go as far as
2. dear, flopordn flpyr. Dear friend. ,D[ohth ao yHHBepcHTCTa, To reach
3. cherished, dear, floponie Bocno- the University. Or yHHBepcirreTa jio
MHHanHH, Cherished recollections. oSir^ejKtTTHH k Aomeji nemKOM. /
flO CBHflAHHH see CBH^AHHE walked all the way from the Uni-
flOCKA /., acc. AOCKy; pi. aockh, ao- versity to the hostel.
cok, ,n;ocKaM, etc. flO^b /., gen., dat. }
prepos. .nckepn,
1. board, fly 66 Ban AOCKa. An oak acc. aohb, instr. ftdnepBK); pi. ro-
board. nepa, Ao^epeH, AonepHM, Aoiepen,
2. blackboard. IlHcaTb Ha ^ocKe. To AO^epax
AO^epBMH (Ao^epHMH),
write on the blackboard. OrepeTb daughter
c ROCKii. To clean the blackboard. MJia/imafi ROHb. The youngest daugh-
<>- Kjiaccnan AOCKa. Blackboard. ter. GpeftHHH ^o^b. The middle
IIIaxMaTHafl AocKa. Chessboard. daughter. CTapmaH ROHh. The eld-
flocKa no^eTa. Roll of honour. est daughter.
HOGTA|BATf>, -16, -eniB, -k>t imp.
it 0? / p. ROCTajTB, -Hy, -nemb, -hvt flPEBHlHK, -n.fi, -ee, -ne ancient
flpeBHBie napOAti. Ancient peoples.
1. a ^ero? to reach. flocTaBaTb
HOTOJiKa. To reach flpeBHHH ^CTopHH. Ancient history.
AO the
ceiling. flpeBHne naMHTHHKH apXHTeKTypti.
Ancient monuments of architecture.
2. to get, to take. flocTaBaTb khh-
ry c noJiKH. To get a book from APCttKlATb, -y, -Hint, -aT imp.
the shelf. flocTaBaTb HJiaTbe H3 1. to quiver. JIkctbh ApoHfaT na
mKa$a. To take a dress out of ^epeBe. The leaves are quivering
the wardrobe. on the tree.
3'. to get. flocTaBaTt 6HJier&i b kh- 2. to tremble, to shiver. flpowaTb
ho. To get tickets for the cinema. ot xoJiOAa. To shiver with cold.
SOCTlTOHHO flpoJKaTb ot cTpaxa. To tremble
1. adv. enough. Pa66raTB Aocra- with fear.
tohho ^oJiro. To work long fl-pyr m., pi. Apy3bff, Apy3eH friend
enough. GTapHH Apy r An
old friend, flo-
-

2. predic. impers. (it is) enough, poroH Apyr. A

dear friend. Jlio-
that will do. Mne HHiaTb AaJib- 6hmbib[ Apyr. A
very dear friend.
me? —
Her, ^ocTaTO^Ho. "Shall I BepHbie Apy3kfi- Faithful friends.
go on reading?'* "No, that'll do. }*
Cxapbia j^pyr Jiyirae hobmx
flOCTATb see flOCTABA/TB ^eyx (proverb). old friend is An
 37

better than two new ones. JlpyzhH talk. noo'jiaroAapHTb ot jxymu. To

no3iiaK>TCfl ii 6e#e (proverb). Cf. thank from the bottom of one's
A friend in need is a friend indeed. heart. Ayma 66mecTBa. The life
#pyr|Ofl, -an, -oe, -ne of the party.
1. different. Tli cTaji ApyniM. ,E[yiIlH|blfl -an, -oe, -Bie; adv. flynmo
T

You've become different. 1. sultry. flyrnHBlii Benep. sultry A

2. otber. Ybh^hmch b Rpyron pa3. evening.
We'll meet some other time. 2. adv., predic. impers. (to be) suf-
3. used as n. otber. Oahit nonrjin focating. Mho Aymno. / am suf-
b khho, tfpyrne b TeaTp. Some focating.
went to the cinema, others to the
flBIM m., no pi. smoke
theatre.
TycTdn AtiM. Dense smoke.
<C> Ha ApyroS #eHb. The next day.
<> Hex Awiia 6e3 othh (proverb).
flPy^KBA /., no pi. frieiidsbip
There's no smoke without a fire.
BojiBman ApyjK6a. A great friend-
ship. flpy?K6a Hapd^oB (or: wSjKfly flBIXAHHE neut., no pi. breathing
Hapo^aMH). Friendship between TJiySoKoe AHxanne. Deep breathing.
peoples.. flBIHlATB, flBiniy, ABiniumB, fltiniaT
ftPyiKIITfc, Apy>Ky, flpyjKunib, flpy- imp.
m&.T imp. c k e m? c ieM? to be 1. to breathe. rjiy6oKO n>imaTb.
friends To breathe deep.flbiniaTb noJi-
flpytfUJTB c TOBapninaMii no hhcth- Hon rpyA*>K>. To breathe deep.
TVTy. To be friends with one's TflTKejio fltiniaTB. To breathe
fellow-students. with difficulty.
ftPy^KHlblil, -an, -oe, -Me; adv. 2. BaM naAO AbimaTB CBejKiiM B03-
:

appkho AyxoM. You must get fresh air.

1. friendly, united,flpynmaa ceMbn. flU^a m. uncle
A united family. HChtb Apyxmo.
To live in friendship.
2. concerted. flpytfCHaa pa66Ta.
Team work. Pa6oTaTB apyjKHO. E, e
To work as a team.
fl^MAJTB, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ito? ErO poss. pron., indecl. his
o kom? o h e m? <Sc -{- inf. jp, no#y-
3to ero nopT$eJib. This is his
Ma|TB, -io, -enib, -iot to think
brief-case. 9xa nnnra ero. This book
hcm tbi jjyMaemL? JF/taZ are t/ou is his.
thinking about? Hto tli AyMaemb 06
9TOM? What do you think of that?
E#A /., no pi. food
BnycHaH ej\k. Tasty food.
flyMaio, hto oh roBopnT npaB^y.
/ think he is speaking the truth,
EflBA
1. adv. nearly. Oh e^na ycneJi na
H syMaio 3aHHTLca cnopTOM. / am ypoK. He
was nearly late for his
thinking of taking up sport.
lesson. Ona e^Ba ne ycnyjia. She
3;yPAK m., gen. -a fool nearly fell asleep.
,Q[y[Tb, -io, -emt, -iot imp. 2. con), hardly. EftBa oh BbiraeJi na
1. to blow. G MopH ayer BeTep. y Jinny, Kai< nanajicH nomRb.
A wind is blowing from the sea. Hardly had he gone out into the
2. impers.: 3,n;eCB Ay eT There is a
-
street when it began to rain.
draught here.
E#tfHCTBEHH|BlH, -an, -oe, -Lie only
fly HI m. sbower EftiiHCTBeHHBin cbih. An only son.
IIpHHflTb jxym. To take a shower, E^HHCTBeHHbiH koctiom. The only
flyiHA /., acc. pymy; pi. flymn soul suit.
<> Xoporao na Ayme. At ease. EflflHCTBO neut. unity
flejiaTb c Aymofi. To put one's Ea&hctbo B3rJiH£0B. Unity of views.
heart into something. HoroBopHTb no Eahhctbo TeopHH h npaKTHKH. The
AymaM. To have a heart-to-heart unity of theory and practice.
Eflll 38 5KAJI

E^SHJLlfiL, -an, -oe, -He united, single "Are you hungry?' 1

"Yes, I am
EAunaa bojih. A
single will. Eau- very hungry,"
hhh HJian. A
single plan. ECTB see BBITB 2

EE pois. pron., indecl. her, hers EXATB, efljy, -einb, -yT; imper. noe3-
9to ee naJibTo. This is her coat. JKan, noe^eM, noe3?KaHTe imp. k y-
9th khhth ee. These books are A a? h a a e m? to go
hers. ExaTb na nap oxo Ae. To go by ship.
EaKEflHEBHIBItt, -an, -oe, -He; adv. ExaTb na TpaMBae. To go by tram.
eTKe^HeBHo daily ExaTb Ha n6>3Ae. To go by train.
E?KeAHeBHaff ra3eTa. daily paper. A ExaTb na aBTo6yce. To go by bus.
E>Ke#HeBHO ^eJiarb yrpeHHioio 3a- rioeAeM na MeTpol Let's go by the
p^AKy. To do p.t. exercises daily. underground/ ABi66yc 6biCTpo eAer.
£3|,0;HTb, -?Ky, -fliiniB, -flHT imp. The bus is going fast. IlHOHepM
1. to go. KajK^HHa e3Hiy jxenh eAyT b Jiarepb. The Young Pioneers
b HHCTHTyT Ha TpaMBae. Every are going to camp.
day I go to the Institute by tram. EH(E adv.
B nponuioM ro#y a e3#HJi Ha in more. flaiTe Mae eme xJie6a.
KaBKa3. Last year I went to the 3g Give me some more
bread. H xo-
Caucasus, .
ny KyniiTb kocteom h erne oahh
2. to ride. H ywceio e3AHTb na Be- TaJicryK. / want to buy a suit
JiocnneAe. / can ride a bicycle. :
and one more tie.
[
£JI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok fir-tree 2. still. Oh em;e o^chb mojioa. He
B Jiecy MHdro ejioK. There are many very young.
is still
fir-trees in the forest. 3. as much as, Oh yexaJi eme toa
<> HoBOrOAnaa ejiica. New Year na3aA- He left as much as one
year ago.
ECJIH 'conf. 4. still, y Hac eme mhoto BpeMena.
1. if.Ecjih a ne 6yjry oojien, to We still have plenty of time.
o6H3aTejiLHo npiifly B Tearp. // 5. still. Oh cTaji eme AoSpee h
/ am not ill, I'll certainly come Jiyame. He became still kinder
to the theatre.
Ecjih xoTHre, h and better.
paccKancy BaM. // you want, Vll
tell you. Ecjih 6h a 3naji 06
3tom paHbtne, a 6h He npnmeji.
// / had known this earlier I 5K, m
should not have come.
2. whereas. Ecjih na cesepe crpaHH 3KAJi;H|BlS, -aa, -oe, -He, short form
o^ent xojioaho, to na lore ?KapKO. JKaAeH, HtaAHa, jKaAHjo, -ee; adv.
Whereas it is very cold in the tk&aho stingy
north of the country, it is very }KaAHHH stingy person.
aeJioBeK. A
hot in the south 5KAJIE|TB, -emb, -io,imp. /
-iot
ECTECTBEHH|BlH, -an, -oe, -ne, short p. no?KaJie|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot
form ecrecTBes, ecTecTBeHn|a, -o, 1. Koro? hto? to pity. JKaJieTb
-h; adv. ecreCTBeHHO pe6eHKa. To pity a child.
1. only complete form natural. 2.0 k 6 m? o a e m? or followed
EcTeCTseHHue nayKH. Natural by conf. o to be sorry. 5Ka-
sciences. EcTeCTBenHHH <|>aKyjib- Jierb o noTepHHHOM BpeMeHH. To
TeT. Natural science faculty. be sorry for the time lost. H ?Ka-
2. natural. EcTecTBeHHoe JKejianne. Jieio, ^ito He noexaJi na aKCKyp-
A natural desire. chio. / am sorry I did not go on
ECTB 1, 6M, emb, ecT, ejxau, ej\me ej^ar; f the excursion.
imper. emb, 6oibTe, past eJi, eJia 3. Hero? to grudge. JKaJierb A©Her.
imp. f p. ctecTb, ci>eM,Cbenib, cbecT, To grudge the money.
CTbe^HM, cteAHTe, cbeAflT to eat 5KAJIK0 (5KAJIB) adv., predic. im-
Ectb cyn. To eat soup. Xonemb per s. k OM y? KOTO? H t o? or
ecTb? — fl^a, a oqenb xoay ecTb. Hero?
5KAJI 39 >KEH

1. koto? hto? (to be) sorry. MHe 3KE (7K) particle

jKaJiKO ?e6K. I am
sorry for you. 1. emphatic particle: Hto JKe Tbi
Mne >KaJmo cecrpy. / am sorry mojihhoib? Why on earth are you
for my sister, HaM JKaJiKO Hara silent? Hto 5Ke Mse #e^taTb? What
CTapuH £OM. We
feel sorry for shall I do? Kto ?Ke snaJi, hto no-
our old home. MHe jk&jiko nox£- ro/ra H3MeHHTCH? Who could know
pnHHoro BpeMeHH. sorry forVm that the weather would change?
the time lost. 2. exactly, Tery, just, etc. mqrh V
2. followed by conf. JKaaKO,no. ecTb Tanaa me KHura, KaK y
hto tbi He npnmeA. It's a pity Te6fl. I've got an exactly the same
that you didn't come, book as you. Ko mho npiixoflHJi
3. nero? to grudge. EMy HcaflKO tot JKe span, KOTdpBiH npiixo-
Aener. He grudges the money. fliiJi k Te6e. / 'was attended by
5KAJI|OBATBCH, -yiocb, -yembcn, the same doctor as you. B Ty m&
-yK)TCH imp. h a koto? na qxo? MHHyTy pa3Aajic>i 3Boh6k. At
komJ?//), no>Kaji|oBaTbCH, -yiocb, that moment the bell rang.
very
-yembCH, -yioTCH to complain 3KEJIAHHE neut. wish
JKaJiOBaTfcCH Ha CHHa. To complain y MeHH 6ojr&rn6e ?KeJiaHHe ynuTb-
of one's son. ch. / am eager -to learn.
HA Jib see 2KAJIKO 5KEJlA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-
>KAPEH|Blfl, -an, -oe, -tie fried, My? ne u y? Her 6? or followed
roast by inf. [p. noHcejia|Ti>, -10, -emb, -iot
JKapeHan KapTomKa. Fried pota- to wish
toes. ^KapeHoe mhco. Roast meat. JKejiaio BaM cnacTba, saopobbh n
5KAP|HTt>, -k>, -Hinb, -ht imp. ito? / SoJibmnx ycnexoB. / wish you hap-
p. HOflJKaplHTB, -K), -HDIb, -HT to piness, good health and great suc-
fry, to roast cess. 5Kejiaio BaM Bcero nanjiyq-
no£pKapHTb KapxomKy. To fry po- inero. / wish you all the best. ?Ke-
tatoes. JKapHTb mhco. To roast Jiaio bsm xopomo oTAoxnyTB. /
meat. wish you a good rest. H ne JKeJfaio
3KAPK|Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne; adv. jKapKo; HHHero cJiymaTb. / don't want to
comp. >Kapne hear anything.
1. hot. JKapKHH Rent,, A hot day. 3KEJIE3HIMH, -an, -oe, -He
>KapKan noroAa. Hot weather. 1. iron. ?KeJie3HaH KpBima. met- A
JKapKoe Jierb. A hot summer. al roof. }Kejie3Han pyAa. Iron ore.
2. adv., predic. impers. (is) hot. 2. fig. iron. ?KeJie3Hoe 3AopoBbe.
Mne JKapKO. / am hot. CeroAHH Strong health. 5KeJie3Han bojih.
onenb Htapno. It's very hot to- An iron will.
day. OaJio erne jKapne. It be- <> 3Kejie3Hafl Aopora. Railway.
came still hotter. 3KEJIE30 n., no pL iron
SKATJb, ?KM|y -emi., -yT imp. hto?/
f
B 9toh pyA<3 MHoro >Kejie3a. There
p. nonsaTb, hojrm^, -emb, -yT to is much iron in this ore. CAeJiaTb
press, to squeeze HT0-HH6yAk H3 JKeJie3a. To make
IIoJKaTb KOMy-HnSy^ pyny. To something out of iron.
shake hands with somebody. >KEJIT|bIIl, -aa -oe, -He yellow
f

5Kfl|ATI>, -y, -emb, -yT, past JK^aJi, JKejiTaa KpacKa. Yellow paint. JKeJi-
?KAaJia, >KAaJi|o, -h imp. koto? tbih HBeT. Yellow colour. JKeJiToe
hto? or Hero? nJiaTbe. A yellow dress.
1. koto? hto? wait. H^aTb
to 5KEHA /., pi. meubi wife
Apyra. To wait for a friend. Moa jKena — span. My wife is a
JKflaTb cecrpy. To wait for one's doctor.
sister. }K#aTb TpaMBan. To wait 5KEHATIMK, -He; short form JKenaT,
for a tram. -H (of men or of a married couple)
2. nero? to expect. HjiaTb nucb- married
Ma. To expect a letter, JK#aTb JKenaTHH HeJiOBeK. A married man,
noMomH. To expect help. H ne >KeHaT. I'm not married.
5KEH 40

JKEHtlTLCil, /Keniocb, JKeHiimbcn, jkg- 3. fig. lively. JKhboh pe6enoK. A

hhtch im/), & ^. na k 6 m? to
"

lively child. H{hboh vm. Live-

marry ly wit.
Moh flpyr jkohhtch . My friend is 4. >Kiib6h h3lik. A living
living.
getting married. Oh menimcR na language.
KpacHBoii jjeBymKe. He married a <> HxiiBbie D[BeTw. Natural flowers.
beautiful girl. >KHBOT m, gen. -a stomach
t

p. also nojKeHHTLCH*, sing, not used, y MeHH 6ojiitt >khbot. / have a

pi. n o>kg HiiMCH nojKeHnxecB, no>Ke-
, stomach-ache.
hhtch to get married 5ivHBOTH|OE neut., gen. -oro animal
Onii nomenirjinct y>Ke ftaBiio. They flimiie JKiiBOTHKre. Wild aniinals.
married quite a long time ago floMamHHe vKHBOxHbie. Domestic
}KEHCK|H&, -aa, -oe, -ne woman's, animals.
women's >KH#K|Hff, -an, -oe, -ne
/KencKan 66yBi>. Women's footwear. 1. liquid. JKiiftKoe xeJio. liquid A
Me>KAyHapOAH&iH JKencKiiir flenb. substance.
International Women's Day 2. thin. JKiiflKHH cyn. Thin soup,
TKEHmHHA /• woman }KHftKaH CMexana. Thin sour
Kpaci'iBan H^eHuiHHa. A beautiful cream.
woman
MCfiflKOCTB /. liquid
2KEPTBA /. HanoJiHiixB cocy#
^kmtikocxmo. To
1. sacrifice. Bmxb totobmm na mo- fill a vessel with a liquid.
JKepTBLi. To be ready to
6bie .VK$3 H EHH Bill -an, -oe, -tie life
|
,
make any sacrifices. IIphhochtb }Kii3HeHHtiH onuT. Life experience.
>KepxBM. To make sacrifices.
H013HB /. life
2. victim. Bmtb (cTaxb) >KepxBoir.
>Kii3Hb ^ejiOBena. Man's life. }Kii3Hb
To be (become) a victim.
pacTeHHH. The life of plants. Kan
HvECTK|IItl, -an, -oe, -ire wiry, hard B03HHKJia jkhbhb na 3eMJie? Bow
2KecTKiie bojiocbi. Wiry hair. HecT- did life appear on Earth? TnjKe-
khh flHBaii. A hard divan. Jian jkh3H&. A hard life. 06inecx-
O HxecTKnfi Baron. Hard- seated BeHHaa >Kii3Hb. Public life.
railway carriage,
O HeJioeeK, nojinwii >Kii3HH. man A
HxECTOK|HII, -an, -oe, -ne full of vitality. Bonpoc 5KH3nn h
1. cruel. >KecTOKiiH qejioBeic. A CRiepxif. A
matter of life and death.
cruel person. EblTb Me>K#y /KH3HBIO II caiepTbio.

2. bitter,' severe. JKecTOKan 6opt6a. To be between life and death.

Abitter struggle. HecTOKHH 3a- 5KMPHIBIM, -an, -oe, -tie fat, rich
eoh. A
cruel law. Hxiipnoe mhco. Fat meat. JKnpHHH
JKEHb, 5Kry, mmemh, j^ryx, past cyn. Rich soup.
Tft'er, "jural a, imp. koto?
-o, -n SKfiTEJIb m. inhabitant
*i t o? / p. cme^h, cowry, conoKemb, GeJibCKHH JKnxejib. A countryman.
cojKryT, past oner, co?KrJi|a, -6, -n ropojjCKon miheJih. townsman. A
1. to burn. GJKe^B hhcbmo. To burn Gkojibko >KHTeJien b rdpo,o;e? How
a letter. }Rem> 6en3HH, Kepocihi, many inhabitants are there in the
yroJiL, APOBa. To burn petrol, town?
paraffin, coal, firewood. JKHTB, >KHB|y, -emb, -yT, past jkhji,
2. fig. to burn. CoJinne mmer. The 5KHJia, jketji|o, -n imp. to live
sun is scorching, Mopo3 mmev H-\HXb Aoaro. To live long. IKnxb
Jiiino pyKii. The frost bites
ii
Apy>KHO. To live peacefully. 'flXmih
the face and the hands. xopomd. To live well. H >KHBy b
>KHB|OH, -an, -de, -Lie, short form .MocKBe. / live in Moscow. H\HXb
JKHB, >KHBa, 5KffB|0, -HJ adv >KIIBO .
cboum yMOM. To live by one's wits.
1. alive. TKiiTh hoa oahoh Kpiimen. To live
2. living. JKiisan npupo^a. Living under the same roof.
nature. 2KypHAJI m. magazine
3A 41 3AB

3, 3 3AEOJIETB 2 1st ,& 2nd pers.^ not

used, 3rd pers. 3a6oJiHT, 3a6ojmT p..
3 A prep. to begin to ache
I. + instr. y Menn 3a6ojieJia roJiOBa. head My
1. behind, beyond. IHyM 3a CTenofi. began to ache.
A noise behind the wall. 3a pe- 3ABOTA /. care
koh Jiec. There is a forest beyond 3a6oTa APyre. Care for a friend.
the river. 3ABO|THTBCH, -^ycb, -tmhtbch, -tht-
2. at. CiiAeTB 3a ctojiom. To sit at ch imp. k 6 m? o h e m? / p. no-
the table. 3a66|THTbCH, -HyCb, -TMB3BCH, -THT-
3. Math Apyr 3a #pyroM. To
after. ch to take care
go one after another. H 3a BaMH. MaTb aaSoTHTCH pe6enKe. The
I am after you. mother takes care of her child.
4. at. 3a o6eAOM. At dinner. 3a 3ABOTJIHBIBI1I, -an, -oe, -tie thought-
3aBTpaKOM. At breakfast. ful, careful
5. for. IIocjiaTL 3a Bpa^OM. To send 3a6oTJiHBbiH Apyr. thoughtfulA
for the doctor. Hath 3a xjk§6om. friend. 3a6oTJiHBoe OTHOinemie. A
To go to buy some bread. careful attitude.
6. after. CMOTpeTB 3a pe6eHKOM. 3AEBIBA|TB, -m -emt, -k>t imp./
;
To look after a child. p. 3a6MTL, 3a6yA|y» -enib, -yT
7. out of, beyond. >Khtb 3a ropo- 1, KOTO? H T O? K 6 m? o h e M?
AOM. To live in the country (out or followed by conj. ^ t or by art
of town). inf. to forget, 3a6biBaTb Apyra.
II. + acc. To forget one's friend. 3a6biBaTB
To forget about
behind, out of. nocraBHTB Kap- TOBapiinie.
1.
Timy 3a mKa$. To put a pic- one's friend. 3a6tiTb npaBiuio.
ture behind the wardrobe. Bpo- To forget a rule. H
3a6biJi, ^to

chtb qTO-JiH6o 3a okho. To throw ceroAHfl coSpanne. / forget there

something out of the window, is a meeting today. He 3a6yAbTO
2. at. GecTb 3a ctoji. To sit down KynaTb 6iiJieTH. Don't forget to
at the table. buy tickets,

3. by. B3HTb Kor6-nn6yA & sa pyKy. 2, qio? to leave. 3a6biTB 36hthk b

To take somebody by the hand. MeTpo. To leave one' s umbrella in
before. 3a h6ckojibko Asen jio the underground.
4.
npne3Aa TOBapuma. Some days 3AEBITB see 3AEBIBATB
3ABEPHyTB see 3ABEPTBIBATB
before the friend's arrival.
5. in. Bhuojiehtb pa6oTy 3a neAe-
3ABEPTBIBA}TB, -10, -erat, -iot imp.
jno. To do the work in a week. koto? hto? / p. saBepnlyTB, -y,
6. for. BopoTbca 3a Map, 3a cbo66-
-emB, -yT to wrap
jjy. To fight for peace, for free-
3aBepEtyTb MacJio b Synary. To wrap
dom. the butter in paper. 3aBepHHTe, no-

To
HcaJiyftcTa. Wrap it up, please.
7. for. 3anJiaTHTb 3a koctiom.
pay
3ABECTA 3ABOflfiTB
see
for a suit. Kynirrb 3a 5 py6-
3ABflfl|OBATB, -yio, -yemb, -yioT
Jieu. To buy for 5 roubles.
imp. k m y? 1 6M y? / p. no3aBii-
8. to. IIoe3AKa 3a ropOA. trip to A AlOBaTb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT to envy
the country.
On 3aBUAyeT mho. He envies me. Oh
3ABACTOB|KA /., gen. pi. -ok 3aBH#yeT momm ycnexaM. He envies
strike me my success.
06i>HBHTb 3a6acTOBKy. To declare a 3ABfl[CETB, -my, -ciimb, -cht imp.
strike. ot koto? ot Hero? to depend
3AEOJI&ITB 1 , -K), -erat, -tot p. neu? 9to 3aBHCHT ot Bac. It depends on you.
to fall ill 3ABfiCHMOCTB /., no pi. depen-
3a6ojiexb rpunnoM. To fall ill with dence
3a6oJieTb aHTHHOH". To 3ABO,H; m. works, plant
3

the flu.
fall ill with tonsillitis. AbtomoShjibhhh 3aBoA- An auto
3AB 42 3Afl

works. nocTynriTL na 3aBoA. To 3ArOPA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp./

begin working at a plant. Pa6oTaTb p. 3arop|eTb, -k>, -Hrab, ~ht to sun-
Ha 3aBO#e. To work at a plant. Ha- bathe
th na 3aBOA. To go to the plant. 3aropaTb Ha mifi>Ke. To sun-
yHTii c saBO^a. To leave a plant. bathe on a beach. Xopomo aaro-
3AB0JJlSTI>, 3aBO>Ky aaBOAHmb, saBo- t
peTb. To get well sun-tanned.
AHT imp. ^ to? / p. 3aBecTir, 3ape- 3ArOPAlTBCH, -iocb, -embCH, -iotch
A|y, -emb, -yr, past 3aBeji, 3aBeji|a, imp.jp. 3arop|eTbCH, -iocb, -iimbCH,
-6, -ii to wind up
-htch
3aBecTH Hacii. To wind up a watch 1. to catch fire. 3aropeJicn aom.
{clock) v A house was on fire.
3AB0|EBATb, -k>k>, -i6emb, -ioiot p. 2. fig. to burn. 3aropeTbcn JKeJia-
^ T O? HHeM. To burn with desire. Ero
1. to conquer. 3aBoeBaTb Mnorne TJia3a 3aropeJiiiCb paAocTbio. His
CTpanti. To conquer many coun- eyes began to sparkle with joy.
tries.
2. jig. to win. 3aBoeBaT& Aosepne.
3ArOPETb see 3ArOPATb
To win confidence. 3asoeBaTb 3ArOPETbCH see 3ArOPATbCtf
3A,HA|BATb, -emb, -iot imp. hto?
-io,
yBameHiie h Jiio66Bb. To win
respect and love.
kom y? / p. 3aAaTb, 3aAaM, 3aAainb,
3aAacT, 3aAaAHM, saAaAHTe, 3aAa-
3ABTPA adv. tomorrow
pyT, past saAaji, saAa^ia, 3aAaJi|o, -n
3aBTpa Gy^eT xopoman noroAa. To-
1. to give. 3aAaBaTb ypoK. To give
morrow the weather will be jine.
some material to learn. 3aAaTB
<> J\o 3aeTpa! Till tomorrow!
na rom. To give a home-task.
3ABTPAK m. breakfast to ask. 3aAaTb sonpoc. To ask
2.
ripuroToBHTB 3aBTpaK. To prepare
a question.
breakfast. 3a 33BTpaK0M. At break-
fast. 3AAAHME neut. task
3ABTPAKA|TB, -emb, -tot imp. /
-io, 4oMamHee 3aAaene. A home-task.
p. no3aBTpaKa|TB, -io, -emb, -tot to 3A3ATB see 3Afl;ABATb
have breakfast 3A3AHA /.
Mm 3aBTpaKaeM b BoceMB <iacoB yx- 1. task. O^epeAHLie sam^n. The
pa. We
have breakfast at eight immediate tasks. 3aAa^a rocy-
o'clock in the morning. AapcTBeHHOH BanmocTH, A task
3ABTPAmH|HK, -Ha, -ee, -ne tomor- of state importance.
row's 2. sum, problem. PeniHTb 3aAany.
3aBTpamHHH SKCKypcnH. Tomor- To do a sum. To solve a problem.
row's excursion. 3aAana c abvmh HeH3BeCTHHMH.
3ABH3ATB see 3AB£3LIBATb A problem with two unknowns.
3AB£3bIBA|Tb, -emb, -iot imp.
-to, 3AJ3;^MATbCH see SAft^MBIBATb-
H T 0?/p. 3aBH3aTb, 3aBHJKy, 3aBH- CH
JKefflb, 3aBH5KyT SAH^MHnBjBlfi, -an, -oe, -tie, short
1. to tie. 3aBH3aTb fseji. To tie a jorm saAyM^HB, -a, -o, -ti; adv.
knot. 3aBH3aTb ropjio. To tie aaityM^HBo pensive, thoughtful
something round one's neck. SaAyM^HBbiH bha. A pensive look.
2. fig. to start. 3aB«3aTb Apy>K- 3aAyMHHBas AeBymna. A thoughtful
6y. To start a friendship. girl.Oh saftyM^HBO nocMOTpeJi Ha
3ArA«|KA /., gen. pi. -ok riddle nee. He looked at her thoughtfully.
3araAaTb 3araflKy. To ask a riddle. 3A#^MBIBA[TbCJI, -iocb, -embCH,
3araAKH npnpoAH. The riddles oj -iotch imp. o^eM?h a a h e m? /
nature. 3tot HeJioBeK RJifi MeHfi 3a- p. 3aAyMalTbca, -iocb, -embcii, -iotch
raAKa. This man is a riddle to me. to think, to ponder
3ArOBOP m. conspiracy, plot 3aAYMaTbCH HaA ca{5jkhmm Bonpo-
OpraHH30BaTb 3aroBop. To hatch a com. To ponder over a complex
plot. PacKp&iTb 3arOBop. To discov- problem. 3aA^MaTbCH o cBoeM Apy-
er a plot. re. To think about one's friend.
3AE 43 3AM

3AE35KAlTb, -k>, -emb, -iot imp. 3AKJII0*IIITb see SAKJIIOHATb

k k o m y? k y a a? 3 a a k e m? 3 3AK0H m. law
h e m? / p . 3aexaxb, 3aeAly, -erab, -yT 3aK0H npnpoAH. A' law of nature.
to call (on, at) 3aK0Hbi paaBHTHH 66rn;ecTBa. The
3aexaTb k TOBapmnj. To call on laws of development of society. ITpH-
one's friend. 3a<§xaTb Ha no^rry. To HHTb 3aK0H. To adopt a law.
call at the post-office. 3aexaTb b Ma- 3AK0HHHTb SAKAHHHBATbsee
ra3iin 3a lamraMH. To call at the 3AK(3nHHTbCH see 3AKAHHH-
shop to get books. BATbCH
3AEXATb
3AHxE tIb see 3A3KHrATb
see 3AE33KATB
'Js
SAKPHHlATb,
shout
-y, --nmw * p. to

3A5KE^IbCH see 3 A JKHF ATb Cjfe '

TpoMKO 3aKpHHaTb. To shout loudly,
3A/KIirA|Tb, -io, -emb,- -iot 3AKPbIBA|Tb, -io, -erab, -iot imp.
h t o?/ p. s&menh, 3a;Kry 3aJKH?tab, f
HTO? I p. 3aKpMTb, 3aKp6'|K), -emb,
3aJKryT, past 3a>Ker, 3a?KrJi|a, -6, -IOT
-ri to light 1. to close. 3aKpbiBaTb okho. To
3a>Ke^b cntJHKy. To light a match. close a window*. 3aKpbiTb flBepb
SaJKe^b cBeT. To switch on the light. Ha kjiioh. To lock -the door. 3a-
3A2KHrA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not KpbiBaTb TeTpa^b, icnnry, ajib6oM.
used, 3rd pers. -eicn, -iotch imp. / p. To close the copy-book, the book,
Qame^hCK, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, the album. 3aKpbiTb rJia3a. To
3rd pers. 3a/KH<eTCH» 3ajKryTCH, close one's eyes.
past 3aH<erca, 3a>KrJi|acb, -ocb, -j'icb 2. fig. to close. 3aKpbiTb co6pamie.
to light To close the meeting.
Cnw^KH ne 3a>KHraioTCH. The 3AKPblTb see 3AKPbIBATb
matches won't light. Ha ne6e 3a- 3AKyPflTb, 3aKypnmb, 3a-
3aKypK>,
JKrJiHCb 3B63AH. Stars appeared in the KypaT p. ito? to light
sky. 3aKypHTb naniipocy. To light a
3AflTfl see 3AX0,D[HTb cigarette.
3AKA3ATb see 3AKA3bIBATb 3AJI m. hall
3AKA3bIBA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. 3pHTeJibHbiii saJi. An- auditorium.
ito? / p. 3aKa3aTb, 3aKa?Ky, 3ana- CnopTHBHbiii saJi.- A sports hall.
>Kemb, sana^yT to book, to order Aktoblih 3aJi. An
assembly hall.
3ana3aTb 6HJieTLi b TeaTp. To book HnxaJibHbiH 3aJi. A reading hall. *

tickets for the theatre. 3aKa3HBaTb 3aJi 3aceAaHHH. Convention hall.

o6e%. To order dinner. 3AMEHfiTb see 3AMEH#Tb
3AK AHHHBAITb , -io, -erab, -tot imp. 3AMEHU jTb, -io, ,emb, -iot imp:
1T0? p. 3aK0H xl|HTb, -y,
/ -Hffib, -aT hto? qen? /p. 3aMeHHTb, saMenio,
to finish aaMeHHfflb, 3aMeHHT to replace^
3aK0HHHTb paooTy. To finish work. 3aMeHHTb cTapyio ^eTajib ho boh.
3AKAHHHBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. To replace an old pan by a new one,
not used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch 3aMeHHTb ypoKH xhmhii yponaMH
imp. p. 3aK0HH|KTbCH, 1st & 2nd
j pyccKoro H3biKa. To substitute
pers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch, -aTCH Russian lessons for chemistry lessons.
to end 3AMEP3A|Tb, -io, -erab, -iot imp./
CoSpanne 3aKOHHHJiocb o^ienb no3fl- p. 3aMep3H|yTb, -y, -erab, -yr, past
ho. The meeting ended very late. saMep3, 3aMep3Jila, -o, -h to freeze
3 AK AT m. sunset H 3aMep3aK) ot xoJiOAa. / am freez-
HpKHH saKaT. A bright sunset. Sa- ing from the cold. PeKa 3aMep3Jia.
na t coJinua. Sunset. The river has frozen.
SAKJIIOHAITb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. 3AMEP3HyTb see 3AMEP3ATb &
H T 0?/ p. 3aKJI£0H|HTb, -y, . -iknb, -aT MEP3HYTb
to conclude 3AMETIITb see SAME^ATb
3aKJii0HHTb Miip. To make peace. 3AMEHAHHE neut. remark
SaKJiro^HTb floroBop. To conclude GnpaseAJinBoe 3aMe^aHHe. A just
a treaty. remark. CAeJiaTb 3aMe^aHHe KOMy-
3AM 44 3AII

-jih6o hjih no noBO#y *iero-m6o. 2. to go in for. 3aHHMaxbCH cndp-

To make a remark to somebody or tom. To go in for sport.
on something. 3aHHMaxbcfl My3biKOH, JXHTepa-
SAME^ATEJILHIBia, -an, -oe, -tie xypoii. To go in for music>
wonderful literature.
3aMe*iaTeJibHKEH hoSt namero Bpe- 3AHHTHE neut.
M6HH. A wonderful poet- of our time. 1. occupation. IIoJie3Hoe 3aHHTiie.
3aMe^aTeJibHHii ropojo;. wonder- A Auseful occupation.
ful city. 2. only pi. lessons. BbiTb na 3aHH~
thhx. To be at the lessons.
SAMEHAlTB, -io, -emb, -jot imp. ko- 3AHHT|BIH, -an, -oe, -bie, short form
to? HT oY/p. 3aMe|THTb, -Hy, -THtQb,
33HHT, 3aHHTa, 3aHHT|0, -H
-TflT
1. taken. 3to necxo 33hhto? Is this
1. to notice. Ha yjiniie h 3aMeTHJi
seat taken?
TOBapmna. In the street, I noticed a
friend. H 3aMeTiui hto oh ycraji.
2. busy. H cero^HH 3anHT. / am
t
busy today.
/ noticed that he was tired.
2. to remark. «3to HenpaB^a)), — 3AHtfTB see 3AHHMATB
saMeTHJi oh. "That's not true," SAO^IHIBIM, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. 3adn-
he remarked. no by correspondence
3a6 inoe
l
oSy^enne. Teaching by
3AM|0l\ m., gen. -na lock
correspondence. SaoHHHH HHCTHTyT.
3anepeTi> na 3aM0K. To lock.
SAMOJI^lATb, -y, -nuib, -aT p. to
A correspondence institute. yyuib-
cn 3a6 x iHO. To study by correspond-
become silent
ence.
y^enriK 3aM0JraaJi. The pupil be-
came silent. 3£nA# m.
3AMY5K adv. 1. west. C BOCTOKa Ha 3anaA. From
Bhhth ddiUym. To marry (of women east to west.
only). Oho.. BHmjia 3a Hero 3a\iyjK. 2. west. Ha 3anajie CTpaHH. In the

She married him. west of the country.

3AIIAJ{H|I>lff, -an, -oe, -Lie west(ern)
3AMY3KEM adv.
3ana/iHbiH BeTep. A west wind. 3a-
BbiTb 33My>KeM. To be married (of
women only). Bbi 3aMy>KeM? HeT, — naAHoe
hemisphere.
t
noJiyniapiie. The western
R He 3aMyn<eM. „Are you married?"
"iVo, / am not." OHa 6siJia 3a-
3AHAX m. smell
MyjKeM. She was married,
npimTHbiii 3anax. pleasant smell. A
3anax hbctob. The smell of flow-
3AHHMA|TB, -io., -emb, -tot imp.
ers.
^To?/p 3aHHTB, 3anM|y, -emb, -yT
f

1. to occupy. GTa^noH 3aHHMaeT 3AIIIICATB see 3AniICBIBATB

100 reKTapoB, The stadium oc- 3AnfIC|KA /., gen. pi. -ok
cupies 100 hectares. 1. note. HanncaTb 3anncKy. To
2. to take. CnopxcMen 3annji nep-
write a note.
Boe MecTO. The sportsman took 2. only pi. transactions. VmuuQ
the first place. 3anncKH ynHBepciiTeTa. The
3. to take. 3aHiiMaHTe Mecra. Take transactions of the University.
your seats. 3AIIflCBIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -jot imp.
4. to take. PemeHHe 3aAa*ni 3ana- o? / p. 3amicaTb, 3annmy, 3ann-
jio 4 naca. The solution of the memb, 3annmyT
problem took 4 hours. 1. to write down. SaniiCHBaTb JieK-
5. to occupy. BoiicKa 3aHHJin ropo^. HHIO. To take down notes of a
The troops occupied the town. lecture.
3A HUM A T B C H -iocb, -eiHbcH, -iotch
|
, 2. to record. 3anncHBaTb tojioc na
imp. vj\e? h e m? nJieHKy. To record somebody's
1. to study. 3aHHMaTbcn b 6h6jiho- voice.
Tene. To study at a library. 3AIIJIAKATB see IIJIAKATB
Mnoro 3aHHMaTbCH. To study a lot. 3AIIJIATflTB see lUIATfiTB
3An 45 3AH

3 A I10M HH A
Tb | , -io, -emb, -iot imp. 3ATEM adv.
KOTO? qTO? / p. 3anOMH|HTB, -10, 1. then. CuaHaJia a noHj^y b 6h6-
-iinib, -ht to remember jiHOTeny, a aaTeM b khho. /
3anoMHiXTB HOMep jipMa. To remem- shall first go to the library and
ber the number of a house. 3anoM- then to the cinema.
Hirre 3T0 cjiobo. Remember this word. 2. for (or translated by inf.). Oh
3AlI0MHIITb see 3 A II OMHHATB H03B0HMJI 3aT(3M, HT06bI y3HaTb,
3AnPETHTb see 3AnPEIHATb Kan h ce6ff nyBCTByio. He
3AIIPEmA|Tb, -io, -ernb, -iot imp. called up to learn how I felt.
q t o? k o m y? +
inf-/p- 3anpe|THTb, 3AT0 conf. but
-m,y, -TiiniB, -tht to forbid, to pro- 3to HeBKycno, 3aTo noJie3HO. It's
hibit not tasty, but it's good (for you).
Bpa^i 3anpeTHJi eny Kypirrb. The 3AXBAT&TB see 3AXBATBIBATB
doctor forbade him to smoke. 3AXBATblBA|TB, -emb, -iot-io,
3AnPEUJEfraE neut. prohibition imp. 'qTO? / saxBaTHTb, 3axBa-
3APAEATBIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot hv, 3axBaTiimb, 3axB&THT to seize
imp. hto? / p. 3apa6oTajTb, -io, 3axsaTHTb qyjKHG 3eMjm. To seize
-emb, -iot to earn somebody else's land.
3apa6oTaTb mhoto #eHer. To earn 3AX0flfiTb, 3axo>Ky, 3ax6A*imb, 3a-
a lot of money. xo^ht imp. k kom y? k y a a? 3 a
3APAB0TATB 1 see 3APAEATBIBATB k e m? 3 a h e m? / p. 3aiiTH, 3afiA[y,
3APAE0TATB 2 to begin working -emb, -yT, past aatneji, 3am\n|a, -6, -ir
Maini'ma 3apa66Ta,na. The machine 1. to call. 3arrrn b tocth k Apy-
began ^working. ry. To call on a friend. SanTH b
3APIIJIATA /. ( =
3apa6oTHan ruiaTa) Mara3ira 3a KHtiraMH. To call at
salary, wages a shop to buy books.
BbicoK8.fi 3apnjiaTa. A
high salary 2. to set. CoJiHne 3axdAHT. The
(high wages). Hti3Kan 3apnjiaTa. A sun is setting.
low salary (low wages). nojiy^HTb 3AX0TETB see XOTETb
3apnjiaTy. To get one's salary 3AHEM adv. what for, why
(wages), 3a^eM npnexajin b Mockbv?
Bbi
3ACJIY5KHBAITB, -ro, -emb, -iot What did you come to Moscow for?
imp, hto?//?. 3acjry>KnTb, 3acjiy- K He anaio, 3a^eM oh npnxoAiiJi. /
Hcy, sacjiyjKiiniL, sacJiyacaT don't know why he called.
1. to deserve. 3acjiyjKtfTb narpaAy. 3AIIJI1TA no pi.
To deserve a reward. 1. defence. 3am.HTa ropoAa, npaB.
2. to win. .y^HTejis sacjiyHCHji jiio- The defence of a city, rights,
6gbb y^tOHEKOB. The teacher won 2. defence. 3an(HTa AiiccepTai^HH.
tJie love of his pupils. The defence of a thesis.
3ACJiy>KHTb see 3ACJI^5KHBATB 3AnpiTHTb see SAID^IIlUTb
3ACME|#TBCH, -iocb, -embcn, -iotch 3AlB;Hni;A|Tb, -ro, -emb, -iot imp.
p. to begin to laugh koto? ^xo? ot koto? ot He-
PpoMKO .3acMeaTBCfl. To begin to ro? / p. 3amH|THTb, -my, -Tiimb,.
laugh loudly. -T3T
3ACHyTB see 3ACBMATB 1. to defend. 3am.nm.aTb ropoff ot
3ACTABHTB see 3ACTABJI5lTb Bpara. To defend the city from ^

3ACTABJI#|TB, -so, -emb, -iot imp. the enemy. 3am;Hirj;aTb cbok npa-
koto? *i t o? -f- inf. / p. 3acTa|BiiTb } Ba. To defend one's rights.^ 3a-
-Bunib, -bet to make
-bjiio, mnmaTb cboio To^Ky 3pennH.
SacTaBHTb pa6oTaTb. To make (some- To defend one's point of view.
body) work. 2. to defend. 3aHjnmaTb flnccepTa-
3ACBIHA|Tb, -io, -enib, -iot imp. / nino- To defend one's thesis.
p. 3acH|yTb, -y, -emb, -yT 3AHBISTB see 3AHBJIiJTB
Oh sacbinaeT SticTpo. He falls asleep 3AHBJIEHHE neut.
quickly. KorAa tbi B^epa 3acnyji? 1. declaration. 3aHBjieHne npaBH-
When did you ftilltasleep yesterday? TejibCTBa o nojio>KeHHH b CTpane.
3AH 46 3EJ1

A
government declaration on the 3BOH|0K m.
gen. -nat

situation in the country. 1. bell. H

nan^aJi na KHonKy 3boh-
2. application. HanitcaTb 3aaBJie- Ka. / pressed the button of the
HHe Ha iImh A H peKTopa. To write bell.
an application to the director. 2. bell. Pa3Aajica TpeTnn 3boh6k.
3AHBJI>1|TB, -io, -enib, -iot imp. The third bell rang.
h t o? kom}'? o ^ e m? / p. 3a- 3BYK m.
HBHTb, 3aflBJll6, 3aHBSffl&, 3aHBHT 1. sound. GTpaHELiH 3ByK. A strange
to announce sound. 3ByK rojioca. The sound
IIpaBiiTejibCTBO 3anBHJio 06 ycTa- of a voice.
HOBJieHHEf flHnJIOMaTPWeCKHX OTHO- 2. sound. CorjiacHBiii (rjiacHbin)
meHUH c 3toh CTpanoH. The govern- 3ByK. A
consonant (vowel) sound.
ment announced the establishment of 3ftAHIIE neut. building
diplomatic relations with this BojiBmoe 3AaHiie. large building. A
country. Orapoe 3Aanne. An old building.
3BATB, 30B|y, -enib, -yr, past qb&ji, 3Aanne rearpa. The theatre building.
-a, -h imp. I p. no3BaTB, no30-
-o, 3,0;ECB adv.
B|y, -eras, ~yr, past H03BaJi, no- .
1. r a e? bere. 6yA^'M jkhtb Mh
3Bajia no3Ban|o, -h
t 3ACCB. We shall live here. 3accb
1. koto? ito? to call. Man, Bee cboh. There are no strang-
no3Bajia peSeHKa o6eAarb. The ers here.
'mother called the child to dinner. 2. fig. 3a<3cb HeT minero njioxoro.
IIo30B«Te cecTpy k Tejie^ony. There is nothing bad in this.
Call your sister to the telephone. 3,a;0P6BA|TbCH, -locb, -enitcn, -iotch
2. no p. to be called. KaK Bac 30- imp. C KOM? p. n03AOpOBa|TBCH,
/
syT? —
MeHn 30ByT Bopnc (Bo- -iocb, -emfcCH, -iotch to greet
pircoM). "What is your name?" Oh ne nosflopoBajica c naMii. He
"My name is Boris." didn't greet us.
3BE33A /., pi. 3B63AM 3fl;0P0B|Llfi, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
1. star. Hpnan 3Be3£a. A bright form 3AopoB, -a, : o, -li
star. Ha iie6e OAna 3Be3Aa. 1. bealtby. 3aop6bbih pe6e*H0K. A
There is one star in the sky. healthy child. Oh cOBceM 3A0p0B.
3aH<rjiiict 3Be3ALK Stars began He is quite healthy.
to show. 2. only form healthy.
complete
2. fig. star. 3Be3Aa anpana (khho- 3aopobbih biia- A healthy look.
3Be3Aa). A film star. 3aop6bbih otabix. Healthy rest.
3BEH|ETB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, <> ByAb(Te) 3AOpoB(ti)! Good-bye!
3rd pers. -ht, -at imp. to ring 330P0BBE n. health
3bghht 3boh6k. The bell is ring- Xoponiee Good health.
BAOpoBBe.
ing. Tojioc ee" 3B'eHeJi Kan kojio- Kpennoe 3AOpoBbe. Strong health.
kojibhhk. Her voice rang like a y Hero cjia6oe 3AOpoBbe. His
.
bell. health is weak. KaK Bame 3AopoBbe?
3BEPjB gen. pi. -eii beast How are you? Bepenb 3AopoBbe.
Xhbahbih 3BepB. A beast of prey. To take care of one's health.
flnmie 3Bepn. Wild beasts. <> 3a Bame 3AopoBbeI To your
3B0H|$TB, -jo, -iiujh, -ht imp. k o- health! Ha 3nopOBbe! To your pleas-
M ure!
y? / p. II03B0H|KTB, -10, -BLUb, -HT
1. no p. to ring. 3bohht Tejie$6n. 3£PABCTByH(TE) [SApacTByHxe]
The telephone is ringing. How do you do. Good morning.
2. KOMy? to ring up. H ho3bo- Good afternoon. Good evening.
hhji eMy no Tejie<j)OHy. / rang Hello!
him up. 3EJIEH|Blfl, -an, -oe, -He
3B0HKjHll, -an, -oe, -ne ringing 1. green. 3eJienaH TpaBa. Green
3b6hkhh tojioc. A ringing voice. grass. 3ejieHHH nBeT. Green col-
3B0HKaH necHH. A ringing song. our.
3 EM 47 3HA

2.green. 3ejieHLie oboihh. Green 3HAK(3M|i>lBE, -aa, -oe, -He, short

vegetables. 3eJieHHe h6jiokh. form aaaKOM, -a, -o, ~bx
Green apples. 1. familiar. 3HaKOMaa Knara. A
3EMJIil /., acc. 3eMJiio; pi. seMJin, familiar book. H. 3HaKOM c hhm.
3eM6JIfe, 36MJIHM, etc. He is an acquaintance of mine.
1. no pi. Earth. 3eMJia BpainaexcH 2. used as n. acquaintance. Oh moh
BOKpyr CBOeH oca. The Earth 3HaKOMHH. He is an acquaintance
revolves on its axis. of mine. OHa Moa 3naK0Maa.
2. land. nJiORopoflHaa 3eMJia. Fer- She is an acquaintance of mine.
tile land. 3eMJiH c66cxBeH- — OffHH MOH 3HaKOMHH CKa3£lJ]
hoctl napo^a. The land belongs MHe, axo... An acquaintance of
to the people. mine told me that...
3. ground. Vnacxb na seMJifO. To 3HAMEHftT|Mfi, -aa, -oe, -He, short
fall to the ground. form 3HaMeHHT, -a, -o, -h famous,
4. land. «3eMJial» —
3aKpnnaji Max- celebrated
poc. "Land!" the sailor shouted. 3HaMeHnTHH KOMno3HTOp. A fa-
3&PKAJIO neut. pi. sepnaJia, 3epKaji,
}
mous composer. 3HaMeHHTHU xy-
sepnaJiaM, etc. looking-glass ftOJKHHK. A
celebrated artist.
CMOxpexb(ca) b 3epnaJio. To look 3H AMU neut.gen., dat., prepos. 3na-
,

(at oneself) in a looking-glass. Menn, acc, 3HaMa, instr. 3HaMeHeM",

3EPH0 neut., pi. 3epHa, 3epen, 3ep- pi. 3HaMena, 3HaMeH banner
naM, etc. grain 3HaMa cbo66ah. The banner of
ilmeHri^Hoe aepno. grain of A freedom.
wheat. 3HAHME neut. knowledge
3HMA /., 3HMy, pi. 3HMH winter
acc. 3naHHe — cima. Knowledge is pow-
CypoBaa, xojioAHan 3hmsL A hard, er. I\ny66Kiie 3Hanna. Profound
cold winter. Bcio BHMy cxohjih mo- knowledge. IIpoaHHe 3Ha.Hna. Solid
p03H. The frosts lasted the whole knowledge. OBJia,n;eBaxb sHannaMH.
winter. To gain knowledge.
3l5MH|Bn5, -aa, -ee, -ne winter 3HA|Tb, -k>, -emb, -iot imp. k r 6?
3hmhhh j\euh. A winter day. 3hm- IT O? K 6 M? ie M?
nee najibTO. A winter coat. 3hm- 1. to know. H snaio sxoro aejioBe-
hhh cnopT. Winter sports. Ka. / know that man. Xopomo
3HMOK adv. in winter 3HaTb CTpany. To have a good
3hmoh b MocKBe xojiojuio. It is knowledge of a country.
very cold in Moscow in winter. 2. to know. 3naxb pyccKHH H3HK.
3JI|OH, -an, -oe, -He, short form 30JI, To know Russian.
3Jia, 3JI0, 3JIH 3. to know. 3aaxb 06 oxi>e3£e„ To
1. wicked, malicious, vicious. know about one's departure. H
3jioh aeJiOBeK. wicked man. A 3naio, axo oh 66 jieH. / know that
3ff6e jihho. A
wicked face. he is ill. fl 3Haio, r,n;e oh jkh-
2. hard. 3jioh Mopo3. hard frost. A Bex. / know where he lives. H
3. angry. Kan a sojiI How angry I 3Haio, Ky#a oh nomeji. / know
am! where he went. K ho 3Haio, Kor-
3ME$ /., pi. 3Men, 3Meu snake #a on Bepnexca. / don't know
H#oB0Taa 3Mea. A venomous snake. when he will come back. H He
3HAK0jMHTBCH, -MJiiocb, -MHmbca, 3Haio, noaeMy ero Hex. / don't
-MaTca imp. c K6M? c a e m? / know why he is not here.
p. n03HaKO MHTb CH, -MJIIOCb, -MHUlb-
| 3HAMEHHE neut.
CH, -mhxch 1. meaning. 3xo cjiobo HMeex mho-
1. to make acquaintance. 3naKo- ro 3HaaeaHH. This word has
MHTbCa C HOBHMH JHOftbMH. To many meanings.
meet new people. 2. importance. Cnopx HMeex^ or-
2. to get to know. 3HaKOMHXbca c poMHoe 3HaaeHiie R-na 3AopoBba.
ropo^OM. To get to know a Sport is of great importance for
city. health.
 3HA

3HA.HlHTb, 1st & 2nd pert, rarely jihhckii. We speak Russian and
used, 3rd pers. -ht, -aT imp. h t o? English, riomeji aojkab, h mbi ne
to mean noexaJin 3a ropoA. began to rainH
Hto 3Haq'HT 3to cjiobo? TF&a£ aWs and we didn't go to the country.
this word mean? 8to HH^erd ne BXOJIIKA /., gen: pi. -ok needle
3Ha^:'HT. Itmeans nothing. flan MH'e nrojiKy c hhtkoh. Give me
3KAHIOK m., gen. Ka badge
; a needle and some thread. FpaMMO-
ynHBepciiTeTCKHH 3HaH0K.uni- A (JoHHan nroJiKa. gramophone A
versity badge. SnaHoK
Typifcra needle. Hr6JiKH Ha ejiKe. Fir needles,
CCCP. The badge of tourist of the HrPA /., pi. nrpn game; playing
USSR. OSMeHHBaTBCH 3HaHKaMH. 1. HHTepecHan;, nrpa. An interest-
To exchange badges. ing g'dme. HacTOJiBnan nrpa. A
'

30JI0T0 neut., no pi. gold table game.

HtiCToe 30JIOTO. Pure gold. flo6Bi- 2. Mrpa na CKpnnKe.' Playing the
B''iTh so.'ioTO. To mine gold. 3anjia- violin.
TiiTb 30JIOTOM. To pay in gold. 3. Mrpa b $yt66ji. Playing foot-
He Bee to 3ojioto, hto 6jiec- Mil:;
tht (proverb). All that glitters Hrp.4{Tb, -io, -erati -iot imp.jp. c&ir-
isn't gold. pa|TB, -jo, -enib, -iot
30JIOT10H, -aa, -6e, -He gold 1. to play. fleTH nrp^ioT b napKe.
1. gold. 3oJiOTaa mo Hera, A gold The children are playing in the
coin. 3oJiOTbie HacH. A gold park. H nrpaio c 6paxoM. I play
;

watch. with my brother.

2. fig.: Sojiotoh ^ejioBeK. A won- 2. bo h to? to play. HrpaTb b
derful man. 6acKeT66ji, b {JivtGojt, b BOJieii-
<> 3ojiOTaa cepeA&Ha. The golden 66 ji, b maxMaTH. To play bas-
mean. ket-ball, football, volley-ball,
30HTHK m. umbrella chess.
PacKpHTb 30HTHK. To open an um- 3. Ha h§m? to play. HrpaTb na
brella. nriammo, na CKpimne, na rn-
3PEHIIE neut. eyesight T&pe. To play the piano,
the
Xopomee 3peHHe. Good eyesight. violin, the
guitar.
ToHKa 3peHHfl. A point of view. 4. ^to? to play. HrpaTb sajibc.
C t6*ikh 3peenH Koro^JiHO'o. From To play a waltz, koto? Hr-
somebody's point of view. paTb Eopnea roAyHOBa. To play
3PfITEJIf> m. spectator Boris Godunov.
TeaTpaJibHHBl 3pHTejiB. A .
theatre- <> 3to nrpaeT SoJibmyro pojib.
goer. & 3.&JI0 MHoro 3pHTejieH.
'
IV s of great importance. 3to ne
There are many spectators in the hall. nrpaeT pojin. It's of no importance.
3PH adv. for nothing HrPymiKA f.,]gen, pi. -en toy
3pn Tp.aTHTB BpeMfl. To waste time. flercKiie nrpymKii. Children's toys.
.3 pa roBoppiTB, Tospeak to no HflEH /.
purpose. 3pa ne SecnoKOHTect! 1. idea. nepejioBKre ha<3H namero
Don't worry unnecessarily! BpeMenn. Advanced ideas of our
3YB m., pi. 3y6u, 3y66s tooth time.
y Mena 6ojiht 3y6H. I've got a 2. idea. H/B3H npoH3BeAeHHH. The
.toothache. idea of a literary work.
^ ToBopiiTB (oBa-3a?b) ckbo3b MfllTfl, -y, -eniB, -yT, past men, mji|a f

3y6bi. To speak through clenched -0, -h imp.

teeth. 1. k y a a? t k y a a? to go. Hath
b peCTopan. To go to a restau-
H, H rant. Math na no^Ty. To go to
the post-office. Hath 113 TeaTpa
33 con.'f. and AOMoii. To go home from the
MaTB h OTen. Mother and Father. theatre. Hath k 6paTy. To go
Mbi ro.BopHM no-pyccKH h no-anr- to one's brother. Hath 6HCTpo.
H3 49 H3M

To
go quickly. IlflTii neraKOM. , -K), -emb, -iot imp. ko-
To
walk. to? / p. H3BHH|UTb, -10, -Hinb, -AT
2. to go. HjyrH ryjiHTB. To go for to excuse
a walk. H
npy b khho. / am H3BHHUTe Menn, no-vKaJiyucTa. Ex-
going cinema.
to the cuse m,e, please.
3. to go. IIoeaA ii^eT SbiCTpo. K3BHH#|TbCH, -K>cb, -embCH, -iotcr
The train is going fast. imp. p. H3BHH|HTbCH, -K>Cb,
/ -Hmb-
4* to go. ftopora Hfl&r jiecoM. The ca, -HTCfl to apologise
road goes through a forest. Oh H3BMHHJICH nepeAO mhok 3a
S.i^acH H^yx xopomo. The watch AOJiroe MOjnaHiie. He apologised
(clock) keeps good time. to me for his long silence.
6. Hast ROMRb. It is raining H/jeT
: . H33AJIEKA adv. from far away
cHer. It is snowing. MjsfiT rpaA- IIpHexaTb H3AajieKa. To come from
It is hailing. far away.
7. : KaK n^yT ftejra? How are things? 113-3 A prep. ~f~ § en -

>Kii3Hb iifleT. Li/e goes o«. Bpe- 1. from behind. M3-3a Jieca noKa-
mh HfieT. Time ts passing. Pa- 3ajiacb Jiyna. The moon came
6oTa ha^t. pFoz-A is in progress. out from behind the forest.
8. to be on. Cero^Hfl b TeaTpe 2. from. BcTaTb H3-3a CTOJia. To
H#eT noBan nbeca. There is a get up from the table.
new play on at the theatre, today. 3- because of. M3-3a ao>ka^ met ne
9. to become. 3to njiaTte bsm noexajin Ha nporyjiKy. Because of
H^eT. This dress becomes you. the rain we didn't go for a drive.
10. :HflTH k neJiu. To try to achieve H3MEHEHHE neut. change
one's goal. M3MeHeHHH B ?kh3hh. Changes in
<> Hath Ha bcc. To go to any life. H3MeHeHHe b pacnucaHHK. A
length. He hact h3 yMa (<it6-jih6o). change in the time-table. B CTpane
.

Not to be able to get (something) npOH30mJIH 60JIbfflHe H3MeHeHHH.

out of one's head. TojiOBa haSt Great changes have taken place in
icpyroM. My
head is in a whirl. the country.
H3 (H30) prep. + gen. H3MEHfiTb see H3MEH#Tb
1. OUt Of BhHTH H3 KOMHaTEI. To go
. H3MEH#TbCH see H3MEHflTbCtf &
(come) out of the room. BiiexaTb MEHJlTbCH
H3 ropoAa. To. drive out of the H3MEHH|Tb, -so, -emb, -iot imp. f
town. p. H3MeHHTb, H3MeHI0, H3MeHHIHb,
2. from. lOnoma 113 A$piiKii. A H3M(3HHT
youth from .Africa. 1. h t o? to alter. H3MeHWTb nxrau.
3. of. HeKOTopwe H3 nac. Some of To alter a plan.
us. Oa^h E3 cTyAenTOB. One of 2. KOMy? ne My? to betray, to be
the students. unfaithful, H3MeHUTb cTpaHe.
4. (made) of. Kocteom H3 mepcTH. A To betray one's country. H3MeHHTb
woollen costume: HceHe. To be. unfaithful to one's
H3BECTIIE neut. wife.
1. news. IlpHaTHoe ii3BecTne, M3MEHHlTbC#, -iocb, -embcn, -iot-
Pleasant news. C# imp.jp. H3MeHHTbCH, H3MeHK)Cb,
2. news. IIocjieAHiio H3BecTiin. The H3MeHHmbCHv H3MeHHTCH to change
latest news. H3MeHHJiCH biia ropoAa. The ap-
pearance of: the city has changed.
H3BECTH|LIlI, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
form H3BecTeii, H3BecTH|a, -o, -Li;
Bh oneHb H3M6HiiJincb You've .

Changed a lot. (cf. MEHHTbCH)

adv. H3BecTHO well-known
H3BecTHiiH y^enHH. A well-known
H3M£PIITb -rsee H3MEP^Tb
scientist. 3to BceM H3BecTH0. Every-
H3MEPU|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
body knows that.
HT O? / p. H3Mep|HTb, -10, -limb, -HT
to measure
H3BHHflTb H3BHH#Tb see M3MepHTb A^tfHy KOMHaTH. To
H3BHHSTBCH see H3BHHHTBCH measure the length of a room.
H30 50 HHT

HaMepnTb TeMnepaTypy. To take Vladimir. KaK Baine hmh? What's

one's temperature, your name?
II30EPA}KA|TL, -10, -enib, -iot imp. <> BwcTynaTb ot HMenn Koro-JiH-
q t oil p. H3o6pa]3HTb, -H<y, -3iimb, 6o. To speak on somebody's behalf,
-3ht to represent Bn6jiHOTeKa hmchii JleHnna. The
Hto bh H3c6pa3HJin na 8toh nap- Lenin library.
Time? What did you represent in HHAHE
that picture? 1. adv. in a different way, 9to na-
#0 cneJiaTb HHane. This should
H30EPA3flTb seeH30EPAJKATb be done in a different way.
H30BPECT& see H30EPETATB 2. conj. (or) else. Hah 6biCTpee,
H30EPETA|Tb, -k>, -emb t
-iot imp.
HHaqe tbi ono3,aaernb. Go f aster ,
1TO? / p. H306peCTH f
H3o6peTly,
or else you'll be late.
-emb -yT, past ii3o6peji, H3o6peji|a\
-6,
t

-h to invent
HH5KEH&P m. engineer
TopHbiH HH>KeH6p. A mining engi-
H3o6pecTH HOByio Maniiiny. To
vent a new machine.
in-
neer. —
Moh ot^ic HHJKeHep. • My
father is an engineer. Pa66iaTb hh-
H3-IIOfl prep. + gen. JKeHepoM. To work as an engineer,
1. from under. KomKa Bbinuia 113-
HHOr^A adv. sometimes
noff CTOJia. The cat came from HHor,n;a oh npHXOflHJi npMOH ho3£-
under the table. ho. Sometimes he came home late.
2. from a place near some other IIHOGTPAHIEU; m. t gen. -na foreigner
place. IIpiiexaTb 113-noA Jlemra- B rocTtraHiie jkhbSt mhofo hho-
rpa^a. To come from near Lenin- CTpaHHeB. Many foreigners live in
grad. the hotel.
HSYHAITb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. hto? HHOCTPAHHIBIK, -an, -oe, -we
koto? / p. nsy^HTB, ii3 yqy, H3y- foreign
quoib, H3j^qaT to study HnocTpa HHbie H3UKH. Foreign lan-
H3y^aTb pyccKiin H3LIK. To study guages. MHHHCTepCTBO HHOCTpaH-
Russian. H3y^aTb npo6JieMy. To hhx ^eJi. The Ministry of Foreign
study a problem. Affairs.
H3yHSTB see H3yqATb HHCTHTYT m. institute
flJIH conj. or OrpOHTeJibHbiH hhcthtvt. build- A
3aHHTiia na^nyTCH 3aBTpa hjih ing institute. y^HTbcn b hhcthtj'-
nocjie3aBTpa. The lessons start to- Te. To study at an institute. Uo-
morrow or the day after. Oh floMa crynHTb b HHCTHTyT. To enter an
iijihHeT? Is he at home or not? ^a institute. Hay^HO-HCCJieflOBaTeJib-
hjih h6t? Yes or no? ckhh HHCTHTyT. Aresearch insti-
fiMEHHO particle precisely, just tute.
Mm en ho bli MHe hvjkhh. You are
HHCTPyMEHT m. instrument
just the one I need.
XnpyprHHecKHe HHCTpyMeBTbi. Sur-
Bot HMeHHO. Exactly.
gical instruments. My3biKaJibHbiH
HME|Tb, -io, -enib, -k>t imp. koto? HHCTpyMeHT. Amusical instrument
ito? to have
KMeTb MHoro BpeMeHH rjih 3ana- HHTEJIJIMr£HIJHH no pi. in-
thh. To have a lot of time for telligentsia
one's studies. HweTb B03.M0JKH0CT:b HHTejijmreHHHH CTpanbi. The coun-
noceTHTb BHCxaBKy. To be able to try's intelligentsia.
visit the exhibition. HMeTb 3Ha^e- MHTEPfiC m.
Hiie. To be of importance. 1. interest.Eojibuioh iraTepec. A
HMnEPHAJIHCTH^ECKlHS, -an, -oe, great CJiyuiaTb c hh-
interest.
-He imperialist TepecoM. To listen with interest.
0MH neut., gen., dat., prepos. HMemi, 2. usu. pi. interests. KJiaccoBbie
acc. hmh, instr. HMeueM; pi. HMe- HHTepecu. Class interests. 3a-
na, hmSh, HMenaM, etc. name runmaTb cboh HHTepecH. To
Moe hmh — BjiagHMHp. My name is defend one's own interests.
HHT 51 hcii

HHTEPECH|Llfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form ncKpeneH, iicKpeHH|a, -o, -bi;
form HHTepeceH, HHTepecH|a, -o, adv. HCKpeHHe sincere, frank
-h; adv HHTepecHO
t HcKpeHHHH HeJioBeK. A sincere per-
1. interesting. HHTepecHbiii (Jhjibm. son. HcKpeHHHH OTBeT. A frank
An interesting film. HnTepecHan answer. CKaHurre ricKpeHHe. Tell
KHHra. An interesting book. Mli me frankly.
HHTepecno npoBeJin BpeMH. HCKtCCTBEHH|blH, -an, -oe, -bie
We've had an interesting time. artificial
8to onenb HHTepecHO. It's very HcnyccTBeHHoe bojiokho. Artifi-
interesting. cial fibre. HcKyccTBeHHtin meJiK.
2. adv., predic. impers. often trans- Artificial silk.
lated by to wonder. HHTepecno, HCK^CCTBO neut.
npne^eT jih oh? / wonder wheth- 1. art. H3o6pa3tiTeJibHLie hckvc-
er he will come. CTBa. Imitative arts.HcnyccTBO
HHTEPECfOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT iiapoAHtix MacTepOB. The art of
imp. koto? ito? to interest folk masters.
Ero HHTepecyeT jKHBonncb. He is 2. art.McKyccTBO nrpH na rmape.
interested in painting. Mens HHTe- The art of playing the guitar.
pecyeT TexHHKa. / am interested in HcKyccTBo uihtbh. The art of
technology. sewing.
HHTEPEC|OB ATbCH -yiocb, -yemb- , HCnOJIHHTB see IICIIOJIH#Tb
ch, -yioTCH imp. neM? ieM? to IICnOJIHtflTb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
be interested H T O ? / p. HCnOJIHjHTB, -IO, -II Bib, -HT
HHTepecoBaTbca JiHTeparypoH h hc- 1. to perform, to play. Hcnonmrrb
KycCTBOM. To be interested in litera- My3HKaJibHyio nbecy. To play a
ture and art. musical piece. HciioJiHHTb pojlb.
HCKATb, Hmy, nmemb, ninyr imp. / To play a part.
p. Han|TH, -fly, -flemb, -#yT 2. to fulfil. Bbr lie motjiu 6bi nc-
1. koto? hto? to look for. Iic- noJiHHTb moio upocL6y? Could
KaTb cBoero #pyra. To be look- you comply with my request?
ingfor one's friend. HcnaTb HCnOJIb3|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT
nJiaTOK. To look for one's hand- imp. & p. koto? h t o? to make
kerchief. Kto nrneT, tot Bcer,n;a use of
Ha&AeT. Seek and you shall Mcn6jib30BaTb cneiniajniCTOB. To
find. make use of specialists. HcnoJitso-
2. fig. h T o? or ner 6? to look BaTb BpeMfl. To make use of one's
for, to seek. HcKaTb pa6oTy. To time.
look for a fob. HcKaTb npaBAbi. HCIIPABHTb see HCTIPABJIJlTb
To seek the truth. HcnaTb HCIIPABJI#|Tb, -io, -erab, -iot imp.
c^acTbn. To seek happiness. qxo? p. iicnpafBHTb,
/ -bjiio, -BHnib,
HCKJIIOHAITb, -K), -enib, -k>t imp. -bht to correct
KOTO? HTO?//). HCKJIIOHlHTb, -y, McnpaBHTb omnSKy. To correct a
-nmb, -aT to expel mistake.
MCKJIJOHHTb CTy^eHTa H3 HHCTHTy- HCraTA|TbCH, -iocb, -euibcfl, -iotch
Ta. To expel a student from the in- p. k o r 6? Her 6? to be frightened
stitute. MajibHiiK ncnyraJiCH. The boy got
HCKJIIOHEHHE neut. exception frightened. Oh ncnyraJicn, hto He
3to HCKJiio^eHHe H3 npaBHJia. This XBaTHT BpeMenn. He was afraid
is an exception to the rule. HeT that he would not have enough time.
npaBHJi 6e3 HCKJiiOHeffliH. There are On HcnyraJica rpoMa. He was
no rules without exceptions. afraid of the thunder.
<> 3 a HCKJiioqeHneM meun, nee MCllblTAHHE neut. testing
fthura Ha CTaAHOHe. Everybody was HcnbiTanne Mamta. The testing
at the stadium, except me. of a -machine. HcnbiTainiH aTOMHO-
HCKJIIO^flTB see HCKJIIOHATL ro opywHH. The testing of an atom-
flCKPEHH|Hfi, -hh, -ee, -ne, short ic weapon.
HCT 52 KAK

HCTQPflHECK|HH, -an, -oe, -He came to see his friend. IIpHe3>KaH

1. history. McTopiiHecKHH $aKyjib- k HaM! Come and see us!
t6t. The history department, 3. hy. Ha#o dphhth k ceMH nacaM
2. historical. McropiraecKHe naMflT- Benepa. You must come by sev-
hhkh. Historical monuments. en o'clock in the evening.
3. historic. licropiFiecKaa #aTa. An 4. to. BnepeX k noSe^e! Forward,
historic date. to victory!

ECTOPHH /.
KAEEHET m.
1. no pi. history. Hctophh pa3Bn- 1. study. PadoHHH Ka6nHeT. A
BaeTCH no cbohm aaKonaM. History study.
develops according to its own laws. 2. :Ka6HHeT Bpa^a. A doctor's con-
HcTopiia flpeBHero Mapa. The sulting-room, a surgery.
history of antiquity, McTopHfl KAflPbl no sing, cadres
H3HKa. The history of a lan- TexHHqecKHe KaflpH. Technical
guage, cadres.
2, story. Oh vMeer paccKa3HBaTb KASKfllBlS, -an, -oe, -He
HHTep^cHHe HCTopmi. He can 1.every. K3jk£Bih geuh. Every day,
tell interesting stories. KajKAyio He^eJiK) mh xoahm b
HCTPATHTb see TPATHTB TeaTp. We go to the theatre every
HCTE3A|Tb, week. floBORim KajK^oe flejio jxo
-to, -emh, -iot imp./
KOnua. To see every job through.
p. HCHe3H|yTB, -y, -ems, -yT, past
2. used as n. everyone. 3to k&jk-
HCHe3, -Jia, -JIO, -jih
1. to disappear. CaMOJieT iicqe3 b
Abih 3HaeT. Everyone knows that.
o6JiaKax The plane disappeared KA5KETCH paren. word it seems
Oh, KaH<eTCfl, npaB. He seems to
?

in the clouds.
be right. KaTKeTCH, oh 6oji aobo-
2. to cease. Eojib iic*ie3Jia. The
Jien. He seemed to be pleased.
pain has gone.
HCH£3H|yTf> see HCqE3ATb KA3ATbCH> Kawycb, Ka?KembCH, Ka-
>kvtch imp / p. H0Ka3aTtCH, nona-
ETAK conj. so
>nycb, noKajKenrbCH, noKa?KyTCH
HTaK, pememie npuHHTO. So the
1 k e m? *i e m? k a k ij m? to seem.
.

decision has been taken.

To poy MHe noKa3aJiCH 6*reHb
EX poss, pran. their, theirs
KpacuBHM. The town seemed very
Hx npefljioweHHe 6hjio npaBiutb- beautiful to me.
hlim. Their proposal was right. Stsl
2. impers to seem. Mne KajKCTca,
KOMnaTa hx. This room is theirs. ;
h ycneio BtinojiHHTb pa6oTy. It
HlOJIb m., no pi. July seems to me that I shall manage
B HioJie y CTy^eHTOB KaHMKyjiti. to do the work. Mne noKa3a.?iocb,
The students have their holidays in
hto oh yCTajr, He looked very
July. Cero^HH 25 hiojih. Today is
tired to me.
the 25th of July. Oh npneji;eT 28-ro
KA3H|flTb, -io, -iimt, -at imp. & p.
HioJifl. He
will come on July 28.
koto? to execute
MJ&Uh m., no pi. June
Ka3HHTb npecTy DHHKa . To execute
B HEOHe CTVfleHTBI C^aiOT 3K3aMeHBI. a criminal.
Students take their exams in June. KAK
1. adv. how. KaK >KHBeTe? How
are you getting on? KaK HflyT
K, K #eJia? How are things going? H
3Haio, KaK upoexaTB b uenrp. /
K (KO) prep. +dat. know how to get to the centre.
1. to, up to. IloflOHTn k ;j,0My. To KaK bli cKaaajiH? What did you
approach the house. Oh no^oraeji say?
k TOBapsnjy. He went up to his 2. conj. like. Ee rJia3a 6hjih KaK
friend. H#HTe k #ocKe. Come Mope. Her eyes were like the
(go) to the blackboard. sea.
2. to. Oh npnexaji k Apyry. He <> KaK 3to hii CTpamio... However
KAK 53 KAP

strange it may seem... H *iy BCT ~ KAHfiKyJIbI no sing, holidays

Byro ce5a 3Aecb, kslk flOMa. / 3iJMHne KaHHKyjrw. Winter holidays.
feel at home here. JleTHHe KaHHKyJibi. Summer hol-
KAK-HHByjJB adv. somehow idays. Bo speMH KanHKyji. Dur-
Ha#o KaK-Hn6yA^ noMOHb eMy. We ing the holidays. B KamiKyjibi oh
must help him somehow, OTAtixaeT. He has a rest during his
KAKjOfl, -an, -6e, -ne holidays.
1. what. KaKaa ceroAHH noro^a? KAI1HTAJI£I3M m. capitalism
What is the weather like today? KAnHTAJIHCTflHECKlHS, -an, -oe,
Kanyio My3HKy bh JiroSirre? -ne capitalist
What sort of music do you like? K a n iit a ji ii ct hh e ck nil CTpoti. The
KaKoe ceroAHH hhcjio? What is capitalist system.
the date today? KaKOH ceroAHH KAIIHTAH m. captain
Aenb ne^eJiH? What day of the KannxaH A^^sero njiaBamin. A
week is today? Kanwe ihbgth bbi sea-going KannxaH $yx-
captain.
xothtg KyniiTb? What flowers do Gojibhoh KOMaHAti. The captain of
you want to buy? a football team.
2. what (a). Kanon
xoponraii Aenbl K£n|JIH /., gen. pi. -ejib
What a fine day! Kanan Kpaco- 1. drop. KanAfl jkiiakoctii. A drop
Ta! What beauty! of a liquid. KanJin ao^A^- A
KAK|0fl (-an, -6e, -ne) -HHByflB any raindrop.
flaHTe mho KaKyio-nn6yA b KHiiry. 2. no sing, drops. Kynnxb nanjin
Give me any book. b anTene. To buy some drops at
KAK|(3fi (-an, -6e, -rie)-TO some a chemist's.
Bae cnpamiiBaeT KaKon-TO mvjkhh- KAn^CTA no pi. cabbage
Ha. A man is asking for you. KiiJiorpaMM nanycTH. A kilogramme
KAK-TO adv. somehow, somewhat of cabbage.
To, hto tli cKa3aji, nan-To hchcho. <> KiiCJiafl KanycTa. Sauerkraut.
What you said is somehow not I^BeTBaa KanycTa. Cauliflower.
clear, KAPAH#Am m., gen. -a pencil
KAJIEHflAP|b m. %
gen. -A calendar E[EeTHLie KapaHAamir. Coloured pen-
HacTOJiBHHH KaJien^apB. A desk cils. PncoBaTb KapaHAamoM. To draw
calendar. Otphbk<5h KaJieHAapb. A with a pencil.
tear-off calendar.
KAMEHH|LIS, -an, -oe, -Lie stone
KAPMAH m. pocket
BbrayTh nJiaTOK 113 napMana. To
1. KaMeHHMH rom. A
stone house.
take one's handkerchief out of
2. fig. KaMeHHoe cepAAe. A heart
one's pocket. IIoJio?KHTb rqkbtji b
of stone. money
KapMan. To put in one's
KaMenobiii yrojib. Coal.
pocket.
KAM|EHB m., gen. -hh stone <> Oh 3a cjiobom b KapaiaH He no-
BojibmoH KaMeHb. A large stone.
jie3eT. He has a ready tongue.
BpdcsTb KaMeHb. To throw a stone.
flparoijeHHbie ksImhh. Precious KAPTA ./.

stones. 1. map. IIoAHTikecKafl KapTa mh-

<> HaniJia Koea na KaMeHb (prov- pa. A
political map of the world.
erb). Gf. Diamond cut diamond. 2. card. MrpaTb b KapTbi. To play
KAHAJI m. canal cards.
OpocHTeJibHHH Kanaji. An irrigation KAPTflHA /.
canal. ExaTb no KanaJiy. To sail 1. picture. npeKpacnan KapTima.
along a canal. Abeautiful picture. XyAO/KHHK
KAHflHflAT m. nraieT KapTiray. The artist is
1. candidate. KanAnxaT b AenyTaTbi painting a picture.
BepxoBHoro CoBeTa. A candidate 2. fig. scene. KapTihra npnpoAbi.
to the Supreme Soviet. Ascene of nature.
2. candidate. KaHAHAaT nayK. Mas- KAPTO<DEJIb m., no pi. (colloq. Kap-
ter of science. TomKa) potatoes
KAC 54 KJIA

KACA|TI>CH, -iocb, -einbCfi, -iotcji kilogrammes of sugar. KiiJiorpaMM

imp. koto? nerd?//). KOcn|yTb- Mflca. A
kilogramme of meat.
ch, -yet,. -embcH, -yxca KHJIOMETP m. kilometre
1. to touch. KocnyTBCH 3eMJiH py- Gkojibko KHJiOMexpoB AO ropo/ia?
koh. To touch the ground with How .many kilometres is it to the
the hand. town?
2. fig. to touch upon, to concern. KHHO neut., indecl.
floKJia^qnK KocHyjicH Bonpoca o 1. cinema, ycnexii kiiho. The suc-
noJio?KeHHH B CTpane. The speak- cess of the cinema.
er touched upon the situation in 2. colloq. film. CMOTpeTb khho.
the country. 3xo msh.k He Kaca- To see a film. Tbi CMOTpefl
exca. That doesn't concern me. 3T0 kiiho? Have you seen this
KACCA /. cash-desk film?
IIJiaTHTb fteiibrn b Kaccy. To pay the 3. colloq.cinema. H#xh b khho. To
money at the cash-desk. go to the cinema.
<> C6eperaTejii>iiaK Kacca. Savings KHHOTEATP m. picture palace, cin-
bank. ema
KACTPIOJIH /, saucepan B MoCKBe MHoro KHHOTeaTpoB? Are
KATA|TJbCH, -iocb, -erabcn, -ioxch there many cinemas in Moscow?
imp. na q&M?: Kaxaxbca na jiou;- KIT IICKDflJI h M m. see (DHJIBM
Ke. To go boating. Kaxaxbca na KHOCK m. kiosk, news-stand
Jiiiwax,To go skiing. KaxaTbcn na TaseTHbiH khock. A news-stand.
KOHBKax. To go skating. KyniiTb jKypnaji b KHOCKe. To buy
<> JlioOmnb Ka-raTbCfl jiioGh h — a magazine at a news-stand,
caaoqiifi BosiiTb (proverb). Gf. No KHH|ETf>, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
sweet without some sweat. 3rd pers. ~ht, -jit imp. to boil
KA^ECTBO neut. quality Bo^a khhht. The water is boiling.
KanecTBO pa66xbi. The quality of Mojioko khhht. The milk is boiling.
work. npo^yKiniH BLicoKoro Ka^eCT- KHPIIfl 1! m. gen. -a brick
t

High-quality output. KfiCJIIMK, -an, -oe, -He, short form

KAMA /. porridge Kiiceji, KHCJia, khcji|o, -h; adv.
MaHHan Kama. Semolina pudding. khcjio sour
Tpe^iHeBaH Kama. Buckwheat por- Kucjioe h6jioko, A sour apple.
ridge. KncJiaa KanycTa. Sauerkraut.
<>
KAIII|EJIb m., gen. ~nx cough KJIACC1 m. class
y MeHH cifJibHLiii KaraeJib. / have PaSo^HH KJiacc. The working class.
a bad cough. KJIACC 2 m. f
KA1HJI/IITB, -io, -enib, -iot to cough 1. grade. y^HTbca b nepBOM KJiac-
BoJibHoii cixjibHo KanumeT. The ce. To be in (to be a pupil in)
sick man coughs badly. the first grade.
KBAAPATH -an, -oe, -tie square 2. classroom. B nameM KJiacce
KBaApaxnan KOMnaTa. A square o^enb ^hcto. Our classroom is
room. very clean.
KBAPTAJI m. 3. class. Ham KJiacc onenb ApyjK-
1. block, district. Hoblih ropojicKOH HbiH. We are all friends in our
KBapxaJi. A
new city district,
2. quarter. B TpeTLeai KBapxaJie KJIACCOBlLlfi, -an, -oe, -bie class
axoro ro#a 6pHra#a pa66xajia KJiaccoBan 6opb6a. The class strug-
OTJIOTHO. In the third quarter of gle. KjiaccoBbie npoTHBopeHHS.
this year the brigade worked very Class contradictions. , .

well. K JIACTB , KJiaAly, -emb, -yx, past

KBAPTflPA /. flat KJiaji, KJiaJi|a, -o, -h imp. koto?
TpexKOMHaxuaH KBapTHpa. A three- ^to? na x 6?/ p. noJiojKnTb, no-
"5

room flat. JiojKy, noJioJKHtnb, HOJioJKaT to

KHJIOrPAMM m. kilogramme place, to put
IIhxb KiuiorpaMMOB caxapa. Five Kjiacxb Kunry na cxoji. To put the
KJIE 55 K0J1

book on the table. IIojiojkhtb caxap K05KA /.

B nan. To put sugar in the tea, 1. Ko5Ka Jinna. The skin of the
skin.
<> IIojio>KHTh Ha^aJio EOBOiny ae- face. L[BeT kojkh. Complexion.
jiy. To lay the foundation for some- 2. leather. HeMOftaH H3 ko?kh. A
thing new. leather suitcase.
KJIET|KA /., gen. pi. -ok K05KAH|f>Ifi, -an, -oe, -He leather
1. cage. KynnTb KJieTKy a#h hthh;. KojKaHHir ^eMOA^H. A leather suit-
To buy a bird cage. case. KoJKanoe KpecJio. A leather
2. squared, check. TeTpaAb b KJieT- arm-chair. KoJKanne Ty$Jin. Leath-
Ky. A
squared copy-book, MaTe- er shoes.
paaJi b KJieTKy. Check material. KOJIBACA /. (luncheon) sausage
3. cell. KonnenaH K0Ji6aca. Smoked sausage.
<> Tpy^Hafl KJieTKa. The thorax. Bapenaa KOJi6aca. Boiled sau-
KJlflMAT m. climate sage. ByTep6poA c KOJiSacofi. A
MopcKos KJiMMaT. A maritime cli- sausage sandwich.
mate. Mhfkhh KJIHM3T. A mild KOJIEEATBCH, KOJie6Ji|iocb, -enibca,
climate. -iotch imp.
KJiyB to. club
1. 1st & 2nd pers. not used, to
tremble. JIhctbh A^peBBeB KOJie6-
Pa6oHHH A
workers' club.
KJiy6. B
jihdtch ot BeTpa. The leaves of
KJiy6e ceroAHH Tannbi. There is a
the trees are trembling in the
dance at the club today.
wind.
KJIK) 1! to., gen. -a 2. 1st & 2nd pers. not used, to
1. key. Oh noTepaji kjiio^ ot KBap- fluctuate. t(eHH na puHKe KOJie6-
THpH. He has lost the key to his jiiotch. The prices on the market
flat. 3anepeTb A^epb Ha KJiKra. fluctuate.
To lock the door.
3. to hesitate. KoJie6aTbca b oueH-
2. fig. clue Ke nejioBeKa. To hesitate in as-
KHflrA /. book sessing a person.
Hhtkitb KH^ry. To read a book. KOJl£H|0 neut. pi. -h knees
t

KHfl5K|KA gen. pi. -eK dim. of nocaAHTb peoeHKa na KOJienn. To

KHnra book. put a child on one's lap, MaJib^HK
fleTCKaa KHHJKKa. A children's cha6ji na KOJieHHX y MaTepH. The
book. boy was on his mother's lap. OoHTb
<> 3anncHaH KHHJKKa. Note-book. Ha KOJieHHX. To be kneeling
KHftHHiblH, -an, -oe, -tie book KOJIEC<3 neut. pi. KOJieca wheel
t

KmhKHaH uoJiKa. A bookshelf. KoJieco MamnHH. wheel of aA

Khhjkhhh BiKa$. A bookcase. Khhjk- machine.
hhh Mara3nn. A bookshop. KOJIK^ECTBO neut. quantity
KOB|EP gen.
-pa carpet
to., KoJitfaecTBO boah b 6accelHe. The
MarKHH KOBep. soft carpet.A quantity of water in a swimming-
KOrftA adv. pool,
1.wben. Kor^a th npHAemb ao- KOJIJIEKTflB to. collective body
moh? When will you come home? $pyjKHHH KOJiJieKTi'iB. A united
2. wben. R anaio, Kor^a oh npn- collective. KoJiJieKTHB $a6pHKH.
eABT. / know when he comes. Kor- The collective of a factory.
Aa KOHHnmb padoTy, npnxoflM KOJIJIEKTflBHlblE, -aa, -oe, -He
ko MHe. Come and see me when collective
you have finished your work. KoJiJieKTHBHHH AOroBop. A collec-
KOrAA-HHB^flB adv. some day tiveagreement. KoJiJieKTHBHoe xo~
KorAa-HH6y£b TH BcnoMHHmb 06 3HHCTB0. A collective farm.
3THX CJiOBax. Some day you will KOJIOHHAJIJbH|BlS, -an, -oe, -He
remember these words. colonial
KOr#A-TO adv. some time ago KoJioHnaJibHHH pejKHM. A colonial
H 6hji TaM KOr^a-TO. / was there regime. KoJionnajibnaa noJiHTHKa.
some time ago. A colonial policy.
K0J1 56 KOH

KOJIOHHH /. colony 3a. The Central Committee of the

HapoAH kojiohhh. The peoples of Communist Party of the , Soviet
the colonies. Union. HcnojiHHTeJibBbiH komhtct.
KOJIOHHA /. An executive committee.
column. 3aji c 66jihmh kojioh-
1. KOMMy'Hfl3M m.; no pi. commu-
naMH. A hall with white columns. nism
2. column. KoJionna cnopTCMenoB. CTpoHTb K0MMyHH3M. To build com-
A column of sportsmen. munism.'
KOJIX03 m. collective farm KOMMyHflCT. m. Communist
IlepeAOBOH: K0JIX03. foremost A Goios^'KOMMyHHCTOB. The Union of
collective farm, Pa6oTaTb b koji- Communists. IlapTHH kommvhhctob.
X03e. To work on a collective farm. A Communist Party.
KOJIX03HHK m. collective farmer KOMM y HlICTll 4 ECK [II II , -an, -oe,
Kojixo3hhkh y6iipaioT ypojKan. .
-lie
The collective farmers are gather- 1. communist. KoMMyHHCTifaecKaa
ing in the harvest. napTHH GoBeTCKoro Go 163a. The
KOJIX03H|BlK, -an, -oe, -Lie of a Communist Party of the Soviet ,

collective farm Union.

KoJixosnaH c66cTBeHH0CTB. Collec- 2. communist. Bpnrana kommvhhc-
tive-farm property. TiiHecKoro Tpy^a. A brigade of
KOJIBI^O neut., pi. KOJibiKi, KOJien, Communist Labour.
KOJiMiaM, etc. KOMHATA /. .room
1. ring. 3ojiOToe kojilho. A gold HoBan KoMHaTa. A new room. Gb6t-
ring. Jiaa KOMHaTa. A bright room. B
2\ circle. Exan> no KOJibny. To go KOMHaTe xenjio. It is warm in the
on a train servicing the Circle room.
Line (in the Moscow underground KOMII03HTOP m. composer
railway). H3BeCTHbIH K0MH03HT0P- A well-
KOMAHflA team/. known composer.
OyTSoJibHan KOMaH^a. A football KOMCOMOJI m. the Young Com-
team. munist League
KOMAH^flP m. commander KOMCOMOIJIEI3; m. gen. -ji&na Young
f

KoMannnp noJiKa. A regiment com- Communist Leaguer

mander. KoMaH^np napTH3ancKoro Akthbhlih KOMCOMOJieu;. An active
-
OTpnfta. The commander of a guer- Young Communist Leaguer. Ha
rilla detachment. CTpoHKax paSoTaeT MHoro komco-
KOMAHfflOBATfc, -yio, -yemb, -yro T MOJibneB, Many Young Communist
imp. k e m? ieM? to command Leaguers work at the construction
K o Ma h^o BaT b apMiieii. To command
an army. KOMCOMOJIBCKIHS, -an, -oe, -ite
KOMBASH m. combine Young Communist League
yroJibHHH K0M6aiiH. A coal mining Komcomojibckhh 6hji6t. A Young
combine. Communist League (membership)
KOMBHHAT m. mill, plant card. KoMCOMOJibCKoe coSpamie. A
Oh pa66xaeT Ha 6yMa?KHOM kom6h- Y.C.L. meeting,
HaVe. He works at a paper mill. KOHBEPT m. envelope
KoM5aHaT SbiTOBoro o6c;iy>Kii- KyniiTb KOHBepT. To buy an enve-
BaHHH. A personal service establish- lope, SaKJienTb KOHBepT. To seal an
ment, envelope.
KOMflCCHH /. commission KOH|EI}; rn. t
gen. -n,a end
ripneMHaa komhcchh. A selection Koneri khhfh. The end of the book.
commission, H36npaTeJiBHaH ko- <> B KOHo;e kohd;6b. At last, at
mhcchh. An election commission. the end. IIojio>KHTb Konen; qeaiy-
KOMHTET m. committee jih6o. To put an end to something.
L(eHTpaJILHHH KOMHTeT KoMMVHHC- CBOflHTb KOHObl C KOHH,aMH. Ta
TtmecKOH napniH CoBeTCKoro Cok> make both ends meet.
KOH 57 KOC

KOHfcHHO [-nra-] KOHBKfl pi., sing. kohSk m., gen.

1. paren. word certainly. Tbi, ko- KOHbKa skates
He^HO, 3Haerab 06 stom. You cer- BeroBHe kohbkij. Racing skates.
tainly know that. KaTaTbca na KOHbnax. To skate.
2. particle of course. Tbi noHAemb KOnE|SKA /., gen. pi. -eK copeck
b khho? —
Kone^HoI "Will you
"
(the smallest Russian coin, 1/100 of
go to the cinema?" 'Of course!" a rouble).
KOHCfiPBlBI pi., no sing., gen. -ob O^na KonenKa. One copeck. JJse
food preserves KoneHKH. Two copecks. IlHTh ko-
OBoniHHe KOHCepBH. Canned vege- neeK. Five copecks.
MncHbie KOncepBH. Canned
tables. KOPABJI|B m. gen. -h ship t

meat. pLi6HH.e KOHcepBH. Canned BoeHHHH K0pa6Jib. A warship.

fish. KOPIEHB m., gen. -hh
KOHCTHTyipiH /. constitution 1. root. Kopenb pacTeHHfi. The
KOHTPOJIBH|BlK, -an, -oe, -He con- root of a plant.
trol, test 2. root. Kopenb cJioBa. The root
rincaTb KOHTpoJibiiyio pa66Ty. To of a word.
write a test-paper. 3. root. H3BJie^b KBaspaTHHH Ko-
KOH<DETA /. sweet penb E3 ^ncjia. To extract the
EIoKOJiaAHas KOH<f>eTa. A chocolate. square root of a number.
IIhtbcot rpaMMOB KOH<j>eT. Five <> CaioTpeTb b Kopenb. To get at
hundred grammes of sweets. the root (of something),
KOHIJEPT m. KOPHflOP m. corridor, passage
1. concert. Konn,epT necnn h miac- KOPflHHEBlBlH, -an, -oe, -He hrown
KH. A concert of songs and KOPMfiTB, KOpMJItO, KOpMHHIb, nop-
dances. Konn;epT xy#6?KecT- mht imp. koto? qeM? / p. na-
BeHHOH caMo/^eHTe jibhocth An . KOPMHTB, HaKOpMJIIO, HaKOpMHmb,
1
amateur performers concert. HaKopMfiT to feed
2. concerto. KoHnipT #jih cKpimKH MaTb kopmht peSemta cynoM. The
c opneCTpOM. A
concerto for mother gives soup to her child.
violin and orchestra. KGP<3E|KA /., gen. pi. -ok box
KOH^£|TB, -emb, -iot imp.
-10, Kop66Ka cnn^eK. A box of matches.
q to? &-]~inf. / p. kohhIhtb, -y, KopoSna KOH$eT. A box of sweets.
-Hmb, -ax KOPOBA /. cow
1. to finish. Koh^htb 6eceAy. To B KOJixo3e MHoro KopoB. The col-
finish a conversation. IIeBHn;a lective farm has many cows.
KOH^HJia ne/rb^ -^he singer fin- KOPOJISB m„ gen. r i king
ished singing. KOPOTKjHH, -oe, -He, short form
-afl,

2. to finish, to graduate. Kohhhtb KopOTOK, KOpOTKa, KOpOTK|0, -H",

rtiKOJiy, To finish school. Koh- adv. KOpOTKO comp. Kopo^e short
;

qiiTb yHHBepCHTeT. To graduate 1. Short, KopoTKHH HHflHCaK. A

from the University. short coat._ KopoTKan KypTKa.
r
A
KOHHAjTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers.. not short jacket. ;••

used, 3rd pers.. ~eTCH., -iotca: imp. /.

: 2. short, KoppTKHH cpoK. short A
p.- kohh|htbch, 1st & 2nd pers. not . time. KppoTKEtsi pa3rOBop. A
used, 3rd. pers. -etch, -aTCH to short conversation. KopoTKO ot-
end i; v BeTHTB. To answer briefly.
KoHr^epr KOH^aeTCH b 10 ^acoB Be- 3. only short form too short. K)oKa
Hepa. The concert ends at 10 en KopoTKa. The skirt is too short
o'clock in the evening. for. her.
K6HHMTB KOHHATB
see KOCMflHECKjHfij -an, -oe, -He cos-
KOHHHTBCH KOHHATBCH
see . mic^* space
KOHB m,, gen. kohjt; pi. kohh, ko- KocMtraeCKoe npocTpancTBo. Space.
Hea, kohhm, etc. horse KqcMHqecKHii Kopa6nb, A space-
ExaTb na KOHe. To ride on horse- ship. KocMEraecKne nywk. Cosmic
back. rays.
KOC 58 KPE

KOCMOHABT m. cosmonaut KPA|CHTB, -my, -ciimb, -cat imp.

KOCMOC m. cosmos, space xit o? / p. noKpa|cHTB, -my, -csnib,
M3yHeniie KocMOca. Studying -cht to paint
space. IIoJieTBi b kocmoc. Space KpaciiTb noji. To paint the floor.
flights, KPAQKA /., gen. pi. -ok paint

KOCHYTbCH see KACATBCH ToJiy6aH KpacKa. Blue paint.

KOCT|b /., gen. pi. -eii bone KPACHEjTb, -jo, -emb, -iot imp. j
IlepeJioM kocth. A fracture. p. noKpacnelTb, -10, -emb, -iot to
turn red; to blush, to flush
KQCTIOM m. suit, costume
HSjiokii noKpacneJiH. The apples
GnopTHBHHH koctiom. A sports cos- turned red. KpacneTb ot CTHfla. To
tume. KynHTb koctiom. To buy a
blush with shame.
suit.
KPACHjblii, -an, -oe, -He, short form
KOTJIETA /. cutlet, rissole Kpacen, npacna, KpacH|o, -h red
MncHHe kotjicth. Meat cutlets (ris- KpacHLin Kapan^am. A red pencil.
soles). 2Kapim> KOTJieTH. To fry <> Kpaeaa« nJioma^b. Red Square.
cutlets.
KPA|CTb, -fly, -flemb, -flyT, past npaji,
KOTOPIBIS, -a#, -oe, -He -a, -o, -b. imp. ito? y koto?/
1. who, which. H
3Haio TOBapmiia,
p. ynpa|CTb, -fly, -flerab, -fl^T, past
KOTopHH npnexaji H3 JleHHH- ynpaji, -a, -o, -k to steal
rpafla. /know the comrade who Oh ynpaJi y hhx fleHbrn. He stole
came from Leningrad. money from them.
2. what, which. Kotophh nac?
KPATK|Hli, -an, -oe, -He, short form
What time is it? Ffle KHiira, ko-
KpaTOK, Kparaa, KpaTK|o, -h; adv.
Topyio Tbi o6euiaJi? Where is the
KpaTKO short, brief, concise
booh which you promised?
KO<DE m. indecl., no pi. KpaTKHH flOKJiafl. A brief report.
t

1. coffee. nJiaHTannn Ko$e, A cof-

KpaTKHH cjioBapb. A concise dic-

fee plantation.
tionary. H 6yfly KpaTOK. Vll be
brief.
2. coffee. IIhtb ^epHHH Ko$e. To
KPEMJI|& m. gen. -h the citadel of
drink black coffee. K6$e c mo- t

an old Russian town

jiokom. White coffee.
Mockobckhh KpeMJib. The Moscow
KOmiKA /., gen. pi. -en cat Kremlin.
Hepnan KomKa. A
black cat.
KP£lIK|Hft, -an, -oe, -He, short form
KPAfi m., prepos. o upae & b npaio, KpenoK, Kpenna, KpenK|o, -h;
Ha Kpaio; pi. Kpasi adv. KpenKo; com p. Kpenne
1. edge. Ha Kpaio CTOJia. On the 1. hard. KpenKHH opex. Hard nut.
edge of the table. 2. strong. KperiKHH opraHH3M. A
2. land. Pojihoh Kpafi. The native strong organism.
land. TenJiHe Kpaa. Warm lands. 3. strong. KpenKoe bhho. Strong
3. territory. CTaBponotf&CKHH Kpafi. wine. KpenKHH nan. Strong tea.
Stavropol territory. KpenKHH coh. sound sleep. A
KPAH rn. KpenKo cnaTb. To sleep soundly.
v l. tap. BoAonpoBoAHHH Kpan. A KPEnHlYTB, -emb, -yT,
-y, past
water tap. OTKpoH Kpan. Turn Kpen, -Jia, imp.jp. OKpen-
-jio, -jih
the tap on. n|yTb, -y, -emb, -yT, past 0Kp6n,
2. crane. IIofl'LeMHHH KpaH. crane. A -jra, -jio, -jih to grow stronger
KPACflB|I>lfi, -an, -oe, -He, short PeSeHOK onpen. The child grew
form KpacuB, -a, -o, -h; adv. Kpa- stronger. KpenneT flpy?K6a Meatfly
chbo beautiful; handsome CTpanaMH. The friendship between
KpaciiBan fleBymKa. A beautiful countries grows stronger.
girl. KpacuBan MecTHocTb. Beauti- KPEQJIO neut., gen. pi. -eJi armchair
ful country. BoKpyr 6*ieHb Kpacu- MflTKoe K pec jio. A
soft armchair.
bo. Everything around is very beau- GnfleTb b npecJie. To sit in an arm-
tiful. chair.
KPE 59 KTO

KPECTbHHMH m., pi. KpecTLHHe, Kpyrjibm eiipoTa, A complete or-

KpecTbHH peasant phan. Kpyrjibiii otjih^uhk. A pu-
KPECTbflHCK|H#, -an, -oe, -He peas- pil with only excellent marks. Kpyr-
ant jjypaK. An utter fool.
jibrii
KpecTbHHCKan ceMMi. A peasant KPy>K|OK m., gen. -Ka circle, society
family. JTnTepaTypHbifi KpyjKOK. A litera-
KPHB|Ofi, -an, --de, -Lie crooked ry society. Kpy?KOK nennn. sing- A
KpiiBaa A crooked line.
jihhhh. ing group.
KpHBaflyjrarja. A crooked street. KPyilHIblH, -an, -oe, -Lie large
KPfiKHYTb see KPH^ATB Kpynnoe npe^upHHTiie. large A
KPHH|ATb, -limb,
-y, -aT imp./ enterprise. KpynnaanpoMLiniJieii-
p. KpRKHlyTir, -y, -enib, -yT to cry, HOCTb. Large-scale i?idustry.
to shout O Pa3MenaTb KpynHbie aenbrn.
Kpn^iaxb ot 66 jih. To cry with To change large bank-notes. Kpyrr-
pain. He KpunuTe na Mennl Don't Hbiii pa3ros6p. A serious conver-
shout at me! sation
KPOBATb bed
/. KPyT|OlI, -aa, -de, -Lie, short form
flepeB^HHafi KpoBatb. A wooden KpyT, Kpyxa, KpyT|o, -h; adv. npy-
bed. JlemaTb na KposaTH. To lie TO
on a bed. 1. steep. Kpyxaa ropa, A steep
KPOBb /., .no pi., prepos. b KpoBii hill.
blood 2. sharp. KpyToft nosopoT Aopdni.
Oh nope3a:i noKa3ajiacb
naJien., A sharp, turn of the road.
KpOBb. He cut his finger and-, blood 3. fig. sharp. KpyTOH. xapaKTep.
appeared. A sharp temper.
<> EopoTi>c/i j\o nocjie^Hefi Kaium KPblJIO neut., pi. kphjibh wing
KpoBH. To fight to one's last drop KptiJio nrnrjbi. The wing of a bird.
of blood. Kpmid caMOJieTa. The wing of a
KPOME prep. + gen. plane.
1. except. npiraiJin. Bee, KpoMe KPblfflA /. roof
o^Horo CTy^eHTa. Everybody /KeJie3Haa Kptiraa. A
metal roof.
came, except one student. KpLima flOMa. The roof of a house.
2. besides. KpoMe Meua, npiimJio KPblm|KA /., gen. pi. -en lid
eme HecKOJibKO HeJioBeK. A few KptimKa HaniiHKa. The teapot (tea-
people came besides myself. kettle) lid.
<> Oh xopouio nrpaeT b BOJieii6"6ji, KCTATH adv. .& paren. word by the
a Kponie Toro oh Tiemioxofi way, on the way
maxiviaTHCT. He plays volley-ball Kor/xa non^erab b Mara3nn }
KcraTH
well, besides he is not a bad chess- 3aHflii Ha noHTy. When you go to
player. the shop, call at the post-office on
Kpyr m., pi -h the way. KcTaTrr, on yme npnexaji?
1. circle. ILnomaAb npyra. The By the way, has he already come?
area of a circle. KTO pron., gen., acc. kofo [KaBo],
2. circle. TaHayiorrnie o6pa30Bajm dat. KOMy, instr. kcm, prepos. o kom
mnpoKHH Kpyr. The dancers who
formed a large circle. Kto npnmeJi? Who has come? Kord
<> B Kpyry jrpy3eii. Among Hex b KJiacce? Who is absent from
friends. B xecnoM Kpyry. Among the class? KoMy jxsah KHury? Whom
friends. shall [ give the book to? Kord tlx
KPyrJIfbia, -an, -oe -Lie, short form t Tan BHAiimb? Whom
do you see
Kpyrji, KpyrJia, npyrjijo, -h round there? KeM tli He^OBOJien? Whom
KpyrJibiH ctoji. A round table. are you displeased with? kom tli
KpyrJioe jihd;6. A round face. jiyMaenib? Whom are you thinking
<> KpyrjiMH rb#. The whole year about? H 3naio, kto B3HJI mobl cjio-
round. Kpyrjibie cvtkh meji Bapb. / know who has taken my
AOJKftb. It rained round the clock. dictionary.
KTO 60

KTO-HHBy^b pron., gen., acc. koto- 1

KypK), KypnmB, KypHT imp.
nn6yA*> [KaBO-], dat. KOMy-HnSyAB, h t o?/ p. noKypiiTB, noKypio, no-
instr. KeM-Hn6yA b prepos. o kom- ,
Kypnm&, noKypnT to smoke
Hn6yA*> somebody, anybody KypnTB naniipocBi. To smoke ciga-
KT6-HH6yffE> npmneji? Has anybody rettes. Bbi KypHTe? Do you smoke?
come? CKaJKH KOMy-HH6yA*> 06 stom. Kypnxe, no>KajiyncTa. Have a
Tell somebody about that. cigarette, please.
KTO-TO pron., gen., acc. koto-to [na- KyPHIJA /., pi. K ypH
b6-], dat. KOMy-TO, instr. kom-to, 1. hen. BeJiaa Kypnna. A white
prepos. kom-to somebody hen.
Kto-to BoraeJi b KonnaTy, ho oh 2. chicken. JKapeHaa Kypnua.
He BHAeJi, kto. Somebody entered Roast chicken. Gyn c Kypiiueii.
the room but he could not see who Chicken soup.
was.
it KyPG m.
KY/fA adv. where 1. course, series. KpaTKHH Kypc
KyAa tbi HAemb? Where are you HCTOpHH. A
short history course.
going? H&ao pemHTS, KyAa mh IIpocjiyinaTB Kypc JieKiinn no
noeAeM JieTOM. We
must decide where JiHTepaType. To listen to a se-
we shall go in the summer. ries of lectures on literature.
KyflA-HHE^b adv. somewhere 2. year of study. CxyAeHT BTOporo
IIojiojkh khhth KyAa-Hii6yA fc h Kypca. A
second-year student. Oh
noHAeM. Put the books somewhere y^HTCH Ha TpeTBeM Kypce. He is
and let's go. in his third year. BTopon Kypc
Ky#A-TO adv. somewhere saHHMaeTCH b ayAHTopiiH HOMep
h KyAa-To noJio^KiiJi cbo/i khuth. 5. The second year students are in
/ put my books somewhere. Oh Ky- room No. 5.
Aa-TO ymeJi. He has gone some- O Bbitb b Kypce, To be in the
where. know.
KyjlAK m., gen. -a fist
^
KyC|0K m., gen. -Ka piece
YAapnTB KyjiaKOM no cTOJiy. To Boabhioh KycoK cBipa. large A
strike the table with one's fist. piece of cheese. KycoK xjie6a. piece A
KyJIBT^PA /. of bread. KycoK caxapa. lump A
1. culture. Hctophh KyJiBTypn. of sugar.
The history of culture. ^eaxeJiB KyCT m., gen. -a bush
KyJibTypH. A .
cultural worker. IIpHTaTBCH b Kyerax, To hide in
2. crop. 3epH0BHe KyjnvrypBi. Ce- the bushes.
real crops. TexmraecKiie KyJib- KSX\UfL /., gen. pi. -ohb kitchen
TypBi. Technical crops. Totobhtb o6ca Ha.Kyxne. To cook
3. culture. ^ieJioBeK 6oJiBm6ii KyjiB- dinner in the kitchen.
TypH. A
man of great culture. K"yiIIA|Tb, -10 (1st pers. rarely used),
4. : KyJibTypa npon3BOACTBa. Stan- -enib, -10T imp. q t 0? / p. noKy-
dard of production. ma|Tb -10, -enib, -iot to eat
t

KyJIBT^PHlblS, -an, -oe

;
-Lie, short KymaHTe, noj-isajiyiiCTa. Help your-
form KyJiBTypen, KyJibTypn|a, -o, -bi self.
1. cultured. KyjibTypHHH iieJioseK.
A
cultured man. Onu HeAoCTa-
tohho KyjiBTypHBi. They are not JI, ji

cultured enough.
2. only complete form cultural. JlATEP|b m., pi. -h camp
KyJiBTypHBie cbhsh. Cultural re- IlnonepCKHH JiarepB. A Young Pio-
lations. neers' camp. TypncTHHecKHH jia-
KynA|TbCH, -10CB, -eniBca, -iotch repB. A tourist camp.
imp, to bathe JlA^HO particle colloq. all right
KynaTBCH b Mope. To bathe in the Mbi cerOAHH noa^eM b khho? —
"
sea. JIaflHO. Shall we go to the pictures
KynSTB see noKynATb today?" "All right."
JIAM 61 JIEC

JIAMIIA /. lamp; light 2. fig. icy. JleAJinou bsfjihji. An

SjieKTpirqecKan JiaMna. An electric icy look. Oh CKa3a.Ji 3xo JieRH-
lamp. HacTOJibnaH JiaMna. A desk hmm tohom. He said that icily.
lamp. JiaMna b 40 BaTT. 40 -watt A JIEJKJATB, -y, -nnib, -ax imp. r#e?
lamp. JiaMna na 127 bojibx. A 1. to lie, to be. JlemaxB na RHBaHe,
127 -volt bulb. To lie on a divan. Khhfh JientaT
JIACKOB|BI0, -an, -oe, -He, short Ha CTOJie. The books are on the
form JiacKOB, -a, -o, -h; adv. aac- table.
kobo 2. to lie, to be ill. JlensaTB b no-
1. affectionate, kind. JlacKOBan CTeJin. To lie in bed. Moh xoBa-
MaxB. An affectionate mother. pnm; y>Ke 2 Mecnua jicjkhx b 6gjib-
JTacKOBHH B3rJiHfl;. A kind look. Hnne. My
friend has already
JIacKOBoe Jiimo. A kind face. been in hospital for two months.
JIacKOBO yjm6axBCH. To smile <> y
aero cepnije ne JieJKHT k
affectionately. 6toh paSoxe. He has a distaste for
2. fig. gentle. JIacKOBHH Bexep. this work.
A gentle wind. JIacKOBoe cojih- JIE3|TE>, -y, -eniB, -yx, past Jie3, -Jia,
n;e. A
caressing sun. -jio, -jih imp. Ky/i;a?
<> JIacKOBoe cjiobo, hto ueceHimu 1. to climb. JIe3TB Ha Repeso. To
Aenb (proverb). An endearing word climb a tree. JIe3xi> na ropy. To
is like a spring day. climb a mountain.
JIEBJBIH, -an, -oe, -tie left 2. to get. JIe3TB b BORy. To get
JleBafl pyna. The left hand (arm). into the water.
JleBaa nora. The left foot (leg). 3. JIe3TB b KapMae. To put one's
:

Moh rom Ha JieBon cTopone yjrnnjbi. hand into one's pocket.

My house is on the left side of the <> JIe3TB iie b cBoe ReJio (colloq.).
street. _ Cf. To poke one's nore into other
JIErK|HM, -aa, -oe, -ne [-xk-], short people's affairs. He Jie3Tb 3a cjio-
form jieroK, Jiernja, -d, -n; adv. bom b Kapnan. To have a ready
JierKo; comp. jier^e tongue.
1. light. JlerKaa cyMKa. light bag. A JIEKAPCTBO neut. medicine
2. easy. Jlernafi pa66xa. Easy FopBKoe JienapcTBo. A bitter medi-
work. Jlernan 3a£aHa. An easy cine. IIpiiHHMaTB JienapcTBo. To
task. 3xy 3aAany a JierKo pe- take medicine. JleicapcxBO ot na-
mHJi. solved that
/ task easily. uiJifl. Cough medicine.
3. slight. Jlernnii Mopoa. A slight JIEKIJHH /. lecture
frost. MHTepecnafl JieKUHfl. An interesting
4. easy. Jler-KHH xapaitTep. An easy lecture. JleKUHH no MaxeMaxnne.
temper. A lecture on mathematics. ^nxaTb
<> JlerKaa npoMbiinjieiiHOCTb. Light (cJiymaxB) jieKinin. To deliver (to
industry. JlerKan My3WKa. Light listen to) lectures. Ha JieKnjiH 6bijio
music, y Hero JierKo na j^yme MHoro napoffa. There were many
(predic. impers.). He feels light- people the lecture.
at_
hearted, JIEHflB|BIH, -an, -oe, -He, short form
JIE TKOMIjIC JIEHH| Bill , -an, -oe, -He jieHHB, -a, -o, -h; adv. JienwBo lazy
1. light-headed. JlerKOMHCJiennbifi JlemfBHH cxyRenx. A lazy student.
neJiOBeK. A
light-headed person. JleHHBO pa66xaxb, To work lazily.
2. light-headed. JlerKOMHCJiemiHH JIEHTA /, ribbon
nocxynoK. A
light-headed action. ToJiy6aH Jienxa. A
pale blue ribbon.
JIEH m. gen. JiBRa ice
7 JIEC prepos. o Jiece & b Jiecy; pi.
?n.,
XopomiiH Jie% na KaTKe. Good ice jieca wood, forest
on the skating-rink. BaJiex na Jit^y. FycTOK Jiec. A dense forest. Mh
Ice-ballet. ROJiro ryjiHJin no ocenneMy Jiecy.
JIE#JIH|OM, -an, -oe, -Lie We walked in the autumn forest
1. ice. JleAHHaa Ropo>KKa. An ice for a long time. Ha xeppiixopHH
track. CGCP ecxb n jmcxBeHHHe n XBonntie
JIEC 62 mux

jieca. There are deciduous and He asked whether I should go to

coniferous forests on the territory of the library today.
the USSR, JIHHEIMKA /., gen. pi. -en
JlECTHHIJA /• staircase 1. ruler.
IHnpoKafl JieCTHHija. A broad stair- 2. line. TeTpaAb b mineiiKy. A
case. IIoftHaTbCH no JiecTnnne. To ruled copy-book.
go up the stairs. 3Ta JiecraiiHa JIHHHH /.
Bep$T Ha Bxopoii 3Ta?K. This stair- 1. line. npHMan jihhhh. A straight
case leads to the first floor. line. KpiiBan jihhhh. A curved
JIETA|TB, -io, -emi>, -iot imp. to fly line. IlapaJiJieJiBHMe jiiihiih.
XIt0d;h JieTaiOT. Birds fly. CaMOJie- Parallel lines.
TH H3 MoCKBil JieTaiOT B JlenimrpaA 2. fig, policy. JIhhhh napTHH. The
keukahh jxQBh. Planes fly from Mos- policy of a party.
cow Leningrad every day.
to JIIICT 1 m., pi. jiiiCTbH, jincTbeB leaf
JIE|TETb, -ny, -Ti'raib, -tat imp. to OceHHiie JiiiCTBH. Autumn leaves.
fly JIhctlh b cany iiOJKeJiTeJiH. The
1. to fiy. 3tot caMOJieT JieTHT b leaves in the garden have turned
MocKBy. That plane is flying to yellow.
Moscow. IIthhh jigtht na ior. JIHCT 2 m, t pi. jihctli, jihctob sheet
The birds are flying to the south. JIhct 6yMarn. A sheet of paper.
2. fig. to fly, BLiCTpo jigtht Bpe- JThct JKeJieaa. A sheet of iron.
Mfl, Time flies. JIIITEPATyPA /.
JIETH|M 7
-an, -ee f
-lie 1. literature. CoBeTCKan JinTepary-
1. summer. JleTHiiii geuh. A sum- pa. Soviet literature. Apa6cKan
mer day. JiHTepaTypa. Arabic literature.
2. summer. JleTHee njiaTbe, naiib- Hsy^aTt JiiiTepaTypy. To study
to. A summer dress, overcoat. literature.
3. summer. Jlerane KaHiiKyjiH. 2. literature. JIirrepaTypa no 3T0My
Summer holidays. Bonpocy. The literature on this
JIETO neut., no pi. summer subject.
/KapKoe cyxoe JieTo. A dry hot JlHTEPATyPH|LlH, -an, -oe, -ne liter-
summer. IIpOBeCTH jieTO na Mope, ary
na Rtme. To spend the summer at JlHTepaxypHLiii H3biK. The literary
the seaside, in the country. language. JlHTepaTypnoe npoirsBe-
JIETOM adv. in summer Aenne. A work of literature, JIiiTe-
J16tom h
OTftLixaio na Mope, fn paTypuBiii KpyjKOK. A literary so-
summer I rest at the seaside. ciety.
JIETHHK m. flyer JIIITb, -emb, -iot; imper. jieiU
jib|io,
no^Biire JieTHHKa MapecteBa jieHTelimp. h t o? to pour
3naeT Beet MHp. The whole world JIhtb bo AY b cTaKan. To pour water
knows about the flyer Maresyev' into the glass.
feat. <> J%o*Kj$h JibeT Kaic ti3 Benpa. It
JIEHfiTB, Jieny, JHknmb, JienaT imp. is raining cats and dogs.
koto? hto? ot nerd? h cm?/ JIHD[0 neut., pi. Jiriu;a face
p. BHJieHjiiTB, -y, iimb, -aT to 1. face. BJieAHoe jihho. A pale
treat face. PyMHHOe jihh.6 A rosy
Bpa T
J JieniiT 6oJiLHoro ot rpimna. face. Ho ee nrnxy TewyT cjig3h.
The doctor is treating the patient for Tears are streaming down her
the 'flu. cheeks.
JIE^B see JIOJKKTBCH 2. face. Oh ctohji jihhom k OKny.
JIH particle whether Tie stood with his face turned to
He xoTHTe jih bli hojhth b TeaTp? the window.
Don't you want to go to the theatre? <> TOBOpHTb B JIHHO qT6-JlH0O KO-
Ectb jih y Bac srra KHnra? Have My-JiH5o. To say something to
you got that book? Oh cnpociui, (ne) somebody's face. Bbicrynarb ot
noiiAy Jin h eeroAHH b 6n6jiHOTeKy. jinna Kor6-JiH6o. To speak on
Jim 63 jiy ii

somebody's behalf. Ha neivr jiii- JIO>K|KA /., gen. pi. -eK spoon
Ha Her! He looks awful/ GTOJioBbie h ^aiiHbie jiojkkh. Ta-
JlS^HlLIll, -aa, -oe, -Lie personal, blespoons and teaspoons. IIpHHHMaTb
private JienapcTBo no ctojioboh Ji6?KKe TpH
JIiiqHaa c66cTBeHHOCTb. Personal pa.3a b Reiih. To take a tablespoon
property. Jlirqnoe j\eJio. One's pri- of medicine three times a day.
vate business. JIOMA|TB, -io, -enib, -k)t imp. hto?/
JIllmfliHM, -aa, -ee, -ne p. cJi0Ma|Tb, -io, -enib, -iot
1. extra, spare. Hex jih y Bac 1. to break. CnoMaxb naJiny. To
jiHnmero 6iiJieTa? Have you got break a stick. Pe6enoK JiOMaex
a spare ticket? iirpyniKH. The child breaks its
2. unnecessary. 9tii Benin JirnnBiie, toys.
a ne B03LMy iix c co66ii. These 2. fig.: Oh jioJiro jiomsIji roJioBy
things are unnecessary; I wont na# Tpy/iHoii 3aAaaen. He cudg-
take them with me, elled his brains over the diffi-
JIOB m., gen. Ji6a forehead cult problem for a long time.
Blicokhu jio6. A
high forehead. JIOMA|TLCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
Hh3khh jio6. A
low forehead. used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp. f
JIOBllTb, JIOBJIIO, JlOBHDJb, JIOBHT
p. cjiOMa|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
imp. koto? ito? ^lbm?/p. itoh- used, 3rd pers. -exca, -iotch to
Ma|Tb, -io, -erab, -k>t break
1. to catch. IToHMaTL mhh. To catch MeJi JiOMaeTCJi. The chalk crum-
the ball. bles. Ilepo CJioMaJiocb. The nib has
2. to catch. JToBri.Tb pu6y ceTbio, broken.
yAO^KOH. To
catch fish with a
net, fishing-rod. JIobhtl nrnq.
JIOHIA/Jb gen. pi. Jiomafleii, instr.
jioinaflfcMH horse
To catch birds.
PaSo^aa Jioinarib. A draught horse.
3. fig. to catch, to devour. JIoBiiTb
E3^HTb na Jioma/iH. To ride a
B3rjiflfl. To catch somebody's eye.
horse
JIobetb CJiOBa. To devour every
word. JIYK m., no pi. onion(s)
O JIoBHTb na cjiobg. To take some- 3eJieHtiH JiyK. Spring onions. Ma-
body at his word. Oh noiimaJi ce5a co c jivkom. Meat with onions.
na Mbicjiii, xito
^y MaeT neii. He JIYHA // moon
caught himself thinking about Ha ne6e noiiHaJiacb MOJioxaa JiyaeL
her A new moon rose in the sky. Co-
JIOBK|Hfi[, -an, -oe, -ire, short form BeTCKiie y^enbie c$OTorpa$npOBajin
jiobok, JiOBKa, jiobk|o, -h; aefr'.'jiOB- o6paTHyio CTopony JIvhli. Soviet
ko scientists photographed the reverse
1. agile. JIobkhh cnopTCMen. An side of the Moon.
agile sportsman. JIYH m. }
gen. -a ray, beam
2. adroit. JIobkhh nptiJKOK. An Jlymi cojimia. Sunbeams.
adroit jump. MaJib^iiK jiobko
BJie3 na ftepeso. The boy climbed 1. comp. of adf. xopoumti better.
the tree adroitly. Tboh pncynoK Jiyqme, ^eM moh.
JIOfllKA /., gen. pi. -ok boat Your drawing is better than mine
B Tpn
"seJiOBeKa. There
JidflKe 6lijio 2. comp. of adv. xopomo better,
were three people in the boat. Ka- nirranxe jiyqrae! Write more
TaTLCH na JiOAKe. To go boating. carefully/
JI05K|$TLCH, -ycb, -iinibca, -aTca predic. imper s. BoJibHOMy cxaJio
imp. Kyfla? / p. Jie^b, Jia|ry, nymne. The sick man felt better.
-/Kemi>, -ryx, past jier, JierJi|a, -6, 3. particle rather. Mne He xo^exca
-h; imper. jiarl jiarTe! to lie iijtth b xeaTp, noHAew Jiy^nie
H Jier Ha ftHBan. / lay down on the b kiiho. / don't want to go to
divan. R pano JiojKycB cnaxb. / go the theatre, let's rather go to the
to bed early. cinema.
 64 MAJI

O Grapbiii Apyr Jiy'ime hobbix love. JIio6oBb k pdflHHe, k jiioahm,

Abvx (proverb). An old friend k ^GTHM, k pa66xe, k Hayne. Love of
is than
better two new ones. one's country, of people, of children,
JIy*irae no3jino, neu HiiKor^a. of work, of science. Oh c jhooobbio
Better late than never. Jlynme c^eJiaJi 3xy nemb. He made this
ecero. Best of all. Kan mohcho thing with enthusiasm.
Jiymnc. As best as one can. JIK)B|OfI, -aa, -oe, -bie
Jiy lIHI|HII, -an, -ee, -ne superl. of 1.any. npuxoAUTe ko mh6 b jiio-
xopommi the best 66e BpeMH. Come to see me at
3xo Jiy^tnee 3Aanne b ropoAe. This any time. Oh 6hji totob BbinoJi-
is the best building in the city. HHTb «nio6yio pa6dxy. He was
3xo Jiy^miiH CTy^eiiT uaoiefi rpyn- ready to do any work.
uu. He is the best student in our 2. used as n. anyone. JIio6dii BaM
group. 3xa KHHra- —
Jiyqniee npoii3- cKajKeT, r#e naxdfliiTCfl Mexpo.
Beflenne 3Toro niicaxejifi. This book Anyone will tell you where the
is the best work of this writer. underground station is.
JIi>I/KK pi., sing. JiH/Ka skis JTIO B O II KITH BIM -aa, -oe, -He
|
,

GJiOMaTB jilijkii. To break one's skis. 1. curious. JIio6onMTHHii *ieJiOBeK.

Onri jii66ht xo/nkb ua jiH>Kax. A curious person.
They like to go skiing. Kangipe 2. fig. inquisitive. JIiooonbiTHbm
B0CKpecenr>e mm KaxaeMCH ua jim- B3rJiH,n;. An
inquisitive eye.
/Kax. Every Sunday we go skiing. JI ID ,3,11 pi., gen., acc. Jiioflea, dat.
JIIOBHM|BIiI, -an, -oe, -tie moRtiM, instr. nm^buu, prepos. o
1. beloved, favourite. JTioSoMan ;;e- jiio/ihx; sing. HejiOBeK m, people
BymKa. One's beloved girl. JIio-
ohmhh CLiii. One's favourite son.
2. beloved, favourite. «JTio6hmhh M, M
ropoji;. One's beloved city. JIio6h-
mliit micaxejib. One's favourite MATA3HH m. shop
writer. JIiodriMaa Kiirira. One's IIpo^oBoJibCTBeHnbiH Mara3t*H. A
favourite book. JIio6tfMoe ftjiibjsjo. food shop. KonflKTepcKHH Mara3iin.
One's favourite dish. A confectionery. yHHBepcaJibHLiii
JIIOBIlTB, jiio6jiio, Jii66iinib, jii66ht Mara3HH. A
department store. Ky-
imp. koto? hxo? or -f- inf. / nrkb npo^yKTH b Marasnne. To
p. nojiioSiiTb, nojiio6jiio, nojiiodniHb, buy foodstuffs at a shop.
noju66HT MAH m. May
1. to love. JIioShtb portray. To TeriJiBiii Man. A warm May. R po-
love one's country. Jliodiixb Maxb. ^hjich B Mae. / was born in May.
To love one's mother. ilojiioSnxb MAJI, -a, -6, -h short adj. (cf.
^eByumy, To fall in love with a MAJIEHBKHH) too small
girl. JTio6riTb JiHTepaTypy, pa66- 8th 6othhkh cxaJin Mauibi MaJiKqn-
xy. To love literature, work. Ky. These boots have become too
2.to like. H jiioSjiio nrpaxb ua small for the boy.
ponJie. / like to play the piano. MAJIEHBK|HIL ;aH, -oe, -lie, short
JIIOE|OBATbCH, -yiocb, -yenibCH, form Maji, MaJia, MaJio, MaJibi; comp.
-yiOTCH imp. k e m? neM?//;. no- Meiibrue (q. v.)
Jiio6|0BaTbca, -yiocb, -yeniLCH, 1. small. MajieubKan KOMHaTa. A
-yioTCH to admire small room. HeJioBeK MajienbKo-
JIlOOOBaTbCH bocxo^om coJimia. To ro pocxa. A
short man.
admire the sunrise. JIio6oBaxbCH 2. little. MaJieribKiie Rexii. Little
pe6eHKOM. To admire a child. children. Tbi eme Maji. You are
JIIOBGBB /., gen. jiio6bm, instr. jiio- too young yet.
6oBbio k k o m y? k h e m y? love MAJIO adv.,comp. MeHbme (q. v.) little
JlepBaa jiio66bb. One's first love. On MaJio roBopHT, ho Miioro j\e-
CiacTJif'iBaa jiioSobb. A happy love. Jiaex. He says little, but he does a
HecqacTHan jiioGobb. An unhappy lot. Oh en Mano Maca. He ate little
MAJI 65

meat. Ha cxenax Biicejio u&no lect material on the life of a

Kapxun. There were few pictures on well-known writer.
the walls. 2. material. Maxepnaji na kocxiom.
MAJIBHIIK m. boy Material for a suit. fflejiKOBfciH
BocnHxaHHLiii MajibHKK. A well- Maxepnaji. Silk material.
bred boy. MaJib^iiK ceMH Jiex. A MATPOC m. deckhand, sailor, seaman
seven-year-old boy. GMeJiLin Maxpoc. A brave seaman.
MAMA /. mummy CJiynwh Max po com na Kopa6Jie.
MAP| K A /., gen. pi. -ok postage To serve as a deckhand on a ship.
stamp MATL /., gen., dat., prepos. Maxepn,
no^ToBan Mapna. A postage stamp. instr. MaxepLio; pi. Maxepn, Maxe-
KoJiJiei-cmifl MapOK.collection of A peii, etc. mother
stamps. HaKJieriTb Mapny. To stick JIio6irMaH MaxB. One's beloved moth-
a stamp. er, y Maxepn ABoe flexeii. The
MAPT m. March mother lias two children.
B Mapxe iiaMiiHaex xanxb ener. In <> Pomnia-MaTb. Mother country.
March the snow begins to thaw. MAX ATE* Mainy, Mamenib, Mamyx or
,

MACJIO neut., no pi. colloq. Maxaiio, -enit, -iox imp. k o-

1. butter. GJiHBOHHoe MacJio. But- My? Maxn|yxb, -y, -einb,
icM?'//?.
ter. XJie6 c MacjioM. Bread and -yx to Wave, to flap
butter. Maxaxb njiaxnoM na npornanbe.
2. oil. IIoACOJineqHoe MacJio. Sun- To wave good-bye with one's handker-
flower-seed oil. chief. Maxaxb pyrcon xoBapnm;y.
To wave one's hand to a friend.
MACTEP m. f pi. ~a
rixnn,a Marnex KpbiJibHMii. The bird
1. : MacoBoii Macxep. A watchmaker.
2. : TypreueB — 3aMeHaxejibiiHH
is flapping its wings.
MAXm7 TB see MAXATB
Macxep neii3a>Ka. Turgenev is
extremely skilful in portraying
MAfflHHA /.
1. machine, engine. IlapOBan Ma-
nature.
3. foreman. Macxep b n;exe. The
mnna. A steam engine. CejibcKO-
foreman in a shop.
X03flncxBeHiiaH ManritHa. An
agricultural machine. fflBeHHafl
4. master. Macxep cnopxa. A mas-
Manitina. A sewing machine.
ter of sport.
2. motor-car. JlerKOBan Mamiina.
<> MacTep iia Bee pyKii. Jack-of-
all-trades.
A passenger-car. Ppy30Baa Ma-
nrana. A
lorry. Exaxb na Mamn-
MACTEPCK|AH /., gen. -6h iie. To
ride in a car.
1. repair shop. MacxepcKan no pe- MEBEJIb no pi. furniture
/.,
MOHxy ^acoB. watch repair A MftTKan MeoeJib. Upholstered furni-
shop. Pa66xaxL b MexaiiiTHecKon ture. Kynrixb noByio Me6eJib. To
MacxepCKoH. To work at a ma- buy new furniture.
chine shop. MEAAJIb /. medal
2. studio. MacxepcKan xy^o/KHHKa. Harpa^KAaxb Me^aJibio. To award a
An artist's studio. medal. Okohwtb mKOJiy c 30JI0-
MATEMATIIKA f. t
no pi. mathemat- xoh MexjaJibio. To get a gold medal
ics on leaving school. CnopxcMen
BBicmaH MaxeMaxiiKa. Higher mathe- 3aBoeBaJi Meji;ajib. The sportsman
matics. 3K3aMen no MaxeMaxHKe. won a medal.
An mathematics.
examination in MEJJBEflB m. bear
M3yqaxb MaxeMaximy. To study BeJitiii MOABeftb. A polar bear.
mathematics ME flimflHA /., no pi. medicine
MATEPIIAJI m. (science)
1. material. Maxepnaji rjih flHCoep- MEftH^HCK|HH, -an, -oe, -ne med-
xannii. Material for one's thesis. ical
Go6npaxB Maxepiiajra o jkiibhh MeflH^mcKHii iiHCXiixyx. A medi-
H3BecxHoro nncaxeJin. To col- cal institute.
MEfl 66 MEP

MEfl.HEHHlblS, -aa, -oe, -He; adv. MEHfclHE

MeAJieHHo slow 1. comp. of adj. MajieiibKiiii small-
MeAJienHHH BaJiLC. A slow waltz. er.Tboh KOMnara MeHbme Moen.
ToBopHTB MeAJieHHo. To speak slow- Your room is smaller than
ly. PaSoTaTB MeAJieHHo. To work mine.
slowly. comp. of adv. Majio less. Th 3a-
2.
ME>KflY prep, -\-instr. between HHMaembCH Menbnie, aeM naAO.
Measly mKa$OM 11 niicbMeHHHM You spend less time on your
ctojiom ctohjio KpecJio. There was studies than you ought to.
an armchair between the bookcase MEHbfflHHCTBO neut. minority
and the desk, dro npoH3omJi6 BojiBmHHCTBo na co6paHini rojio-
MQ/Kjxy 1942 ii 1945 rojjOM. That conajio «3a»,MenbmnHCTBo «npo- —
happened between 1942 and 1945. tiib».The majority at the meeting
#a 3HpaBCTByeT Mnp h ji.pyjK6a voted for, and the minority voted
ueTKjsy napoAaMii! Long live peace against.
and friendship between peoples/ MEHH|TkCH, -iocb, -embca, -iotch
<> MejKAy npoanw. By the way. imp.
Mewcfly HaMii. Between ourselves. 1. iew? c k e m? p. o6MeHa|TBca,
MeacAy hsImh roeopa. Strictly be- -jocb,-embca, -iotch to exchange.
tween you and me. MenaTbca MapnaMii c TOBa-
M EHfly H APO^HI Bill ,
-an, -oe, -tie pnm;eM. To exchange postage
international stamps with a friend. 06MeHflTL-
MemflytiapoAHLie OTHomeHiia. Inter- ca MHenimMH. To exchange opin-
national relations, MejKAyHapoRHafl ions.
o6cTanoBKa. The international situ- 2. p. n3MennTbca H3Mem6cb,
t ii3Me-
ation. Hirmbca, H3MeHHTca to change.
M£JIK|HK, -an, -oe, -He; adv. MeJiKo; IIoroAa MenaeTca. The weather
comp. MeJibae is changing. HacTpoenne Me-
1. small. MeJiKaa pbi6a. Small HaeTCa. The mood is changing.
fish. IIoroAa pe3K0 H3Meni'uiacb. The
2. small. MeJiKafl MoneTa. Small weather has changed sharply.
change. MEP A /.
3. flat. MeJiKaa TapeJiKa, A flat 1. measure. MepH ajihhh. Measures
plate. of length. MepH seca. Measures
4. petty. MeJiKaa 6ypmya3iiH. Petty of weight.
bourgeoisie. 2. usu. pi. measures. PemHTeJibHHe
5. narrow. MeJinne inrrepecH. Nar- MepH. Decisive measures, llpn-
row interests. naTb Mepn. To take measures. §Ta
6. shallow. 3Aecb MeJiKo. It's Mepa He noMoraa. This measure
shallow here. didn't help.
MEJlOHlb /., gen. pi. -m <^ 3to neHHTepecHO, ho no Kpaii-
1. no pi. change. B Marasnne Mne Heii Mepe noJie3Ho. This is not
Aann CAaay MeJioabro. They gave interesting but at least it is
me the change in small coins in the useful.
shop. MEP3H|yT£», -y, -emb, -yr, past Mep3,
2. trifle. Oh 3aHHMaeTca KaKHMH- -Jia, -jio, -jih imp.jp. 3aMep3ii[yTb,
to MeJioiaMH. He is busy with -y, -emb, -yT, past 3aMep3, -Jia,
some trifles. MeJioan jkb3Hh. -jio, -Jin to freeze
The trifles of life. 8to MeJionn. y Mena 3aMep3Jin pynn. My hands
These are trifles. are frozen. 3hm6h a BcerAa Mep3-
MfiHEE adv. less ny. / always feel cold in winter.
KaTaTLca na Jium&x ne Menee hh- MEP|HTL, -io, -nmb, -ht imp. a to?/
TepeCHO, HQM KaXaTbCH Ha KOHbKaX. p. noMep|HTb, -io, -nmb, -ht (or
Skiing is no less interesting than npHMepHTb) to try on
skating. MepHTb koctiom. To try on a suit.
<> Teai ne Menee. Nevertheless. IIOMepHTb Ty$Jin, To try on shoes.
MEP 67 me in

MEPTB|L>Ilf> -an, -oe, -hg dead MeTpo? What's the way to the
MepTBoe t6jio. A dead body. underground station?
<> IVlepTBan Tiiraima. Dead silence. MEX m., prepos. o Mexe & na Mexy;
CnaTfa MepTBbiM chom. To sleep pi. -a fur
like a log. JIhchh Mex. Fox fur. IlyiniiCTMii
MECTHIHM, -an, -oe, -Lie local Mex. Soft fur,
MecTHLie o6H iaii. Local customs.
t
MEXAHII3 AipiH /., no pi mechani-
MecTHLie mwiejm noKa3aJiH Typnc- sation
TaM flopory. The local inhabitants MexaHii3anim Tpy^a. The mechani-
showed the tourists the way. sation of labour. MexaHii3aiiim npo-
MECT|0 neut., pi. -a, MecT, -aM, etc. U,eccoB npoii3BOACTBa. The mechani-
1. seat. 3to MecTO cbo66aho? sation of the production processes
Is this seat vacant? 3to Mecxo MEXAHII3HP|OB ATE> -yio, -yemt, ,

33HHT0. This seat is taken. VcTy- -yioT imp. & p. hto? to mechanise
ni'iTb MecTO /KemqiiHe. To offer MexaHH3iSpoBaTB TpyA- To mecha-
one's seat to a woman. BcTaTB c nise labour. Mexaini3HpoBaTL ccjib-
MeCTa. To stand up. CKoe X03fhiCTB0. To mechanise ag-
2. place, spot, JKiiBoririciioe mbcto. riculture.
A picturesque spot. MEX-AHHK m. mechanic
<> 3to ero 6ojii>ii6e m6cto. This B n,exe pa6oTaJi CTapbiii MexamiK.
is his sore spot. An old mechanic worked in the shop.
MECHIi; m. month JleVniK oieiib jxpynmji co cboiim
3HMHHe M6CHH,li. Winter months. MexaniiKOM. The flyer was on very
5 MecHn;eB Ha3aA. 5 months ago. friendly terms with his mechanic.
B KanoM MeCHi^e bli pojiHjnicfe? In MEXAHHHECKIHH, -an, -oe, -ne
which month were you born? 1. of mechanics. MexamrqecKiie 3a-
METAJI.i1 m. metal kohbi. Laws of mechanics.
HepHLie MeTaJiJiLi. Ferrous metals. 2. mechanics. MexanifaecKHU $a-
IL^BeTHLie MeTaJiJiu. Non-ferrous KyjiLTeT. The mechanics depart-
metals. ment.
METAJIJIfiHECK|0H, -an, -oe, ne 3. mechanical. MexaHiiqecKan cujia.
metal Mechanical strength.
METAJIJiyprflHECKlHH, -an.-oe.-iie MEXOBIOII, -an, -oe, -Lie fur
metallurgical MexoBoe naJibTO. A
fur coat. Mexo-
MeTaJiJiyprH^ecKHii 3aBOA. metal- A Ban manna. A fur cap.
lurgical plant. MeTaJiJiypn'THecKaa ME ITA
l
/., gen. pi. not used dream

npoMLinuieHHOCTL. The metallurgi- Me*iTBi 6y^ymeM. Dreams of the

cal industry. future. MeHTLi o CTacTbe. Dreams
of happiness. Me^Ta Bceii jkhbhii.
METOft m. method The dream one's whole life.
of
flHaJieKTifaecKHH ueTOji. The dia-
OcyinecTBHTB cbojo Me Try. To ac-
lectical method. npaBHJibHHH MeTOA.
complish one's dream. MeHTLi c6h-
The correct method. npiiMeHHTb ho-
One's dreams have come true.
Jir'rcB.
BLie MeTO^Li. To use new methods.
IT6 JiB3 obstlch m6toaom. To employ
MEHTAITL, -io, -emt, -iot imp. o
a method.
k 6 m? o i ie m? to dream
Me^TaTB o cnacTLe. To dream of
ME'P* m. metre happiness. MeHT&TL o nyTemecT-
KBaApaTHLiii MeTp. A square metre. BiiflX. To dream about travelling.
KySiraecKiiH MeTp. A cubic metre. MEfflA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-
5 MeTpoB MaTepiiaJia. 5 metres of m y? ieM y? -{-inf. / p. noMema[Tb,
material. -io, -einb, -iotprevent, to hinder
to
METPO neut., indecl. underground rail- PaAiio Memajio CTyAerrry sannMaTb-
way ch. The radio prevented the student
OrannHH MeTpo. An underground from, studying.
station. ExaTB Ha MeTpo. To go by MEH1|0K m., gen. -Ka sack
the underground. KaK npoHTii k MemoK mvkh. A
sack of flour*
MHJI 68 MHO

<> KyniiTb KOTa u MernKe (prov- Atom MHpa. Atom for peace.
fljra
erb). Cf. To buy a pig in a poke, Mripy Peace to the world'/
Miipl
MIIJIHipiOHEP m. militiaman 3aKJii0HiiT& MHp. To conclude peace.
OSpaTHTbca k MiixnriHOHepy. To IIo;inHcaT& MHp. To sign a peace
ask a militiaman. treaty.
MflJljblS, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form MflPHblfl, -an, -oe, -He adj. of 2 MHP
mhji, Mima, mhjijo, -h nice 1. peace. MiipHHe OTnomeHHH. Peace-
MnJiaH jn^ByniKa. A nice girl. Mii- ful relations.
Jioe jihh;6. A nice face. 2. peace, peaceful. Mnpnoe BpeMH.
<> C MiiiibiM pan: if b majiame Peace time. MtipHMH Tpy,n;. Peace-
(proverb). Cf. Love in a cottage. ful labour. Mupnoe CTpon-
MEMO TejiBCTBO. Peaceful construction.
1. IIpoHTH mhmo. To pass by.
adv. by. 3. : MnpHMH florosop. A peace
2. prep. + gen.
past. UoesR npoexaji treaty. MnpnLie neperoBopw.
mhmo crannim h ne ocTaHOBiiJica, Peace talks.
The train went past the station MHPOB]OH, -an, -oe, -Lie adj. of
without stopping. MHP 1

MHHHCTEPCTBO neut. xninistry MnpOBan BOHHa. World War, Mh-

MnmiCTepcTBO $HHaHCOB. The- Min- poBOH phhok. World market. Mh-
istry of Finance. MirancTepcTBO poBan cJiasa. World fame, rinca-
iiHOCTpaHHHX ^eji. The Ministry of TeJib c MnpoBLiM HMeHeM. A world-
Foreign Affairs. famous writer.
MHHIiCTP m. minister MHPOJIIOESBIMft, -an, -oe, -He peace-
BoeHHbin MimncTp. The War Min- ful
ister. Mhhhctp (JiraaHcoB. The MapojrioSriBafl nojnmiKa. Peaceful
Minister for Finance. MimricTp policy. MnpoJiioSnBHe Hapo/IH. Peace-
BLicmero oOpasoBanim. The Minis- loving nations.
ter of Higher Education. UpeMfcep- MTJTHHT m. meeting, rally
MHHHCTp. The Prime Minister. Co- MifTHnr nporecTa. A meeting of
B8T MHHHCTpoB. The Council of protest. MiiTHHr b no;mepJKKy... A
Ministers. TTpe^ceAaTejib coBBTa mh- rally in support of... Mdnmr b 3a-
HHCTpoB. The Chairman of the Coun- m;HTy E{or6/qer6-JiH6o. A meeting
cil of Ministers. in defence of somebody j something.
MHHYTA /. minate BLiCTynnTL na MHTiinre c pe^Bio.
IHecTLsecaT mhh3't. Sixty minutes. To make a speech at a meeting.
Ceiriac qeTBipe Many-rid BToporo. MJlAJUnjHH, -an, -ee, -ne younger
It is four minutes past one. Ceihiac MJiamuHH 6paT. A younger (the
6e3 ^ecHTii MHHyT flBa. It is ten youngest) brother. MJiaaman cecTpa.
minutes to two. A younger sister.
<> ripuxoflHTe k naw b CBoSo^Hyio MHEHHE neut. opinion
MeuyTy. Come and see us any time CaMOCTOHTeJiBHoe MFienue An inde-
you can. Cmo nmnyTy. Just a" pendent opinion. Ho MoeMy vine
minute. hhK). In my opinion. BbiCKa3aTB
MHP 1 m. MHei-iHe. To give an opinion. Paa-
1. no pi. universe. Teopiin o npo- AejifiTb ^&e-JiH6o MHeene. To share
HCxoJKfleHHH mm pa. A theory on somebody's opinion. 06MeHfiTtCH
the origin of the universe. MHeHHHMH. To exchange opinions.
2. world, flpyrrie MiipH. Other BhTB BHCOKOrO (HGBHCOKOrO, X0-
worlds. pomero, hjioxofo) MneHHH o ^eJio-
3. «o pL world. Oh o6te>g3AHJi Becb BeKe (o KHiire). To think highly
MHp. He travelled all over the (not much, much, bad) of a man
world. IlepBLiH b Miipe. The first (of a book).
in the world. Becb Miip. The MHOPHE
whole world. 1. followed by n. in pi. many. MHome
MHP 2
m., no pi. peace CTpaHLi. Many countries.
Bonna h Map. War and peace. 2. used as n. many. Mnorne aaHHMa-
MHO 69 MOP

iotch CHOpxOM. Many people go in MOJIOflEHHIblH, -an, -oe, -He youth

for sport. MoJioneJKHHH ue^iep An evening-
MHOFO adv., comp. SoJibine (q. v.) party for young people. MoJiOAejK-
1. a lot. Mnoro pa66xaxb. To work nan SpnraAa, Youth team.
a lot. MOJIOflEJKB /., no pi. youth
2. many, much, a lot. Mnoro jiio- MOJIO^IEIJj pi -iih used as pred.
Many people. MHoro iieHer.
Aeii. fine boy/girl
Much money. Mnoro fleJia A lot Ona y nac MOJiOAerif She is a fine
of things to do. Mnoro napoAa* girl!
A lot of people. MOJIOfljOli, -an, -oe, -bie, short form
MHOrOE a lot mojioa, MOJioAa, mojioa|o» -m
MHe en^e MHoroe na^o cAeJiaxb. 1. young. Mojioaoh *iejioBeK. A
I've stillgot a lot of things to do. young man. Oh onenb moaoa.
MOrftJIA /. grave He is very young.
2. young, new. MoJiOAoe AepeBO. A
MOr'y^lHfl, -an, -ee, -ne mighty,
young tree. Mojioaoh Kapx6(j)ejib.
powerful
Moryqan crpana. A mighty country. New potatoes.

Mory^aa peKa. A mighty river. MOJIOflOCTb no pi youth

/.,
CnacTJiiTBaflmojioaocxb. A happy
Moryqaa apMHH. A mighty army. youth. B MOJiOAOCTii oh xopomo
Mory^KH roJioc. A powerful voice. neJi. He sang well in his youth.
MO>KET BblTb maybe, perhaps MOJIOKO neut., no pi. milk
M6>Kex a npne^y ceroAHH.
6nxb, CBe^Kee mojioko. Fresh milk. Knna-
/ may come today. Mooter 6htb, sxo qeHoe mojioko. Boiled milk. Cry-
h T3K. Perhaps, that is so. merinoe mojioko. Condensed milk.
M03KHO k o m y? + inf. K6(j)e c mojiokom. Coffee and milk.
1. it is possible, can. 3xo mojkho Kama na MOJiOKe. Milk cereal pudd-
cflejiaTb 3a xpn ahh. This can be ing. CxaKau mojioksL A glass of milk.
done in three days. MOJJO^HILlfl [-IHH-], -an, -oe, -bie
2. may. Mojkho B3hxb Knury? May milk
I take the book? Mojkho eohxi'i? Mojio^hhh cyn. Milk soup. Mojio*!-
May I come in? BoJiBHOMy mojk- naa Kama. Milk cereal pudding.
ho ryjiHTL tojibko Asa naca. The MoJioHHHe nipojxyKThi, Dairy produce.
sick man is allowed to walk only MOJI^IA adv. in silence
two hours. Oh AOJiro mojto cMOxpeJi na Hero.
M03r m., no pi. e looked at him for a long time
Fojiobhoh M03r. The brain. Cnnu- in silence.
hoh M03r. The spinal cord, MOOTjATb, -y, -ihHb, -ax imp. to
MOK, MOfl, Moe, moit pron. my mine keep silent
Moh aom. My
house. Mo A ceMbH. Oh mojihslji bcio AOpory. He kept
My family. Moe naJibxo. coat. My silent all the way.
Mon flpy3bH. My
friends. 9xo Moe. MOMEHT m. moment
It's mine, yAo6HHH MOMeHT. A convenient
MCKPIHH, -as, -oe, He, short form moment. B btot mom6hx. At that
mokp, MOKpa, m6kp|o, -h; adv. moment.
MOKpo wet MOHETA /. coin
Moi-cpaa OAejK^a. Wet clothes. Mok- 3oJioxaa Monexa. A gold coin. Cxa-
pi>ie kphthh. Wet roofs. Bnxepexb priHHan Monexa. An old coin.
mokp Lie pyKH. To dry one's wet _<>MejiKan Monexa. Small change.
hands. / predic. impers. Ha yjinne MOP|E neut., pi. -a sea
MOKpo. It is wet outside. Exaxb MopeM. To go by sea. Oxah-
MOJIHHH /. lightning xaxb na Mope. To rest at the sea-
HpKaa MOJIHHH. A bright lightning. side. ^Iepnoe Mope. The Black Sea.
CBepimyJia mojihhh. Lightning GpeAHseMHoe Mope. The Mediter-
flashed. Mojihoh y^apruia b rom. ranean Sea. I fig. Mope roJioB. A sea
The house was struck by lightning. of heads.
MOP 70 MLIJI

MOP03KEHOE neut., no pi. ice-cream MyAptiH HeJiOBeK. A wise man.

GjiHBOHHoe, rnoKOJiaAHoe, opexoBoe, MyApoe pemeuire. A wise decision.
(J)pyKToBoe Mopo>Kenoe. Cream, Oh nocxynnJi Myapo. He acted
chocolate, nut, fruit ice-cream. wisely.
MOP03 m. frost M"y>K m., pi. My?Kbfi, ujmeii, uymhAu
BCIO 3HMy CTOHJIII CHJILHLie MOp6- husband
3bi. There were severe frosts the BeHMaTeJibUHH uym. An attentive
whole winter. CeroAHfl 10 rp&AycoB husband. 3a6oTJiHBHH MyjK* A solici-
Mopoaa. It is 10 degrees below zero tous husband. JIi66flmnu My?K. A
today. loving husband.
MOPCK|OfI, -an, -6e, -lie M y /K E CTB E H II hi 11 j ,
-an, -oe, -tie,
1. sea. Mopcnan Bo/^a. Sea water. short form MyjKecTBeH, My>KecTBen-
MopcKoii 6eper. Seashore. Mop- H|a, -o, -hi; adv. m y >k c cx b e hiio cou-
CKoii B03Ayx. Sea air. MopcKoii rageous
Bexep. Sea breeze. My>KecTReiiHbiH qeJioneK. A cou-
2. MopcKon: c][)Jiox. The
sea, marine. rageous man. MyjKecTBeHHtm nocxy-
Marine. MopcKoe nyxemecxBiie. noK. A courageous action.
A voyage. My^KECTBO neut., no pi. courage
<> MopcKan £ojie3Hb. Sea-sickness. IlpoiTBHTb MyiKecTBo. To show cour-
MOPHK m., gen. -a sailor age. llMeTb MyJKGCTBO FOBOpilXb
Mojioaoo MopjiK. A
young sailor. npaBAy. To have the courage to
MOCT m., prepos. o Mocxe & na moc- speak the truth.
Ty; pi. mocth bridge MyatCK|0a, -an, -de, -He men's
Moot nepe3 peny. A
bridge across MyjKCKafl 0Ae>KAa. Men's clothes.
a river. >KeJie3uoAopoJKU£»ifi moct. MyjKCKafl 66yBb. Mens footwear.
A railway bridge. Ctohtb na Mocxy. MYSKHflHA m. man
To stand on the bridge. UomuJiou Mywiraa. An elderly man.
MOTOP m. engine My3Ell m. museum
MoTop pa66xaex xo porno. The engine OciviaxpiiBaxb My3en. To see a mu-
works well. seum.
MOTOE(HKJI m. motor-cycle M^MKA no pi. music
Exaxb na MoxoiiMKJie. To ride on CnM^OHriHecKaH MysbiKa. Symphon-
a motor-cycle. ic music. JTerKan My3HKa. Light
MO^IB, Mory, Mo>Keinb, Moryx, past music. MysbiKa k KiiHOtJnrJibMy.
moi\ -fla, imp.
-no, -Jin, no imper.; Music to a film. Go^nnflxb (mi-
+ inf. I p. cmo^b, CMOry, CMO>Kemb, ca tb) My3HKy. To compose (write)
CMoryx, past cwor, -Jia, -jio, -jiei music.
1. to be able, can. Tm cMo>Kemi> M y 3 BI K A Jl B H f
Bill , -an, -oe, -Lie,
ceroAHH ko Miie? Can
npiifiTfi short form My3LiKaJJeH, My3HKaJib-
you come and see me today? n|a, -o, -bi
2. to be allowed, may. BoJibiion 1. music(al). My3HKaJi&Haff niKOJia.
yniQ MOJKeT xo^nTb. The patient A music school. My3LiKajibiiLie
is already allowed to walk. HHCxpyMeiixH. Musical instru-
MOmillBIll, -an, -oe, -He powerful ments. My3HKaJibiTHir Be^ep. A
Moiuxibiii MOTop. A
powerful engine. musical evening.
-
Moninaa A e Moncxpao;nH. power- A 2. musical. MysLiKaJibHLiu peSenoK.
ful demonstration. A musical child.
MPAHHiMIl, -an, -oe, -Lie gloomy MyXA /. fly
MpaqnbiH neJioBOK. gloomy man. A M^HATBCH, -ycb, -limbCK, -axcn imp.
Mpa^iioe jihb;6. A gloomy face. to rush, to dash
Mpaqnoe iiacxpoeniie. A dismal JIomaAL M^nxcfi. The horse is rush-
mood. Mpa^iHbie Mbicjin. Sombre ing- BpeMH M^rnxcH Time
thoughts. flies.
MfJl?\hlVl, -as, -oe, -He, short form MBI pron., gen., acc. nac, dat. uaM,
MyAp, wyixpa, wyAPlo, -li; adv. instr. HaMH, prepos. o nac we
My^po wise MBlJIO neut., no pi. soap
MLIC 71 HAB

MMCJIb /. thought, idea 2. in, at

MnxepecHan mhcjib. An interesting Ha 3aBojre at the works; na pa-
idea. TJiySoKaa mhcjib. profound A 66tg at work; ira ypone at the
thought. OpHFHHajibnaH mhcjib. An lesson; ea KaBKa3e in the Cau-
original idea. Mne b roJiOBy npn- casus; Ha GeBepe in the North;
rajia mbicjib. An idea occurred to na co6paHHH at a meeting;
me. y
nero wejibKHyjia mbicjib. An 3. by
idea flashed across his mind. exaTb na aBT66yce, Ha napoxo^e
MblTb, mo! 10, -enit, -iot; imper. moh! to go by bus, by ship;
imp. k o r 6? ito? *i e m? / p. bbi- 4. : na npomJiOH He^eJie,. na stoh
mht5, BHMOjio, -enib, -iot to wash ne^eJie last week, this week
Mhtb pyKH. To wash one's, hands. <> Kanra Ha <J>paHiiy3CK0M H3biKe.
Mhtb hoji. To wash the floor. Mhtb A book in French.
peSeiina Tension boaoh. To wash a II. + acc.
child with warm water. Mhtb nocy- 1. on
Ay rneTKOH. To wash the dishes noJiojKHTb Ha ctoji to put on
with a brush. the table; HOBecHTb na creHy to
MI>ITbCH, MojiocB, -emBca, -K>Tca hang on the wall;
imp.jp. BLIMHTBCH, BLIMOjlOCb, -eiHB-
ch, -iotch to wash na 3aB0A to the works; na pa66-
MbiTBCH b Banne. To have a bath. Ty to work; Ha ypoK to the les-
Mlitbch no a ^ymeM. To take a son; na KaBKaa to the Caucasus;
shower. Mbitbch mlijiom. To wash na GeBep to the North; na co-
with soap. Spa sae to a meeting;
MHrK|Hfl, -an, -oe,-ne [-xk-], short 3. on
form mhxok, Mflrna, Mar-K[o, -h; caflHTbca na aBT<56yc, na napo-
adv. NiarKO; comp. Marse xoa to get on a bus, to board a
1. soft. MarKaa nOAyniKa. A soft shi p;
pillow. MarKHe bojioch. Soft hair. 4. : na TpeTHH neHB on the third day,
MarKHH xjie6. Soft bread. |
Ha .npyroH A^aB the next day,
predic. impers. Ha flHBane 6hjio na Hobbih toa on the New
mhfko cnaTB. The divan was soft Year's Day;
to sleep on. 5. for
2. fig. mild. MarKHH KJiHMax. A mild Oh yexaji aa He#eJiK). He left
climate. MarKHH xapaKTep. A for a week.
mild temper. 6. not translated. Oh
CTapnie Mena
<> Marie an MeSejib. Soft (uphol- Ha 5 net. He 5 years older
is
stered) furniture. Mhtkhh Baron. than I. 3tot koctiom ^opoace
A soft-seated railway carriage. Ha 10 py6jiea. This suit is 10
MHCH|OS, -an, -6e, -tie meat roubles dearer.
MacHLie npo^yKTH. Meat products. <0>IlepeeecTH na (j)paHiry3CKHa
Mhchoh cyn. Meat soup. H3MK. To translate into French.
M£tCO neut., no pi. meat HAEJIIOftAITb, -jo, -emb, -iot imp.
IlHpojKKH c mhcom. Meat pies. i t o? 3 a a e m? to observe, to
MH 1
! m., gen. -a ball watch
0yT66jiBHbiH mhi. A football. Bo- HaSjuoAaxb 3a ^BHaceHHeM HJiaBeT.
JienSoJiBHHH mhi. A volleyball. To observe the movement of planets.
Mh Ha6jiio,o;ajiH, KaK aaxoAHJio
H, H cojiHHe. We watched the sun set-
HA prep. ting.
I. + prepos. HABEPHO(E) paren. word probably
1. on HaBepaoe, oh ceroAaa He npHAeT.
jieataTb na CTOJie to lie (to be) on He will probably not come today.
the table; BnceTB Ha CTene to hang Tbi noHflemb b My3eS? H He —
on the wall; hhc&tb na 6y>iare 3naio totoo, ho, aaBepao, noH^y.
to write on paper; "WW you go to the museum? 1 *
IIAB 72 IIA3

"/ don't know for sure, but probably 1. to put on. HaAOBaTb naJibTo,
I shall." BTJiany, nep^aTKii, inapcj). To
HABEPX adv. nyfla? upward, up- put on an overcoat, a hat, gloves,
stairs a scarf. HajieTb naJiBTo na pe-
Mh noAHHJiHCB HaBepx, na namfi 6eiiKa. To put a coat on a child.
3Ta>K. We went up to the fourth 2, to put on. HafleTb ohkh. To put
floor. on one's spectacles.
HA IJTTPX5 adv. r#e?
r
above, upstairs HAflfiMCffA /. hope
Mm cjiwinajin, Kan b KOMnaTe na- BoJibinne HaAejKflH. Great expecta-
Bepxy rpoMKO neJin, a dotom na- tions.
iiaJin TaurieBaxb. heard people We
in the room upstairs sing loudly
HAflETb see HAflEBATb
and then begin dancing. HA,D[E|iITbCH, -iocb, -erabca, -iotch
imp.
HARECTflTb see HABEiqATb t 6? or to hope.
1. 11a *i -j- inf.
IIABEmA|Tf>, -io, -ems, -iot imp.
HaAeflTLCH na ycnex, na nooeAy.
koto? it o? / p. naBe|cTHTL, -my,
-CTHUIb, -CTHT tO Visit
To hope for success, for vic-
tory. R naAeiocb yBriAeTb Te6n
HaBecTMTB 6oJiLnoro TOBapnma. To
3aBTpa. / hope to see you tomor-
visit a sick friend.
row.
HABCEE^A adv. for ever
2. to hope. H naAeiocb na to, tito
R yezm&io 113 aToro ropoAa naBcer-
aaBxpa noroAa oyAex Jiy^me.
fl,a. / am leaving this city for good.
/ hope the weather will be better
HABCTPfiHY adv. & prep, + dat. to tomorrow.
meet one, in the opposite direction 3. 11a k r 6? na h t 6? to rely.
Bexep ftyji naBCTpeqy. The wind HaAeHTbca na apyra. To rely
blew in our faces. HaBCTpeny HaM on one's friend. HaAeHTbca Ha
meJi qeJiOBeK. A man was ap- KOJiJieKTr'iB. To rely on the collec-
proaching us.
tive.
HArPAflA /. award HAflO k m y? ieMy? + m/. it is
BbicoKan narpa^a. A high award. necessary,must
noJiyHHTi* narpafly. To receive an Te6e HaAO mhofo 3aHHMaTbcn. You
award. must study a lot. Miie naAO 6lijio
HArPAflflTB see HAFPAJK^ATB B^iepa ^acoB, / had to
BCTaTb b 7
H Ar P A 5K J\A Tb I
, -10, -euib, -iot imp. get up at 7 o'clock yesterday.
k r 6? xi t 0? q e m? 3 a i it 6?/ p.
Harpa|aiTTb, -5Ky, -^iinib, -a?it to
HAflOE^AITb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
award k m y? e m y? & -\-ri inf.jp. na-
Aoecxb, naAoen, naAOemb, HaAoecT,
Harpa^HTL op^enoM 3a noflBiir. To
award an order for a HaAoeAUM, HaAoeAHTe, Ha#oeflHT t
feat.
past naAoeJi, -a, -o, -h to be bored,
HAPPETb see EPETb, 4
to be tired
HAfl (HAflO) prep. instr. + 3to Miie
(of)
nafloeJio. / am tired of
1. over. HaA ctojiom bhcht JiaMna.
A light hangs over the table.
this. HaM nafloejia njioxaa noroAa-
Uri'mfci JiexaioT naA MopeM. The
We are tired of the bad weather.
birds are flying over the sea.
Miie uaAoejio roBopuTb 06 stom. /
2. above, over. Ha^o mhoh myMiiT
am tired of speaking about that. Mne
AepeBO. A
tree is rustling above
HaAoeJio innero ne AeJiaxb. / am
me. Mh ctorjih 11a bmcokom 6e- bored with doing nothing.
pery, naA peKOH. We were stand- HAflOECTb see HAflOEHATb
ing on the high bank, over the river. HA3Afl adv.
3. at. Pa6oTaTb naA aokjkiaom. To 1. k ya a? back. VLjsjkre na3aA- Go
work at a report. back. H nocMOTpeJi Ha38A- /
HAflEBAjTL, -10, -emb, -iot imp. looked back.
n to? 11 a koto? na q t 6?/ 2. ago. Mh
npnexajiii 3 MecHAa Ha-
p. HaAe|Tb, -ny, -nemb, -nyT 3a A- We
arrived 3 months ago.
HA3 73 HAJI

3to 6hjio Miioro jict TOMy na- HAKAHYHE

3aA- That was many years ago. 1. adv. the day before. Hananyne
HA3BAHHE neut. name, title mh 6biJin b Kirao. We were at
Ha3BaHne poMana, khuth, khho- the cinema the day before.
<J»nJibMa. The name of a novel, book, 2. prep, -f- gen. on the eve. HaKa-
film. nyne HoBoro roAa. On New
Year's eve. HaKanyne npa3flHH-
HA3BATB see HA3BIBATB Ka, abh poH^A^Hna. On the eve
HA3HAHA|TB, -enib^ -iot imp.
-io,
of the holiday, on the eve of
ito? k o m y? t 6 m y? k o r 6? ||
one's birthday.
q to? k e m? q e m? / p. na3naq[HTb, HAKJIOH&TBCH see HAKJIOHHTb-
-y, -iimb, -aT CH
1. to fix. Ha3Ha*raTb CBnAanne.To HAKJIOHU|TBCH, -roct, -embca,
make an appointment. Hasnaqnrb -IOTCH imp. j p. HaKJIOHITTBCH, aa-
/

co6panne na 6 qacoB. To fix KJioniocb, naKJioHiimbcn, naKJio-

the meeting for 6 o'clock. hatch to bend
2. to appoint. HasHaqnTb Koro-JiH- MaTb naKJioHi'macb naA peSeHKOM.
6o fliipeKTopoM. To appoint some- The mother bent over her child.
body director. HAKOHEIJ adv. at last
3. to prescribe. Ha3naqnTb 6ojtl- HaKonen on npiimeji. At last he
noMy JieKapcTBO. To prescribe has come.
medicine for a patient, HAKGPMHTB see KOPMHTB
HA3HAHHTB see HA3HA1ATB HAKPBIBA|TB, -obil -iot imp.
-io, >

I1A3BIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.

iito? n e nanpLiTb, nanpolio,
m? / p.
koto? q t o? na3BaTb, na30B|y, -emb, -iot to cover
/
-emb, -yr HaKpbiTb ctoji cnaTepTbio. To cover
1. to name. Ha30Bi'iTe pyccniix nn- the table with a table-cloth.
caTejieii, kotophx bli 3uaeTe. HAKPBIBA|TBCH, -iocb, -embCH,
Name Russian writers you
the -iotch imp. aeM?//>. naKpt'iTbca,
know. Ha30BHfTe GoJibmue ropoAa" naKpojioCb, -embCH, -iotch to cover
Bainen crpaHH. Name the large oneself
cities ofyour country. HaKpHBaTbCH OAeffJiOM- 27 o cover
2. to name. Ee Ha3Bajra Kam (Ka- oneself with a blanket. HaKpHBaTbCH
ren). She was named Katya. nJiainoM. To cover oneself with a
raincoat.
HA3BIBA|TBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. rare-
ly used, 3rd pers. -ercH, -iotch
HAKPBITB see HAKPBIBATB
to be called
HAKPLITBCH see HAKPBIBATBCH
KaK HaSbiBaercH aTa What
yjinna?
HAJIEBO adv.
1. Kyfla? to the left. IIohth, no-
is the name of this street? KaK na- exaTb, nosepnyTb naJieBO. To go,
3bIBaeTCH 3T0T KHHOTeaTp? What
to drive, to turn to the left.
is the name of this cinema?
2. r a e? on, at, to the left (cf.
HAH3^CTB adv. by heart CJlEBA). HaJieBO ot namero AOMa
3HaTb nansycTb. To know by heart. naxoAHTCH Mara3nn. To the left
YqiiTb HaH3ycTb. To learn by heart.
of our house is a shop.
HA0TII see HAXO^IITB & HCKATb HAJ1IIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot q t o?
HAKA3ATB see HAKA3BIBATB (nero?) KOMy? k y a imp./
HA K A3 £>I B A |TE» -io, r emt, -iot imp.
, p. naJiwTb, naJib[i6, -enib, -iot; imper.
ko h t o? 3 a cit 6?/ p. nana-
r 6? naJien, past najinji, najnuia, naJra-
saTb, HaKaacy, HaKa«cemb, nanajKyT ji|o, -h to pour out
to punish HaJinBaTb toctio qaio. To pour out
HanasaTb pe6enKa 3a njioxon no- tea for the guest. HaJinrb boali b
crynoK. To punish a child for mis- rpa$UH. To fill a carafe with water.
behaviour. Hana3aTb q.eJioBeKa sa HAJIIITB see HAHIIBATB
npecTynjienne. To punish a person HAJIOE m. tax
for committing a crime. BucoKHe naJiora. High taxes.
HAO 74 HAP

IToflOXOAHHH naJior. Income tax. H AIIPAB 1

TbCH ,
-ioci>, -einbca,
IIJiaTiiTfc naJior. To pay a tax. -iotch imp. k k o m y? Ky^a?/
HAOEOPOT adv. p. nanpa|BHTbca, -bjiiocb, -Bnmbca,
1. the other way round. Oh Bcer^a -bhtch to go
Bee ^eJiaJi Hao6opoT. He always HanpaBJiHTbCH Ha ior. To go to the
did everything the other way round. south. HanpaBHTbca k Apy3bHM,
2. on the contrary. Ona He 3a- snaKOMLiM. To go to see one' s friends,
CMeaJiacb, a, naoSopoT, 3an:ia- acquaintances. Oh HanpasnAca k
KaJia. She did not laugh, on the ABepn. He made for the door.
contrary, she began crying. II A IIP ABO adv.
-emb, -iot imp. na
1. kya a? to the right. ABTo6'yc
HAnAfl[A|Tf>, -io,
noBepnyJi nanpaBo. The bus
koto? na i it 6?/ p. nanacTb, na-
turned to the right.
na^ly, -emb, -yr, past HanaJi, -a, -o,
2. r^o?^ on, at, to the right (cf.
-h to attack
TnrpH HanaAaiox na qeJiOBena. Ti-
CilPABA). HanpaBo moct, —
gers attack people.
naJieBO— cafl. On the right there
is a bridge, on the left, a garden.
HAHACTb see HAIIA^ATb Han pa bo ot B0K3aJia 6oJibmaa —
HAH H ATATb see nEHATATb roCTimnna. There is a large ho-
HAnilCATb see nUCATb tel to the right of the railway
H AriOMHH A Tb -io, -emb, -iot
|
,
imp. station.
ko m y? q t o? or
'
o k 6 m? o HAnPACHO adv. wrongly, in vain
um?/ p. HanoMH|HTb, -io, -nnib, -ht Th Hanpacno TaK noCTynaemb. You
1. to remind. Oh nanoMHHJi MHe are wrong in doing that. Or Ha-
o Hamiix npe>KHHx Bcrpekax. npacno oS'lhchrji en oGcxaHOBKy:
Be reminded me of our past ona mi^ero ne xoreJia noniiMaTb.
meetings. He tried in vain to explain the sit-
2. koto? to remind. Oh nanoM- uation to her: she would not listen
HHJi MHe o^HOro qeJioBena. He to anything.
reminded me of a certain person. HAHPHMEP paren. word for example
HAHOMHHTb see HAlIOMHHATb CJiOBa cpeAHero po^a b pyccKOM
HAHPABHTb HAIIPABJlHTb see H3MKe HMeiOT OKOH^amiH -o n -e.
HanpnMep, okho h Mope. Russian
HAIIPABHTbCH see HAHPABJIilTb- words of the neuter gender have the
CH ending -o or -e. For example:
HAIIPABJIEHHE neut. okho and Mope.
1. direction. HanpaBJienne
ABn>Ke- HAnPOTHB
hhh. The direction of a move- 1. adv. opposite. Mara3im naxoAHT-
ment. IIoe3Aa H^yr b pa3Hbix ch nanpoTHB. The shop is op-
HanpaBJieniTHX. The trains are go- posite.
ing in different directions.
school. JlnTepaTypHoe nanpasjie-
2. prep. +gen. opposite. HanpoTHB
2. o6nj;e>KHTHH naxoAHTCa SoAbrnon
HHe. A
literary school. Hanpan- Mara3HH. Opposite the hostel is a
Jienne b My3HKe, b miiBomicm. large shop.
v A school of music, painting. HAHPH>KEHHE neut., no pi.
O IIo nanpaBJiennio k... In the 1. straining. HanpajKenne Bcex chji.
direction of... A straining of all one's efforts,
HAIIPABJIIIjTb, -io, ~emt>
v
-iot imp. 2. tension. Tok BticoKoro nanpa-
koto? xi
t o? k k o m y? k y a a? / >KeHHH. High tension current,
p. Hanpa|BHTb, -bjiio, -BHmt, -bht fig. MeTKAynapoAHoe nanpa/Ke-
to send HHe. International tension.
floKTop iianpaBHJi Men a b canaTo- HAPHCOBATb see PHCOBATb
piiH. The doctor sent me to a sana- HAPOA m.
torium. Mena nanpaBHJiH k Bpagy. 1. people, nation. PyccKHH aapOA.
/ was sent to a doctor. HanpaBHTb The Russian people. HapoA^
Ha pa6oTy. To send to work. Mnpa. The peoples of the world.
HAP 75 HAy

2. only sing, people. Mnoro napoAa nacMopK. / have a cold In the head.
(napoAy). A lot of people. JleicapcTBo ot nacMopna. A medi-
IlHTepecH napoAa. The interests cine for a cold in the head.
of the people. ITpocTon napoA- HACTCflHHBlMfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
Ordinary people. form HacTonraiB, -a, -o, -h; adv.
HAPOflHIWfl, -an, -oe, -Lie HacTOiraiBo persistent
1. folk. Hap6#HOe hckvcctbo. Folk HacTO&qxiBbiii ^eJioseK. persis- A
HapoftHtie necnn. Folk songs.
art. tent person. HacToii^iiBWii xapaK-
2. national. HapoAHoe xo3HKctbo. Tep. A
persistent character, HacTOii-
National economy. HapoAnoe 06- ^HBan npoCb6a. pressing request. A
pa30BaHiie. Public education. GiyAenx uacTot^HBo 3aniiMajicn\
3. people's. HapoflHtiH apxircT The student studied persistently
GGGP. A People's Artist of the HACTOJIbKO adv. so
USSR. HapdAHbiH xvaojkhiik On HaCToJiLKo ^xo mmero
rjiyn,
GGGP. A People's Artist of the ne uom&T noHHTb. He is so stupid
USSR (graphic art). Hap6/i;iiLiii that he doesnt understand anything.
cyA- People's court. HACTOJIbHlWS, -an, -oe, -Lie
IIAPOMHO on purpose
adv. 1. table, desk. HacTOJibiian JiaMna.
Tli CAeJiaJi 3to napo^no hjiii cJiy- A desk lamp. HacTOJifcHHH Ka-
^aihio? Did you do it on purpose JiOHAapb. A desk calendar. Ha-
or by accident? CTOJibiibie I'irpLi. Table games.
HAPyfflA.|TI), io, -emb, -iot imp. 2. fig.: HacTOJiLnan luirira. A. hand-
;
HToP/p. HapynijnTb, -y, -iiiiil, -ax book.
1. to break, to violate. HapymriTb HACTOfimjHii, -an, -ee, -ne real
hokoh. To break the peace. Ha- HacTOHmeo 36jioto. Real gold. Ha-
pymiiTb THiniiHy. To break the CTOHirtan JiioSobl. True love.
silence.Hapyrnirrb nopflflOK. To O B nacTOfltutee BpeMn. At pres-
break the peace. HapyiniiTb rpa- ent.
mioy. To violate the border. Ha- HACTPOEHHE neut.
pymiiTB AoroBOp. To violate a 1. mood, y Menn ceroAHH njioxoe
treaty. HacTpoenne. / am in a bad mood
2. to break. HapymiiTb cjiobo. To today.
break one's word. 2. ~\- inf., usu. in negative sentences.
HAPymilTb see HAPyifiATb y Men a neT HacTpoeniin pac-
HAPHflH|Mfi, -an, -oe, -Lie cx^a.3MBaTb. / am not in a
1. well-drepsed. HapaAnan Aecyai- talking mood.
Ka. Awell-dressed girl. HACTyriA|TL\ 1st & 2nd pers. not
2. smart. HapnAiioe iijraxbe. A used, 3rd pers, -eT, -iot imp./
smart dress. p. HacTynuTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not
HACEJIEHHE neut., no pi. population used, 3rd pers. iiacTymiT, nacTy-
HaceJieniie CTpanLi. The population hht to come
of a country. HaceJienne ropoAa. HacTynnJio yTpo. Morning came.
The population of a city. Mripiioe HACTyilAlTJb 2 -k>, -enib, -iot imp.
,

iiacejiernie. Civilian population. na k o r 6? na mo?/ p. nacTy-

HACKB03L adv. through nwTB, nacTyruiio, iiacTyninnb, na-
IlpoMoKHyTL uacKB03b. To get wet cTynflT
through. 1. to tread. HacTynriTb ^ejioueKy
HACKOJIbKO adv. how much na iiory. To tread on a person's
HacKOJiBKo 3T0 pernenne Jiy^rae foot.
npeJKHero! How much
better this 2. imp. only to be on the offensive.
decision is than the old one! ApMHH nacTynaeT. The army is
HACMOPK m., no pi. a cold in the on the offensive.
head HACTyilllTb see HACTyHATb 1
&
Ghjilhhh nacMopK. A bad cold in HACmiATk 2
, 1.
the head. JlerKim nacMopK. A HAyKA /. science
slight cold in the head. Y uenn 3aHHMa.Tbcn nayKOH, To be a
HAY 76

scientist. EcTecTBeHHtie nayKn. efflB, -yx, past nanajr, nanajia, na-

Natural sciences. ryManirrapHLie iiaji|o, -ii

nayKH. Humanities. HaHHHaTb ypoK. To begin a lesson.

HAYHfiTb see y^fiTb, 2 HanaTB peab. To begin a speech.
HAyqflTbCH see y^IHTLCH HaqaTb paSoTaTb. To begin work-
HAyHHlHIl, -an, -oe, -tie scientific ing. Ha*iHHaTb yqifabca. To begin
Hayinaa paSoTa. Scientific work, going to school, to begin studying.
HayHHHH paSoTHHK. X research HA^HHAITbCH, 1st
pers. not & 2nd
worker. Hay^HLie TpyAH. Scientific used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp./
works. HaynnaH 6ii6miOTeKa. A p. HaaaTbcn, 1st & 2nd pers. not
scientific library. Hay*raoe CTyAeH- used, 3rd pers. naaneTca, Ha^nyT-
necKoe 66inecTB0. A students' ca, past HaaaJica, naaaji|acb, -6cb,
scientific society. -ikb to begin
3aBTpa na TiHHaeTCH hobmh yneSHMH
HAXO^HTb, naxoJKy, HaxoAiimb, Ha-
roA. The new school (academic) year
xoaht imp. koto? ito?//>. Han- begins tomorrow.
th, Hansly, -enib, -yr, /?asi Hameji,
HamJi|a, -6, -h to find
HA HI, -a, -e,
-ix pron. our, ours

HaHTH ny>KHyio Benib. To find the

HE particle not
thing needed. Haifa st hobmh motor
Oh ne yMeex roBopifab no-pyccKii.

pa6oTti. To find a new method of

He cannot speak Russian. 3 to ho
ctoJI. This is not a table. 3to ne
work. HaxoAifab pajjocTb b MV3HKe.
o^enb iiHTepeciiLiii $iuibM. This is
To find pleasure in music.
not a very interesting film. 3to ne
<> Mecra ce6e ne naxoftirrb. To
njioxo, a xopomo. This is not bad,
fret. He naxOAiiTb cjiob. Words
it is good. Ero He 6bijio He
flOMa.
fail one.
^was not at home.
HAXOflllTbCH, Haxomycb, naxoAnmb- HEBO neut., pi. He6eca, ne6ec, ne6c-
ca, naxoAHTca imp. to be (situated) caM, etc. sky
BoJitraoK TeaTp HaxoAnrca b neHT- roJiy66e He6o. A
blue sky. Beceu-
pe Mockbbi. The Bolshoi Theatre Hee He6o. A
spring sky.
is in the centre of Moscow. <> nonacTb naJibneM n ne6o Cf.
HAIJHOHAJILHOCTb /. nationality To find a mare's nest,
Kto no HamiOHajiBHocTH? What
bli HEBECTA /. fiancee
is your nationality? B Cobctckom HEr#E adv. nowhere
Coiose MHoro HaimoHajibHOCTen. Bee MecT-a 3anaTbi, Hcrae cecTb.
There are many nationalities in All the seats are taken, there is
the Soviet Union. nowhere to sit.

II At^HOH A JIbH blS !

, -an, -oe, -tie HEftABHO adv. recently
1. national. HaniionaJibnaH KyjibTy- Mh npnexajin b MocKBy HGAaBHO.
pa. National culture. We have come to Moscow recently.
2. national. HannonaJibEHH koc- HEflAJIEKO not far
adv. r ji e?
tiom. National dress. ToBapnni jkhbSt HCAaJieKo ot Me-
HAHAJIO neut. hh. My friend lives not far from
1. beginning, J[ou naxoAHTca b na- me.
qajie yjiHHH. The house is at the HEftEJIH /. week
beginning of the street. Jhh HeAeJiH. The days of the week.
2. beginning. HanaJio yqe6noro ro- Ha btovl neAeJie. This week. Hepea
#a. The beginning of the school neAeJiio. In a week. Tpn pa3a b ne-
year. HanaJio aaHHTHH b 10 aa- AeJiio. Three times a week. Mm
cob. Lessons start at 10 o'clock. CAeJiaeM 3Ty pa6oTy 3a HeAe^no.
HAHAJIbHlXK m chief We shall do this work in a week.
t
<> ynero ceMb naTHiin; na neAe-
HA^ATb see HAHHH&Tb Jie. He does not know his own mind.
HAHATbCH see HAHHHATbCH HEflOCTATlOK m., gen. -Ka draw-
HAHHHAlTb, -io, -efflt^ -iot imp. back, shortcoming, defect
it o? & -f- inf, I p. na*iaTi>, naqnly, HeflOCTaTKH b pa6oTe. Shortcomings
HE>K 77 HEC

in work. V nero MHoro HeAOcraT- HeMEoro noryjmn h npnxoAii aomoh.

kob. He has many defects. Go for a short, walk and then come
HE3KH|blft, -an, -oe, -He, short form home. V nac neMHoro BpeMenn. We
He?K6H, HGJKEa, H6H<h|o, -h; adv. have little time left.
He>KHO HEHABHIAETb, -my, -ahbib, -ah?
1. tender, affectionate. Henraoe imp. koto? n t o? to hate
HyBCTBO. A
tender feeling. He?K- H HenaBH>Ky 3tofo qejiOBeKa. /
hhh B3rJiHA- An affectionate look. hate that man.
2. tender. Henman Kowa. Tender HEHABHCTb /., no pl t k KOMy?
skin, k q e m y? hatred
3. tender. I-M^hhe iiBeT. ^4 ientfer HEOEXOflffll[BlH, -an, -oe, -Bie, short
form Heo6xojiHM, Heo6xoAHM|a, -o,
HE3ABHCHMOCTB /., no pi. indepen- -bi; adv. neo6xoA™o necessary
dence HeoSxoAHMbie Benin. Necessary
CBOOOfta H HG3&BUCHMOCTb CTpaHM. things. Heo6xoji;iiMbie Kurirn. The
The freedom and independence of a books one needs. Heo6xojuiMO c#e-
country. JiaTb onepanmo. An operation is
HE3 ABIICHM bllf , -an, -oe, -Lie, short necessary.
form He3aBncHM, -a, -o, -h; adv. HEOEBIKHOBEHHIBIH, -aa, -oe, -bie;
HesaBi'iciiMO independent adv. Heo6HKHOBenuo unusual
HesaBHCHMHH xapaKTep. An inde- Heo6HKHOBennoe nyxemecTBne. An
pendent character. He3aBiicnMoe ro- unusual journey.
cyAapcTBO. An independent state. HEOSKfiflAHHIMft, -an, -oe, -bie; adv.
HEKOFftA adv. no time HeoH^nAaHHO unexpected
Oh 6 l ienb MHoro pa6oTaeT, ewy ne- Heo>KHAaHHoe co6brme. An unex-
Kor^a ryjiHTt. He works a lot, he pected event. HeojKHjiaHHbTH. npnesA.
}ias no time to go for walks. Meg An unexpected arrival Oxen Bep-
ceroAHH HeKor^a. I've no time to- nyjiCH HeoHtiiAanHO. The father re-
day. turned unexpectedly.
HEKOTOP[Blft, -an, -oe, -ne pron. HEPBHIblfi, -an, -oe, -bie
some t. nervous. Hepenafi cncTeMa The
1. B neKOTOpHX panonax cTpamTi nervous system..
npoinJiH jspy&pfi. It rained in 2. nervous. HepBUbin ^eJioBen. A
some parts of the country. nervous person.
2. only pi. Bee cjiyniajin c imTe- 3. nervous. HepBiibie 6oJie3nn. Ner-
pecoM, HeKOTOpLie CMeaJiiicb. vous diseases.
Everybody listened with interest, HECKOJIBKIO num., gen. -hx several
some people laughed. Ha coSpaniiH bbictviihjio necKOJibKO
HEKYftA adv. nowhere qeJioBeK. Several people spoke al
y MeHH HeT 3AeCb 3HaKOMHX, MHG the meeting. Ha BKCKypcHH ne ohjio
neKy^a hatm. Vve no friends here, HecKOJiBKHX CTyAGHTOB. Several stu-
I've nowhere to go to dents were absent from the excur-
HEJIB3H +
m/. k o m y? sion.
1. it is impossible. 9Ty 3aAa iiy pe- HECMOTPJl HA prep. +acc. in spite of
rnnTB neJib3ff. This problem can- HecMOTpn ruioxyio
na noroAy,
not be solved. mm xoAnJiii ryjiFiTb. In spite of
2. one must not. Hejib3H myMerb the bad weather we went out for a
b KOMHaTe 6oJibHoro. You must walk.
not make a noise in the sickroom. <> HecMOTpn hh na hto. In spite
3AeCB KypiiTB HeJib3ft. Smoking of everything.
is prohibited here. Mne neJib3H HEC|T#, -y, -emb, -yT, past mc, nec-
MHoro 6eraTB. I am not allowed |na, -jio, -Jin, imp. ^ito? Ky«a?
to run for a long time. 1. to carry. HecTw neMOAaH. To
HEMHOFO adv. (a) little carry a suit-case. HecTH pe6en-
fl 3aHHMaJiCH ceroflHfi neMnoro. / Ka na pynax. To carry a child
studied for a short time today. in one's arms. HecTi'i Kimrii b
EEC 78 HUM

6n6JiKOTeKy. To carry the books HHr#E adv. nowhere

to the library. Blijio y>Ke n63fliio, ne 6lijio Hiir,n;e
2. fig. to bear. HecTH oTueTCTBeH- buaho already late,
Jiioflen. It was
HOCTb. To bear the responsibili- no people could be seen anywhere.
ty, HecTH HaKa3aHiie. To bear Hnr^e He Mory Kynnrb sToro yn:e6-
the punishment. HecTH nofepii. HHKa. / can't buy this text-book
To suffer losses, anywhere. Hnr^e hot cbo66ahlix
HECHACTH|blS, -an, -oe, -He un- MecT. There are no vacant seats
lucky, unfortunate anywhere.
Hec^acTHHii nejiOBeK. An unlucky HK>KH|HIi, -hh, -ee, -ho
person. 1. lower. Hhjkhhh nojiKa. The lower
<0> HecHacTHbiii cJiynau. An acci- berth.
dent. 2, : Hnnaiee 6eJlbe. Underwear.
HECHACTBE misfortune
neut. HH3K|HII, -an, -oe, -no, short form
OiyHHJiocb necnacTbe. A misfor- HH30K, HH3Ka, HH3K|0, -Ii; adv. HII3K0;
tune has happened. com p. imme
HET particle 1. low. Hh3khh hom. A low house.
1. HAGTe b khho?
no. Bli HeT. — 2. low. Hh3khh ypoBeiib jkh3hh.
"Are you going to the cinema?" A low standard. Hn3Kan
living
"No, I am not." reMnepaTypa. A
low temperature.
2. not, no. y Menn ner btoh khh-
TeMnepaTypa HH?Ke nyjia. A
rn. / haven't got that book. Ha temperature below zero. Hn3Kiie
3toh yjinne Hex Mara3HHOB. There HeHbi. Low prices. Hii3K0e AaB-
are no shops in this street. Ero Jienne. Low pressure.
neT ftOMa. He is not at home. 3. low. HH3KHH roJioc. low voice. A
HEy>K£«JIH emphatic particle really HHKOrjjA adv. never
HeyjKeJin bbi ne miT&JiK §Toro po- Oh HHKOrfla He onasftLiBaji. He
MaHa? Haven't you read this novel? never came late.

HEOTb HHKTO pron., gen., acc. HHKoro [-bo],

/., no pi. oil
dat. HHKOMy, instr. HHKeM, prepos,
MecTopoacAeHiie ne$TH. An oil de-
hh o kom nobody
posit. ,jC[o6biBaTb ne$Tb. To extract
Hhkto ne anaeT, Kan penraib Enry
oil.
3aAany. Nobody knows how to solve
HEMAHHHO adv. by accident this problem. H #aBHo ynce minora
H HeqanHHo pas6irji craKan, I broke ne BH^eji. / haven't seen anybody
the glass by accident. for a long time. HiiKOMy ne rono-
HEHEFO pron., dat. neneMy, instr. pn 06 3TOM. Don't tell anyone about
He^eM, prepos. He o HeM -{-inf. no- it. Oh hh o kom He xo^er #yMaTb.
thing He doesn't want to think about
MHe Henero AeJiaTb. Vve got no- anyone.
thing to do. TaK AymHO, hto HeieM HHKy#A adv. nowhere
AKtmaTb. It's so stuffy: one can y MeHH HJioxoe HacrpoeHHe, it h
hardly breathe. Mne ne o neM 66n.h- miKyna ne xomy. I am in a bad
me roBopiiTb, Vve nothing else to mood and I don't go anywhere.
say. HeneMy paAOsaTbCH. There's HflT|KA /., gen. pi. -ok thread
nothing to be happy about. KaTymKa hhtok. A reel of thread.
HH particle not a B^eTb HiixKy b urotfKy. To thread
Ha He6e hh 66JiaHKa. There is not a needle.
a single cloud in the sky. HHHErO [-bo]
HH ... HH nor
con f. neither... 1. adv. not bad. KaK a nanncaji
Hh rhqm, hh no^bio He npeKpam;a~ KOHTpoJibiiyio pa6oTy? — Hn lie-

Jiacb pa6oTa. Work went on day ro. How I write

did my test-
and night without stopping. Hh h, paper?" "Not bad."
HH MOH 6paT HHKOFAa He 6hjih b 2. particle that's all right. M3BH-
MocKBe. Neither my brother nor HHTe, ncwKajiyiicTa. Hinero. —
myself has ever been to Moscow. "Excuse me." "That's all right."
HH TI 79 HOC

HHHTO [-mTo] pron., gen. HHHerd[-Bo], HO/KjKA /., gen. pi. -etc leg
dat.HHqeMy, instr. HiiqeM, prepos. HoJKKa CTOJia, cryjia. The leg of a
hh o *ieM nothing table, chair.
Oh HH^ero He 3naeT. He does not H02KHHU,BI no sing., gen. hojkhhh.
know anything. Oh HHqeMy He Ha- scissors
yiMJica. He didn't learn anything. OcTpEie hojkhhhbi. Sharp scissors,
Oh HEraeM ne HHTepecyeTca. He is
HOJT|B m.y gen. -h zero
not interested in anything. H hg
Mor hh o qeM nyu^Th. / couldn't n6e3A npuraeJi b ABenaALiaTB
hojib-hojib. The train arrived at
think of anything.
twelve sharp.
HO conj. but
CoJiHHe CB6THT, ho He rpeeT. The HOMEP m., pi. -a
sun is shining, but it is not giving 1. number. HoMep #6 Ma. num-
any warmth. H B^epa 3Bohhji Te<5e, ber of a house. HoMep TpaMBan.
ho Te6;r He 6hjio flOMa. / rang The number of a tram. HoMep
you up yesterday, but you were Tejietjona. A
telephone number.
not at home. 2. issue. AnpeJibCKiiH homop >Kyp-
HOBOrOflH|Hli, -hh, -ee, -ne New- Hsuia. The April issue of the
Year magazine.
HoBoroAHHH HOHb. N ew-Y ear night. 3. reom. Howep b rocTimiiue. A
HoBoro^HHe nosflpaBJieHHH. New- hotel room.
Year messages. HoBoro^Hne no?Ke- 4. size. HoMep 6othhok, nepnaTOK.
JiaHHH. New-Year wishes. HoBoroA- The size of shoes, gloves,
hhh 6aJi. A New-Year ball. 5. item. HoMep b kohik^pthoh npo-
HOBOCT|B /., gen. pi. -en rpaMMe. An item on the concert
1. news. Coo6m;aTB hoboctb. To programme. L(hpkob6h HoMep.
tell the news. Xopomne hobocth. A turn in the circus. McnoJiHflTB
Good news. HoMep, To perform an item^
2. only pL: Hobocth ahh. Newsreel. HOPMA /. norm, standard, quota
Hobocth HayKH n TexmiKH. The HopMa BiipaSoTKH. An output
latest developments in science and
standard. Bmhojihatb HopMy. To
technology.
carry out the quota. HepeBLinoJi-
HGB|BlH, -an, -oe, -Bie, short form hhtl nopMy. To exceed the
hob, HOBa, hob|o, -li quota.
1. new. Hoblih aom. A new house.
HoBoe HJiaTLe. A new dress. HOPMAJIBH|BlU, -an, -oe.^ -tie, short
2. new. HoBan KHnra. A new book. form nopMaJien, HopMaJiBH|a, -o,

Hobhh qeJioBeK. A new man. -h; adv. HopMaji&HO normal

3. modern. HoBan hctophh. Modern HopMaJibHaa TeMnepaTypa. Normal
history.
temperature. HopMaJiBHoe AaBJieHHe.
4. new. Ho bum roA- New Year.
Normal pressure. HopMaJiBHLie yc-
jiobhh TpyAa. Normal conditions
HOrA acc. Hory; pi. Horn, nor, for work.
HoraM, etc. foot, leg
Bhmhtb Horn. To wash one's feet. HOC m. t
prepos. o Hoce & na (b) ho-
cy; pi. -bi
BiiTHpanTe Horn. Wipe your feet.
Hath b nory c b6kom. To keep 1. nose. npHMon hoc. A straight
abreast of time. nose.
2. bow. Mbi cHAeJTH na nocy jioa-
HOF|OTB m., gen. -th; gen. pi. -Tea kh. We were sitting in the bow
(finger) nail
of the boat.
KycaTB hoith. To bite one's nails.
H05K m.
gen. -a knife
O noeecHTb hoc. To be crestfallen.
t Boahtb Koro-nn6yAB 3a hoc. To
Octphh hojk. sharp A knife. Tynofi lead somebody by the nose. He bh-
hojk. A
blunt knife. Pe3aTB xJie6 AeTb AaJibine coScTnenHoro noca.
H05KOM. To cut bread with a knife. Not to see further than one's
HepoqHHHHH ho?k. A pen-knife. nose.
HOC 80 OBE

IIOCHTB, nomy, iiocniub, hocht imp. Hy>K$AlTbCH, -iocb, -embcH, -jeotch

k o r 6 ? 4 t o? k y a a? imp. b k o m? b h e m? to need
1. to carry. KanvWii Aenb noq- BoJibHoH nyjKAaeTCH b csemeu bo3-
TaJibon hocht naM noHTy. Every nyxe. The patient needs fresh air.
day the postman brings us our Iiy>KHO kom y? h e m y? inf. & + +
post. On hocht khhtk b nopx- conj. h t 6 6 h it is necessary, must
(J)eJie. He carries his books in HaM hvjkho MHoro 3aHHMaTbCH. We
Ins bag. must study a lot. Hy?KH0, tt66h
2. to wear. Hocnxb MHrnyio htjih- b KpMHaTe 6mjio hiicto. The room
ny. To wear a soft hat. Hochtb must be clean.
6y cei, cepbrn. To wear beads, HyHvH|BItI -an, -oe, -He, short form
r

ear-rings. Hymen, ny>Kna ny>KH0, tnymuhi

HOCKH pl. gen. hockob; sing,
t
hocok, kom y? h e m y? necessary, that is
m., gen. nocua socks needed
IlIepcTHHLie hockh. Woollen socks. HyjKHMH qeJiOBeK. A man who is
ITapa iiockob. A pair of socks. needed. Hv>khhii yqe6HHK. A ne-
HOTA 1
/. cessary text-book. Bta. Kiinra Hys%-
1. B3HTL BHCOKyiO (HH3KVIO)
note. na Mne ceroAHH. / need this book
hotv. To sing a high (low) note. today. Mne Hy?KHw Ty$JiH. / need
2. no sing, music. HrpaTb no HOTaM. shoes. 3tot yneSmiK MHe ne Hy>Ken.
To play from music. Mrpaxb / don't need this text-book.
6e3 hot. To play without music.
HOTA /. note
2

HoTa npoTecTa. A note of protest. 0, o

HoTa coBercKoro npaBMTeJibCTBa.
A note of the Soviet Government. (OB, OBO) prep. ~\~ prepos. & acc.
HOHHjOlI, -an, -do, -Lie night 1. ^rprepos. about, of. 3a6oTiiTbCH
HoHiian Tiiniiiua. The silence of the o 3AOpoBbe. To take care of one's
night. Hoqnafi CMena. The night health. flynaTb o poAHHe. To think
shift. Hon nan py6amKa. A night- about one's country. MeHTarb o
gown, a night-shirt. Sy^yineM. To dream of the future.
IIOMIb /., gen. pi -en night ^rrraTb KHnry o 3KH3HH cob6T-
Ti'ixaa ho iis. A quiet night. JTyn- ckoh MOJiOflejKH. To read a book
nan ho^ib. A moonlit night. 3Be3A~ about the life of Soviet youth,
Han Hoqb. A starlit flight. B no^b noA BocnoMiraaHHH 06 OTUfi. Reminis-
Hob Mil roft. On New-Year's night. cences (memories) of one's father.
<> CuoiiouHoii (floSpon) hohh. 2, ~\-acc.on. Bojihh 6;uincb o 6e-
Good-night! per. The waves beat on the shore.
HO IBIO adv. at night
x
OB A m. & neut., gen. o66nx; 66e /.,
Hohbio oh cnaJi necnoKOHHO. He gen. o6enx num. both
spent a restless night. B^epa ho^bio 06a APyra ynaTcn b HHCTHTyTe.
kto-to nocryiaji k naM b okho. Both friends study at the institute.
Last night somebody was knocking 05e fleBymKH xopomo TaHneBaJin.
at our window. Both the girls danced well.
1I0}1BP|B m., gen. -h, no pi. Novem- OBER m. dinner
ber BKycHHH o6eA- A tasty dinner,
HPAjBlITBCH, -bjiiocb, "Biihibch, -bht- 0.6eA H3 Tpex 6jiioa. A three-course
ch imp. k o m y? ieny? &-\-inf.f dinner.
p. nOHpa| BHTbCH, -BJIIOCb, -BHIHbCH, <> 3a o0enoivi. At dinner. IIpHrjia-
-bhtch to like CHTb na o66a. To invite to dinner.
Mho onenb HpaBiiTCH 3Ta fteBymKa. 0BE3A|TL, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
/ like that girl very much. Kirao- p. noo6eAa|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot to have
$ftJIBM HaM He HOHpaBHJICH. We dinner
didn't like the film. BaM npaBHTCH 06eAaxb b ctojioboh. To have dinner
ryjiHTb Do you like taking at a dining-hall. Bbicxpo nooSeAaTb.
walks here? To have a quick dinner.
OBE 81 OEP

OBECnEHHBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot OEMAH^Tb see OB MA HblBATb

imp. koto? h e m? or komj? OEMAHbIBA|Tb, -emb, -k>t imp.
h t oil p. c^ecne^lHTb, -y, -nmb, -aT ko ro?/p. o6ManyTb, o6MaHy, o6Ma-
to provide Henib, o6ManyTto deceive
OSecne^HTb CTpoirrejibCTBO Mamn- ToBapnm roBOpuji, *tto npnAex, ho
HaMH. To provide machinery for a o6Manyji: He npnmeji. The friend
construction project. said he would come, but he didn't
OBECIlEHHTb see OEEdlE^HBATb keep his word.
OBEnjAJTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. & p. <0> OSManyTb Hafte/KM**!. To dis-
K o m y? it o? -}— inf. / p. also no- appoint somebody' s hopes. OfoiaHyTb
o6ema|Tb, -10, -emb, ~k>t to promise AOBepne. To, betray somebody' s trust.
H oSemaio BbinoJiHHTb Barny npocb- OBMEHtfTbCH see M£H#TbCH s i

6y. / promise to fulfil your re- OBIlJHMA|Tb, -emb, -iot Imp.

-io,

quest. A oSemaio, ^to npn;i.y k BaM Koro?//>. o6HHTb, oSnnMy, o6mr-

ceroAHfl Be^epOM. / promise to come Memb, oohhmvt, past oGbhji, -a,
and see you this evening. Oh (no)- 66hhjih to embrace
o6emaJi y3HaTb o BpeMenn co6pa- 06HHTb Apyra. To embrace one's
hhh. He promised to find out the friend. 06naTb CTapyio MaTb. To
time of the meeting. embrace one's old mother,
OEtfAETb see OBH2KATB
OBHHMAjTbCH, -k>cb, -erabca, -iotch
imp. c KeM?/p. o6iiHTbCH, o6nn-
OEUflETbCH see OEBDKATbCH Mycb, o6HHMembCH, o6nnMyTCH,
0B23H0 predic. impers. (to be)
past o6hh|jich, -jiacb, -jiricb to
sorry; (to be) offended
embrace
Mne oSh^ho, *ito a He nonaJi b
KpenKO o6HHTbCH c TOBapHmeM. To
TeaTp. / am sorry I didn't get to 1
,
embrace one s friend heartily,
the theatre.
0EH5KA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. k o-
0EH#Tb see OEHHMATb
OBHUTbCH see OEHHMATbCH
ro? p. o6ii[^eTb, -my, -,n;ninb, -aht
/
to offend, to ill-treat
OEOtM see OEXOflftTb
06iTfl,eTb flpyra. To offend a friend.
OBOPOHA /., no pi. defence
HeJibsH o6s}KaTb MajieHbKHx. You
OBOPy^OBAHHE neut., no pi. equip-
ment
mustn't ill-treat the little ones.
HoBenmee oSopyAOBaene. The most
OEMKA|TbCH, -rocb, -emhcs, -iotch up-to-date equipment.
imp. na koto? Ha hto?/
p. o6H|fleTbCH, -?Kycb, -flnmbca, -aht-
OBPAftOBATb see PAflOBATb
ch to take offence, to be offended OB PA^OBATbCH seePAflOBATBCH
OSiTA^TbCfl na 6paTa. To take offence 0BPA3 m.
at one's brother. He o6smaHCH Ha 1. character. JlnTepaTypHLm 66pa3.
moh CJiOBat Don't be offended at my A literary character.
words! 2. way. 06pa3 jkh3hh, mmcjih. A
way of life, of thinking.
6BJ1AK|0 neut. f pi. -a
<> TaKHM 66pa30M. So; thus. Fjias-
1. cloud. J^ojKAeBoe 66 JiaKO. A HMM 65pa30M. Mainly.
raincloud. rpo30Bbie oSjiana.
Thunderclouds. OB PA30B AHHE neut., no pi. educa-
2. fig. cloud.06jiaK0 hhjih. A dust tion
cloud. IIpaBO na o6pa30BaHHe. The right
OBJIACT|b gen. pi. -en to education. Bucmee o6pa30BaHfie.
1. region. 06JiacTb JiecoB. The for- Higher education. IiOJiy^niTb o6pa-
est region. 30BaHne. To be educated. Kai<6e y
2. region. ApxaHrejibCKan 66jiacTb. sac o6pa30BaHiie? What education
The Arkhangelsk region. have you?
3. field. HoBan 66 Jiacrt Hayioi. A 0BPA3|0BATb, -yio, -yemb, -yior
new field of science. imp. & p.t o? h.

4. region. 06jiacTb cepjina. The re- i. to set up. 06pa30BaTb komhc-

gion of the heart. chio. To set up a commission.
OBP 82 OET>

2. to form, to make up. flBa aTOMa £i.tTb HOBLIH KHH0(f)ITJIbM, ftOKJiaft.

BO,o;op6fta h a tom KiicjiopoAa 06- To discuss a new film, a report.
pa3yiOT MOJieKyJiy bo^li. Two OBYBb f., no pi. footwear

atoms of hydrogen and one atom OEXOflfTTb, o6xo?Ky, o6x6flHmb, 06-

of oxygen make up a molecule of xoaht imp. koto? <2T0?/p. o6oii|-
water. th, -jxy, -Aemb, -ftyT, past o6oraeJi t

OEPA3|OBATbCH t 1st & 2nd per s. o6onui|a, -6, -h

not used, 3rd pers, yeTCH, -yioTCH 1. to go round. 06ohth BOKpyr #6-
imp. & p. to be formed Ma. To go round the house.
06pa30BaJioci>noBoe rocyAapcTBo. 2. to go round. 06ohth aymy. To
A new was formed. B pe3yjib-
state go round a puddle. 06ohth ropy.
TaTa xHMifaecKOH peaKE^HH o6pa- To go round a hill.
3yeTCH noBoe BeinecTBo. As a re- 3. to visit. 060HTIT Bee Mara3HHH.
sult of a chemical reaction a new To visit all the shops.
substance is formed. OBmEJKflTHE neut. hostel
OBPATflTB see OBPAHJATb OryAeHqecKOe o6me5KHTHe. A stu-
OBPATflTBCH see OEPAHjlTbCH dents' hostel. JKhtb b o6nie?KriTHH.
OEPATH|blfI, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. 06- To live at a hostel.
paTHo return OEIB.ECTBEHHIbia, -an, -oe, -He
OSpaTHtiH SiiJieT. A return ticket. 1. social. OdmecTBeHULiH cTpoii.
Ha o6paTHOM uyrih On one's return Social system.
journey. Ty^a on exaJi na noe3,ne, 2. social, public. 06in;ecTBeHHaH pa-
a o6paTiio jictcji caMOJieTOM. He 6oTa. Social work. 06rn;ecTBeHHbie
went there by train and came back opranii3an;Hii. Public organisa-
by plane. tions.
OBPAmA|TB, -10,^ -enib, -k>t imp. <0> 06mecTBeHiiLiH ^eflTejib. A
ito?/p. o6pa|THTB, -my, -TKinb, public figure.
-THT OBmECTBO neut.
OGpaTHTb BHHMaHiie. To pay atten- 1. society. K
om y h h ct e ck e 66-
tion. OSpaxrixe BHHMatine na 3Toro nrecTBO. Communist society. Byp-
qeJiOBena! Look at that man! ?Kya3Hoe 66m;ecTBO. Bourgeois
OEPAIIJAjTbCH, -10CB, -embca, -iotch society.
imp. k KOMy? k qeMy?/p. o6pa|- 2. society. Hay*raoe 66inecTB0. A
THTbCH, -IHyCb, -THfflLCJI, -THTCH to scientific society. CnopTHBHoe
turn (to), to address, to apply 66mecTBO. A sports society. 06-
06"paTHTtCH k coGpaBraiiMca. To mecTBO ffpyH<6bi c 3apy6eH{HLiMH
address a meeting. OGpaTHTBCfl c CTpanaMii. A society of friend-
npocb6oii k /inpeKTOpy. To address ship with foreign countries.
a request to the director. OSpaTHTb- OBimHfi, -an, -ee, -ne
ch k Bpa^y 3a coBeTOM. To turn to 1. common. 06inHe HBrepecbi. Com-
a doctor for advice. mon 06iiiee HMyrnecT-
interests.
OB CTAHOBKA /., no pi. bo. Common property. mix Bee V
1. furniture. 06cTanoBKa KoMiiaTBi. 66iu;ee. They have everything in
The furniture of the room. common.
2. situation, atmosphere. Memjxy- 2. general. 06mHe Bonpocbi. Gen-
HapoflHaa oScTaHOBKa. The inter- eral questions.
national situation Bece/ja <> HeT (or ne hm6ti>) Hiinero 66-
npomJia b n,py>KecTBeHHoii oScxa- mero c KeM-/qeM-jiH6o. To have
HoBKe. The conversation took nothing to do with somebody /some-
place in a friendly atmosphere. thing. B 66"meM. I n general.
OBCYflflTB see OBCyHxflATB OBtEflHHfiTb see OE'bEflHHflTb
OECy>K$A|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. OBT^EflHHflTbCH see OB'bEflH-
h t o?/p. o6cy^«TB, o6cymy, o6cy- HIlTbCH
AHfflb, oGcy^HT to discuss OE'LEflHHHlTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
OGcy/IHTb Ba>KHHH Bonpoc. To koto? hto?/p. o6'Lefl;iffl|HTb, -io t
discuss an important question. 06cy- -nnib, -ht to unite
0E1> 83 oro

OS^eflHHHTb CHJIBI 6opnoB 3a MHp. / usually get up at 7 o'clock in the

To unite the efforts of the cham- morning.
pions of peace. OB&HHIBltt, -a*, -oe, -He ordinary
OB-BEflHHfilTbCH, -iocb, -embcH, OSmhhhh ^enb. An ordinary day.
-xotcji imp. c KeM? c qeM?/ 0BH3AHH0CTB /. duty, obligation
p. 06'LeAHH|HTLCfl;, -lOCb, -HDIbCH, -flT- IIpaBa h oSaaaHHOCTiL Rights and
ch to unite obligations.
Ohu oSteAHHHJiiicb c ApyriiM koji- OBH3ATEJ1BHO adv. by all means,
xo30m fljiH nocTpoiiKH 66 men 3JieK- certainly, without fail
TpOCTanii;KH. They pooled together 3xy paSoTy HaAO o6fl3aTejibHo ca<3-
resources with another collective JiaTb ceroAHH. This work must be
farm to build a common electric pow- done today without fail. 06a3aTeJib-
er station. HO riOCMOTpifTC 3Ty K IT H O K a p TH -
OBTbEM m. volume ny. Make sure you see this film.
06beM TeJia. The volume of a body. H npiifly k BaM o6fl3aTeJibno. I'll
OEnbHBflTB see OE'BHB.MTB certainly come to see you.
OEMBJIEHIIE neut. OBJIA,HEBA{TB, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
1. announcement. OSbflBJieniie o KeM? *j e m?
OBJia^elTb,
/ p. -10,

co6paHHEr. Announcement of a -emb, -iot to seize, to master

meeting. OBJiaAeTb KpenocTbio. To seize a
2. advertisement, J^ocKa
notice. fortress. OBJia;j,eTB m-iHKOM. To mas-
o6i>HBJieHiin. Aboard.
notice ter a language. OBJiafteBaTb 3nannH-
flaTB oStflBJieHHe b ra3ery. To mh. To get knowledge. OB&afleTb ho-
put an advertisement in a news- boh cnerxiiajibHOCTbio. To master a
paper. new speciality.

OET>HBJIJ!|TB, -emb, -tot imp.

-jo,
OBJIAAETB see QBJTAftjEBATB
'ito? o qeM?//?. oS-bhbhtb, o6%kb-
OBOimil pi., gen. pi. -en vegetables
CBejKHe oBomu- Fresh vegetables.
jik>, o6"T>fiBHnib, oS'bhbht to an-
Panniie OBonim Early vegetables.
nounce, to declare
06i>HBUTb o pemenHH, To announce OrjlHflBIBAITBCH, -iocb, -enibca,
--iotch imp. I p. orJiflHyrbCH, orjia-
a decision. 06t>hb[}tb bohhv. To
declare war.
uycb, orjiHuembCH, orJianyTCH to
glance back
<> 06'hfiBUTh 5jiaroAapnocTb. To
express one's gratitude.
OrJianyTbCH Ha3a,u\ To glance back.
H 6biCTpo orJifliiyjiCH. / glanced
OBT>flCHKTb see OBT>HCH#TB back quickly.
OB'BiTClMlTB, -to, -enib, -k>t imp. OrJIHHyTBCH see OrjI#HBIBATb-
q TO? K M y? / p. o6i»hch1htb, -jo, CH
-imib, -An to explain OEOHB m., gen. ortm; pi. o?m\
06i>hciihtb ypoK. To explain a les- no pi. fire. HpniiH oroHb b uemk.
1.
son. 06T»ffCHHTb 3aAaHy. To explain
A bright fire in the stove.
a task. 06bHCHHTb cboio mhcjib. To 2. light. 3aH<eHr> oronb. To switch on
explain one's idea. IIpenoRaBaTeJib the light. IIoracHTb oroHb. To
o6i>hchhji CTy^eiiTaM Tpy^noe npa- switch off the light. OniH ropo^a.
bhjio. The teacher was explaining a The lights of the city.
difficult rule to the students.
<> BoflTbca KaK ornji. Cf. To fear
OB LIKHOB EHH [
Bill , -an, -oe, -He like death. Hath b oroHb h bo-
ordinary jxy 3a k6m-jib6o, 3a Koro-jin6"o.
6hk h Be h hlt h ^eJiOBeK. An ordi- Cf. To go through thick and thin
nary man. 6btkho BennaH pa6oTa. after, for somebody. HeT AbiMa
Ordinary work. 6es orim (proverb). There is no
OEB'IHAfi m. custom smoke without a fire.
HanHOnajibHLie o6Lnan. National OrOPO/j; rn. kitchen-garden
customs. EoJibmon oropoA- ^ large kitchen-
OBfflHHO adv. usually garden. Pa66raTb na oropoAe. To
06hhho h BCTaio b 7 nacoB yTpa. work in the kitchen- gar den. B oropoAe
orp 84 OKA

pacTex KapTo$eJib. Potatoes grow OflHH AKOB LIS |

, -aa, -oe, -bie, short
in the kitchen-garden. form oAHHaKOB, -a, -o, -bi; adv.
OrPOMH|blH, -an, -oe, -He, short oahhelkobo same, identical
form orpoMen, orpoMH|a, -o, -bi 9tH HJiaTbH COBC6M OAHHaKOBbie.
huge, great These dresses are quite identical.
OrpoMHMH ropoA- huge city. Or- A Y hijx OAHHaKOBbie B3rJiflAbi na
pOMHbie bo3m6>khocth. Great possi- jiHTeparypy. They have the same
bilities. OrpoMHEJH ycnex. Great ideas on literature.
success. OflHHOKlHfi, -an, -oe, -ne short f

OryP|EU; m., gen. -na cucumber form oahhok, -a, -o, -n; adv. oj\k-
PaHHHe orypiiw. Early cucumbers. hoko
GoJieHHe orypnbi. Salted cucumbers. 1. lonely. Oahhokhh nejiOBeK. A
OflEBAlTb, -K) -erab, -k>t imp. ko-
f
lonely man.
to? bo ht6?/p. OAe|Tb, >ny, 2. solitary. Oahhokoc RepeBo, A
-nefflb,-HyT to dress solitary tree.
OfleBaTb peSeuna. To dress the 3. lonely. OAHHOKaa >KH3Hb. A lone-
child. OAeTb pe6eHKa b hobog ly life.
nJiaTbe. To dress the child in a 0,D(HAiK#BI adv. once, one day
new dress. Ofl|HAKO conf. however
OftEBAlTBCH, -ioct, -embCH, -iotch JJojkab jihji Kai< H3 BeApa, OAHaKO
imp. bo ^to?/p. OAe|rbCH, -nycb, pa66Ta ne npeKpamaJiacb. The rain
-nenibCH, -HyTCH to dress fell in torrents, but the work never
3hm6h naflo renjio OAe-BaTbCH. You stopped.
must dress in warm clothes in win- OftHOBPEMEHHILlft, -an, -oe, -bie;

ter. Xopoino ofteBaTbCH. To dress adv. oAHOBpeMenno simultaneous

well. OAeTbca bo Bee hoboc To be Mbi OAHOBpeMenno npnexajiH na
dressed in new clothes. OACBaTbC BOK3aJi. We arrived at the station
co BKycOM. To dress taste fully. at the same time.
03EPO neut., pi. 03epa lake
OflESKflA /., no pi. clothes
03epo BaHKaJi. Lake Baikal. }Ke-
Pa66 liaa 0Ae>KAa. Working clothes.
HeBCKoe 03epo. The Lake of Geneva.
BepxHHH OAewfla. Outdoor clothes.
OKA3ATB see OKA3MBATB
OJl£Tb OflEBATb
see OKA3ATBCH see OK A3 BIBATbCH
OflETBCfl see OflEBATBCH OKA3L>lBA|Tt>, -io, -ernb, -iot imp.
OflEHJIO blanket; quilt
neut. i
i t o? kom y? n a k o r 67/ p. OKa-
Bamoe OAe>iJio. A quilt. HaKpbi- 3aTb, oKamy, oKajKemb, OKa>KyT
BaTbCH OAeaJiOM. To cover oneself to render, to offer, to exert
with a blanket. OKB3biBaTb noMOHit. To render as-
OflflH, OAHa, onno, oahii pron. sistance. OKa.3biBaTb conpoTHBjie-
1. alone. H jKiiBy oahh. / live alone. HH6. To offer resistance. OKa3biBaTb
H He jiioSjieo ryJiHTb OAHa. / BJiHHHne (na Koro, hto). To influ-
don't like walking alone. ence (somebody).
2. alone, only. H oahh Mory 3to OK A3 MB
A[ TBCH , -iocb, -embcn, -iot-
CAeJiaib. / alone can do this. ch imp. j p. 0Ka3aTbCH, 0Ka>Kycb,
3. one Oai'ih moh Apyr (oahh H3 0Ka>KembCH, okeukvtch
momx APy B en) paccKa3aji mho 1. k e m? k a k ii m? to turn out to
HHTepecnyio HCTopmo. A friend be. Oh OKa3aJica onenb HHTe-
of mine told me an interesting pecHRM HeJioseKOM. He turned
story. out to be a very interesting man.
4. the same. Mm yqnMca na oahom 2. to find oneself. HeosKHflanno mli
Kypce. We are in the same OKa3aJincb na He3HaK0M0H yjin-
course. H,e. Suddenly we found ourselves

5. used as n. one. Oahh nonceji na- in an unfamiliar street. Ona-

jieBO, APyroii — nanpaBo. One SaTbCH B TpyAHOM H0JI0JK6HHH.
went to the left; the other, to To find oneself in a difficult
the right. situation.
OKA 85 oiia

3. par en. word OKa3BiBaexcH, Be- 2. usu. no p. to surround. flepeB-

^ep 6y#eT ne b cy66oxy, a b hio co Bcex CTopon 0Kpy?KaJiH
BOCKpeceHte. The evening-party Jieca. The village was completely
is in fact to take place on Sun- surrounded by woods.
day and not on Saturday. 3. fig. to surround. OnpyHOTB 3a-
OKAH^HBAiTb, -emb, -iot imp.
-io, 66toii. To surround with solici-
HT0?//?. 0K6hh|KXB, -y, -HHIB, -aT tude.
to finish OKPyKfiTL see OKPy^KATB
Okohhhtb pa66xy. To finish work, OKT/lBPjL m. gen. -h October
t

Okohhhtb mKOJiy. To finish school. OH pron., m., gen., acc. ero [-bo], dat,
Okoh^hxb hhcthxvt. To graduate &uy, insir. hm, prepos. o He\\i he, it
from the institute. Ohnpnexaji H3 Opannini. He came
OK AH HUB A TBCH , &
pers.
1st 2nd from Prance. CxoJiiiHa cPpaH-
—
|

not used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -ioxch, mux IlapLbK. Oh ctokx iia Cene.
imp. -qeM? /p. okoh*i|iixbch, 1st & The capital of France is Paris. It
2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -hxch, is situated on the Seine.
-axcn to end OHA pron., /., gen., acc. ee, dat. en,
CneKTaKJib OKonqEJicn hos^ho. The instr. eio, prepos. o Hen she, it
performance ended late. Ona OTABixajia na HepnoM Mope.
OKEAH m. ocean She spent her holidays at the Black
Thxhh oneaH. The Pacific Ocean. Sea. OxKy^a y sac axa KHiira? —
ATJianTi'raecKHH OKean. Atlantic H KyniiJi ee b khhjkhom MarasHBe.
Ocean. napoxoA naxoAHxcn cen^ac "Where did you get that book? "I 11

b OKeane. The ship is now at sea. bought it at a bookshop n

OKHO neut., pi. OKHa, okoh, oKnaM, OHfl pron., pi., gen., acc. HX, dat.
window
etc. km, instr. hmh, prepos. o hhx
they
OKHa bbixoaht Ha yjisnj. The win- Ohk mho ro cnopuJin o JiHxepaxy-
dows overlook the street. CMOxpeTB pe. They argued a lot about litera-
B okho. To look through the win- ture. B HameM ca#y pacxyx nBeTH.
dow. CwcoTpeTb ii3 OKHa. To look Ohh ohohb KpacHBLi, There are
out of the window. flowers in our garden. They are
OKOJIO prep. +
gen. very beautiful.
1. Okojio Mara3HHa ctohjio
near. OHO pron., neut., gen., acc. ero [-bo],
MHoro HapoA^. There were many dat. euy, instr. hm, prepos. o tlqm it
people near the shop. Oh ceJi oko- H6jioko ynajio. Oho JieHUix na 3eM-
jio Mena. He sat down beside me. Jie. The apple has dropped. It is
2. about. Mmryjinjra okojio jXByx on the ground.
^lacoB. We walked for about two 0nA33BIBA|TB, -ro, -eruB, -iot imp.
hours. Ky^a? na ckojibko? & -f-
OKOHHAHHE neut. completion, inf. p. ono3Aa|TB,
f -io. -emB, -iot
end(ing) to he late
OKOHHanne CTponrejibcTBa. The CTyfteHT ono3AaJi na ypoK. The
completion of the construction. student was late for his lesson. Bbi
OKonqaHne ceasca. The end of a 0H03AaJiH na 15 MHHyx. You are
performance. 15 minutes late. Mm ono3AaJiii k
<> OKOH^anire crieAyeT. To be con- na^aJiy cneKxaKJia. We were too
tinued. late for the beginning of the per-
OKOHHHTB see OKAHHHBATB formance. K ono3saji nocMOxpexB
OKOHHHTBCH see OKAHHHBATBCH 3xy KapxoHy. / missed that film.
OKPEHHYTb see KPEnHYTB OHACHOCTb /. danger
OKPY/KAlTb, -K), -emi>, -kjt imp. lIoABepraTBCH onaciiocxn. To be
KOTO? H T 0? H e M?//>. OKpyH<|HTI>, exposed to danger. Bbixb b onacnoc-
-y, -iimh, -aT th. To be in danger. HaM rposnx
1. to surround, ^exn oKpyjKHJin onacHOCTB. We are in danger.
MaTB. The children surrounded H36e>KaTB onacHOCTK. To escape
their mother. danger.
OITA 86 opr

OriACHIblH, -an, -oe, -Lie; adv. oriac- OnyCKA|TB, -io, -einb, -iot imp. k 0-
ho dangerous ro? *iTO?/p. onyciiiTb, onyiriy,
OnaciiMH cJiynafi. A dangerous onycTHnib, onycTHT
case. Onacnaji pa6oTa. Dangerous 1. to lower. OnycTUTb pe6enKa na
work, Ilo 3Toir Aopore hath: onac- iiOJi. To put the child on the
ho. It's dangerous to go along that floor. OnycTUTb roJiOBy. To hang
road. ones head. OnycTHTb rJia3a. To
On epa /.
lower one's eyes. OnycTi'iTb bo-
1. opera. CJiyniaxb onepy. To listen poxHHK. To lower the collar.
to an opera. KynnTb 6iiJieTbi na 2. to drop. OnycTHTb nircBMo b
onepy. To buy tickets for the rininK. To drop a letter into a
opera. post -box.
2. opera. Tearp oneput n 6aJieTa. OnyCTlITB see OnyCKATB
A theatre of opera and ballet. On BIT m.
1. no pi. experience. JKi'iaiieHiiwii
OHEPAUHH /. operation
onbiT. Life's experience. Ouht
Xnpypr c^eJiaJi cjiojkhvio onepa-
pa6oTM. Experience of work.
iiiuo. The surgeon performed a dif-
IlMeTb 6ojibinoH ontiT. To have
ficult operation. OnepariHH na cepA-
great experience. IicnoJib30BaTb
iie. A heart operation.
c'boh oiiht. To utilise one's ex-
01103,0; ATB see 01IA3^bIBATJb perience.
OnPAB^ATL see OnPABftBIBATB 2. experiment. XiiMimecKiie ohhtli.
OIIP AB fl BI B A| TB -io, -ernb,
, -iot Chemical experiments. npOBo-
imp. koto? ito? ieu?/p. on-
x
AUTb onMTW. To make experi-
paBftaiTb, -io, -emt, -iot ments. B jia6opaTopnn iiact
1. to acquit. Gyx ero onpaB^aJi. oiiht. An experiment is in pro-
He was acquitted by
the court. gress in the Laboratory.
2. to justify. Oh onpaBfl&iBaJi ceoe OIIBITHIBIII, -an, -oe, -He, short form
OTcyxcTBire na 3aimTirnx 60J163- OHHTCH, 6nbiTn|a, -o, -H
Hbio. He tried to justify his 1. experienced. Oiihthhh pa66 infi. l

absence from the lessons by his An experienced worker. OnHT-

illness. HLiii pyKOBOAHTeJib. An experi-
<> OnpaBAbieaTb Aoeepne (Koro- enced leader. Odhthbih npenojja-
jih6o). To justify (somebody* s) con- BaTeJib. An experienced teacher.
fidence. 2. only complete form experimental.
OnPE^EJIEHHE definition
neut. OntiTHan pa6oTa. Experimental
ToHuoe onpeAeJienne. An exact defi- work. OnuTiian ceJibCK0X03nncT-
nition. MeTKoe oupeAeJieHiie. A BeHHafl CTaHiina:. An experimen-
precise definition. flaTb onpe^eJie- tal agricultural station.
Hiie. To give a definition. On#TB adv. again
OnPE#EJlEHH|Mii, -an, -oe, -He CeroAHH ouhtb njioxan noroAa.
1. definite., OnpeAeJieniiLin otb6t. We are having bad weather again
A
definite answer. today.
2.certain. OnpesejieHHEifi nopa^on. OVTAll m.
A
certain order. 1. organ. Opranw -pemi. The organs
OnPEflEJIliTB see OnPEftEJIJlTB of speech. Opran cjryxa. The or-
OnPE^EJlHiTB, -10, -erab, -iot imp. gan of hearing. OpraHH jinxa-
qTO? / p. onpeAe^liiTb, -io, -mob, HHH. Respiratory organs.
-HT 2. organ. FocyAapcTBeHHHii opran.
1. to define. OnpcAeJiHTb cBoe ot- An organ of government. IlapTWH-
HomeuHe k coSmthhm. To define Hbie opraiiH. Party organs. Op-
one's attitude towards events. raiiH miijiiiiiuil Militia organs.
2. to determine. OnpeAeJiaxb BeJin- 3. organ. Fasera «H3BecTira» op- —
mwf. To determine a quantity. ran II p 03 hah y Ma BepxoBHoro
OnpeflejiHTb yroji. To determine GoBeTa GGGP. The newspaper
an angle. Izvcstia is the organ of the
opr 87 OCE

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet GeJILCK0X03HHCTBeHHBie opyAHH.

USSR.
of the Agricultural implements.
OPrAHH3AIJIIH /. 2. gun. ApTKJiJiepMcE<oe opyane.
1. no pi. organisation. OpraHH3auiiH Piece of ordnance.
Benepa. Organisation of an OP^HHE neut., no pi.
enening- party . OpraHH3ariKH pa- 1. weapon. CoBpeMennoe op3' JKne. r

66th. Organisation of work. Op- A modern weapon.

raHH3amiH aKcneflHirHii. Organi- 2. fig, weapon. IleHaxB Morynee —
sation of an expedition. opV/Kne. The press is a mighty
2. organisation. IlapxiiHHaH opra- weapon.
HH3annH. A party organisation. OCBAHBA|Tt>, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
IIpo(|)Coi63HaH opraHH3au,HH. A iT0?/p. ocbo|stb, -nnrb, -ht to
t -io,

trade-union organisation. master

OcBonxb iioBbie mcxoah paSoxn.
OPFAHII3|OBATb, -yio, -yernb, -yiox
To master new methods of work.
imp. & p.k o r 6? h t o?
OcBanBaTb iioBtie 3eMJin. To bring
1. to organise. OpranH30Baxb 3K-
new land under cultivation. Ocbo-
CKypcino. To organise an excur-
iixbhobliu cxaHOK. To learn to use
sion. Opranii30BaTb Benep caMO-
a new machine-tool.
AeflTeJibHOCTH. To organise an
amateur concert.
OCBETflTB see OCBEE0[ATT>
OCBEIIJAjTk, -io, -emb, -px
imp.
2. to plan. OpraHH30BaTt pa66-
xy. To plan work. OpraHH30Baxb
koto? i t o? / p. ocBejTHTB, -my,
-XMBXb, -TAX to light
cBoe BpeMH. To plan one's time.
HacxoJiBHan JiaMna xopomo ocBe-
OPftEH m., pi. -a order rnaex cxoji. A desk-lamp lights the
Harpa£HTB opaeHOM. To award an
order. IIoJiyiHXB 6pA e n. To receive OCBOEOflftTB see OCBOEOMflATB
an order. OCBOEOflflTLCH see 0CBGE03K-
OPEJI m., gen. opJia eagle HATBGH
OPEX m. nut OCBOBO^HA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
Kpyiratie opexn. Large nuts. MeJi- koto? it o? o x koto? oi He-
Kiie opexn. Small nuts. JlecHLie ope- ro?/ p. ocboSoIaitxb, ->Ky, -Rmmh,
xii. Hazel nuts. KoKocoBbie opexn. -AHT
Coco-nuts. TpenKPie opexn. Walnuts. 1. to free. Ocbo6oahti> napoA^ ot
Kojiotb opexii. To crack nuts. pa6cTBa n yrnexeHHH. To free the
peoples from slavery and oppres-
OPKECTP m. orchestra
sion.
GitM$OHHHecKHH opKecxp. A sym-
2. to vacate. Ocbo6oamxb Mecxo.
phony orchestra. OpKecrp no# ynpas-
To vacate a place.
JienneM AftpH^epa MpaBiniCKoro.
An orchestra conducted by Mravin
OCBOEO>KAA|TBCH T
-iocb, -eratcfl,
-ioxgk imp. ot koto? ox He-
sky. OpnecTp ncnoJinaeT 5-yio chm-
ro? & without an object / p. ocbo-
(foHiiio ^IaiiKOBCKoro. The orchestra
6o|ahtbch, ->Kyct, -AnmbCfi, -rhtch.
is playing Tchaikovsky's 5th sym-
1. to free oneself. OcBo6oABTBCfl ot
phony. KonnepT AJiH (^opxennaHO c
rnexa, ox pa6cTBa. To free one-
opKeCTpoM. A
concerto for piano and
self from oppression, from slavery.
orchestra.
2. to get free. H ocbo6oahjich ce-
OPOCflTk see OPOHIATB roAHH b 6 nacoB. / was free at 6
OPOlHAITb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. o'clock today.
mo? /p. opojcHTt, -my, -cumb, 3. to become vacant. Mecxo 3a cto-
-cht to irrigate jiom ocbo6oahjiocb. The seat at
OpomaTB cxenii. To irrigate the the table became vacant.
steppes. OCBOHTB see OCBAHBATb
OPyflHE neut. OCEHH|HH, -Ha, -ee, -ne autumn
1. implement. OpyAnn nporrsBOA- OceHHHH aghb. An autumn day.
CTBa. Implements of production. Ocennee na.xBxo. An autumn coat.
OCE 88 OCT

OCEHB /., no pi. autumn OCHOBBIBA|TB, -io, -etnb, -iot imp.

3oJioTan ocenb. A
golden autumn, t o? / p. ocH|OBaTb, -yio, -yerab,
xi

II63ftHtfH ocenb. Late autumn. -yiOT

OCEHMO adv. Korp?
in autumn 1. to found. OcnOBaTb ropoA- To
Oceiibio s^ecb nacTO havt rotkru. found a city. OcnOBaTb ynnBep-
It often rains here in autumn, cht6t. To found a university.
OCKOPELITB see OCKOPEJItfTB 2. to base. Ha h£m bli ocnoBbiBae-
OCKOPEJl£|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. Te Bame MHeune? What do you
KOTO? T 0? rI G M.?/ />. OCKOplSllTb, base your opinion on?
-6jii6, -6rirub, -6ht to insult OCOE EHHOCTB /. peculiarity
OcKopoiiTb qejiOBena. To insult a Oc66eHHOCTH pa6oTbi. Peculiarities
person. Baffin cjiOBa Menn rjxy6oKo of a work. Xy ao >k ecT Benn tie oco-
0CK0p6itJin. Your words were a grave SennocTU poMana. The artistic pe-
insult to me. culiarities of a novel. Oc66eHHOCTH
xapaKTopa aToro ^eJioBena. The
OCJIABHTB see OCJIAEJI#TB
man's
peculiar features of that
0CJ1AB J3 >1 1 TI>, -io, -emb, -iot imp,
character.
k o r 6? xi t o?/p. ocjia|6iiTb, -6jiio,
<> B ocoSeniiocTit. In particular.
-6nnib, -6ht
1. to weaken. Bojieanb ocJia6iuia
OCOB EHH|blK, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
oc66eiiHO
ero oprann3M. The illness had
1. particular, especial. OcoSennnii
weakened his organism-.
yenex HMeJio BHCTynjienne mo-
2. fig. to relax OcjiaSmb BiniManne.
jioaoh neBnnbi. The perform-
To relax attention.
ance of the young singer was par-
OCMATPHBA|TB, -io, imp.
-eras, -iot ticularly successful.
K O r 6? IT 0?/p, OCMOTpeTb, OCMOT- 2. peculiar, y
nee KaKoii-TO oco-
ptO, OCMOTpiIfflb, OCMOTpHT 6eHHLiii koctiom. She wears a
1. to see. OcMaTpiiBaTb MV3en, somewhat unusual costume.
BhiCTaBKn, KapTiinti. To see mu- OCTA|BATBCH, -loci,, -embca, -K)Tcfl
seums, exhibitions, pictures. imp.jp. 0CTa|TbCH, -nycb, -nernbCH,
2, to examine. Bpa*i ocMOTpeJi 6ojib- -nyTCfl
noro. The doctor examined the 1. to remain. ndcJie oKonniniiH
patient. HHCTHTyTa H OCTaJICH" B pOAHOM
OCMOTPETB see OCMATPHBATB ropOAe. On graduating from
the
OCHOBA /. institute I remained in na- my
1. basis. Ochobou ^oKJia^a 6lijih tive town.
c66cTBeiiHbie BnenaTJiennn aBTO- 2. to remain. On o^eiib H3Menuji-
pa. The report was based on the cn, TOJibKO rJia3a ocTajincb
author's own impressions. npe)KHHMH. He has changed a lot,
2. only pi. fundamentals. Gchobbi only his eyes are still the same.
reoJionrn. Foundations of geology. 3. to be left. Oh ocTajicn ciipoToii.
<0> Ha ociione onwia. On the basis
He
was left an orplian. Mena V
of experience. ocTaJiocb 10 pyoJien. / have
OCHOBATEJIB m. founder 10 roubles left. J^eTH ocTa-
OcHOBaTeJib yqeiniH, Teopnn, nay- Jiiicb 6e3 pOAHTeJieii. The child-
M. The founder of a teaching, theo- ren were left without parents.
ry, science. OcuoBaTejib ropo#a. <> OcTaTbCfl b /KHbmx. To remain
The 'founder of the city. alive. OcTaBaTbca npn cuoeM arae-
OCHOBA TB see OCHOBBIBATB mm. To remain of the sam.e opin-
OCHOBH|0S, -an, -oe, -lie cardinal, ion.
basic OCTABHTB see OCTABJItfTb
Ochobhoh Bonpoc Me>KAyHap6flH0H OCTABJI#|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
oScTaHOBKH. The main problem of K r 6? T O? / p. 0CTa|BHTb, -BJII0,
l
I
the international situation. B ochob- -BHDIt, -BHT
hom bm npaBH. On the whole you 1. to leave. OcraBHTb TeTpaflb j.\6-
are right. Ma. To leave a copy-book at home.
OCT 89 ocy

2. to leave. Oh ocTaBHJi jxpfry 3a- In

his lecture the professor dealt
nncKy. He left a note for his with
the problems of modern
friend, technology.
3. to leave. MaTb ocTaBHJia h6jiokh 4. tO put Up. OcTaHOBHTbCH B TOO
AJia AeTen. The mother left the THHHiie. To put up at a hotel.
apples for her children. OCTAHOBflTB see OCTAHABJ1II-
4. to leave. OcTaBHTb poahoh aom. BATb
To leave one's home. OCTAHOBflTBCH see OCTAHABJIH-
5. to leave alone (only imper.). Oc- BATBCH
TaBb pe6enKa, ne Tporaii ero! OCTAHOBjl^A / gen. pi -ok
Leave the child alone, don't touch 1. stop. CAeJi Tb ocTanoBKy. To
him! stop.
OCTAJlbHIOS, -an, -oe, -He 2. pause. FoBopRTb 6e3 ocTaHOBim.
1. (the) rest. B iiioJie CTyAeHTH To speak without stopping.
6 turn b ao Me OTALixa, ocraJib- 3. stop. ABTooycnatf ocranoBKa. A
nyio nacTt KaniiKyji ohm npo- bus stop. Ha ocxanoBKe CToa.ua
Bejni b TypwcTCKOM noxoAe. In rpynna CTyAeHTOB. There was a
July the students were at a rest- group of students at the stop.
-home, the rest of their holidays KoHeqnaH oCTanoBKa. A termi-
they spent hiking. 9to h6jio- nal. BaM na ao exaTb 5 ocTano-
ko ocTasb mhc, a ocTaJiLHLie bok. You must get off at the
boslmh ce6e. Leave that apple sixth stop. HaM cxoA«Tb na cjie-
for me, and take the rest. AyionieH ocTanoBKe. We get off
2. used as n., pi. the rest. c Mh at the next stop.
IlaBJiOM npnmJiii b 6 nacoB, oc-
OCTATBCH see OCTABATBCH
TaJibHhie n03AHoe. Pavel and I
OCTOPOHiHIBIII, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
came at 6 o'clock; the rest came
form ocropoJKeH, 0CT0p6>Kii|a, -0,
later.
-h; adv. ocropoJKHO careful
0CTAHABJ1HBA|TB, -10, -erab, -iot OcTop6>KHHH HeJiOBeK. A careful
imp. koto? iTO?/p. ocTa]HOBKTb,
-HOBHT
person. Oh
ocxop6>KHO nocTaBnji na
-HOBJIIO, -HOBIinib,
ctoji Ba3y c riBeTaMH. He put the
1. to stop. OcTaHOBiiTt 6erymero vase of flowers on the table carefully.
HeJiOBeKa. To stop a running
Ocrop6>KHo! Take car el Be careful!
man. OcTaHOBHTb nde3A cTon-
OCTPOB m., pi -a island
KpanoM. To stop the train with
the emergency brake. OcTanoBHTb OCTPOYMHILIM, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
pa6oTbi, To cease work. form ocxpoyMen, 0CTp0VMH|a, -o,

2. to rest. OcTanoBHTb B3rJiHA -li; adv. ocTpoyMHO witty

Ha KapTime. To rest ones gaze OcTpoyMHHH qejiOBeK. A witty
on a picture. person. ct poy mhlih otb6t. A witty
Oh He 3naji, na qeM ocxanoBHTb answer.
3. :

BLi6op. He didn't know

cboh OCTPjBIfi, -an, -oe, -He, short form
fix his choice on.
what to ocTep, ocTpa, 6cTp|o, -li
OCTAHABJIHBAITBCH, -roc*, -ein&CH, 1. sharp. OcxpLiH hojk. A sharp
-10TCH imp. rfle?/p. ocxaiHOBHTbCH, knife.
-HOEJIIOCb, -HOBHinbCH, -hobhtch 2. fig. keen, sharp. OcTpoe 3pemie.
1. to stop. BApyr noe3A
ocTaHOBnji- Keen eyesight. OcTpbiii yu. A
ca. The train suddenly stopped. sharp wit.
2. to stop working. GTanoK ocTa- 3. fig. sharp. OcTpaH 6ojil. A sharp
HOB'JJICH II3-3a Toro, TITO He pain.
6lijio 9JieKTp03HeprHii. The 4. pungent. Octplih coyc. A
fig.,
machine-tool slopped working be- pungent sauce.
cause of a power failure. <> Ooxoahti. oeTpwe yr.nbt. To
3. fig. to deal. Ilpo^eccop b cBoeii avoid all controversial subjects.
jieKn.HH ocTaHOBMJiCH na npoSjie- OCyiAECTBflTB see OCYIHECTB-
Mar coBpeM9irnoH rexnni\H. r
JI&TL
ocy 90

OCyHJECTBftTBCH see OCyiAECTB- OTBETCTBEHHIMS, -an, -oe, -uc

jmTLCH adv. oTBeTCTBenno responsible
OCynj,ECTBJI>!|TB, -io, -enib, -iot OTBeTCTBeHHBin pa6oTHHK. A res-
imp. iT O?//}. ocyiD;ecT[BtiTb, -bjiio, ponsible worker. OTBeTCTBeHHbin pe-
-bhuiej, -bht to realise AaKTop. The editor-in-chief. 0tb6t-
OcyinecTBJiTb njiaH, Me^Ty, >KeJia- CTBeHHbin 3a pa6oTy. Responsible
Hiie. To realise a plan, one's dream, for the work.
one's wish. OcyrnecTBHTb BJieKTpn- OTBEHA|Tb, -lo, -ernb, -iot imp.jp.
(JlIKaHHIO Hapo^HOrO X03HHCTBa. OTBejTHTb, -ny, -mmt, -tht
To electrify the national economy. 1. h t o? kom
y? Ha ito? to an-
OCy^ECTBJlH|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. swer. OTBeTHTb Apy^Y- To an-
not used, 3rd pers. -eTCfl, -iotch swer one's friend. OTBeTHTb na
imp. I p. ocyiu,eCTB|HTkCfl, 1st & 2nd Bonpoc. To answer a question.
pers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch, OTBeTHTb na niicbMO. To answer
-htch to realise a letter. OTBenaTb ypoK. To say
Hani njian ocyroeCTBHJiCH. Our plan one's lesson.
has been realised, 2. ieM? ii a 6? to return. 0t-
OT (OTO) prep. gen. + Be^iaTb apyjKo'OH na ApyraSy. To
1. from. OTtexarb ot ropOAa. To return somebody's friendship.
go a certain distance from the OTBeTHTb yAapoM na yAap. To
city. YexaTB ot poahlix. To go return blow for blow.
away from one's relatives. Ot 3. neMy? no p. to meet, to satisfy
Mockbh JlemmrpaAa. From 3Ta pa6oTa oTBenaer mohm hh-
Moscow to Leningrad. Ox rpex TepecaM h HseJiaHHHM. This work
AO riHTii. From three to five. satisfies my interests and wishes.
2. from. llojiyqiiTB niictMO ot ot- 4. 3 a h t 6? no p. to be respon-
n;a. To get a from one's
letter sible. OTBeqaTb 3a pa66ry. To
father. YseaTfo hobocth ot to- be responsible for the work.
BapiiiAa. To learn the news from OT^AJBATb, -io, -emt, -iot imp.
one's friend. k o r 6? h t o? kom y? ri e my ? / p.
3. for.Ot BOJiiieniiH oh He Mor cna- OTAaTb, 0TA3M, OTAaiHb, OTAaCT,
3aTB hh CJioBa. He couldn't utter OTflaRHM, OTAaAHTe, oT^asyT, past
a word for excitement. Or paAOCTH. OTAaJi, OTAaJia, 6TAaJi|o, -ii
For joy. Ot CTpaxa. For fear. 1. to return. OTAaTb KHiiry b 6ii-
4. to. Kjiioh ot KOMHaTH. key to A 6JiH0TeKy. To return a book to
a room. the library.
5. from, against. 3aniHTa ot Bpa- 2. fig. to devote. OTAaBaTb nee ch-
ra. Defence against the enemy. jih jiioShmoii pa6oTe. To devote
JleKapcTBo ot rpiinna. medi- A allone's strength to the work one
cine for the 'flu. likes.OTAaTb >KH3Hb 3a poAHHy.
<> Ot Rymn. Sincerely. Ot Bcero To give up one's life for one's
cep^u;a. With all one's heart. Ot country.
HMenii Koro-JiHO'o. On some- OTflATb see OTflABATB
body's behalf. OTflEJIbH|blS, -an, -oe, -He sepa-
OTB ET m. rate
1. answer. HanncaTb otb<3t. To OTAeJibHan KBapxnpa. A separate
write an answer. J^aTB otb6t. To flat.OTAeJibiiaa KoMHara. A sepa-
give an answer. Otb6t na micb- rate room.
mo. An answer to a letter. OTflOXHYTb see OT^blXATb
2. answer. Xopomnn otb6t yneHH- OTflblX m., no pi. rest
Ka na ypoKe. The pupil's good ITpaBO na otabix. The right to rest.
answer at a lesson. JleTHHH otahx. Summer holidays.
3. solution. Otbgt 3aAa^n. The so- <> #om OTAbixa. A
rest-home.
lution of a problem. IIpaBiiJib- OTftMXAITb, -10, -erab, -iot imp.
hhh otb6t. A correct solution. rAe?/p. 0TA0XH|yTb, -y, -erab, -yr
OTBETHTb see OTBEHATb to rest
OTE 91 OTJI

JlexoM mm
OTAbixaJin ua 6eper3' <> OTKpwTb AMepiiKy. To say
Mopa canaxopim, b ,a;6Me ox/ili-
(b something which everyone already
xa). In summer^ we rested at the knows. Cf. Queen Ann is dead.
seaside (in a sanatorium, in a rest- OTKPbIBA|TbCH, 1st and 2nd pers.
home). IlocJie o6eAa mli oxftbixaeM. not 3rd pers. -excH, -iotch
used,
We have a rest after dinner. imp.jp. oxKpbiXbCH, 1st and 2nd pers.
OTjEH m., gen. -na father not used, 3rd pers. oxKpofexcn,
OTE^ECTBEHHjblll, -as, -oe, -Lie ~ioxcn
home 1, to open. OxKpbiJiocb okho. The
ToBapw OTeqecTBeHHoro nponsBOA- window opened.
ctb8.Home-made goods. 2. to open. CxoaoBaa oxKpbiBaexca
<> OTetiecTiiennaH boh Ha. A pa- b 8 lacoB. The dining-hall
triotic war. opens at S o'clock.
OTE^IECTBO neut. fatherland
OTKPblTIIE neut.
OTKA3ATbCH see OTRA3 bIB ATbCH 1. no pi. inauguration, opening.
OTKA3bIBA|TbCH, -iocb, -eiiibca, -iox- OxKpbixne HoBoro
niicxiixyxa.
cji imp. ox koto? ox Hero? The inauguration of a new insti-
& -\~ inj.jp. OXKa3aTLCH, OTKa>KVCB, tute. OxKpbixiie BbicxacKii. The
OTKa>KeinbcH, oxKibisyxcn
opening of an exhibition.
1. to refuse. Oh oxKasajica BtinoJi-
2. discovery. Hayniioe oxKpbixne.
HHTfc npiiKa3. He refused to car-
ry out the order.
A scientific discovery. OxKpbi-
xim b 66Jiacxn c{)ii3HKir. Discov-
2. to refuse, to decline, to give
eries in the field of physics.
up. Oh oTKasaJicH ox ^eaer. C^eJiaxb oxKpBixne. To make a
He refused to take the money. discovery.
OxKasaxLca ox cbohx cjiob. To
OTKPbIT|KA -ok postcard
/., gen. pi.
go back on one's words. Ox-
KasaTtcff ox npiirjiaineHiin. To
Ilo^xoBaa oTKpwTKa. postcard. A
IlocJiaxb oxKpwxKy. To send a post-
decline an invitation. OxKa3axb-
card. IloJiyqrixb oxKpbixKy. To re-
ca ox cbohx npaB. To give up
ceive a postcard. rio3ApaBrixejibHaa
one's rights^
oxKpbixKa. A postcard of congratu-
OTKPOBEHHI bIH -an, ~oe,
, -we,
lation.
short form oTKpOBeuen, oxKpoBennla,
OTKP£lT|Hf!, -an, -oe, -we
-o, -w; adv. oxKpoBeHHO frank
1. open. OxKpbVraa Mecxnocxb. Open
OxKpoBeHHbiii pa3rob6p. A frank
country.
conversation. FoBOpiixb OXKpoBeH-
ho. To speak frankly.
2. fig. frank. OxKpbixoe nm\6. A
frank face.
OTKPblBAjTb, -io, -erat, -iox imp.
OTKpHToe Mope. The open sea.
<>
HTO?/p. oxKpbixb, oxKpo|io, -enib,
-xox
OxKpbiToe iiiictMo. An open letter.
Uojx OTKpbixbiM He6oM. In the open
1. to open. OxKpbixb jiBepb. To
air.
open a door. OxKpbixb qeMOflaH.
To open a suit-case. OxKpbixb
OTKPblTb see OTKPblBATb
KHnry. To open a book. OxKpbixb OTKPblTbCH see OTKPblBATbCH
rJia3a. To open one's eyes. OTK^A adv. where from
2. to open. OxKpnxb hobhh Mara- OxKyjja bli npiiexaJin? Where did
3i'm, HOByio CTOJioByio. To open you come from? OxKy^a bh bxo
a new shop, a new dining-hall. 3Haexe?How do you know that? H
3. to open. Otkplitb BucxaBKy, 3Haio,OTKy^a xw iiAernb. / know
coSpanne. To open an exhibition, where you are coming from.
a meeting. OTJIH^AjTbCH, -K)Cb, -enibca, -ioxca
4. to discover. OxKpbixb Mecxopo>K- imp. h e m? ox koto? ox iero?
rtenne, iioByio nJianexy, hobbiii to be different
DJieMeHT. To discover a mineral Bam riJian oxjnnaexcH ox jn^pyrnx
deposit, a new planet, a new rJiy6nnoH. Your plan differs from
element. the others by its profundity.
OTJI 92

OTJIflHHO adv. 2. no pi. relation. 3to ne HMeeT ko

1. excellently, very well. Bbi ot- MHe OTHomeHHH. It has nothing
jihheo 9to snaeTe. You know it to do with me.
very well. 3. only pi. relations. flpy>KecKHe
2. used as n. Vmmcn Ha «0TJiifa- OTHomeHHH. Friendly relations.
H0». To get only excellent marks. ^HnJiOMaTifaecKiie OTHomeHHH
IIoJiywTb no pyccKO-
((Otjih^ho)) Me>K^y CTpanaMH. Diplomatic
My H3HKy. To an excellent
get relations between countries.
ycTa-
mark in Russian. IIocTaBHTb hobhtb (pa3opeaTB) jiHnjioMaTH-
ytieHHKy «OTJit'i riHO». To give a necKHe OTHomeHHH. To establish
pupil an excellent mark. (to break off) diplomatic relations.
OTMET1KA /., gen. pi. -ok mark <>BblTb C KeM-JIH6o C KaKHX-JIH-
H r-ixymiji xopomyio OTMeTKy no 6o OTHOnieHHflX. To be on (some-
pyc o:\OMy h3hk}^ / got a good sort of) terms with somebody.
mark in Russian. OTHflTb see OTHHMATb
0THEC7M see OTHOCfiTB OTOSTfl see OTXO^flTb
OTHECTflCt, see OTHOCfiTBCH OTIIPABHTb see OTIIPABJItfTB
OTHHMA|Tb, -emL, -iot imp.
-io f
OTIIPABHTBCH see OTIIP AB JliJ Tb-
koto? t y koto? y h e-
"i o? CH
r6?/p. OTHHTb, OTHHMy, OTHHMemB, OTIIPABJl£|Tb, -k), -enib, -iot imp.
othhmvt, past othhji, oTHHJija, 6t- koto? it o? k y a a?/ p. 0Tnpa|-
HtfJl|0, -II BHTb, -BJIIO, -BHnib, -BHT to Send
1. to take away, y MaJifcHima 6t- MaTb OTnpaBJiaeT cbma b mKOJiy.
hhjih MH l
i. They took the ball The mother, sends her son to school.
away from the boy. H oTnpaBHJi ^omoh nncbMo (Tejie-
2. to take. Pa3roBop othhji y Me- rpaMMy, nocbiJiKy). / sent a letter
hh Mnoro BpeMenii. The conver- (a wire, a parcel) home.
sation took away a lot of my time. OTIIPABJI#|TbCH, -tocb, -embCH,
r
3. to subtract. Ot #ecHTH othbtb -iotch imp. Ky^a?
without an obf.
TpH 6yjzeT ceMb. // 3 is sub- 8c~\-inf./p. OTnpa| BnTbCH, -BJiiocb r
tracted from 10 the answer is 7. -BEDILCH, -BHTCH
OTHOCfiTb, OTHomy, othochihb, ot~ 1. tO gO. IloCJie 3aHHTHH MLI OT-
hocht imp. hto? Ky^a? ko- npaBHJiHCb ryJifiTb. After the
uy?/p. OTHeclTif, -y, -eniL, -y-r, past lessons we went for a walk. Mli
oTnec, 0THecji[a, -6, -it to take ompa bh jihcb b napK. We went
(to some place) to the park. OTnpaBHTbca b nyTL.
H othSc khhth b 6n6jiH0TeKy. I To set out.
back to the library.
took the books 2. to leave. UoesR orapaBJineTCH
Mbi othccjih UBeTH npenoflaBaTe- nepe3 10 MHnyT ot 5-h nJiaT-
jik). We took the flowers to the teacher. <£6pMBi. The train leaves in 10
OTHOCflTBCfl, oTHomycL, OTHocnmt- minutes from platform 5.
CH, OTHOCflTCH imp. K a K? K K 0- OTnyCK m. holidays
m y? k neMy?/p. OTHec|TiTC&, -ycb, JTeTHHH OTnyCK. Summer holi-
-emtcH, -yTCH, past 0THecc#, ot- days. MecflTObiH OTnyCK. A month's
Hec;i|acb, -ocb, -neb holiday. IIohth b otdvck. To go on
1. to treat. Xopomo (hjioxo) ot- one's holidays. BepnyTbcn H3 6t-
hochtbch k KOMy-JiH6o. To treat nycKa. To return after one's holi-
somebody well (badly). days. BtiTb b oraycKe (b oTnycKy).
2. no p. to concern. Moei cjioBa ne To be on one's holidays. IIpoBO^HTb.
otbochtch k BaM. words do My oTnycK na lore. To spend one's
not concern you. 3to ne othocht- holidays in the South.
ch k ReJiy. It's beside the point. OTHyCKA|Tb, -io, -em&,^iot imp.
OTHOIHEHITE neut. koto? HTO?/p. OTnycTHTb, OTny-
1 no pi. attitude. Xopomee otho- my, oTnycTHmb, oraycTHT
meHne k jiiorhm. A kind attitude 1. to let go. MaTb ne oTnycnaJia
to people. peSenna ot ce6fl. The mother
oth 93

did not let her child go away 2. ot qero? to deviate. Otctv-

from her. naxb ot npaBHJi, ot hopmbi. To
2. to let go. Oh otuvcthji moio py- deviate from the rules, the norm.
He
kv. let go of my hand. OTCTyilflTBsee OTCTyilATb
OTHyCTfiTb see OTIiyCKATB OTCyTCTB|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -viot
OTPA5KEHHE neut. imp. to be absent
1. no pi. reflection. OrpajKeHiie OTcyTCTBOBaTL na ypone no 6o-
CBera. The reflection of light. jie3Ha, no yBajKiiTejiBHon npHHH-
2. reflection. yBHA eT b cBoe orpa- ne. To be absent from the lesson
7rqh.hq b 3epKaJie, rJia^KOH no- owing to illness, for good reasons.
BepxHOCTH boah. To see one's Oh oTcyxcTBOBaji 3 Mecana. He
reflection in a mirror, on the was absent for 3 months.
smooth surface of the water. OTCiOflA ado. from here
3. fig. no pi. reflection. Bee 3to OTciOAa BiiAHa bch Mockbel One
Hanuio OTpajKeinie b ero KHwre. can see the whole of Moscow from
All this was reflected in his book. here. OTCiOAa xopomo cjilihiho. You
4. philos. no pi. reflection. Teopiin can hear well from here. He yxoflir
OTpaHceHHH. The theory of reflec- OTCFOAa. Don't go away from here.
tion. OTT^A adv. from there
OTPE3ATB see PE3ATB, 2 B 3aJie nrpaJi opKecTp, QTTyAa
cjiLimaJica CMex, 3ByKH necen. An
OTVftR m. detachment orchestra was playing in the hall,
IlHOHepcKHH OTpaA- A Young Pio-
from which came laughter and
neer detachment. IIapTH3aHCK]iH ot-
pHA. A
guerrilla detachment.
songs. Bhi 6hjih b khho? #a, mh —
ha<3M OTTyAa. "Have you been to
OTCTAlBATb, -k>, imp.
-emb, -iot
the cinema?"
l

Yes, we are coming

t koto? o t h e r 6? or without
from there."
an obf.jp. OTCTa|Tb, -ny, -Hemb, -hvt
OTXOftflTB, OTXo?Ky, OTXoAnmb, ot-
1. to lag behind. Oh ineji MeflJieH-
xoaht imp. ot koto? ox ne-
HO U CKOpO OTCTaJI OT TOBapiI-
•vo?/p. otoh|th, -Ay, -j$m.h, -AyT,
meH. He walked slowly and soon past oTomeji, OTOmJiia, -6, -h
he fell behind his friends.
2. colloq. to miss. Ha OAHoii ocTa-
1. to go away. Mm
otoiujih ot Ma-
ra3nna naHecKOJibKO maroB.
noBKe a oTCTaji ot noe3Aa. At We went a few steps away from,
one stop I missed my train.
the shop.
3. to fall behind. H mhoto 6oJieJi
2. to leave. n6e3A otxoaut b 6 *ia-
it OTCTaji ot rpynne. / was ill
cob. The train leaves at 6
for a long time and I fell be-
o'clock.
hind my group. Otct&tl ot >Kii3~
CT IECTB0
L neut. patronymic
hh. To lag behind life. Ha30BitTe Bame ma, ot^cctbo h
4. to be slow. HacM OTCTaioT na Give your name, patro-
(JjaMHJiHio.
10 MHHyT. The watch (clock) is nymic and surname.
10 minutes slow.
OTT>E3,n; m., no pi. departure
OTCTAJI! bill, -an, -oe, -Lie backward OT-be3A na3Ha<ien na 6 nacoB. The
OTcraJiaa CTpana. A backward coun- departure is fixed for 6 o'clock. B
try. OTCTaJI tie B3rJiHAt>i. Backward AeHb orte^Aa^ On the day of de-
views. parture.
OTCTATb see OTCTABATB On>E3>KA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
OTCTyiIA|TI>., -io, -eras, -iot imp. p. OTtexaTB, OTi>eA|y. -emb, -yx to
1 p. OTCTyniiTb, OTCTynJiio, otctv- drive off
nHrnb, oTCTynaT Mamtma oxbexajia ot AoMa h csep-
1. to retreat, BoiicKa OTCTyniiJin. nyjia na mocce. The car drove away
The troops have retreated. fig. |
from the house and turned on to the
He oTCT-ynaHTe nepeA TpyAHOc- higJuvay.
thmh. Don't give in in the face OTBfiXATB see 0TBE3JKATB
of difficulties. Oa)HE(EP m. officer
OOH 94 IIAJI

0<PHmiAJIBH|I>IH, -an, -oe, -ue; anobf.jp. oniH6|HTbCfl, -ycb, -embctf>

adv. o$HD,HaJitHo -yxcH, past omn6cH, omn6ji|acb
1. official. O^imnajiBHoe 3anBjie- -ocb -neb to make a mistake
}

Hiie. An official statement. 0$h- CTyfteHT omaScfl npn pemenim 3a-

n;Haji&HHii bhsht. An official AaHH. The student made a mistake
visit. 0$Hii;iiaJibHoe Jnm;6. An in solving the problem. KoncTpyK-
official. Top 0inii6cH b paciexax. The
2. official,formal. 0<{>imHajiMHH designer made a mistake in his calcu-
H3HK. An official language. 0$n- lations. R omn6cH b mo§m TOBapn-
nnaJibnoe npiirjiainenne. A for- nie. / was disappointed in my
mal FoBopiiTb 0(J)iin;H-
invitation. friend. H omn6ajiCH, KorAa AyMaJi o
aJibHBiM tohom. To speak in an Te6e nJioxo. / was wrong when
official manner. I thought badly of you. TjiyGoKo
OXOTA /., no pi. hunting omii6aTbCH. To be greatly mistaken.
Blitb na oxotg. To hunt. yqactBO- OffiHEftTbCH see OniHBATLCH
BaTb b oxotc To take part in a OHI0B|KA gen.
/., pi -ok mistake
hunt. Hjith na oxoTy. To go hunt- rpy6an gross mistake.
oniii6Ka. A
ing. OxoTa na bojikob. Wolf-shoot- GASJiaTb onntSKy. To make a mis-
ing. OxoTa c co6aKaMir. A chase. take. IIiicaTb c oiini6KaMH\ To make
OXOTHHK m. hunter mistakes in writing. HcnpaBJiflTb
OXOTHO adv. readily, willingly omn6KH. To correct mistakes. C#e-
H oxotho corjiamaiocb c BaMH. / JiaTb HTo-nn6yAb no omiiSKe. To
readily agree with you. do something by mistake. ripu3HaTb
OXPAH#|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. cboio onin6Ky. To admit one's mis-
koto? hto? ot ko r 6? ot q e- take. Co3naTbCH b cBoeii oniHSKe.
r 6? to guard To confess one's mistake.
Oxpanaxb sflamie. To guard a build-
ing.OxpaHHTb rpaniiuy. To guard
the frontier.
n, it

OHEHb adv. very; very much IIAflA|Tt>, -10, -enib, -iot imp. k y-
O^enb KpacMBHH napK. A very fla?/p. yna|CTb, -ay, -jx'ewh, -j\yT,
beautiful park. H o^enb hjioxo no- past ynaJi, -a, -0, -h
HHMaio no-pyccKH. / understand 1. to fall. Ocenbio jihctbh naAaiOT
Russian very badly. Ha ae^ep C£ e peBbeBHa 3eMJiio. In autumn
npnmJio orient mhoto napoAy. leaves fall from the trees to the
Inhere were very many people at ground.
the evening-party. Mne omghl npa- 2. fig.to drop. K yTpy xeMnepa-
BHxcn 3T0T (J)HJibM. / like, this film Typa y 6oJibHoro ynajia. By the
very much. morning the patient's tempera-
O^EPEfflb /., gen. pi. -efi ture had dropped.
1. queue. Ctohtb b o^epeAH. To nAJIEU; m., gen. naJibua finger, toe
stand in a queue. Oiepejjb 3a 6h- fljiHHHHe Long fingers.
najibrrbi.
JieTaMH. A queue for tickets. BoJibmon naJien;. The thumb. Vkr-
2. turn. 3aTejibHbin najien,. The forefinger.
<> CAejxaTb b nepeyio o^iepejib. To IIoKa3biBaTb naJibrieM. To point
do in the first place. B cbgio with the finger.
6 iiepeflb. In its turn. <> CMOTpeTb iia ^TO-JIH6o CKB03b
OHflCTMTL see HflCTHTb, 2 najibn,i>r. To close one's eyes to
O^Klfi no sing., gen. -6b spectacles something. 3naTb *rro-Jirt6o Kan
HocHTb oqKii. To wear spectacles. cboh nflTb naJibn;eB. To have
^ejiOBeK B OHKax. A man in spec- something at one's finger-tips.
tacles. TeMHbie o^KH. Sun-glasses. IIAJI|KA gen. pi. -ok stick
H njioxo Bibny 6e3 ohkob. / see OnnpaTbCH na riaJiKy. To lean on a
badly without spectacles. stick. JIbrjKHbie naJiKH. Ski sticks
;
OfflIlEA|TbCH, -iocb, -embca, -iotch #ejiaTb hto-jih6o H3-no3 naji-
imp. b kom? B lieM? or without kh. To do something under the lash.
HAJI 95 TIAX

IIAJIBTO neut., indecl. overcoat II APHKM AX EPCK AH | /., gen . -oh,

3HMHee najibTo. A winter overcoat. pi. -ne
HaflesaTb najiBTo. To put on an MyjKCKaa napHKMaxepcKan. Bar-
overcoat. CnHMa-rb najibTo. To take ber's shop. HeHCKaa napHKMaxep-
off an overcoat. PyjiHTb 6e3 najib- CKan. Hairdressing saloon.
to. To take a walk without an over- IIAPK m. park
coat on. TopoKCKOH napK. A city park. Ty-
IlAMHTHHK m. jihtb b napne. To take a walk in
1, komy? h e m y? monument. the park. Xo#HTb no naptty. To
IlaMHTHHK nymKHHy. A monu- walk about in the park.
ment to Pushkin. nAPOXOA m. steamship
2. qero? monument. IlaMHTHHK IIacca>KHpcKHH napoxoA- pas- A
apxiiTeKTypLi. A monument of sengersteamer. Pennon napoxoft.
architecture. A river steamer. ITJibiTb (exaTb) na
IIAMflTB /., no pi. napoxo^e. To sail on a ship.
1. memory. V nee njioxaa naMHTb. IIAPTEP [-T3-] m. the stalls and
She has a poor memory. the pit (in a theatre, etc.)
2. memory. naMHTb o Tex ^hhx Mecxo b napTepe. A
place in the
HHKor^a ne HC<ie3HeT. The mem- stalls. Cn^eTb b napTepe. To sit in
ories of those days will live the stalls. KynuTb 6iuieT b napTep.
for ever. To buy^ a ticket for the stalls.
O IIoAapHTb tit6-jih6o Koaiy-JiH- IIAPTH3AH m., gen. pi. napTii3an
6o Ha naMHTfo. To give something guerrilla
to somebody as a keepsake. IIo:iy- BO BpeMH BOHHH MOM 6paT 6hlJl
^HTb hto-jih6o ot Koro-JiH6o na napTH3anoM. During the war my
naMHTb. To get something from some- brother was a guerrilla.
body as a keepsake. V^UTTb Ha IIAPTH3AHCK|IlH, -an, -oe, -ne guer-
naMHTb. To learn by heart. rilla
riAIIA m. daddy fIapTH3aHCKoe ABH/Kenne. The guer-
nAnHPOCA /. cigarette rilla movement. riapTH3aHCKHH
KpenKne namipocbi. Strong ciga- OTpnii,. A guerrilla detachment.
KypHTb nannpocy. To smoke
rettes. IIAPTMH|I>lil, -an, -oe, -He party
a cigarette. IlapTriHHoe co6panne. A party meet-
IIAP m., pi. -u vapour ing. napTHiiHKEH 6hji6T. A party
Water vapour, npn
BoflHiioii nap. membership card.
TeMnepaType 100 rpa^ycOB LJejibCiin IIAPTHH /. party
Bo/ia npeBpamaeTCH b nap. At a ^JieH napTHH. A member of the
temperature of 100° C. water turns party. BcTynuTL b napTHio. To join
into vapour. the party.
IIAPA /. nACMyPHIblH, -an, -oe, -He dull,
1. pair. ITapa Ty$eub. A pair of shoes. gloomy
2. B 3aJie TaHneBajio He-
couple. IlacMypHHH nenb. A dull (gloomy)
ckojibko nap. Several couples day.
were dancing in the hall. MoJio- IIACCAJKflP m. passenger
naa napa. A young couple. B Kyne 6hjio qeTbipe nacca/Kiipa.
IIAP A 3 m. parade There were four passengers in the
BoeHHHH napa/i. A military pa- compartment.
rade. Oii3KyjibTypHbiH napa#. A HATPHOT m.
sports parade. Ehtb Ha napane. 1. patriot. Bopb6a naTpnoTOB 3a
To be on parade. ocBo6o?KAeHne cBoen CTpanH.
IlAP|EHI> m. gen. -hh lad The struggle of the patriots for
t

Tu xopomnii napenbl cKasaJi — the liberation of their country.

oh. "You are a fine lad!" he said. 2. enthusiast. ITaTpnoT CBoero #e~
IIAPHKMAXEP m. barber, hairdresser Jia. An enthusiast for a cause.

Pa6oTaTb napHKMaxepoM. To work IIAXATB, namy, namemb, nainyT

as a barber (hairdresser). imp. it o? ^eM?/p. BcnaxaTb,
nAx 96 II EP

Dcnamy, Bcnainemb, BcnamyT nepeBHnoJiHHTb nJian. To overful-

to plough a plan. IlepeBBmoJiHHTb nopwy.
fil
IlaxaTb 3GMJ1K). To plough the To overfulfil the quota.
land. IJEPErHATb see HEPErOHtfTb
IIAXH|yTb, -emb, -vt, past nax
-y, T riEPEPOBOPbl no sing, o qe M ?
-Jia, imp. h e m? to smell
-no, -Jin talks, negotiations
Ayxn npnfiTHO naxHyr. The per- rieperoBopu o Mspe. Peace talks.
fume smells pleasant. impers. Ha \
IleperoBopBi Me>K^y CTpaHaMH.
Jiyry npiiHTHO naxneT cenoM. Negotiations between countries. Bec-
There is a pleasant smell of hay in th neperoBopu c KeM-Jin6o o hcm-
the meadow. m6o. To conduct negotiations with
IIA^IjKA /., gen. pi. -en packet somebody about something. Ilepero-
Ila iiKa caxapa. A packet of sugar. BOptl COCTOHJIHCb b Mock Be. The
na^ma nannpoc. A packet of ciga- negotiations took place in Moscow.
rettes. IIEPErOHtf|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
IIEHCIIH koto? ^to? b Ti e m?/ p. nepe-
/. pension
rnaTb, neperonio, neperonnmb, ne-
nenciiH no arapocTH. An old-age
peroHHT, past nepernaJi, -rnajia,
pension. IIojiyqaTB nencnio. To get
-rnaji|o, -h to overtake
a pension. Bhiitii na nencmo. To
3tot cnopTCMen nepernaJi bccx bo
retire on a pension. Bhtb na neH-
BpeMn copeBHOBannix. This sports-
chh. To be on pension.
man overtook everyone in the com-
IIEIIEJIMIMJA /. ash-tray petition.
IIEPEBECTfl see nEPEBOflllTb IlEPEfl prep. + instr.
HEPEBOA m. 1. in front of. IlepeA okhom. In
1. translation. Tohhhii nepcBOA- front of the window.
An exact translation. G^eJiaTL 2. Before. IlepeA ypoKOM. Before
nepcBOfl. To make a translation. the lesson.
2. transfer. ITepenoA Aener no no 1!- 3. : Mne
ctliaho nepeA BaMH. / feel
Te. A postal order. guilty towards you.
IIEPEBOflllTb, nepeBOJKy, nepeBo- II E PE HA\ B A Tb -io, -emb, -iot imp.
,

AiiinL, nepeBOAnx imp. rx

t o?/ xi t o? k o m y?/p. nepeAaxb, nepe-
p. nepeoelcTH, -Ay, -jjemb, ~A3't, past AaM, nepeAamb, nepeAacT, nepeAa-
nepeBeji, nepeBeJi|a, -6, -h Ahm, nepe^aAHTe, nepeAa/jyT, past
1. to take. llepeBecTii pe6enKa nepeAaji, -a, nepeAaji|o, -h
liepe3 y Jinny. To take a child 1. to give. IlepeAaTb nncbMo Apy-
across the street. ry. To give a letter to a friend.
2. to transfer. nepesecTn AeHbrn no 2. to tell. IlepeAaHTe npnbeT poA-
TeJierpa(J)y. To send money by hltm. Give my regards to your
telegraph. IlepeAan euy, hto h
relatives.
3. to translate. IlepeBecTiT KHiiry c CKopo npHAy. Tell him that I'll
cf>paeny3CKoro H3HKa na pyc- co fiie soon.
CKnfi. To translate a book from 3. to broadcast. IlepesaBaTb koh-
French into Russian. nepr no paAno. To a broadcast
IIEPEBOflHHK m. translator, inter- concert. IlepeAaBaTb nocjieAnne
preter H3BecTHH. To broadcast the news.
llepeBOA^HK c anrjiirncKoro H3HKa. nEPE^ATb see IIEPEJJABATb
An English translator (interpreter). HEPEAAHA broadcast
/.
Ycthhh nepcBoA^nK. An interpret- IlepeAana no paAiio. Radio broad-
er. Pa6oTaTh nepenoA^HKOM. To cast. CJiymaTt nepeAa^iy. To lis-
work as a translator (interpreter). ten to a broadcast.
17 E P E B LI ITO Jl HHTB see IIEPEBbl- nEPE£OB|QM, -an, -6e, -bie
nojiHUTb 1. foremost. IlepeAOBoH paGoHnn.
IIEPEBbinOJlHfJ|Tb, -io, -enib, -k>t A foremost worker.
imp. HTo/p. nepeBHnojiH|iiTb, -io, 2. advanced. riepeAOBan TexnHKa
-limb, -ht to overfulfil Advanced technique.
HEP 97 IIEC

IIEPEE3>K£|Tb, -io, -erat, -iot lectures. CfleJiaxb nepeptiB, To

imp.jp. nepeexaxt, nepee^ly, -eum, have a break.
-y T OOeneHHbiil nepepbiu. A break
1. h e p e 3 h to? or h t o? to cross.
•

for lunch. The dinner hour.

Ilepeexaxb (nepe3) rpanaiiy. To IIEPECAftiKA /. g en p i _ 0K change f .

cross the border. ITepeexaTb (*ie- CAeJiaTb nepecaAKy. To change.

pe3) peKy. To cross the river. ExaTb c nepecaAKaMH, 6e3 nepecaA-
2. o t k y jx a? k y a a? to move. kh. To have to change (trains, etc.),
ITepeexaTb na Hosyio KBapTirpy. not to have io change (trains, etc.).
To move to a new place (of res- II E PE CTAj B ATb , -io, -ein.b, -k>t imp.
idence). ITepeexaTb 113 Mockbh + inf.jp. nepecTa|Tb, -ny, -nenib,
b JTeHirarpaft- To move from -nyT to cease, to stop
Moscow to Leningrad. IIepee3- floJK^b nepecxaJi. The rain has
>KaTb c Mecxa na Mecxo. To keep stopped. PeSeaoK nepecxaJi nJia-
moving from one place to anoth- KaTb. The child stopped crying. Ile-
er. pecxaHbTe pa3roBapHBaxb[ Stop talk-
IIEPEEXATb see riEPEE35KATb ing/
nEPEHTfl see IIEPEXOflftTb IIEPECTATb see HEPECTABATb
HEP EM EHA /. nEPEYJIjOK m gen. -Ka lane, street,

Y3KHH nepeyjiOK. A narrow street.

;
1. change. IlepeMeiia KJiMMaTa. A
change of climate. nEPE^Ofl m. passage, crossing
2. change. B ero mmms. npoii3o- Tl0A3eMHbiii nepexOA- An under-
irijitr Sojibimie nepes-feHLi. Great ground passage. ITepexoA ^lepes
changes took place in his life. yjinn,y. A street crossing.
IIEPEHECTfl see HEPEHOCflTb nEPEXOflfiTB, nepexojKy, nepexo-
nEPEUOCllTb, nepenoiny, nepeno- AHnib, nepexo^fiT imp.jp. nepe&|TH,
ciinib, aepenocKT imp. koto? -Ay. -Aemb, -#yT, past nepemeJi,
hto?/p- nepeHec|TH, -y, -emb, -yx, nepenuija, -6, -A
past ncpenec, nepenecjija, -6, -ir 1. q h p e 3 *i t 6? or ^ t o? to cross.
1. to carry.IlepeHecTH pe6oHKa IlepexoAnxb nepe3 yjiHn,y. To
^epea #opory. To carry the child cross the street. ITepexoAHTb
across the road. IlepeHecTH Benin rpaHHliy. To cross the border.
us oahoh KOMHaTH b APyryio. IlepexoAHTb nepe3 moct. To cross
To carry the things from one a bridge.
room to another, 2. to change. tlepenTH Ha Apyryio
2. to endure. IlepeHecTH THJKeJiyio pa6oTy. To change one's job.
6oJie3Hb. To suffer a serious 3. to pass. Bnacxb nepenuia b pyKH
illness. HapoAa. The power passed into
3. to put off. nepenecTH co6paHne the hands of the people.
ua ftpyroe BpeMH. To put off a IIEP|EBC m. t
gen. -na pepper
meeting to another time. ^lepHHH nepen;. Black pepper. Kpac-
IIEPEIIIICATb see IIEPEIIlJCHBATb Hbiii nepen;. Cayenne pepper. FopbKHH
XIEPEIIflCbXBAlTh, -jo, -emb, -h>t nepen;. Hot pepper. Mhco c nepr^eM.
imp. -q t o? jp. nepeniicaTb, nepe- Meat with pepper.
iramy, nepenniireinb, nepennmyT IIEPO neut., pi. nepbH
to copy 1. feather. Ilepo nTiinH. bird's A
nepeniicaTb Tencx. To copy a text. feather.
IIEPEP&IB m. 2. nib. 3oJiox6e nepo. gold nib, A
1. interval, break. ITepepMB b pa- nEPHATjKH pi, gen. pi. -ok; sing.
6oTe. A break in work. IlocJie nepqaxKa /. gloves
xpexjiexnero nepepHBa ona cho- KojKanbie nep^axKH. Leather gloves.
sa nonura pa6oTaxb. After a three JleTHHe nepqaxKii. Summer gloves.
years' interval she went to work HaAerb nep^aTitn. To put on one's
again. gloves.
2. interval. ITepep&iB Meatfly JieK- HEC(HH /., gen. pi. -en o k 6 m? o
ijjHHMEE. An interval between h e m? song
IIEC 98 IMA

HapoflnaH necHH. A folk song. IleTb 2. pioneer, IiHOiiepH KocMoca. The

necHio o jiio6bii. To sing a love song. pioneers of Space.
IIEC|OK m., gen. -Ka sand raiPOHH|OE neut., gen. -oro fancy
MopcKOH necoK. Sea bottom sand. cake
Mgjikhh necoK. Fine sand. JlejKaTB IlecoHHoe nnpoJKHoe. A shortcake.
Ha necKe. To lie on the sand. ILipoJKHoe c KpeMOM. A cream cake.
<> Caxapnuu necoK. Granulated ^lan c nnpoJKnHM. Tea and cakes.
sugar. KynHTB HeCKOJILKO HHpOJKHLIX. To
IIETb, no|io, -einb, -iot imp. *ito? o buy some cakes.
kom? o *i e m? k o m y?/p. cneTL, niIPO/K|OK m., gen. -na small pie
cno|io, -erab, -iot to sing nMCATEJIB m. writer
IleTb necnio #py3bHM. To sing a IfflCATb, nnmy, nnmemB, nriruyr
song to one's friends. IIcTb c riyB- imp. q t o? kom y? o k 6 m?
ctbom. To sing with feeling. TIctb o *ieM?/p. nanncaTB, nannmy, na-
xopOM. To sing in chorus. nnmemB, nannrnyT to write
IIE^AJIbHIMft, -an, -oe, -tie sad, a) Oh nraneT nncBMo poflHTeJiHM.
melancholy He is writing a letter to his par-
nenaJiBHafl My3BiKa. Sad music. ents.
nenaJiBHoe naCTpoenne. melan- A b) nncaTB cthxh. To write poetry.
choly mood, Ile^aJiBHHe rjiasa. Sad HanncaTB KHnry o jku3hh yqe-
eyes. hbix. To write a book on the life-
nEHATA[TI>, -io, -enib, -iot imp. Oh HanncaJi o tom>.
of scientists.
h t o? / p. nane^aTajTB, -io, -emt, -iot qTo Bii^eJi bo BpeMH nyTemecT-
1. to publish, to print. Hanena- bhh. He wrote about what he saw-
TaTB CTaTbio b jKypHaJie. To pub- on his journey.
lish an article in a magazine. IIHCkMO neut., pi. nncbMa, gen. pl^
2. to typo. Ile^aTaTB na Mammine. nnceM k o m y? letter
To type on a typewriter. noAp66noe hhcbmo. A detailed letter.
HEHATL /. 3aKa3Hoe hhcbmo. A
registered let-
1. lit. & fig. seal, stamp. ter. llocBiJiaTb nncbMO. To send a let-
2. jpress. ter. IIoJiyHHTb nncbMO. To receive a
nEMEIIBE neut., no pi. pastry, biscuits letter. IlnCbMO flpyry. ^ letter to-

Cjra^Koe ne^enbe. Sweet pastry. one' s friend.

Han c ne^enbeM. Tea and biscuits. IIHTL, -emb, -iot, past hhji, oh-
nb|io,
rieneHBe k naio. Tea biscuits. jia, -h imp. h t o? / p. bm-
hhji|o,
IIEIIIKOM adv % on foot nnTL, BLinb|io, -emb, -iot, past bh-
HflTH nemKOM. To go on foot. hhjt, -a, -o, -h to drink
IIHAHflHO neut., indecl. upright IlHTb BOAy. To drink water. BbiniiTb.
piano qamKj'' KO$e. To have a cup of
HrpaTb na miani-ino. To play the coffee.
piano. IIJlABA|TE, -io, -emb, -iot imp. r^e?
IIMBO neut., no pi. beer Kyp? to swim,
to sail
XoJioflnoe niiBO. Cold beer. IlnTB H jiio6jiio nJiaBaTb. / like to swim..
niiBO. To drink beer. KpyjKKa nri- KajK#HH jxeiih oh HJiaBaji na oct-
Ba. A mug of beer. poB. Every day he swam to the is-
nilfl/KAK m., gen. -a jacket land. ITohtii roj^ oh njiaBaji MaTpo-
JleTHnii nn^/KaK. A summer jacket. com Ha SoJibmoM napoxo^e. For al-
Hocittb nn^jKaK. To wear a jacket. most a year he sailed on a large-
rill/KAMA /. pyjamas ship as a deckhand.
TenJian nnHtaMa. Warm pyjamas. IUIAjKATb, -qy, -lemL, -qyT imp./
GnaTB b nnjKaMe. To sleep in one's p. 3ariJia[KaTb, -ny, -qernb, -nyT (p.
pyjamas. verb shows beginning of action) to cry
IIIIOHEP m. PopbKO nJiaKaTb. To cry bitterly.
1. a Young Pioneer. Mon 6paT ~- IiJiaKaTb ot 66 jih. To cry with pain.
nnonep. My brother is a Young njIAH m. plan
Pioneer. IlJian pa6oTH. A plan of work. rtJian
hjia 99 no

pa3BiiTHH napojinoro xo3fincTBa. A IIJ1EH|KA /., gen. pi. -or film

plan of national economic develop- IIponBr'iTB HJienKy. To develop a
ment. BBinoJiHiiTb nJian. To fulfil film u
a plan. IlepeBbinoJiHHTb nJian na IIJIEHO neut., pi. nJie^H shoulder
50% (nponeHTOB). To overfulfil the HIiipoKHe nJie^ii. Broad shoulders.
plan by 50%. IIojio?khtb pyny KOMy-KH6o Ha njie-
IIJIAHETA /. planet *io. To put one's hand on somebody's
flaJieKan njianexa. A distant planet. shoulder.
njIAHIIPjOBATb, -yro, -yernb, -yiOT <> Eaiy ,4to He no naeiy. This is
imp. it o? to plan beyond his capacity (power, etc.) Pa-
ITjiaHiipoBaTb pa6oTy. To plan one's 5oTaTb nJie^OM k njie^y c Keai-Jin^o.
work. njiannpoBaTB cBoe BpeMH. To To work hand-in-hand with some-
plan one's time. body.
njIACTflH|KA /., gen. pi. -ok record njIOTHHA /. dam
nocraBBTe HOByio njiacrniiKyl Put njTOX|OIl, -an, -6e, -ne, short form
a new record on! TpaMnJiacTiraKn. hjiox, njioxa, ujioxo, hjioxu; adv.
Gramophone records. iijioxo; comp. xyme (q.v.) bad
IIJTACTMACCA /. plastics ITjioxaa noroA&- Bad weather. IIjio-
H3AeJinH H3 HJiacTMaccLi. Plastic xoe HacTpoenne. A bad mood. Ero
articles. jieJia njioxn. He is in a bad way.
IIJl'ATA /. payment Euy ujioxo. He feels bad. IXjioxo
3apa6oTHaa HJiaTa. A salary, a paSoTaib. To work badly.
wage IlJiaTa 3a bxoa- Admission fee. IIJIOmAJJlKA /. gen. pL -ok ground,
IlJiaTa 3a npoe3#. Fare. pitch
IIJIATfiTb, njiaqy, nJiaTnmb, njiaTHT CnopTHBHan HJiomaAKa. sports A
imp. ^to? 3a ito? 3a koto? ground.
u e m?/ p. 3anJiaTaTB, 3anjia<iy, 3a- njIOID,AJi;|b /., gen. pi. -en
njiaTnniB, 3anjiaiHT 1. square. L(eriTp6jibHaH nJiomaAB.
1. to pay. IIJiaTHTb (Aenbrn) 3a no-
A central square. (DoHTan na
Kynny. To pay (money) for a nJiomaffH. A fountain in a
purchase. 3anJiaTHTb sa Tosapii- square.
rna- To pay for one's friend. 2. area. ILjiomaab TpeyroJibHHKa.
2. fig. to return. HoiaTiiTB jiioSobbio The area of a triangle.
3a saSory. To return love for nJIH|TI>, -By, -senib, -syT imp., k y-
solicitude. A a? h a ie m? to swim, to sail
CnopTCMen njiHBeT k 6epery. The
njIAT|OK m., gen. -na
sportsman is swimming towards the
1. scarf. HpKnt HJiaToK. A bright
shore. JIoAKa nJibiBeT no perce. The
scarf.
boat is sailing on the river.
2. : Hocoeom
nJiaTOK. handkerchief. A tii HJiHByT na JiOAKe. The children
J^e-

HJIATOOPMA /. truck, platform

are sailing in a boat.
JKe.ne3HOflOpd>KHafl nJiaT$6pMa. A nJJH>K m. beach
railway truck. Hi^aTb na ruiaT$6p-
Me. To be waiting on the platform.
ITecHaHLHi ujiktk. sandy beach. A
JlemaTh (3aropaxb) na njinJKe. To
HJlATbE neut gen. pi. njraTBeB
, lie (to sunbathe) on the beach.
1. dress. DlejiKOBoe nJiaTbe. silk A IIO prep.
dress. Ha nen 6mjio onenb npa-
CHBoe HJiaTBe. She had a beauti-
I. + dat.
1. along. Hath no jiopore. To go
ful dress on. along the road. Xo#htb no kom-
2. no pi. clothes. Mara3ini Bepxnero naTe. To walk about in the room.
nJiaTtfl. A
clothes shop. 2. on, according to. ITpnexaTb ho npa-
XIJIAlU 77i. ,
gen. -a raincoat TJiameHHio. To come on somebody's
HenpOMOKaeMbiu nJiam;. A water- invitation. G^eJiaTb no coneTy
proof coat. Koro-JiiiSo. To do something on
IIJIEMJJHHHK m. nephew somebody's advice. Pa6oTaTb no
II JIEM #HHI1E[ A /. niece njiany. To work according to plan.
noB 100 nor

3. ToBopiiTb no TeJie^ony. To
over. nOBOPAHIIBAITBCH, -iocb, -embon,
speak over the telephone. Ilepe^a- -iotch imp. Kyj^a?/p, noBepnjyTb-
na no pa^no. A
radio broadcast. ch, -ycb, -erabcn, -yTcn to turn
4: TeTpa^b no $ti3HKe. physics A IIoBopaqiiBaTbCH na cnnHy. To turn
copy-book. MeMnnon no rHMnacTn- on to one's back. IIoBepHyTbCH cniiHon
Ke. A gymnastics champion. K oimy. To turn one's back to the
5. in +n, in pi. 3aHHMaTbcn no window. IIoBepuyTbCH Hajieso. To
BeqepaM. To study in the eve- turn to the left.
nings. IIOBTOPEHHE neut. review, recapi-
6. on. IIoexaTb no aejiaaf. To S° 071 tulation
business. riOBTopenne MaTepnajia. Recapitula-
II. -\- acc. tion of the material.
1. to.G nHToro no BocbMoe ^hcjio. <> IIoBTopeiibe MaTb —
yienbfi
From the fifth to the eighth (in- (proverb). Repetition is the mother
cluded).
of learning.
IIOBK^A /. na k e m? h a a h e m?
victory
ft
rtOBTOPHTB see IIOBTOPtfTB
rtojinafl A
complete victory.
no6eAa. nOBTOPSTBCa seeIIOBTOPtfTBCH
OAep>KaTb no6efty Haft BparoM. To IIOBTOP^ITB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
win a victory over the enemy. Bep- xmo?/p. noBTop|HTb, -io, -iimb, -ht
nyTBCH c noSeAon. To return vic- 1. to repeat. noBTOpnxe, noacajiyH-
torious. CTa. Repeat that, please.
nOBEflflTB see IIOEEJKflATB 2. to review. IToBTopiiTb ypoK. To
IIOEE3K£A|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. review one's lesson.
koto? ^ t o? / p. no6eA|aTB, 1st nOBTOP)!|TBCH, -iocl, -embca, -k>t-
pers. sing, not used, -tirab, -At to win, ch imp.jp. nOBTopliiTbCfl, -iocb,
to conquer, to defeat, to overcome -nmbCH, -htch
IIo6e£HTB Bpara. To defeat the ene- 1. to recur. 3to cjiobo nacTo no-
my. no6e#HTB B Bonne. To win a BTopaeTca b TeKCTe. This word
victory in a war. IIodeH^aTB CTpas. often recurs in the text.
To conquer fear. IIoSeftUTb 6oJie3Hb. 2. to repeat oneself. floKJiaftqnK
To overcome an illness. *iacT0 noBTOpnJicn. The speaker
HOEJIArOAAPftTB see BJTArOflA- often repeated himself.
PflTB
nOBJIE^HETB see BJIEftHETB norACflTB see TACETB
nOBPriTBCH see BPfiTBCH norHBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
ot q e r oP/i?. nornoH|yTb, -y, -emb,
no-BAniEMy ~yT, past norn6, -Jia, -jio, -jih to
1. adv. asyou want. Mli CfteJiaJin
perish
no-BameMy. We did as you want-
ilbrHGnyTb ot nyiin. To perish from
ed us to.
a bullet.
2. par en. word in your opinion.
IIo-BanieMy, 3to npaBHJibHo? Do nOrflBHyTb see noniBATB
you think it is right? norjlAflHTb see rJIA/JHTB
HOBEflEHHE neut. behaviour norjIHflfiTB see TJIilflETB
GKpoMHoe noBeAenne. Modest be- nOrOBOPjflTB, -io, -MB, -ht p.
haviour. GTpaHHoe noBeAenne. o k 6 m? o lew? c k em? to
Strange behaviour. talk
HOBEPHTB see BEPHTB IIoroBOpHTb o norofte. To talk about
nOBEPH^TBCil see HOBOPA^H- the weather. Mne naAO noroBoptiTb
BATBCH c BaMU. / must speak to you.
HOBEPXHOCTB /. surface IIOrOflA no pi. weather
/.,
Ha noBepxHOCTH 3eMJin. On the Kanan ceroftnn norofta? What is
J^BRffiemB no no-
earth's surface. the weather like today? Bee' Jiero
BepXHOCTH. Movement along a sur- CTOHJia nJioxan noroA^- The whole
face. summer the weather was bad.
HOBEGHTB see B'filHATB noryjMTB see ryjitfTB
nojj 101 1103

IIOA (IlOflO) prep. + acc. & insir. noAroxoBKa no MaxeMaTnKe. H-e

I. -f- iristr. is well grounded in mathematics.
1. under. Oh cn^eJi uoa A©pe-BOM. nOflflEP^ATb see nOflflEPVKH-
77 e was sitting under a tree. BATB
2. jig. under. PaooTaTh hoa pyKO- nO£flEP3KHBA|TB, -K), -einb, -iot
bo^ctbom... To work under... imp. koto? hto? m? b ti e m?/ <j e
BojibHon 6hji noA HaSJUOffenneM p. noAAepjnaTB, noAAepjKy, noAAep-
Bpana. The patient was under /KHhib, noAAepH^ax
medical observation. 1. to support. IIoAAep?KaTB Apy ra
3. near. JKhtb no's Mockboh. To live coBeTOM b TpyAHyio MnnyTy. To
near Moscow. help a friend with one's advice
4. in. Hath no a AOjKAeM. To walk in at a difficult time.
the rain. 2, to second. noAflepacaTb npeAAo-
II. ~\~acc. 5KeHire Ha co6paHnn. To second
1. under. Oh ceJi hoa ^epeBO. He a move at a meeting.
sat down under a tree. IXOJpKAPHTB see 5KAPHTB
2. TaHn,eBaTfc hoa MV3HKy. To
to. nO^MECTS see nOflMETATB
dance to music. IIOflMETAITB, -k>, -emt, -k>t imp.
IIOfl;A]BA.Tb, -jo, -euib, -k>t imp. ito? qeM?/p. noAMe|cTrr, -Ty,
hto? KOMy?/p. no^aTb, no^aM, -Temb, -Tyx, past noAMeJi, noAMe-
noAamb, no^acT, noAaAHM, no^a- ji|a, -6, -it to sweep
flirre, nofla^yT, />as£ noflaji, no^aJia, IIoAMeTaTB noJi. To sweep the floor.
noAaji|o, -h nOAHHMA|Tb, -io, -enn>, -iot imp.
1. to help on. IIoAaBaTb najibTo KOTO? H T 0?/p. UOAHHTB, HOAHH-
AeBynrae. To help the girl on My, noAHWMemB, noAHinvty t past ,

with her coat. hoahhji, noAH^Jia, uoahhjiIo, -ii

2. to serve. IIoj^aBaTB qaii na ctoji. 1. to pick up, to lift. IIoahhtb reT-
To serve tea. p&Ab c noJia.jTo pick up a copy-book
3. to extend. IIoAaBaTb pyny. To from the floor. IIOAHflTB pe6euKa.
extend one's hand. To lift a child. IIoAHflTb pyKy.
<> PyKOii no^aTb! A stone's throw To raise one's hand. IIoahhtb
(from). bopothhk. To raise one's collar.
nO^APfiTb see ftAPflTb 2. to rouse. HoAHflTb c nocTeJin.
n03,AP|OK m., gen. -Ka present To rouse.
floporon noflapoK. An expensive IIoAHHTb rayivi, KpiiK. To make
present. CfleJia-rb noflapOK Apyry. a noise, to start shouting.
To give a present to one's friend. M
HOflHH A TB C H -rocb, -erabca, -iot-
| ,

noJiy^iiTt no.napoK ot ^pyra.. To ch imp.jp. noAHHTbCH, nOAHiiMycb,

receive a present from one's friend. nOAHHMenibCH, noAHJiMVTCH, past
HOftATb see IIOAABATB noAHH|jicn (& noAHHJicn), -Jiacb,
nO^BHr to. feat -jiocb, -jnicb
Tpy^OBon noABnr. A feat of 1. tO get Up. IIOAHHMaTbCfl yTpOM c
labour. CoseprnuTb noABnr. To ac- nocTeJin. To get up in the morning.
complish a feat. 2. to ascend. II ah HMa t b h na ro-
nOABOHH|I>IH, -an, -oe, -Lie under- py. To ascend a mountain. IIoa-
water nniMaTbCji no JiecTHiine. To go
IIOABOAnLin Miip. The underwater up the stairs.
world. IloABOAHaH oxoTa. Underwa- 3. to rise. IIoAHHMaTbCH na 6opb-
ter hunting. IToABOAHaa JioAKa. A 6y c BparoM. To rise to the
submarine. struggle against the enemy.
nOJjrOTOBHTB see FGTOBHTB, 2 4. fig. to go up. I^eubi na npoAyK-
nOflrOTOBKA / k n e m y? th uOAHHJitfcb. The prices of
1. preparation. IToAroToBKa k sk- food-stuffs have gone up.
3aMeHaM. Preparation for exami- 5. fig. to begin. IloAHHJicfl myM. A
nations. noise began. IIoahhjich chjibhhh
2. grounding, y Hero xopoxnan BeTep. A
strong wind has risen.
noA 102 UO>K

nO^HOC m. tray 1. to underline. IIoAHepKHyTb cjio-

nO^HtfTb see HOflHHMATb Ba KapaHflaraoM. To underline
nOflH^TBCH see IIO£HHMAT&CH words in pencil.
nOAO>KA|ATI>, -y, -emb, -y T) past 2. fig. to emphasise. B flOKJiaae
noAO/K^aji, nofl05Kja;aJia, noAO>KAa- h noA^epKnyji 3HaHemre qtofo
ji|o, -h p. koto? h t o? or q e r 6 ? H3o6peTeHHH. In my report I
to wait emphasised the importance of
no#0/KAeM erne neMHoro! £e£'s iz;<u£ this invention.
a bit longer! HOAHEPKHYTb see UGA^EPKH-
no#OMTfi 5ee noAXOAHTb BATB
HOflnHGATt see IIOAnHCblBATb nOATbE3>KA|Tb, -io, -emb, -kit imp.
riOflnHCHBAlTb, -io, -enib, -iot imp. k kom y? k q e m y? / p noA^e-
.

hto? / p. noAHircaTb, nOAnniny, xaTb, noA^eAly, -emb, -yT to ap-

noAunrnemb, noAnnmyT to sign proach, to drive up to
IIoAnHcaTL A° K y M GHT. To sign a Il0A'be3;KaTb k ropo^y. To approach
document. IIoAmicaTb AOroBop. To the town. ABTo6yc noA^exaJi k oc-
sign a treaty. IIoAnHCaTb corjiarne- TanoBKe. The bus drove up to the stop.
nne. To sign an agreement. noH?>EM m.
IIOflPOEHIbia, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. 1. ascent, noatew: b ropy 6hji Tpy-
doap66ho detailed ACH. Climbing the mountain was
XiOApoSnoe iiiiclmo. A detailed let- difficult.
ter. Oh noAp66no paccKa3aJi o cBoeii 2. enthusiasm. Aothcth nrpajin c
noe3AKe. He described his trip in 6oJibmnM noA teMOM. The actors
r

detail. performed with great enthusiasm.

nOflPyrA /. {female) friend nOAT>EXATb see nOAT>E35KATb
niKOJitnaa noApyra. A school friend. H0E3A m., pi. -a train
IToApyra AeTCTBa. One's playmate. Gkophh noesA- A fast train. ExaTb
nOAPymfiTLCH, noApyacyci,, no- na noe3AO. To go by train. Ilepe-
ApyjKHmbca, nOApy>KaTCH p. c cecTb na noe3A- To change for a train.
k e m? to become friends nOE3A|KA gen. pi. -ok trip, tour
HOApyJKBTbCH C HOBLIMH TOBapH- IlHTepecHafl noe3AKa. An interesting
maMH. To make new friends. Bmct- trip. IIoe3AKa no CTpaHe. tour of A
po noApynaiTBCH. To become friends the country.
quickly. IlOECTb, noeM, noernb, noecr, noeAnM,
OOATBEPAflTB see IIQATBEP- noeAHTe, noeA«T, past noeji, -a, -o,
-n to eat
110 ATBEP5K A A|TL -io, -emE, -iot
, ITohacm: noeAWMl LeVs go and get
imp. q t o?/p. nOATBeplAMTb, -Hey, something to eat!
-rAt to confirm
-flFfmt, nOEXATb, noeAly, -emb, -yx p. k y-
Oh noATBepAHJi, ^to npiiAer 3aBT- Aa? Ha ieM? to go, to drive
pa. He confirmed that he would lioexaTb Ha 3-KCKypcmo. To go on
come the next day. an excursion. ABTo6yc ocTaHOBUJicn
nOAYMATb see A^MATb okojio ao Ma, a hotom noexaJi AaJib-
nOAYiniKA /., gen. pi. -en pillow, me. The bus stopped near the house
cushion and then drove on. JTexOM mm no-
IIOAXOAflTb, eoaxO/K}', noAXOAnmb, eA©M Ha ior. In summer we shall go
noAxoA^T imp. k k o m y? k q e- to the south.
tef?/p. noA0H|Ttr, -Ay, -flemb, -AY?, IIoexajiH na Mexpo! (colloq.)
past noAomeji, noAOinJi|a, -6, -h Let's go by the underground!
1. to approach. lioAXOAurb k ok- IIOSKAJIETb see >KAJIETb
ny. approach the window. II05K A J10B ATb CH see HiAJIOBATb-
2. k o m y ? to fit. 9th Ty^Jiii Mne CH
noAXOA^T. These shoes fit me. IIOMAJiyilCTA particle please
IIOA^EPKIIB A|Tb , -to, -emb, -iot H3BHHHTe, no>KaJiyiiCTa. Excuse me
imp. q t o?/p. noA^iepKHlyTb, -y, please. A^& Te MHe no^aJiyHCTa, >

-eint, -yT KHnry. Will you give me the book,

IIOJK 103 noK

please? CKasKHTe, no/KaJiy&CTa, r#e his birthday. ]Io3ApaBJraio c Hobhm

MeTpo? Could you tell me where the toaom! / wish you a Happy New
underground station is, please? Cna- Year!
ch6o. — no/Kajiy&CTa. "Thank you." n03HAK0MHTbCH see 3HAK0-
"Don't mention it." MHTbCH
H05KATb see HOJKHMiTB & 2KATB nOSMATb see JIOB&Tb
no>KEJIAHHE neut. wish noH|Tfl, -jsy, -^emb, -Ayr, past nomeji,
HoBoro^Hiie noHcejiaHHH. New nomjija, -6, -it p. Kyga?-f w/.
Year's wishes. to go
nOJKEJIATb see 5KEJlATb IIohth b TeaTp, na K0Hn;epT. To go
IIOKHJIfOK, -an, -6e, -He elderly to the theatre, to a concert. Mh
IIOHCHMAITL, -k), -emb, -k>t imp. noE,n;eM ceroAHH Be^epoM b tocth.
qTO? / p. nojKaTb, no/KM|y -emb, f
Tonight we shall go visiting. Oh
-yT to press MeftJieHHO nomeji k A B ep H He -

1. : Ohh KpenKo nonajis ^pyr Apyry slowly went towards the door. Iloii-
pyKH. They shook hands heartily. A§m ryjiHTbl Let's go for a walk!
2. : floiKHMaTb nJie^aMH. To shrug <> IIoniJiH b kiiho! (colloq.) Let's go
one's shoulders. to the cinema!
n03ABOTHTbCH see 3AB0THTbCH IIOKA
ITOSABUflOBATb see 3ABfiflOBATb 1. adv. yet. Oh nona He y^HTCH.
H03ABTPAKATB see 3ABTPAKATB He doesn't go to school yet.
H03ABHEPA adv. the day before 2. conj. while. IIoKa mh 3aHHMa-
yesterday jihcb, nomeji Romjih. While we
9to cjiy^HJiocb nosaB^epa. It hap- were studying it began raining.
pened the day before yesterday. IIoKa meji Romgh, mh CHAeJra
1203 BATB see 3BATB AO Ma. We stayed at home as long
n03BOHllTb see 3BOHHTB as it rained. IIoKa He KOH^y
n<33aH|Hfi, -hh, -ee, -ne late nucbMo, He noHAy ryjiHTb. /
I163£HHH Be^ep. A late evening. won't go out before I have fin-
_Il63AHHe n.BeTLi Late flowers.
. ished the letter.
n03flHO adv., comp. no3>Ke & ho3a- nOKA3ATb see H0KA3bIBATb
nee late nOKA3ATbCH see KA3ATBCH &
1, late. II63AHO ho^bio. Late at IIOK A3 bIB ATb CH
night. II63TIH0 Jie^ib cnaTb. To nOKA3bIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.
go to bed late. Oh npnmeJi nos- kom y? h e m y? k o r 6? hto? or
>Ke Bac. He came later than you. na koto? na hto?/^. H0Ka3aTb,
PeSenoK noaAHO Haqaji roBopnrb. noKa?Ky, noKa>Kemb, nonaJKyT
The child began to speak late. 1. to show. IToKa3aTb Apyry $oto-
2. predic. impers. (it is) late. Cennac rpa$HK). To show one's friend a
no3AHO. IV s late now. H63AH0 photograph.
roBopHTb 06 3T0M. IV s too late 2. to point (at, to). IToKa3HBaTb
.

speak about that.

to pyKOH Ha 66JiaK0. To point at a
<> Jlyqine no3Aao, *ieM HHKorna. cloud with one's hand.
Better late than never. PaHo ejiii II0KA3bIBAjTbCH, -iocb, -embcn,
HO3AH0. Sooner or later. -iotch imp.jp. H0Ka3a,TbCH, noKa-
nO33OP0BATbCH see SftOPOBATb- >Kycb, HOKajKembCH, noKaJKyTca to
CH show
nOSaPlBHTb see IIOSflPABJlUTb Il3-3a Tyn noKa3aJioeb cojrane. The
n033PABJI#|Tb, -io, -emb, imp.
-iot sun showed from behind the clouds.
koto? hto? c h e m?/ p. H03Apaj- Jlyna to noRa.3HBaJiacb, to Hcnesa-
BHTb, -bjiio, -BHiiib, -bht to congrat- Jia 3a oSJianaMH. The moon was now
ulate visible, now hidden behind the clouds.
no3#paBHTb ^pyaes c npa3AHHK0M. IIOKOJIEHHE neut. generation
To congratulate friends on a festive MoJiOAoe noKOJieHHe. The young gen-
occasion. IIo3ApaBHTb c rts&m po>K- eration. noKOJiemse othob. The
neHHH, To congratulate somebody on older generation.
noK 104 noji

nOKPACHETb see KPACHETb 2. political. IIoJiHTMaecKaa bkoho-

nOKYIIAlTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. ko- MSia. Political economy.
to? ito? kom y?/ jp. Kyni'iTb, Kyn- nOJIiKA /., gen. pi. -ok
jiio, KynnniL, ayaaT to buy 1. shelf. KaujKaaa noJiaa. A book-
HoKynaTb xJie6 b Mara3ime. To buy shelf. Khhth cToaT na noJiKe.
bread in a shop. Kynii MHe cerofl- The books are on the shelf.
Hfiffliiroio ra3eTy! Buy me today's 2. berth. Bepxaaa (hhjkhhh) aoJi-
paper/ .
Ka B Baroae. An upper (lower)
IIOKyPflTb see KyPflTb berth in a railway carriage. Jle-
nOKymATb see KYBIATb acaTb aa BepXHea noJiKe. To lie
IIOJI m., prepos. aa -y; pi. -li floor on an upper berth.
^Ihcthh hoji. A clean floor. IJo^Me- <> rtojio5KHTi> 3y6i>i na nojiKy. To
TaTb no jr. To sweep the floor. jjeTH starve.
arpaJia na nojiy. The children were nOJIH[bIlI, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short form
playing on the floor, noJion, nojia|a, -6, -u
IIOJTIE neut., pi. -a 1. full. XIOJIHLIH CTaKaH BOflLI. A
1. field. lUspOKOe noJie. A large glass full of water. 3aJi hojioii
field. noJie. To grow
PacTii Ha spiiTeJieii. The hall is full of
in a field. Pa6oTaTi> b aojie. To spectators. KoMaaTa, aojiaaa
work in the field. CBeTa, A room full of light.
2. fig, field. UlnpOKoe noJie nea- 2. complete. IloJiHaa CBo66na. Com-
TeJibHOCTii. A wide field of activ- plete freedom. IToJiuHn othlix.
ity. Complete rest.
3. field. MarHi'iTnoe noJie. A magnet- 3. stout. riojiHHH nejiOBeK. A stout
ic field. man.
4. pi. brim, ffljiaaa c iiojihmii. A nOJTHOCTblO adv. completely
hat with a brim. H corjiacen c BaMii. /
nojiaocTbio
IIOJIE3HO adv., predic. impers. (it is) am in complete agreement with you.
useful nOJIOBflHA /. half
E\iy nojieaHO Miioro ryjifiTb. It is IToJiOBHHa nyTH. Half the way. ITo-
useful for him to walk a lot. Bojibeo- JiOBima ro#a. Half a year. Ilepsaa
My noJie3HO nnTL (JpyKTOBHH cok. It noJiOBima arpH. The first half of
is good for the sick man to drink a match. BTOpaa noJiOBaaa XIX Be-
fruit juice. Ka. The second half of the 19th
nOJIE3H|bIH, -aa, -oe, -He, short century. Cei^ac noJiOBima mecToro.
form nOJie3eii, noJie3H|a, -o, -h It is half past five. ITpaxoAa-
useful Te b DOJioBHee mecToro. Come at
IIoJie3aaa KHi'ira. useful book. A half past five.
nojie3HLiii coBeT. Useful advice. nOJIOHCEHHE neut. situation
nOJIET m. flight 3KoaoMaaecKoe aoJioiKeaae. The
OnaCHHH noJieT. A dangerous flight. economic situation. Taa<ejioe uojio-
CoBepmHTb noJieT. To make a flight. >Keaae. A
difficult situation. Ona-
nOJIE|TETb, -ay, -thed*. -tht p. to fly 3aTLca b Tpy^HOM nojiO/Keaaa. To
IIoJieTeTb b kocmoc. To fly to outer find oneself in a difficult situation.
space. HaHTtr bkexoa H3 Jiio66ro noJioJKe-
IIOJIllTHKA /., no pi. policy, politics ana. To find a way out of any
Baeuiaaa noJiiiTHKa. Foreign poli- situation.
cy. Buy Tpeanaa noJiiiTHKa. Home nOJIQ2KETb see KJIACTb
policy. 3aHHMaTBca noJiHTHKOii. To riOJIOTEIimE neut., gen. pi. -en; tow-
go in for politics. el
n0JIHTfiqECK|Hll, -aa, -oe, -He MoxaaToe HOJiOTeaae. A Turkish
1. political, riojiHTH iiecKaa o6cTa- BbiTHpaTB pyan aoJiOTeaaeM.
towel.
HOBKa. The political situation. To dry one's hands with a towel.
IIoJinTH^ecKaa 6opb6a. A politi- IIOJ1TOPA m. & neut., gen. aoJiyTOpa;
cal struggle. IIoJiHTHHecKHH aea- noJiTopbi /., num. one and a half
TejiL. A politician. nOJIYOCTPOB m. pi. ~a peninsula }
noji 105 noM

IIOJiy^AITb, -K), -emb, -iot imp. Bocn6jib30BaTBCH caynaeM. To

n t o? ot koto? oTKyja?/ avail oneself of an occasion. IToJib-
p. nojiyqiiTB, nojiy^y, noJiy*nirflb, 30BaTbCH B03MOJKHOCTBK). To
noJiynaT avail oneself of an opportunity.
1. to receive. IIojiy^aTb nncbMa 113 IToJibsoBaTbCH npaBOM. To exer-
AOMa. To receive letters from home. cise the right.
IIojiy^HTb fleHbrn 3a pa66- 2. no p. to enjoy. IToJibSOBaTbcH
Ty. To get money for one's U3BecTHOCTbio. To be well known.
work. IIoJiyqHTb noAapOK ot ot- IIOJlIOEflTb see JHOEflTb
n.a\ To get a present from ones nOJliOEOBATBCH see JlIOEOBATb-
father. Ilojiy^iiTb npHrJiamenne. CH
To
receive an invitation. nOJTIOC m. pole
2. to get. noJiyiriTb Hy?KHHH pe- CeBepHLift
iiojiioc. The North Pole.
3yjitTaT. To get the necessary HayraaH 3KCneAiiiiiiH na IO>KHbm
result. IToJiyqaxb caxap 113 cbck- iiojiioc. A
scientific expedition to
To
obtain sugar from beetroot.
jili. the South Pole.
3. to receive. IIojiyqiiTb 3BaHiie nOMEfflATb see MEIHATB
npotjeccopa. To receive the title nOMEmERHE neut, room, premises
of professor. IToJiyHHTb OTMeTKy. HnJioe noMenxeHne. Living premises.
To get a mark. ITonyHHTb 6Jia- nOMEII(IIK m. landowner
roflapHOCTb. To be thanked. Kpynnbifi noMemiiK. A big landown-
nOJiyHAiTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not er. BoraTbiii noMeiHHK. A rich
used, 3rd pers. -e*rcff, -iotch imp./ p. landowner.
noJiy-qiiTbcji, 1st & 2nd pers. not nOMHAOP m. tomato
used, 3rd pers. noJiynrrrcfi, noJiy- CneJibie noMHAopbi. Ripe tomatoes.
qaTCH GaJiaT 113 noMHAopoB. Tomato salad.
1. : y Mena ne noJiy^aeTCH saflana. nOMHjHTB, -io, -Enib, -ht imp.
/ can't manage the problem. (J)oto- k o r 6? or *i t o? o kom? o icm?
rpa$Hn nojiyTOjiricb xopomo. to remember
The photographs proved to be IToMHHTb poAHOH flOM. To remember
good. Sa^a^ia ne noJiyqaeTCH. the house where one was born. IIom-
The problem won't work out. hhtb OTna. To remember one's fa-
2. : impers. IIoJiy^aeTCH, hto a bhho- ther. IToMHHTb Apyre. To remem-
belt. It looks as if I am to blame. ber one's friend. ITomhutb o CBoeH
IIOJiyHftTb see IIOJiyHATb n,eJiH. To bear in mind one's aim.
nOJiy^IflTbCH see IIOJiy^ATbCH <> He noMmiTb cedn (ot rneBa).
nOJTOACA m., gen, nojiynaca balf an To be beside oneself (with wrath).
hour IIOMOr A |TB , -io, -emb, -iot imp.
H jKAaJi ero neJiux noJmaca. / wait- K o m y? ieiiy? vl e m? & + inf.f
ed him for a whole half-hour.
for p. rjowo^b, noMory, noMOJKenib,.
Oh DHcaJi b Te*ieHne noJiy^aca. He noMoryT, past noMOr, -Jia, -jio, -Jin
wrote for half an hour. to help
IIOJIB3A /. use IloMoraTb CTapon MaTepn. To help
JlenapcTBO npiraecjio SoJibrnyio one's old mother. ITomohb Apyry
noJib3y 6oJibHOMy. The medicine Ao6pHM coBeTOM. To help one's
helped the sick man very much. friend with good advice. IIom6hi>
nOJIf»3|OBATbCH, -yiocb, -yeimscH, 6paTy pemiiTb 3aAaiy. To help
-yiOTca imp. h e m? / p. BOcnoJib3|o- one's brother to solve a problem.
BaTbCH, -yiocb, -yeniLCH, -yiOTCH no-MOEMy
1. to use. II6jib30BaTbCH SnoJiHOTe- adv. my
1 . way. Oh c^eJiaJi sto no-
KoiL To use a library. Il6jlb30- MoeMy. He did it my way.
BaTbCH nyjKEOH KHHroH. To use 2. word
paren. in my opinion.
the book one needs. IT6jib30BaTb- IIo-MoeMy, oh xopomiiii nejio-
ch ycjiyraMH. To avail oneself of BeK. In my opinion, he is a good
services. BocnoJib30BaTbCH coBe- man.
tom. To make use] of advice. nOMO lIB see ITOMOrATb
noM 106 no

nOMOmHHK m. help IIOIIAflA|TB, -k>, -enib, -iot imp. /

Ghh 6hji xopomiiM noMornmiKOM p. nonaCTb, nonaflly, -einb, -yT, past
oxny. The son was a good help to nonaJi, -a, -o, -n
his father. 1. to hit. IIonacTb b n,eJib. To hit

OOMOiqb no P L help the mark.

/.,
OKa3aTb noMomb panenOMy. To 2. to get. IIonacTb b TeaTp. To get

give help to a wounded man. IIpo- to the theatre.

3. to get. Kan bh cio^a nonajin?
ciitb noMOinn y ,o;py3eH. To ask
one's friends for help. IIpocHTb o How did you get here?
noMomn. To ask for help. IIpHHTH 4. impers., colloq. to catch it. Mne
Ha noMOinb. To come to the aid. nonaJio ot M&Tepn. / caught it

OTKa3aTb b noMomn. To refuse to hot from Mother.

give help. <> KaK nonaJio. Anyhow. IIonacTb
lie b £>pOBh, a b rjia.3. Gf. To
nOHEflEJIbHIIK m. Monday hit the nail on the head.
B noHe^eJibHHK mm ye3>KaeM. We nO-IIP£5KHEM.y adv. still, as before
leave on Monday.
Ka>KAHH none-
AeJibHHK (no none^eJibHHKaM) y nac
Oh no-npe>KH6My jkhbSt 3#ecb. He
still lives here.
oHBaiOT JieKnnn no JinTepaType.
Every Monday we have lectures on
HOnPdBOBATB IIPOEOBATB see

literature.
nonPOGflTb HPOCftTB see
nonPOE^ATBCH see IIPOIHATBCH
nOHHMA|Tb, -io, -enib, -kdt imp. nOPA 1
/. time
KOTO? HT0?//>. HOHHTb, noHM|y, H 3Haio ero c ^aBHnx nop. I've
-einb, -yT, past nonaJi, noHHJia, known him for a long time. G Tex
nOHHJl|0, -H nop nponuio mhoto JieT. Many
1. to understand. H Bac uohhji. years have passed since then. J\o chx
/ understood you. Bli Bee hohb> nop Mbi Hnqero ne 3Haex\i o hSm. We
Maeie? Do you understand every- still don't know anything about him.
thing? IIoHMHTe Mena npaBHJib- E[OP 2 predic. impers. it is time
ho! Don't misunderstand me. ITopa BCTaBarb —
y?Ke no3#HO. It's
2. to understand. Oh MaJio nons- time to get up: it's already late.
MaeT b My3biKe. He does not nopa HflTii romoh. It's time to go
understand much about music, home. HaM nopa o6e^;aTb. It's time
HOHPABHTBCH see HPABHTBCfl for us to have dinner.
IIOHilTIiE neut. notion II0PA5KEHHE neut. defeat
Gjiobo h noHHTHe —
pa3Hbie Benin. TnJKeJioe nopa^eHne. heavy de-A
The word and the notion are differ- feat. IIoTepneTb nopa>KeHHe b boh-
ent things. To be defeated in a war. HaHe-
h6\
<> H
He iiMeio noHJTTiia o TBoeii cth uopa?KeHHe. To defeat.
pa5oTe. I've no idea of your work. nOPOIHIOK m. gen. -k& powder f

nOH#TH|Bia, -an, -oe, -He, short 1. only sing, powder. 3y6n6n nopo-
form nouHTen, noHHTH|a, -o, -h un- moK. Tooth-powder.
derstandable, clear 2, powder. JlenapcTBO b noponmax.
nOHHTHO Medicine in the form of powder.
1. 3to cjiobo BaM no-
adv. clear(ly). npHHHMaTb no o^noMy nopom-
HHtho? Is word clear to you?
this Ky 3 pa3a b jxenh. To take one
Oh roBopuJi uohhtho. He spoke powder 3 times a day.
clearly. Mne Bee uohhtho. Eve- IIOPT m., prepos. b nopry & o nopTe
rything is clear to me. port
2. predic.impers. (it is) clear. IIohht- MopCKon nopT. A
seaport. Pemion
H0. *JT0 B TaKOH ROTKJlJb OH He npH- nopT. Ariver port. PaSoTaTb b nop-
jjqt. It's clear that he won't Ty. To work at the port.
come in such a rain. OOPTPET m. portrait
XIOHUTB see HOHHMATB nOPTOEJIB 7n. brief-case
IIOOBEflATB see OEE^ATB nO-PyCCKH adv. (in) Russian
HOOBEDJATB see OBEH^ATB FoBopHTb no-pyccKH. To speak
XIOP 107 noc

Russian. Onri neJin 3Ty necnio no- To build new machines accord-
pyccKH. They sang this song in ing to the last word in technologyv
Russian. UocjicAmie H3BecTiiH. The latest
nOP#3IOK m., gen. -Ka news.
1. order. V
Mena b komhstg Bcer- II0CJIE3ABTPA adv. the day after
#a nopajipK. room is always My tomorrow
in order. JJepjKaTb Benin b no- nOCJIOBHIU /. proverb
pa^ne. To keep things in order. nOCJiymA|Tb 5
-io, -enib, -iot p. ko-
npHBeCTii Bee b nopa/ipK. To ro? it o?
put everything in order. Ilpn- 1. to listen (for a while). On no-
BecTn ce6a b nopa^on. To tidy ctohji, nocjiyraaji neMnoro h
oneself up. ynreji. He
stood and listened for
2. succession. PaccKa3aTi> see no a while, then he went away.
nopaftKy. To tell everything in 2. : IIocjiyinaH(Te), pa3Be 6to npa-
the same order as it happened. BiiJibno? Look here, is that right?
<> Bee b nopaftKe. Everything is IIOGJiy HEATBCH see CJI^fflATbCfl
all right. IIOCMOTPETB see CMOTPETB
nOCAAflTb see CAVKATB nOCOBETOBATb see COBETOBATB
IIOCBHTflTB see IIOCBHIHATB HOCOBETOBATBCH see COBETO-
HOCBHIIJAITB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. BATBCH
h t o? k o m y? ii e M y? / p. nOCBH|- nOCnOPIITB see CHOPIITB
THTb, -my, -THHIb, -THT nOCPEflft
1. to devote. jQocbhthtb ?KH3Hb 1. adv. amid, among. Ha yjinne
nayKe. To devote one's' life to coopaJiacb TOJina Hapojota. ITocpe-
science. jjja cTOfiJi pe6enoK ii njiaKan. A
2. to dedicate. IIocBHinaTb KHnry crowd of people had gathered in
flpyry.To dedicate a book to the street. Among the crowd
one's friend. stood a child, crying.
nOCETtfTB see nOCEII^ATB 2. prep, -f- gen. in the middle of.
iIOCEIIi;A|TI>, -io, -erab, -iot imp. IIocpeAn nJioma^H KpaciiBbin—
koto? hto?/ p. nocejTHTb, -my, (jboHTan. In the middle of the
-THBJb, -THT square there is a beautiful foun-
1. to visit. riocemaTb 6ojibnoro to- tain.
Bapnrna. To visit a sick friend. IIo- nOCCOPHTbCH CCOPHTBCH see
ceTHTb My3eH. To visit a museum. riOCTABHTB CTABHTB see
2. no p. to attend. noceinaTb jigk- nOCTAPATBCH see CTAPATBCH
min. To attend lectures. nOCTEJIb /. bed
nOCJIATB see IIOCBIJIATB EoJibHon ^oji/Kbh Jie>KaTb b nocre-
HOCJIE Jin. The patient must remain in
1. adv. later. Mojkho hphhth ceH- bed. Euy neJib3a BCTaBaTb c no-
nac? — HeT, npHxo^H nocjie. CTeJin. He is not allowed to get up.
"May I come now?" "No comet
nOCTEQEHHO adv. gradually
later. 7'
Oh nocTeneHso npnBHKaJi k kjiii-
2. prep. -f- S m - after. IlocJie o6e#a. MaTy.He gradually got accustomed
After dinner. IlocJie pa6oTH. After to the climate.
work. Mojkho Mne B3Htb §Ty nOCTO#HH|BM, -an, -oe, -He con-
KHiiry nocjie nee? May I have stant; adv. nocTOHHHO constantly,
the book after her? always
nOCJIfi^HlHIt, -ah, -ee, -ne last IlocTORHHaH reMnepaTypa. A con-
nocJie^HnH ^ens Mecana. The last stant temperature. PeSenoK nocToan-
day of the month. Kto nocJiejrHnii? ho 6oJieeT. The child is always ill.
Who is the last? IIOCTO|£Tf>, -io, -rinib, -ht p.
O BopoTbca so nocJTeAneii icanjia i. to stand (for a while). Ghahtc,
KpOBH. To fight to the last drop ne 6ecnoK6iiTecb, a uoctoio.
of blood. Co3Aaea.Tb HOB&ie Maraa- Keep your seat, and don't worry;
Hbi no nocJie^HeMy CJiosy TOXHHKn, I'll stand. Oh nocroaji neMaoro
noc 108

H yraeji. He stood for a while Hhbkhh hotojiok. A low ceiling.

and then went away. Ha noTOJiKe bhcht nawna. A lamp
2.: Hoctoh(tg)! Wait! ishanging from the ceiling.
nOCTPOTbCH see CTPflHbCfl IIOTOM adv. then
nOCTPOHTb see CTPOHTb GnanaJia mh noo6e^ajin, a noxoM
nOCTYIIAITb, -10, -emb, -eot imp. nomjTH ryjiaTb. We first had dinner
p. HocTynHTb, nocTynJiio, nocTy- and then went for a walk.
nimb, nocTynHT nOTOMy" HTO [tnxo] conj. because
1. to act. ^ecTHO nocTynaTb. To Oh He niicaJi nnceM, noTOMy tto
act honestly. IIjioxo nocTynnTb. 6hji 3aHHT. He didn't write tetters
To act badly. because he was busy.
2. Ky#a? to enter. nocTynnxb b nOTOH^Tb see TOH^Tb
HHCTHTyT, Ha HCTOpHHeCKHH $a- II OTP£B OB ATb see TPEEOBATb
Kyjibxer. To enter an institute, nOTPOrATb see TPOrATb
the history department. IToCTy- nOTHHyTb see THHyTb
niiTb Ha pa66xy. To take up work. noyHHHATb yXtfiHATb see
3. : IIocTynHJio npe^JiomeHHe. There nOXBAJIflTb see XBAJlflTb
is a proposal. nOXOfl m. hike
nocTynfiTt see nocTynATb TypncTH^ecKHH noxoxi;. A walking-
nOCT^niOK m., gen. -Ka action tour. Xo#iixb b noxo#. To hike, to
^IecTHHii noCTynoK. An honest ac- go on a walking-tour.
tion. GoBepinnTb repoHHecKHii no- nOX<35K|HH, -an, -ee, -ne, short form
CTynoK. To accomplish a feat. noxojK, -a,-n resembling
-e,
nOCTy^ATfc see CTy^IATb Ha Koro oh hoxojk? Whom does he
riOCyjJA /. crockery look like? Oh noxojK na Moero 6paxa.
^annan nocyjia. Tea-things. Mhtb He looks like my brother,
nocy#y. To wash up. nOIJEJIOBATb see IJEJIQBATb
IIOCbIJIA|Tb, -fo, -emb, -iot imp. IIOIJEJIOBATbCH see IJEJIOBATbCH
koto? h t o? kom y? h e m y? nO^BA /. soil
or k kom y? / p. nocjiaTt, nonui|i6, IIOHEMy adv. why
-emb, -k>t noneMy bli ono3aaJra? Why are
1. to send. MaTb nocjiaJia peSeHKa you late?
b Mara3nH 3a xjie6oM. The mother IIO^EMy-TO adv. for some reason
sent her child to the shop for noHewcy-TO oh ne npiraieji. For some
some bread. Ero nocjiaJin Ha reason he has not come.
pa6oTy b GapaTOB. He was sent IIO^ETHiblS, -an, -oe, -He honorary
to work in Saratov. noneTHoe 3Bamie. An honorary title.
2. to send. IIocjiaTB nucBMO po^ii- noneTHHH rocTb. A guest of honour.
TejEHM. To send a letter to one's IIOHHHflTb see HHHflTb
parents. nOHflCTHTb see ^SCTHTb, 1
n0Cb'lJI|KA gen. pi. -ok parcel nOHTA /.
IIo^TOBaH nocHJiKa. A
parcel sent 1. post. nocbutaTb hto-jih6o hoh-
by post. OrapaBHTB nocbiJiKy. To toh (no noHTe). To send some-
send a parcel. IIojiyqiiTb nocbiJiKy thing by post.
ot po^nTeaen. To receive a parcel post-office. Pa6oTaTb na uonte.
2,
from one's parents. To work at a post-office. 116 iTa
nO-TBOEMy pa66xaeT c 7 yxpa jxo 12 hohh.
1. adv. asyou wish. Bee 6y#eT no- The post-office is open from
TBoeMy. Everything will be done 7 in the morning to 12 at night.
as you wish. IIOHTfl adv. almost
2. paren. word in your opinion. Oh oTftbixaJi hohth flBa Mecflna. He
IIo-TBoeMy, 9to npaBHJibHO? Do rested for almost two months.
you think it's right? nO^yBCTBOBATb see H^BCTBO-
IIOTEPHTb see TEPHTb BATb
nOTOJT|OK m., gen. -Ka ceiling nOfflyTfiTb see myTMTb
Bhcokhh hotojiok. A
high ceiling. II03T m. poet
nod 109 nPE

nOSTOMY adv. that is why IIP ABJ bill 1 , -as, -oe, -Lie right
Ilonieji goTKRh, no§TOMy mh ocxa- IJpaBaH pyna. The right hand (arm).
jiHCfa AOMa. It began raining, that's IIPABIblll 2 -an, -oe, -Lie, short form
,

why we stayed at home, npaB, npaBa, npaBjo, -u

HOHBETbCH see nOHBJI#TbCH 1. only short form right. Oh npaB
nOHBJlii|TbCH, -iocl, -emtcH, -k>t- B 3tom Bonpoce. He is right in
ch imp. r j\ e? / p. noHBirrbCH, hosb- this question. Bli ne npaBH. You
Jii6ci>, noaBHoibCH, nofiBHTCH to ap- are not right.
pear, to come out 2. only complete form right. Bo-
Ha iie6e hohbhjihcb 3Be3,n;Li. S tars poTLCH 3a npaBoe Rem. To fight
came out in the sky. for the right cause.
HOHC m., pi -a UPABJ^RKK m. holiday, festive occa-
1. helt. none naJibTO. ^4 coa£ belt. sion
miipoKiin none. A wide belt. 3a- HaiinoHaJibHHn npa3AHHK. A nation-
CTerayTb none. To fasten the belt. al holiday. ripa3AHiiK IlepBOro
2, waist. Ctohtb b boab no none. Man. The First of May holiday.
To stod waist-deep in water. Il03ApaBJIHTb c npa3AHHKOM. To
XIPABflA /. congratulate on a holiday.
1. truth. 3to npaB,a;a. This is the II P A3 $ H II *I E. bill , -an, -oe, -He fes
|

truth. PoBOpi'iTB npaBfty b rjia3a. tive, holiday-like

To speak the truth to somebody's Ilpa3AHHqHbin ropoft. holiday- A
face. like city. npas^HH^HHU Be^ep. A
2. used as pred. it. is true, ITpaB/ia, festive evening-party. npa3flHHqHHH
ito oh yexaji? — ilpaBija. "Is it koctiom. One's best clothes. npa3,ri-
true that he has left?" — "Yes, Hn^iHoe HacTpoenne. A
holiday mood.
it is." IIPA33H|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yK>T
<> IIo npaB#e rocopa... To tell the imp. ^to? to celebrate
truth... ]Ipa3AH0BaTL no6e,ny. To celebrate
nPABflfiBIMM, -an, -oe, -Lie truthful a victory. IIpa3£H0BaTb j^enb po>K-
npaB^iiBLiii ^ejiOBe.K. A
truthful qeHHH. To celebrate one's birthday.
man. IIpaBAHBLie rjia3a. Truthful HPAKTHKA /.
eyes. IIpaBj^HBaH ncTOpHH. true A {. practical work. IIoexaTb Ha npaK-
story. THKy. To go to practical work.
nPABHJIO neut. IIpoxoAnTb npaKTHKy na 3aBO#e.
1. rule. npaBHJio rpaMMaTHKH. A To do one's practical work at a-
grammar rule. Tpy/rnoe npasnJio. plant.
A hard rule. 2. CBH3aTb Teopnio c npan-
practice.
2. only pi. rules. Go6jrio^aTi> npa- THKon. To link theory with prac-
To observe the rules.
BHJia. tice.
KaKnoaBiiJio. As a rule. IIPAKTfMECKIHH, -aa, -oe, -ne
nPABHJIBH|£>lK, -an, -oe, -Lie; adv. 1. practical. iIpaKTH^ecKiie 3ana-
npasHJiBHO correct; right thh. Practical studies.
IlpaBHJibHHE otb6t. correct an- A 2. practical. npaKTH^ecKHU coBe-r.
swer. Oh npaBHJibHO pemnji aa^a^y. Practical advice.
He solved the problem correctly. HPAIEHHIAH /., gen. -on laundry
ripaBHJiLHo! That's right! CztaBaTb 6ejibe b npawmyio. To
UPABflTEJIBCTBO neut. government send one's washing to the laundry.
1TPAB|0 neut., pi. -a. IIPEBPATflTb see UPEBPADJATb
1. right. H36KpaTeJifcHoe npaBo. Suf- nPEBPATflTbCH see nPEBPA^ATb-
frage. TpaH^aHCKHe npaBa. Civil Cfl
rights. ITpaBo na TpyjD(. The right HPEBPAm A|Tb , -io, -euiB, -h>t imp.
to work IIpaBo na ot^hx. The koto? ito? b k o r 6? b o h 6?/
right torest, Il6jib30BaTbCH npa-
p. npeBpa|THTb, -niy, -Tiimb, -tht
BaMH. To exercise one's rights. to turn (into)
2. law. H3y«iaTB npaBo. To study IIpeBpaTHTb nyCTMHio b ca#. To
law. turn a desert into an orchard.
HPE no nPE

HPEBPAHJAlTBCH, -row,, -embCH, 2. k o r 6? k o m y? to introduce.

-IOTCH imp. B K T 6? BO H T 6?/ Ilo3B6jii>Te npe ACTa bhtb Ban to-
p. npespalTHTbca, -myct, -TiraibCH, Bapuma H. Let me introduce
-TflTCH to turn (into) Comrade N.
npeBpaTHJiacb b nap. The wa-
Bo,o;a nPEfflCTOlHTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not
turned into vapour.
ter used, 3rd pers. -ht, -at imp. k o-
nPE^JIAPAlTb, -io, -emL, -k>t imp. m y? q e m y? to be ahead
kom y? lI gm y? HTO? & + HaM npe^CTOHT HHTepecnaa noeajt-
inf. I npe^JiowiiTB, npeAJiojfty,
p. Ka. We are faced with an interesting
npe^jroH^nmb, npe^Jio>KaT journey. Mne npe^CToiiT noexaTb na
1. to offer. Oh npeflJioJKHJi mm ceBep. / am to go to the north.
k6$c He offered us coffee. nPEnynPEflfiTB see nPE^ynPE-
2. to suggest. Oh npeftJiojiuiJi noii-
Tii b khho. He suggested that we
should go to the cinema.
nPEJjynPE^K^AjTB, -io, -eniB, -iot

IIPEflJtOaCfiHHE 1 neut.
imp. koto? hto? o q e m?/
-aht
p. npeaynpelfli'iTb, -JKy, -Aifrnb,
1. proposal, suggestion. BnecxH
1. to warn. ITpeAynpeAHTb nejioBe-
npe^Jio/Kenne na coSpanHii. To
Ka 06 onacnocTii. To warn a per-
make a proposal at a meeting.
son of danger. iTpesynpeflHTB ot-
BocnoJib30BaTbCH npeAJiOH^enneM.
To
avail oneself of a suggestion.
paA o npnGjinncennn Bpara. To
warn a detachment of the ap-
rioJie3Hoe npeflJiojKeHHe. use- A proach of the enemy.
ful suggestion.
2. to prevent. IlpeAynpoKAaTb 60-
2. proposal. CAe-naib npefljiojKeHiie
Jie3Hb. To prevent a disease.
JirooYiMOH fleByniKe. To propose
to the girl one loves.
nPE/K^E
1. adv. before, first of all. ilpen^e
IIPE3JI05KEHHE 2 neut. sentence;
clause
mh BCTpenaJincb qacTo. used We
often to meet before. ITpejKfte
nPEflJ10>KfITI, see IIPEftJTArATB
Bcero, CKajKHxe rjiaBHoe. First
IIPE^MET m.
of all, tell me the main thing.
1. object. Thjkcjilih npe^MeT. A
2. conj. before. npe>Kffe neu tobo-
heavy object.
piixb, no Ay Man. Think before you
2. subject. H naynaJi 3th npe^MeTH
speak.
B niKOJie. / studied these subjects
at school.
nPEyKHlIlH, -hh, -ee, -ne former
IIPEflnPIIilTIIE neut. enterprise
B npe?KHee BpeVn. In former times;
in the old days. IIpeJKHnH nanaJib-
Pa6oTaTB Ha npej^npUHTHH. To work
hkk. The former chief.
at an enterprise. CoBpeMennoe npe#-
npHHTne. A modern enterprise. nPEKPACH|LIII, -an, -oe, -He, short
IIPEftCEflATEJIB m. chairman form npenpacen, npeKpacnja, -o>
Ilpe^ceflaTeJiB co6pannn. The chair- -h; adv. npeKpacno
man at a npe^ce^aTeJib 1. beautiful. Ona 6HJia npeKpacna,
meeting.
K0JlX03a. A collective- farm
chairman. She was beautiful.
nPEflCTABHTEJlb m. representative 2. fine, wonderful, beautiful. npe-

ITpeflCTaBHTeJixi napo^a. Representa- Kpacnan noroAa- Fine weather.

tives of the people. IIpeACTaBHTejra npeKpacHLin cneKTaKJib. won- A
saBOjia. Representatives from a derful performance. Oh npeKpacno
plant. TanuyeT. He dances beautifully.
IXPEnCTABHTB see IIPEflCTAB- 3. used as particle very good, fine.
JIHTb npeKpacno, h saBTpa npHAy.
nPEJi;CTABJl}!|Tb, -io, -emt, -iot Very good, Pit come tomorrow.
imp. J p. npeACTalBHTL, -bjiio, -Biimb, <> B oahh npeKpaciibiii Aenb. One
-BHT fine day.
1. hto? to imagine. Ilpe^CTaBJiHTB nPEKPATfiTb see XTPEKPAIDtATB
ce6e KapTimy 6yAyin.ero. To II PE K P ATfiTB CH see nPEKPAIHATb-
imagine the future. CH
hpe 111 nPH

nPEKPAID;A|Tb, -10, -emb, -k>t imp. 4. on, with. Hm&tb hto-jih6o npn
hto? & + inf* i P- npeKpa[THTb, ce6e. To have something with one.
-my, -THinb, -tht to stop 5. in. IIpH CBeTe jivhh. In the moon-
IIpeKpaTHTB pa3roBop. To drop a light.
conversation. UpenpaTiiT© pasroBa- nPHEJTOKAlTbCH, -iocb, -emtcji,
pnBaTBl Stop talking! -iotch imp. k kom y? k igm y?/
nPEKPAIH.AlTLCH, 1st & 2nd pers. p. npH6jIH|3HTBCH, -HtyCB, -3HUIBCH,
not used, 3rd pers, -eTCH, -iotch imp./ -3HTCH
p. npeKpaT|HTBca, 1st & 2nd pers. not 1. to approach. Il6e3fl npn6jiHH<aeT-
used, 3rd pers. -htch, -htch to stop ch K ropojry. The train is ap-
JJojKjjb ho npeKpamaJica. The rain proaching the town. fig. npn6jiH- |

didn't stop. BeTep npeKpaTHUCH. 3HTBCH K neJiH. To get nearer to

The wind has abated. one's aim.
IIPfiMHH /. bonus 2. fig. no p. to draw nearer, npntjjin-
IloJiy^HTB njpeMHK). To
get a bonus. >KaeTCH npa3£HHK. The holiday
IIPEOaOJIEBAITfc, -io, -emB, -kjt is drawing near.
imp. hto?/j9. npeo,noJie|TB, -k>, nPHEJlfl3HTECH see IIPHEJIII-
-einb, -k)t to overcome 5KATECH
XIpeoflOJieBaTB npenHTCTBHH. To nPHEOP m.
overcome obstacles. IIpeOflOJieTB yc- 1. device, instrument. TonHBie
TaJiocTB. To overcome fatigue. Ilpe- npnSopBi. Precision instruments.
OflOJieTb CTpax. To overcome fear. 2. set. 06eAeHHBiH npn~66p. Cover.
nPEOftOJIETb see HPEOftOJIEBATE BpHTBenHHH npn66p. Shaving
nPEnO^ABATEJIb ro. teaclier requisites.
Ohhthbih npenoflaBaTeitB. An ex- IIPHEEIBAlTE, -emt, -iot imp,
-io,
perienced teacher. npeno#aBaTeiiB Ky«a? npn6BiTB, npn6yA[y,
/ p.
pyccKoro H3HKa. A Russian teacher. -emB, -yT, past npiiSmi, npn6Ma,
IIPEnHTCTBME neut. obstacle npn6Liji[o, -h to arrive
Cepte3Hoe npenHTCTBne. A serious FjiaBa npaBHTejiBCTBa npnSbiJi c bh-
obstacle. BcTpeTHTb npenaTCTBHe 3htom b coceAHioio CTpany. The
na hvth. To meet with an obstacle. head of the government arrived in
IlpeoAOJieTb Bee npenaTCTBEH. To the neighbouring country on a visit'.
overcome all obstacles. CaMOJier npn6BiJi tohho. The plane
nPECTYIIJIEHHE neut. crime has arrived on time.
CoBepmHTB npecrynji&sne. To com' nPHEL'ITB see IIPHEBIBATL
mit a crime. HPHBECTfl see HPHBOflfiTE
nPECT^nHHK m. criminal IIPHBET m. regards
OnetcHHH npecTynnHK. A dangerous ropannH npnBeT. Warmest regards.
criminal. ApecTOBaTB npecTynmsKa. IlepeAaTb npiraeT
flpyry. To send
To arrest a criminal. a friend one's regards.

IIPH prep. -f- prepos. nPHB£TCTB|OBATE, -yio, -yemb,

1. in one's presence. He roBopnre -yioT imp. koto? h t o? to wel-
TaK npn MHe. DonH speak so in come
my presence. Bee npHBeTCTBOBaJin BLicoKoro ro-
2. under. lips IleTpe I. Under cth. Everyone welcomed the guest
Peter I. of honour. IIpHBeTCTBOBaTB pemenue
3. at. npn TeMnepaiype b 100 rp£jry- npaBHTejiBCTBa. To welcome the de-
cob DjejiLCHH Bo^a npeBpamaeTCH cision of the government.
B nap. At a temperature of 100°C nPHBOflflTB, npHBOJKy, npHBOflHmb,
water turns into vapour. Ilpn cepb- npHBO^HT imp. koto? h t o?/
eaHOM oTHomennH k flejiy bbi ro- p. npnBecTH, npnBe#]y, -emt, -yT,
6teTecB 6oirBmHx ycnexoB. // you past npnBeji, npHBeji[a, -6, -n
adopt a serious attitude towards 1. to bring. IIpHBecTH pe6enKa b
what you do, you'll make great j^ctckhh ca#. To bring a child
progress. to the kindergarten.
 112 npfir

2. to lead, flopora npHBeJia b nee. nPH,n;yMbIBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot

The road led to the forest. imp', hto? / p. npH,nyMa|Tb, -io,
3. fig. to lead. 3to npHBejio k to- -erab, -iot to make up, to think of,
My, hto... This led to... to invent
4. to quote, to cite. npiiBO^trTB npn- IIpiiAyMaTb npeA-fio^enne. To make
MepH. To quote examples. ITpHBec- up a sentence. IIpHgyMaTb hcto-
tii nirraTy. To cite a quotation. piiK). To invent a story. IIpimyM&HTe
nPHBbIKA|Tb, -emb, -iot imp.
-io, HTO-HH&jyAbI Think of something!
k k o m y? k ?6M y? & -[- inf. I p. IIPHE33KA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
npHBHKHlyTL, -y, -emb, -yT, pasf nyfla?//). npnexaTb, npne^ly,
npiiBHK, -Jia, -310, -JIH -emb, -yT to come
1. to get accustomed. flpiiBbiKaTb IIpiiexaTb b qyJKofi ropoA- To come
k HOBOMy KjiiiMaTy. To get accus- to a strange city. ITpiiexaTb k po-
tomed to a new climate. IIpHBLi- AHTejiHM. To come to one's parents.
W&TE> :• HOBHM TOBapiiiljaM. To Ilpiiexary, na TpaMBie. To come by
get accustomed to new friends. tram.
2. to get into the habit (of). IIps- nPHEXATb see IIPME3}KATb
bhkhvtb KypiiTB. To get into IIPI13HAI B ATb , -io, -emb, -iot imp.
the habit of smoking. koto? ito? / p. npH3ea|Tb, -io,
nPHBblKHy-Tb see nPHBMKATb -emb, -iot
IIPHBb'IHIKA f., gen. pi. -eit habit 1. to recognise. npH3HaBaTb hobog
Xopouiafl npiiBM^Ka. A
good habit. npaBHTeJiBCTBO. To recognise a
Bpe^Hatf npHBH^Ka. A dangerous new government.
habit. 2. to admit. IIpH3HaTb cboet omn6-
nPIirJIAC&Tb see nPHTJIAIHATb kh. To admit one's mistakes.
IIPHrJIAfflAlTb, -K3, -enib, -iot imp. nPH3HA|B ATbCH -kjcb, -embCH,
,

koto? ito?& + npnrjiai-

inf. / p. -iotch imp. kom y? q e m y? b
chtb, -my, -ciinib, -crt to invite q e m?/ p. npH3Ha|TbCB, -iocb, -emb-
npurjiacirrb j^eBymny b TeaTp. To ch, -iotch
invite a girl to the theatre. IIpH- 1. to declare. IIpH3HaTbca AeBynme
rjiamaTb b rocTH. To invite some- b jiioSbu. To declare one's love to
body to one's house. Oh npnrjiacnji a girl.
flesyniKy TanueBaTb. He asked the 2. to admit. IIpB:3HaTbCH b cbohx
girl to dance with him, orau6Kax. 'To admit one's mis-
takes.
IIPIirJIAIIIEHHE neut. invitation
HojiyquTb npurjiameHne na Beqep. XIPH3HATb see IIPH3HABATb
To get an invitation for an evening- nPH3HATbCH see IIPH3HAB ATbCH
party. ITpiiHHTL npnr3iameHiie no- nPHHTfl see IIPHXO^IiTb
ceTHTb CTpany. To accept the invi- nPHfiTfiCb seenPHXOftfiTbCH
tation to visit a country. IIPHKA3 m. order
IIPBTOBOP m. sentence
GTpornn npHKa.3. A strict order. Bbi-
noJiHHTb npHKas KOMaHAupa. To
GnpaBe^JiMBBin nparoBOp. A fust
carry out the commander s order.
'

sentence. Bmhochtb npnrOBOp. To

Ota^tb npHKa3 coJi^aTaM. To give
pass sentence. IIpHBOflHTb npnro-
an order to the soldiers.
Bop B rrcnojiHenue. To execute] a
ni>HKA3ATb see IIPHK A3 bIBATb
Et PHK A3 H B Aj Tb
sentence.
io, -emb, -iot imp.'
,

nPIiroiAflTbCH, -Hcyct, -AHmbCH, k o m y? q e m y? -f- inf. [ p. npni<a-

-.hatch p. k o m y? q e m' y? to prove 3aTb, npnKaJKy, npnKa?Kemb, npn-
useful Ka>KyT to order
Mue npnro/iuJiCH tbom cob6t. Your IlpHKa3aTb BoncKaM na^aTb na-
advice proved useful to me. CTynJieHne. To order the troops to
nPIirOTOBHTb see FGTOBHTb, 1 commence an offensive.
nPHrOTOBIITbCH see POTOBHTb- nPHMEP m.
CH 1. example. Bbitb npuwepoM ajih
nPHHYMATb see nPHfl^MblBATb Apyrnx. To set an example for
nPH 113 hph

others. OieAOBaTb npiiMepy 6 para. He was prpsent when this conversa-

To follow one's brother's example, tion took place.
2. example. ITpHBecTH npiiMep. To nPHCBIJTAlTB, -ro, -emb, -iot imp.
quote an example. koto? hto? ko m y? / p. npnl-
nPHHA#JIE5K|ATL, -y, -rinib, -a T cji&tb, -mirio, -mjiemb, -hijikjt
imp. k o m y? ^e My? to belong 1. hto? k o m y? to send. IIpHCLi-
3eMJiH npHiiaAJiexurr napoAy. The JiaTb nncbMa MaTepn. To send
land belongs to the people. letters to one's mother. ITpnxJiaTb
HPHHECTfl see UPHHOCflTb nncbMo no noHTe. To send a
IIPIIHMMAlTb, -K), -einb, -iot imp. letter by post.
koto? HTo7/p. npHHHTb, npHMy, 2. k o ro? 3 a h e m? to send. ITpH-
npiTMemb, npifMVT, past npimnji, cjiaTb 6paxa 3a KHiiroiL To send
npHHffjia, npi'iHHJi|o, -n one's brother for a book.
1. to receive. IIpHHHMaTb ro-CTeH. nPHXGflfiTb, npnxojKy, npiixoAHmb,
To receive guests. npHXOAHT imp. I p. npuHTH, npiiAly,
2. to take. IIpHHHMaTb JieKapcTBO. -emb, -yT, past npnmejx, npnmjija,
To take medicine. -6, -k
3. to take. jflpHHHTb penienne. To 1. tO Come. UpHHTH aomoh. To
take a decision. come home. IIpHXOAHTb na JieK-
4. to adopt. npiitiHTb hobhh 3a- HHK). To come to a lecture. IIpH-
koh. To adopt a new law. IIpH- XOABTb K 60JIbH0My TOBapHIHV.
hhtb pe3uJiioHHio. To adopt a To come and' see a sick friend.
resolution. IIpHHTH B roCTH. To come on a
5. to accept. IIpHHHMaTb npe£JTO- visit.
>KeHne. To accept an offer, IIpH- 2, to, set in. npnmjia BecHa. Spring
HHTb npur.JiaraeHHe. To accept has set in.
an invitation. 3: to come. IIpHHTH k BUBOAy (pe-
6. to admit. Moero cbina npimaJiH meHHip). To come to a conclusion
b HHGTHTyr. My
son has .been (a decision). IIpHHTH K corJia-
admitted to the institute. meHHio. To come to an agree-
7. nprmaTb y^acTue (b HeM-jifiSo).
:
ment.
To take part (in something). 4.:IIpHHTH b BOCTopr. To be enrap-
HPHHOCfiT£>, npaHOiny, npHHociinib, tured.
nptiHocHT imp. koto? 1ito?/
<> MHe b rojiosy npnmjia mbicjib.
p. iipiiBec|TH, -y, -emb, -yT, past An idea' occurred to me. IIpHHTH
rrpunec, npimecJi|a, -6, -ri b. ce6n. To come to one's senses.
1. to bring. IIpHHecTH neMOAaH. To IIpHBTH b c03HaHHe. To regain
bring a suit -case. consciousness.
2. ITpHHocnTb noJib3y (BpeA). To
:

prove useful (harmful),

nPHXOftfiTECH impers. npnxoAHTCH
nPfiHIJffll m. principle
imp. kom y? npHHTBcb, npH-
/ p.
AeTCH,: past npnmJiocb to have (to)
MMeTb TBepAbre npHHHnnbi. To have Mae ripHAeTCfl BaM Bee paccKa3aTb.
firm principles. OcHOBHtie npnHHK- have to tell you everything. Haw
I'll
Hccjie#oBaHHfl. The basic princi-
ii hi
npnmjiocb npo^HTaTb Gojibihoh Ma-
ples of investigation.
TepnaJi. We had to read much ma-
IIPMHflTb see III MHHMATB terial.
HPHPOflA nature /.
BoraTan npHpoA^- Rich plant and nPHHECAT£>CH see IIPH^ECBI-
animal life. MayqaTb npnpoAy. To BATbCH
study nature. HPHHECMBAITbCH, -iocb, -embCH.,
IIPIICJIATB see IIPHCblJIATB -iotch imp. ien?/p. npsqecaibCH,
nPHCyTCTB|OBATb, -yio, ~yemb, npnqemycb, npHMemerabCH, npn-
~y eot imp. tag? to be present HemyTCfi to comb one's bair
npIICVTCTBOBaTb Ha co6paHHii. To UPH^riHA /. cause/reason
be present at a meeting. Oh npa- GMenTbca 6e3 nparaHHH. To laugh
cyTCTBoBaJi npn stom pa3roBope. without any reason.
nPH 114 npo

nPM#TH|bI#, -an, -oe, -He, short 6. to spend. IIpoBecTH KaenKyjibi

form npiiHTeH, npiiHTHja, -o, -h; b AepeBne. To spend one's holi-
adv. npHHTHO pleasant, nice days in the country.
IIpHfiTHEif leiroBeK. nice person. A nPOBOflflTb 2 see IIPOBOHATb
IIphhthhh nBeT. nice colour. A IIPOBO>KA|Tb, -to, -emb, -iot imp.
IIpHHTHafl hoboctb. Pleasant news. koto? / p. npoBOAnTb, npoBOjKy,
\predic. impers. Miie 6hjio npHHTHO npoBOAEmb, nposoAHT
CJiymaTb ero. It was pleasant to 1. to see (somebody borne). On
me to listen to him. npoBOAHJi fteBymKy aomoh. He
IIPO prep. acc., colloq about saw the girl home.
-J- ;
PaccKajKii npo ce6n. Tell about 2. to see off. IIpoBo>KaTb Apyra Ha
yourself. Oh paccKa3as naM cna3Ky BOKsaJi. To see one's friend to
npo BoJina. He told us a tale about the railway station. Bqepa mbi
a wolf. npoBOJKajin npo$coio3Hyio ^eae-
<> HitTaxb npo ce5n. To read to rannio. Yesterday we saw off a
oneself. trade-union delegation.
IIPCE |OB ATB -yso, -yemb,
, -vkjt nporpAMMA /.
imp. h t o? or -f- inf. /p. no- 1. programme. IIporpaMMa na nflTb
np66|0BaTb, -yio, -yenib, -viot JieT. A five-year programme.
1. to try. IIonp66oBaTb pemnTb IIporpaMMa napTim. A party
3aAaHy. To try to solve the prob- programme.
lem. 2. programme. IIporpaMMa KOHnep-
2. to taste. IIonp66oBaTb cyn. To Ta. The programme of the con-
taste the soup. cert. TeaTpajibeaH nporpaMMa.
3. :Oh nonpoSosaJi cboh chjibi b A theatre programme.
<J)yT6oJie. He tried his skill at 3. syllabus. IIporpaMMa no MaTe-
football. MaTHKe. A syllabus in mathemat-
IIPOBEPHTb see IIPOBEPtfTb ics.
IIPOBEP#|Tb, -m, -erat, -iot imp. IIPOAA|BATb, -io, -emb, -k»t imp.
h t o? / p. npoBep|nTb, -io, -nmb, <ito? koto? k o m y?/ p. npOAaTb,
-ht to check, to try nnoAaM, npoflamb, npoAacr, npoAa-
IIpoBepHTb ynpajKHeHiie. To check Ahm, npOASAHTe, npOAaAyT, past
an exercise. IIpoBepHTb ohht. To npoAaji, npoAajia, npoAaJi|o, -h to
check an experiment. sell
IIPOBECTff IlPOBOflfiTb 1
see Ha pLiHKe npOAaiOT $pyKTH n obo-
nPOBOftfiTb 1 npoBOJKy, npoBOAnmb,
, mn. They sell fruit and vegetables
npoBOA^T imp./p. npOBecTii, npo- at the market.
Be^ly, -emb, -vt, past npoBeji, npo- IIPO ,0,ABj Eli; m., gen. -na shop-assis-
BeJi|a, -6, -n tant, salesman
1. koto? ito? ny^a? to lead. PaSoTaTb npoAaBHOM. To work as
Oh npoBeji tocth b KOMeaTy. a shop-assistant (salesman).
He led the guest into the room. nPO^ATb see nPO^ABATb
IIpoBecTH napoxoA no KanaJiy. nP0A0Jl>KA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
To navigate a ship through a h t o? & +
inf. to continue
canal. IIpOA0Ji?KaTb pa3roBop. To continue
2. to run over. ITpoBecTU pyKofl no the conversation. npOAOJi?KaTb neTb.
bojiocsim. To run one's hand over To continue singing.
ones hair. nPOflOJI5KA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.
3. to draw. IIpoBecTir jihhhio. To not used, 3rd pers. -ercn, -iotch
draw a line. imp. to last
4. to put. npoBecTH nanaji b ny- Co6panne npoAOJDKaJiocb ao Bene-
CTHHe. To cut a canal through pa. The meeting lasted till the
the desert. IIpoBecTH paAiio, ra3. evening.
To put radio, gas (in the house). nPOAOJJ>KEHHE neut. continuation
5. : UpoBecTn aKCKypcuio. To con- IIpoAOJi/KeHiie pasrOBopa. The con-
duct an excursion. tinuation of a conversation. IIpOAOJi-
npo 115 nro

>Kenne pOMana. The continuation of 2. fig. to make. nponsBecTu rjiy66-

a novel. Koe BnenaTJienne. To make a
<> IIpoAOJi/KeHne cjie^yeT. To be profound impression.
continued. nPOHSBOftCTBO neut.
nPOflYKTM provisions
pi. 1. OUtpUt. IIpOH3B6ACTBO CTaJlH.
npoAVKTH mrraniiH. Food-stuffs. Steel output.
Mojio^hhg upoAyKTBi. Dairy prod- 2. production. OpyAHH npon3BOA~
ucts. IIoKynaTb npojoQ/KTH b Mara- CTBa. Implements of production.
3ime. To buy provisions at a shop. nP0H3H0HIEHIlE neut. pronuncia-
nPOE35KAlTb, -io, -enib, -iot imp. tion
n t o? m ii moh e r 6? / p. npoexaTb, IIpaBnubnoe npoii3Homeniie. The
npoeAly, -enib, -yT correct pronunciation.
1. to drive past. Ilpoe3>KaTb ropoA- IIP0H30ilTfI see UPOMCXOAflTL
To drive past a town. !Tpoe3- nPOHCXOASTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not
H<ari> mhmo AOMa. To drive past used, 3rd pers. npoucxoAUT, npo-
a house. hcxoa^t imp. / p. iiponsouTn, 1st &
2. to cover (a distance). npoexaTb 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. npo-
cto KHJiOMeTpoB. To cover100 H30HAleT, -yT, past npoii30meJi,
kilometres. B ache, mmnpoe3- npoii3oniJi|a, -6, -u to happen
mimi 50 km. We covered 50 kilo- GO MHOH IfpOII30mejI IIIITCpeCHHII
metres a day. CJiynan. An interesting tiling hap-
3. to miss. H ne snaji, rAe nyjKHO pened to me. ^Ito 3Aecb nponcxo-
BHXOflHTb, n npoexaji ocTanoBKy. AHT? What's happening here? 9Toro
I didn't know where to get off 6h ne npoii3omjio, ecjiii 6w bh 6h-
and missed my stop. H *iacTO jih ocTopo>KHH c orneM. This would
npoe3?Kaio cboio ocTanoBKy. / not happened had you been careful
often miss my stop. with fire.
IIPOEXATb see IIPOE3>KATb IIPOHTM see nPOXOflilTb
IIPOjJKlITb, -JKHBy, -jKiiBemb, -jKHByT nPOMBIinJIEHHOCTB /. industry
past npo>KHJi, npontiiJia, npoJKiiJi|o, THH^ejian npoMHinJieiinocTb. The
-n p. to live heavy industry. JlerKan npoMbim-
Oh npojKHJi 75 JieT. He lived 75 jienHOCTb. The light industry. Paa-
years. H npoHiiiJi b dtom ropOAe BHBaTb npoMLiniJieiiHocTb. To devel-
10 JieT. / lived 10 years in that op industry.
town. IIPOMIjI IIIJIEHIll BIfl ,
-an, -oe, -ne
IIP 03 PA M hlB , -an, -oe, -tie trans-
H industrial
parent IIpoMbiniJieHHHn ropoA- An indus-
nPOIirPATB IIPOflrPblBATb
see trial town. np'OMHnuieHHHH rmnTp,
nPOfirPLIBA|TI>, -io, -enib, -iot imp. paiion. An industrial centre, region
qTo? k o m y? ieMy?/p. nponr- UPOnAflAITB, -io, -enib, -iot imp./p.
pa|Tb, -io, -enib, -iot to lose (a nponacTb, nponaAly, -emb, -yT,
game, be defeated
etc.), to past nponaji, -a, -o, -n
Hama KOMaHjia nponxpajia. Our 1. to be lost, y Menn nponaji hocoboh
team lost. IIponrpaTb Boihiy. To be lost my handkerchief.
riJiaTOK. /
defeated in the war. 2. to disappear. On yrueii Bnepa
nP0M3BE#EHIlE neut. work Be^iepoM h nponaJi. e went H
npoH3BeAeHiie iicKyccxBa. A
work away yesterday evening and dis-
of art. npoii3BeAeHEfl IlyniKHHa. appeared.
The works of Pushkin. 3. to be wasted. BpeMH nponajio
nPOH3RECT0 see nP0II3B0#&Tb spn. The time has been wasted.
IIP0H3B0HIITb, npoH3Boa<y t
npoii3- <> Bee uponajio! All is lost! fl
BOAnmb, npoH3BOAflT imp. n t o?/ npoiitiJi. / am a lost man!

p. npoH3BecTii, npoii3Be#|y, -enib, IIPOflACTB see HPOIIA^ATB

-yr,past nponsBeji, npoH3BeJi]a,-6, -n nPOriYGKAITB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
1. to produce. IIpoii3BOAHTi> cran- k o r 6? n t o? / p. nponycTiiTb, npo-
ku. To produce machine-tools. nym)' r
,
nponycTiimb, nponycTHT
npo 116 HPO

1. to let through. Tprfsnoe CTeKJio easily. Oh citjibho npocTVAUJiCH.

hjioxo nponycKaeT cBeT. dirty A He caught a bad cold.
glass lets the light through badly. nPOCTMHtf /., pi. npocTHHH, npo-
2. to let go before. IIponycKaTb cTHHb, npocTHHHM, etc. bedsheet
fteBymKy Bnepeft. To let a girl IIPOCbinA[TbCH, -iocb, -enibcn, -iot-
go before one. ch imp. / p. npocnlyTbca, -ycb,
3. to omit. IIponycTHTB cjiobo b -embCH, -yTCH to awake
flHKiaHTe. To omit a word in IIpocHyTbCH paao yTpoM. To awake
the dictation. early in the morning.
4. to miss. riponycKaTb jieKHHH. riPOCbBA /. request
To miss lectures. OSpaTftTbCH c npocb6on. To make
nponycTfiTb see nponycKATb a request. BkinojiHHTb npocbSy. To
IIPOCflTB, npomy, npocmnb, npocHT comply with one's request. Y Menn
imp. koto? i t o? o ik? & k BaM 6oJibman npocbSa. I have a
+ p- inf. J p. nonpocHTb, nonpo- Sreat favour to ask of you.
ray, iionpocnniB, nonpocHT to ask TUB prep. ~\- gen.
IIpocHTB TOBapnma o homo inn. 1. opposite. GTO«Tb npoTHB ok Ha.
To ask friend for help. Uo-
one's To stand opposite the window.
npocHTb hobhh >KypHiJi y Apyra. 2. against. BopoTbcn npoTHB Bpa-
To ask a friend for a new maga- ra. To fight against the .enemy.
zine. Oh npociiJi nac npoqn-raTb 3. against, in the opposite direc-
paccK8t3 eme pa3. He asked us to tion. M/tth npoTHB BeTpa. To
read the story once more. no- Mh go against the wind.
il pocnjin, ^jtoSh oh nomea c naMH. OPOXJlA^HIblfi, -an, -oe, -He, short
We asked him to go with us. form npoxjia^en, npoxJiaAH|a, -o,
nPOCH^TbCH see IIPOCblllATbCH -h; adv. npoxjia^HO cool
nPOCnfiKT m. avenue ITpoxjia/iHHii Be^iep. A cool evening.
HPOCTfTTb see nPOnjATb \predic. impers. CeroAHH na
nPOCTflTbCH see nPOIE(ATbCH yjrane npoxjiaAHO. It is cool outside
IIPOCT|OS, -an, -6e, -tie, short form today.
npocT, npocTa, npocrjo, -h; adv. IIPOXOflfiTb, npoxo>Ky, npoxoAHmb,
npocTo; comp. nponje npoxoAHT imp. / p. npouTn, npon-
1. simple. ITpocToH npn66p. A A|y, -einb, ~yT, past npomeji, npo-
simple device. FIpocTan 3aAaqa. mj]|a, -6, -ii
Asimple problem. 9to 6 tienb 1. to move. ITpoHTH BnepeA- To
npocTO c^eJiaTb. It is very sim- move to the ITpoHTir no
front.
ple to do. yjinne. To go along the street.
2. ordinary. ITpocToH qejioBeK. An 2. to go through. IIpoHTii *iepe3
ordinary man. Jiec. To go through the forest.
3. npocTo particle simply, merely. K Jlymi coJinna ne woryr nponTH
CKa3aJi 3T0 npocTO Tan. / said this CKB03B rycryfo JincTBy. The sun's
for no special reason. 3to npo- rays cannot penetrate the thick
cto nexopomo. It is simply not foliage. Pa3peiHHTe npoiiTn. Will
nice. you let me pass, please?
UPOCTPAHCTBO neut. space 3. to go past. npoxoAHTb mhmo
IIpocTpaHCTBo h BpeMH. Space and 3ASLHUH, To go past a building.
time. Be3B03AyniHoe npocTpancTBO. 4. to cover. IlponTn aa Aenb 6oJiee
A vacuum. 20 KHJiOMeTpoB. To cover over 20
IIPOCTyAflTLCH see nPOCTYJKH- kilometres a day.
BATbCH 5. to be over. 3iiMa npomJia. The
nPOCTy5KHBA|TbCH, -iocb, -embcn, winter is over. IipoaiJio Tpn ^a~
-iotch imp. j p. npocTy^iiTBcs, ca. Three hours went by.
npocTyjK^'cb, npocTy^nmbCH, npo- 6. to cease. roJioBHan 6o/ib npomJia.
CTy^HTCH to catch cold The headache has ceased, ^ojkab
OceHbio JierKo mojkho npocTyAHTb- npomeji 6tiCTpo. It soon stopped
CH. In autumn people catch colds raining.
npo 117 nyc

7. to study. IIpoxoflHTb Kypc <£h- 2. to develop. IIpOHBHTb njienKy.

3HKH. To study a course of phys- To develop a film.
ics. npOXOflWTb Kypc Jie^eHHH. nPBTXAITb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.}
To undergo treatment. p. npbirH|yTb, -y, -einb, -yT to jump
IIPOTHTATb see 4IITATb npHrnyTb ^epe3 c/ryji. To jump
IlPOHHlblK, -an, -oe, -He, short form over a chair.IIpbiraTb c 6epera b
npoueH, npo^raa, npo^Hlo, -h; adv. bo Ay. To jump from
the shore into
npoHHo the water. IIpbiraTb b flJinny. To
1. durable. IIpo^HHii MaTepnaJi. A do a long jump. IIpbiraTb b bhco-
durable material. Ty. To do a high jump. IIpbiraTb.
2. fig. strong, lasting. IIpohhhh c naparntOTOM. To parachute.
Miip. A lasting peace. Hama HPfelrHyTL see IIPbirATb
Apy?K6a npoqna. Our friendship nPHM|<3R, -an, -oe, -bie, short form
is strong, npHM, npaMa, npaM|o, -h; adv.
nP0mJI|bIft, -an, -oe, -bie last npHMO
B npouiJiOM rojiy. Last year. Ha 1. straight. ITpaMaa jihhhh. A
npoaiJiofi neja;eJie. Last week. straight line. IIpHMaa ftopora.
,
-io, -emb, -iot imp. k o- A straight road. HAtrre Bee" BpeMJi
ro? hto? / p. npoJCTflTb, -my, npHMO. Go straight on all the time.
-CTUfflb, -CTflT 2. only complete form through.
1. to forgive. IIpocTHTb ^eJioBeKa. IIpaMoe cooSmeHiie M&Kfly ropo-
To forgive a person. IIpomaTb AaMH. A through service between
oihiiSkit. To forgive one's mis- towns.
takes. npoCTtiTe aieHHl Excuse me! 3. fig. frank.IIpHMOH otb6t. A, frank
2. sorry. TTpoCTirre, bh ne anaeTe, answer. IIpflMOH xapaKTep. A
rjie IlBanoB? Sorry, do you know sincere character. GKa3a.Tb npaB-
where Ivanov is? npocTi'rre, bh fly npHMO b jihho. To speak the-
ne CKa>KeTe, ksk npoexaTb b truth to one's face.
CoKOJibHHKH? Excuse me, can IIPiI|TATb, -iy, -nenib, -nyT imp..
you tell me how to get to So- KOTO? H T 0? T K o r 6? T h e-
kolniki? ro?/p. cnpa|TaTb, -ny, -^emb, -qyr
nPOIEJA.|TbCH, -iocb, -enibca, -iotch to hide
imp. c k e m? e ieM? / p. npo|- IIpaTaTb chhhkii ot pe6eHKa. To-
CTFJTbCH, -myCb, -CTUmbCH, -CTHTCH, hide the matches from the child.
or nonpoiua|TbCfi, -iocb, -embCH, IIP>J[TATbCH, -qycb, -neuibCH, -lyTCH
-K>TCH imp. ot koto? ot qer 6?/
1. to take leave. IIonpom;aTbCH c poji,~ p. cnpB[TaTbCH, -^ycb, -qembca,
HHMir nepeji OTBeaaoM. To say -hvtch to hide
good-bye to one's relatives before ripfiTaTbea ot BparoB b Jiecy. To
one's departure. hide from the enemies in the woods.
2. fig.: IlpOCTITTbCH C MeHTOH. To nTfriJA /. bird
give up one's dream. IlTnriH JieTeJiH k iory. The birds
<> IIpomaii(Te)! Good-bye! were flying to the south.
HPOHRflTb see IIPOHBJDlTB <> floMaraHHH nTHna. (no pi.)
nPOHBjlHjTb, -io, -enib, -iot imp. Poultry.
H T 0? / p. npOHBHTb, npOHBJIIO, HpO- ITSTOBHIJA /. button
HBHtnb, npOHBHT 3acTernyTb naJibTO na Bee nyro-
1. to display. npoflBHTb HHTepec bhhh. To button up one's coat.
k TeMe. To display an interest IiyCKAjTb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.f
in a subject. IIpoflBHTb bhhmel- p. nycTikb, nymy, nycTHinb, nyc-
nne k ycnexaM #pyra. To show THT
interest in one's friend's success. 1. to let go. H HHKyna Te6n ne
IIpoHBHTb aa6oTy. To show so- nynj;y! — CKa3aJia
MaTb, "/ won't
licitude. npOHBHTb CM.eJIOCTb, let you go anywhere!" said the
repO03M. To display courage, mother. MaTb He nycKaJia ero
heroism. ryjiHTb. The mother would not
nyc 118 PAB

. let him go for a walk. Mx nyc- <> Bm na eepnoM nyTii.

ctohtc
thjih b flOM. They were let into You arethe right track. Hath
on
the house. no BepiiOMy nyxii. To go along
2. to put into operation. IlycTHTb the right road. OiaCTJinnoro ny-
aJie-KTpocTaHijnio. To put an th! A happy journey I On 3amejr
electric power station into ope- ko Miie no nyTii. He dropped
ration. IlycTiJTL noe3A- To start in at my place on the way. Ho
a train service. nyTH AOMoii n KynuJi ra3eTy.
<> IlyCTHTb Kopim. To take root. On my way home I bought a
IlycTHTb b xoa. To set in motion. newspaper. Ha o6paTHOM nyTH.
IlycKaTb nbijit* b rjia3a. To show On one's way back.
off- UBIJIB /., prepos. b numi dust
nycxriTb see nycKATt CTHpaxb hhjib. To dust.
nyCT|OH, -in, -6e, -Lie, short form nbfiCA /. play
nycT, nycra, nycT|o, -li; adv. nycTO * 3Ta nbeca iiact b TeaTpe ManKOB-
1. empty. riycTOH CTaKan. An CKOro. This play is on at the Maya-
empty glass. 3aJi 6hji nycT. The kovsky Theatre. 9Ty nbecy no-
hall was empty. Ha yjinne 6lijio ct&bhji OxJionKOB. This play was
nycTO. The street was deserted. staged by Okhlopkov. IlbecLi M6ce-
2. fig. shallow. IlycTOH nejioBeK. na. Plays by Ibsen.
A shallow person. IlycTOH cnop. nbfllllblH, -an, -oe, -ne
A pointless argument. 1. drunk.
nyCTb'IIia desert
/. 2. used asa drunken man.
n.
nyCTb particle let HHTEPO num.
five
IlycTB oh npH^eT 3aBTpa. Let him IlfiTepo Apy3en. Five friends.
come tomorrow. ITycTb Bcer^a 6y- IIHTHO neut., pi. nnTna, nnreu stain
j\qt cojmnel May there always be ^epuHJibnoe nnTno. An ink-stain.
sunshinel
ny TEIII ECTBME neut. journey, voy-
age, trip P, P
KpyrocBeTHoe nyTemecTBHe. A pab Ota /.
round-the-world journey. IlyTernecT- 1. no pi. work. Tn>Kejian pa6oTa.
Biie no Mopio. A
voyage. HyTemeCT- Hard work. Pa6oTa BJieKTpo-
Bne b Espony. A
journey to Europe. CTaHE(HH. The work of the elec-
CoBepuiHTb nyTemecTBne no tricpower station.
CTpaHe. To travel in a country. 2. no pi. work, job. XIocTynnrb na
n y TE HIECTB OB ATB |
,
-yio, -yemB, pa6oTy. To go to work. IToTe-
-yior imp. to travel pHTb pa6oTy. To lose one's job.
nyTemecTBOBaTL no CTpane. To HaHTH pa66Ty. To find a job.
travel in a country. nyTemeCTBO- H^Tif na pa6oTy. To go to work.
BaTB no Mopio. To travel by sea. 3. work. BbicTaBKa pa66T xvaojk-
H jiio6jiio nyTemecTBOBaTB. / like HHKa. Exhibition of an artist's
travelling. works.
IiyTb m., gen., dat. t prepos. nyra, PABOTAITB, -io, imp.
-erab, -iot
instr. nyTeM; pi. nyTH f nyTen, 1. to work. On
paSoTaeT xopoino.
nyTHM etc. He works well. PaSoTaxb inu-Ke-
1. way. 3tot nyTb caMtin kop6t- nepoM. To work as an engineer.
khh. This way is the shortest. PaSoTaTb b HHCTHTyTe. To work
2. journey. BaM npeftCTOiiT Tpy^nHH at an institute. PaSoTaTb c nn-
h onacHtin nyTb. There is a Teper,OM. To work with interest.
difficult and dangerous journey 2. to work. Pa6oTaTb najx CTaTben,
ahead of you. na^ KHnron. To work at an
3. fig. way. KaKiiM nyTeM bh ao6it- article, at a book.
jiiicl Tannx pe3yjibTaT0B? How 3. to work. Mamnna paSoTaeT
(in what way) did you achieve otjihhho. The machine works per-
such results? fectly well.
PAB 119 PA 3

<> Kto ne pafxvraeT, tot He 6ct. PAftlOBATBCfl, -yiocb, -yembcn,

He who does not work, neither shall -yiOTCH imp. k o m y? q e m y?/
he eat. p. oSpaAjoBaTbCH, -yiocs, -yenibca,
PABOHIHS m. f
gen. -ero worker -yioTca to rejoice
PABOHlHfl, -an, -ee, -He PaAOBaTbCH BecHe. To rejoice at
1. working. Pa66^HH KJiacc. The spring. Mbi paAyeMCH BamHM ycne-
working-class. Pa66qee jjj&wkq- xaM. We rejoice at your success.
hhc The working-class move- PAAOCTb /. joy, happiness
ment. y Menn 6oJibniaa paAocrb. / have
2. working. Pa66nee BpeMH. Work- great joy. Oh CKa3a.Ji MHe 06 btom
ing hours. Pa66^HH koctiom. c paAOCTbio. He told me about it
Working clothes. with joy.
PaSoHiiii achb. Working day. PA3 m.
Paoo^aa CHJia. Manpower. 1. time. JKnanb a^Stcr tojibko
PABHOA^raHlMH, -an, -oe, -He, oahh pa3. Life is given to man
short form paBHOjjymeH, paBHO- only once. HecKOJibKO pa3. Sev-
Aynmla, -o t -h; adv. paBHOflyrano eral times.
indifferent 2. time. B nepBHH pas. For the
Oh pasHOaymeH k npnpoAe. He is first time. Ha 6tot paa. This
indifferent to nature. time Oa^h pa3 HAy fl no yjra-
PAbH|BIK, -an, ~oe, -He, short form ne... One day I was going along
paBen, paBH|a, -6, -h the street ...

1. equal. PaBHbie chjibi. Equal <> KaK pa3. Just. He pa3. More
forces. than once. Hh pa3y. Not once,
2. equal. Mbi see Bjiech paBHH. We never. CeMb pa3 OTMepb, orhh
are all equal here. pa3 OTpejitb. Cf. Measure thy cloth
3. equal. flBa hjiioc Asa pasno ne- ten times; thou canst cut it but
TupeM. Two plus two is four. once.

<> Mne Bee paeHO. It's all the PA3EMBA|TBCH -k>cb, -enibcn, -iotch

same to me. imp. J p. pa36HTbca, pa3o6b[K>Cb,

-embCH, -K)TCH
PAfl, -a, -o, -h short adj. kom y? 1. to break. OraKaH pa36iiJiCH. The
?eM y? & + inf (to be) glad
glass has broken. CTeKJio pa36n~
H bqm oqeHb paA- / am very glad Jiocb. The glass has broken.
to see you. Mh pa/ru BamHM ycne- 2. to crash. CaMOJier pa36njicH. The
xaM. We your success.
rejoice at
plane has crashed.
Pa# Bac B^AeTB. glad to see Vm PA3E&FB see BIITB
you. H paAa, hto bbi npHBUin. Vm PA3EflTBCH see PA3EHBATBCH
glad you have come.
PASByfl'flTB see BVJlffcTh
PA3H0 neut., indecl., no pi. PA3BE emphatic particle really
1. radio. M3o6peTeHne pa#H0. The Pa3Be JieKHHH KOHHHJiacb? Has
invention of the radio. ITepe^a- the ended? PasBe th He
lecture
BaTB no paAHO. To broadcast. snaemb? Don't you know?
2. radio. FfpOBecTH paAHO. To PA3BE,D[|KA /., gen. pi. -ok
put radio (in a house). Bkjxiohhtb 1. prospecting. PasBeAKa noJie3HLix
paAHO. To turn on the radio. HCKonaeMbix. Prospecting for
Bhkjuo^htb paAHO. To turn off mineral deposits.
the radio. CriymaTb paAHO. To 2. : Bo3AyniHafl pasBeAKa. Air recon-
listen to the radio. naissance.
P&mOBATB, -yio ( -yemb, -yioT imp. 3. :BoeHHan pa3BeAKa. Intelligence.
koto? HTO?/p. o6paA|oBaTb -yio, t
4. intelligence service. Pa66Ta pas-
-yenib, -yroT to make glad BeAKH. The work of the intelli-
Hac paAyioT BamH ycnexn. We gence service.
rejoice at your success. Meen o6pa- PA3BHBA|TB, -k), -erab, -pT imp.
AOBaJio TBoe hhcbmo. / was glad hto?//?. pa3BHTb, paeoBbjio, -emb,
to receive your letter. -i6t to develop
PA3 120 PAH

Pa.3BHBa.Tb naMflTb. To develop PA3H|Blfi, -an, -oe, -Lie (sing, used

one's memory. Pa3BHBaTb npoMtmi- rarely)
JieHHOCTb. To develop industry. 1. different, y
nnx pa3Htie xapaK-
Pa3BHBaTb MbicJib. To develop one's Tepti. Their characters are quite
idea. Pa3BHBaTb CKOpocTb. To de- different.
velop speed, 2. different. Hteb b pa3Hbix ropo-
PA3BHBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers, not r&x. To live in different cities.
used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp. 3. various. CTyAeHTbi pa3Htix na-
to develop nnOHaJibHOCTeH. Students of va-
Pe6eaOK 6bicTpo pa3BHEaeTCH. The rious nationalities. Jlejiemthi H3
child develops quickly. npOMLimJieH- pa3Hbix CTpan. Delegates from
HOCTb pa3BHBaeTCH ycneinno. The various countries.
industry is developing successfully. PA30KTKCB see PACXOBfiTLCH
PA3BflTHE neut., no pi. development PA30PBATB see PBATB
Pa3BMTJie npOMiinj JieHHOGTH, nay- PA3PE3ATB see PE3ATB
kh. The development of industry, PA3PEmA|TI>, -lo, -euib, -iot imp.
of science. no? k o m y? &-\-inf./p. pa3pe~
PA3BftT£> see PA3BHBATB rajHTb, -y, -nnib, -aT to allow
PA3BflTBCH see PA3BI1BATBCH Pa3pemnTb 6oJibnoMy BCTaBaTb. To
PA3FOBAPHBA|TJb, -10, -enib, -iot allow the patient to get up. Paspe-
imp. o 'kom? 6 n e m? c k e m? niHTe npoUTn! May
I get past,
to speak please? Pa3pemnTe bohti'i! May I
Pa3roBapHBaTb c xpyroM no-pyc- come in?
ckh. To speak
to a friend in Rus-
sian. Pa3roBapnBaTb o saHaraax,
PA3PEmftTb see PA3PEIHATb
o 3HaKOMHX. To speak about one's
PASPymAlTb, -io, -einb, -iot imp.
HTO?/p. pa3pym|HTb, -y, -nnib,
lessons, about one's acquaintances.
-aT to destroy
PA3rOBOP m. conversation
Pa3pyniHTb .#om. To destroy a
MHTepecHHH pa3roBop. An interest-
house. Pa3pyniiiTb ropo^. To destroy
ing conversation. PaaroBop no Te-
a city.
Jie(J>OHy. A
telephone conversation,
,

PA33A|BATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not PA3PymHTI> see PA3PyffiATJb

used, 3rd pers. -ctch, -iotch imp./ PA3T>E3>KA|TI>CH, 1st & 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd
pers. -eTCH, -iotch
p. pa3flaTbCJT, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. pa3#acTCH, pa3^a- '
imp. Kyp? o t k y A a? /P- pa3T>e-
AyTca, past pa3A|aJica, -ajiacb, -ocb, xaTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
-hcl to be heard 3rd pers. pa3T>efl|eTCH, -yTCH to go
PasAaJiCH 3Boh6k. A bell was heard. away in different directions
BflaJin pa3AaioTCH roJioca. Voices tor CTyneHTbi pa3T>e3Ha-
are heard in the distance. Pa3AaJiCH iotch na KaHHKyJiH. Each year the
yjja p rpoMa. A
thundercla p was heard. students disperse for the holidays.
PA3flATbCH see PA3flABATbCH PA3T>EXATBCH see PA31>E35KATB-
PA33EBAITIJCH, -k>ci>, -enibcn, -iotch Cfl
imp./ p. pa3^elTbcH, -nycb, -neinbCH, PASOH m.
-syTCH to undress 1, region, area. 3to o6mnpHbra
Pa3,aeBaTbCH nepejj chom. To un- npoMHUiJieHHBiH panon. It is a
dress before going to bed. Pa3,n;eBaH- vast industrial area.
Tecb, no?KaJiyHCTa! Take off your 2. district (an
administrative di-
coat, please] vision). H B JleHHHCKOM
JKHBy
PA3flEJlflTb see panone, Mockbbi. / live in the
PA3,HETbCH see PA33EBATBCH Lenin district in Moscow,
PA3MEP m. size PAKETA /. rocket
Pa3Mep 66yBn. The size of foot- 3anycTHTb paKeTy b kocmoc To
wear. JIoKaJKHTe, nomaJiyncTa, launch a rocket into outer space.
Koctiom 50-ro pa3Mepa. Show me a PAH|HTI>, -io, -nnxb, -ht koto? bo
size 50 suit, please. hto? ieM? imp, & p. to wound
PAH 121 PEB

PaHiiTL nyjien. To wound with a PACTjft, -y, -emb, -yT, past poc, -Jia,
bullet. |
impers. Boiina paEiHJio b py- -jio, -jih imp. /p. BHpacT|n, -y,
Ky. The soldier was wounded in the -emb, -yT, past BLipoc, -Jia, -jio,

_ arm. -jih
PAHHlHfi, -hh, -ee, -He early 1. to grow. ^epeBba pacryT m6#-
PaHHee yTpo. An early morning. JieHHO. Trees grow slowly.
PaHHHG $pyKTH. Early fruit, 2. to grow up. MaJibHHK poc b
PAHO adv., comp. paHBrae AepeBne. The boy grew up in
1. early. Pano y TpoM. Early in the the countryside.
morning. BcraTb pa ho. To get up 3. to grow, to increase, to rise.
early. PaHO Jienb cnam To go Hani ropoA Our town is
pac/rer.
to bed early. 3HMa nacTynnjia growing. YpoBeHb ?kh3hh pacTer.
pano. Winter came early. H The living standard is rising.
npniueji paeo, a oh erne panfc- 4. to grow. Banana: pacTyT na K>re.
nie. / came early, but he had Bananas grow in the south.
come still earlier. H pano na- PACXOftfiTbCH, pacxoJKycb, pacx6-
yqHJiCH HHTaTb. / learned to AiimbCH, pacxo#HTCH imp./ p. pa30H-
read early. THCb, pa30HAlycb, -erabcn, -yTcn
2. predic. impers. (it is) early. 06e- 1. 2nd pers, sing not used to
1st and,
#aTb erne pano. It is too early disperse. Pa30HTHCb c coGpaana.
to dine yet. Cen^ac pano. It is To disperse after the meeting.
early now. JffapoM MejjjienHO pacxoAHJJCH.
<> HeM paabine, tgm jiygnie. The The people were slowly dispersing.
earlier, the better. 2. to differ. Pa30HTHCb bo B3rJin-
PAHbfflE adv. before Aax. To differ in opinion, to dis-
Panbiue oh 6hji ApyrnM. He was agree, y
nero cJiOBa ne pacx6-
different before. jjHTCa c AeJiOM. His words and
PACCEPflflTJbCH see CEPflfiTbCH deeds are never at variance.
PACCKA3 m. 3. to divorce. Pa30UTHCb c MyjKeM
,

1. story. PaccKaa MaJib^iHKa MeHfi (c jkenon). To divorce one's hus-

B3BOJiHOBair. The boy's story band (one's wife).
moved me. PB|ATb, r y, -enib, -yT, past psaJi,
2. story. MHTepecHbra paccKa3, An pBaJia, pBaJi|o, -h imp. mo?
interesting story. C66pHHK pac- 1. p. copB|aTb, -y, -emb, -y'T to
CKa30B. A collection of stories. pick. PBaTb HBeTii. To pick flow-
ers.
PACCKA3ATB see PACCKA3BIBATB 2. pa3opB|aTb, -y, -emb, -yT to
p.
PACCKA3I>IBA|Tb , -k>, -emb, -k>t
tear (up). PBaTb 6yMary, ra36Ty.
ito? o kom? o ^eM? imp. To tear paper, a newspaper.
p. paccKa3aTb, paccKawy,
\\

paccKa-
fig. to break off. Pa30pBaTb
jKenib, paccKajKyT to tell
OTHomeHHH. To break off rela-
PaccKasaTb HCTOpmo. To tell a story.
tions.
PaccKa3aTb o Apyre, o jkh3HH. To
tell about one's friend, life. PaecKa-
PEBEHIOK m., gen. -Ka; pi pe6ara &
Aera; gen. pe6flT & AeTeH child
3HBaTb CK&3KH jx&thm. To tell fairy-
tales to children.
3aop6bhh peSenoK. healthyA
child.
PACCTOHHHE neut. distance
^
PEBOJIIOI^HOHHlblfi, -an, -oe, -He
PaccTOHHHe Me>KAy jspyuK tohksmh. 1. revolutionary. PeBOJiionnoHHoe
The distance between two points. paSo^ee flBHJKeHiie. The revolu-
PaccTOHHHe ot Mockbh ao JleHHH- tionary movement.
working-class
rpafla. The distance between Moscow PeBOJiiOHHOHHaa Teopna. A re-
and Leningrad. IIpoexaTb 6ojibnioe volutionary theory.
paccTOHHHe. To cover a long dis- 2.revolutionary. PeBOJiioriiiOHHoe
tance. pa3BHTHe. The revolutionary de-
PACTA HTb see TAHTb velopment.
PACTEHHE neut. plant PEBOJlK)I];HH /. revolution
 122

PEflKIHH, -an, -oe, -He; adv. pe^Ko; PEIJEIIT m. prescription

com p. pe?Ke HaniicaTb penenT. To write out a
1. (ant. rycTOH) thin. PeAKne bo- prescription.IloJiyHHTb jienapcTBO
jioch. Thin hair. PejiKHH Jiec. no penenTy. To have a prescription
A thin wood. made up.
2. (ant. wto)
rare, seldom. Pe#KO PE^Ib /., gen. pi. -en
6oJi<3Tb.To be seldom ill. 1. speech. Hteaa penb. Living
3. rare. Pe£Kne MeT^JiJiH. Rare speech.
metals. PeAKan KHiira. A rare 2. speech. BbiCTynnTb c peqbio. To
book. Pej^KRH cJiy^aH. A rare case. make a speech.
PE3ATB, pe?K|y, -emb, -yT imp. ^to? <£>Peib uji&t o tom, (*rr66bi)... The
h e m? point is... 05 6tom He mo Hi eT 5biTb
1. only imp. to cut. Hon? hjioxo n peqn. out of the question.
is
pemeT. The knife cuts badly. PEDlA(TB, -erab, -iot imp. q t o?
-k>,
2. p. 0Tpe3aTb, OTpejfc|y, -emb, -yT inf.jp. pem|HTb, -y, -iimb, -&t
to cut. Pe3aTb xJie6 hojkom. To cut 1. to decide. Mh pemnjin hohth b
bread with a knife. 0Tpe3aTb khho We decided to go to the
kvcok xjie6a. To cut off a slice cinema. Oh pemnji exaTb. He
of bread. decided to go.
3. p. pa3peaaTb, pa3pejK|y, -enib, -yT 2. to solve. PemaTb aa^a^y. To
to cut, to carve. Pa3pe3aTb Kypn- solve a problem. PemaTb BajKHbie
uy. To carve the chicken. BonpocH. To solve important
Pfi3K|Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne, short form questions.
pe30K, pe3Ka, pe3K|o, -n PEUl£HHE neut.
1. shrill. Pe3KHH sbvk. A shrill 1. decision. npaBittiBHoe penienne.
sound. Pe3KHH rojioc. A shrill voice. The right decision. LipuHHTb pe-
2.harsh. P<33khh qeJiOBBK. harsh A menne. To take a decision.
person. On 6liji pe30K co BceMH. 2. solution. Pemenne BaJKHon npo-
He was harsh to everybody. SjieMbi. The solution of an impor-
3. adv. abruptly, suddenly, rioesfl tant problem.
pe3KO ocTaHOBujiCH. The train PEHI0TB see PEDIATB
stopped suddenly. PHC m., no pi. rice
PE3YJ1LTAT m. result ypoHtau piica. Rice crops. Maco c
PeayjibTaTbi onHTOB. The results of pncoM. Meat and rice.
experiments. IloJiywrb xoponrae PHQ0B.4TB, -yio, -yeinb, -yioT imp.
peayjibTaTti. To get good results. k o r 6? hto? HeM? / p. napnc[o-
^ocraqb xopomnx pe3yjibTaT0B. To BaTb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT to draw
achieve good results. PncoBaTb KapaHAamoM Ha 6yMare.
<> B pesyjibTaTe. As a result. To draw with a pencil on paper.
acc. peny, pi. penn, peK, PncoBaTb #om. To draw a house.
peKaM, etc. river PGBH|BIfi, -an, -oe, -He; adv. pobho
fflnpOKaa peKa. A wide river. 1. smooth. PoBHaH flopora. A level
IlJibiTb no pene\ To sail along the road. rinc^Tb p6sH0. To write a
river. Ha Sepery pens. On the river smooth hand.
bank. 2. fig. smooth, equable. P6bhhh
m., no pi. repair tojioc. A smooth voice. P6bhhh
PeiwSeT 66vbh. Shoe repairs. Ot- xapaKTep. An equable temper.
flaTb b peMOUT. To have (something) 3. adv., used as particle sharp, fi
repaired. C^^JiaTb peMOHT KBapTH- npHfly poBHO b Tpn. Fit come at
pH. To redecorate one's flat. three sharp.
PECHtflJA /. eyelash POfl m., pi. poffH, pOAOB
^jiHHHue pecHnuH. Long eyelashes. 1. prepos. b poxy family, kin
PECn^BJlHKA /. republic 2. prepos. b po^y birth, stock, ori-
PECTOPAH m. restaurant gin; generation
06eflaTb b peCTOp&ne. To have din- 3. sort, kind. BcaKoro pdjia. All
ner at a restaurant. kinds of.
POfl 123

<> B cuoeM po^e. In its (his, her, publish a novel. Abtop powtana. The
etc ) way. Hto-to b otom poAe. author of a novel.
Something of the sort. POCT m.
POjJIIHA no mother country
pi. 1. growth. Poct pacTeuim. The
3ainirxa pOAHHH. The defenceof growth of plants
one's mother country. >Khtb na po- 2. growth. Poct roponoB. The
AHHe. To live in one's country. growth of cities. Poct npoMbim-
IlncbMO c poflHHH. letter from A JienHOCTn. The growth of in-
one's mother country. dustry.
POflflTEJIjH no sing., gen. -eii par- 3. stature. ^leJioBeK BticoKoro poc-
ents Ta, cpe^Hero pocxa, miSKoro
IloMoraTb poAHTejiHM. To help one's pocxa. A
person of large stature,
parents. /KtfTb c poAUTejmMii. To of medium stature, of small stat-
Hue with one's parents. ure.
POfl|fITbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not POT m., gen. pTa, prepos. bo pry
used, 3rd pers. -htch, -htch imp. mouth
& p., past -irjicH, -nji|acL, -ocb, -neb Bo pTy on AepscaJi nannpocy He
& -HJi|acfa, -ocb, -neb (o>?Zy p.) had a cigarette in his mouth.
1. to be born. H po^HJicn b 1930 POilJIB m. (grand) piano
vojxf. I was born in 1930. HrpaTb na poujie. To play the piano.
2. /ig\ to occur, y Menu pojrnjiacb PYBAIUIKA /., gen. pi. ~ck shirt;
iiflea. An idea occurred to me. chemise
POflHlOti, -an, -6e, -Lie BeJian pyoaniKa. A white shirt.
1. related by blood or affinity. Poa- HounaH py6auiKa. A nightgown,
hoh 6paT. A
brother. PoftHaa a night shirt.
TeTKa. An aunt. PyBJI|ib m. gen.
t
-fi rouble
2. native. Poahoh Kpan. Native $Ba pySjia. Two roubles. Iinxb
land. Po^non H3HK. Mother -
pySJien. Five roubles. B pyoJie cto
tongue. KoneeK. A
rouble contains one hund-
3. used as n., pi. PoftHBie. Rela- red copecks.
tives. <> He HMefi cto pyoVieii, a iiMeii
POflCTBEHHHK m. relation cto Apy3eii (proverb). It's better to
flaJibHim pOACTBeHHHK. A distant have a hundred friends than a hund-
relation. Bjihskhh poACTBeHHiiK. A red roubles.
near relation. pyrA|TB, -io, -enib, -iot imp. koto?
P05KAEHHE neut. birth 3 a h t 6? / p. o6pyra|Tb -10, -ems,
t

flenb pojKAennH. One's birthday. -iot to scold

IIo3u:paBJiHK) Bac c ahSm pOJKJieHHH. MaJib^iHKa pyraJin sa nJioxoe no-
Many happy returns of the day. Be^eHne. The boy was scolded for
P03A /. rose bad behaviour.
Kpacnaa p03a. A
red rose. ByneT pyKA /., acc. pyKy; pi. pyini pyn,
po3. A bunch of roses. pyKaM, etc. hand, arm
PG30B|MH, -an, -oe, -Lie pink JleBaa pyKa. The left hand (arm).
Po30Boe njiaxbe. A
pink dress. PEpaBafl pyna. The right hand (arm).
POJ1B /., pojien part
pi. poJin, ,D[ep>KaTb b pyne. To hold in one's
BbiyaiiTb poJib. To learn one's part. hand. On no?KaJi eu pyKy n ymeji.
Hrpaxb pojib TaMJieTa. To play the He shook hands with her and left.
part of Hamlet. <> HmeTb 30JioTbie pyKn. To be
<> HrpaTb Ban<nyio pojib (b master of one's work. MacTep na BCe
ieM-j]H6"o). To play an important pyKn. J'ack-of- all- trades. ^epwaTb
part (in something). 3to ho nrpa- ce6a b pyisax. To control oneself.
eT pojiav This is of no conse- BpaTb ce6n b pyKn. To pull oneself
quence. together. Hath no a pyKy. To walk
POMAH m. novel arm-in-arm. BpaTb noA pyKy. ITo
HcTop b aeCKHH poMan. An historical take somebody's arm. Pynoii noAarb.
novel. Ony6JiHKOBaTb poMan. To It's a stone's throw (from here)
PYK 124

MaxHyTb pyKoii na Koro-JiH5o, 2. a numher (of). Oh npiiBeji n,e-

<it6-jih6o. To give up somebody, JitiH pHA npHMepOB. He gave
something. 3to b Hamnx pyicax. quite a number of examples. B
It is in our hands. BpaTb b cboh pR#<3 CJiy^iaeB aro Tan. In a num-
pyKH. To take into one's hands. ber of cases it is so.
EbiTb 6e3 Koro-jinSo, iero-jiH6"o BbiTb b nepBbix paAax. To be
KaK 6e3 pyK. To he quite helpless in the forefront.
without somebody, something. PHflOM adv.
PYKAb m., gen. -a sleeve 1. nearby. Mara3ira~ HaxoAHTca pn-
KopoTKne pyKaBa. Short sleeves. AOM. The shop i? nearby.
PyKOBO^flTEJlb m. leader 2. by. Ctohtb pHflOM c 6paTOM. To
PYKOBOIflflTB, -wy, -At'niib, -a at stand by one's brother.
imp. KeM? h e m? to direct, to
run, to lead
PvKOBO^iJTb pa66TOH. To direct the C, c
work. PyKOBOfli'iTL moRhuiJ. To lead
people. PyKOBOflHTb saBO^OM. To C prep.
run a plant. I. -|- S en -

PSXCKIHtf, -an, -oe, -lie 1. off,from. B32TB Kmiry c nojiKH.

1. Russian. Pycciain HapoA- The To take a book off the shelf.
Russian people. PyccKan npnpo- 2. from. BepnyTbCH c pa6oTH. To
#a. The Russian countryside. come back from work.
PyccKHH H3HK. The Russian 3. from. G yTpa ao Be^epa. From
language. morning till evening. G panmix
2. used as n. Russian. Mh pyccKHe. JieT. From one's early years.
We are Russians. 4. from. IlepeBecTH c pyccKoro
P^HIKA /., gen. pi -en H3bma na <J>paHny3CKHH. To
1. handle. Pyqica ABepii. A door- translate from Russian into
handle. French.
2. pen. rincaxb pvhkoh. To write II. + instr.

with a pen. 1. with. HejioBeK c nopT<J>eJieM. A

PblBA /.
man with a brief-case. BpaT c
1. fish. B aKBapnvMe njiaBaJin pa3- cecTpoij. The brother and the
Htie ph6h. Various fishes were sister. roBopwTb c Apy3bHMii. To
swimming in the aquarium. speak to one's friends. Bcrpe-
2. collective fish. JIobhtl pti6y. To c TOBapninaMH. To meet
THTbCH
catch fish. one's friends.
3. collective fish. JKapenaa pn6a. 2. with, and. K6$e c mojtokom. Cof-

Fried fish. fee and milk.

<> Hh pbiSa hii Mflco. Neither 3. with. PaSoTaTb c yAOBOJibCTBHeM.
fish nor flesh. To work with pleasure. CtfOTpeTb
P£lH|OK m., gen. -Ka $hjilm c HHTepecoM. To see a
1. market. Ko^xo3hhh phhok. A film with interest.
collective-farm market. IIpoAaBaTb CAR m. prepos. b caAy & o caAe; pi.
t

$pyKTbi na pHHKe. To sell fruit caAti garden

in a market. flow ctohji b caAy. The house stood
2. market, MnpoBon phhok. The in a garden. OpyKTOBHH caA- An
world market. orchard. BoTanHnecKHn caA- Botan-
ical garden.
PHJH m. prepos. o (b) ps^e & b pHAy;
f

pi. pfl^H <> fleTCKnii can. A kindergarten.

1. row. Pha aomob. A row of houses. CA|30TBCH, -H^ycb, -awuibch, -ahtch
Pha JiKDRen. A line of people. imp. KyAa?& + inf. / p. cecTb,
IlepBun pnjt napTepa. The CHA|y, -enib, -yT, past ceji, -a, -o, -h
first row of the stalls. Cn^eTb b 1. to sit down. CaAHTbca na cTyji.
nepBOM pHjty. To sit in the first To sit down on a chair. GecTb 3a
row. ctoji. To sit down to table.
CA5K 125 GBE

2. to get on, in. CannTLca b noezji, pendent work. CaMOCToaTeJiBiiLin hq-

b aBTOMOoYuib. To get on a train, jiob6k. A self-dependent person.
in a motor-car. TKmh caMOCTOaTeJibHO. To live in-
3. to set (to work). CecTB 3a pa66- dependently. Oh caMocTOHTeflMio
Ty. To set to work. nay^aeT pyccKHH h3BIK. He studies
4. to set. Cojrane ca^n-Tca, The sun Russian by himself.
. is setting. CAM|blS, -aa, -oe, -Lie pron.
CA5KA|Tb, -emh, -iot
-io f koto? 1. the very. 3to Knura, KOTopyio
hto? Ky^a? imp. I p. noca^iTTb, th ncKau? — fla, Ta caMaa
3T0
nocajKy, nocaAHinB, noca/iaT KHiira. "Is this the book you
\. to put, to place. noca,n;irri> nui- were looking for?" "Yes, that's
n,y b KJieTKy. To put the bird the very book."
into a cage. 2. very. Mara3flH naxoflUTca b ca-
2. to plant. CaJKaTt nBeTii. To mom Konne yjirfiiBi. The shop is
plant flowers. at the veryend of the street. H
CAJIAT m. BHaji 9to c caMoro Ha^iaJia. /
1. lettuce. CBe>KHii caJiaT. Fresh knew it from the very start.
lettuce. 3. most. CaMHH xopouinn. The
2. salad. CaJiaT 113orypnpB, 03 no- best. CaMbiH KpaciiBHH ropofl.
MEyjopoB. A cucumber salad, a The most beautiful city.
tomato salad. B caaroM RCJie, oh npao. As a
CAJI<X>ET|KA f., gen. pi. -ok napkin matter of fact, he is right. Mm
^IncTafl caJi$eTKa. clean napkin. A ftyMajin, oh fiojien, a na caMOM
ByManmaa caJi^eTKa. paper nap- A ffejie oh 3#opOB. We thought he
kin. Il6jIb30BaTBCfl[ caJi$eTKon. To was ill, but in fact he is all right.
use a napkin. CAXAP m. sugar
CAM, caMa, cawo, caMH pron. KHJiorpaMM caxapa. A kilogramme
1. myself, yourself, himself, herself,
of sugar. Haii c caxapoM. Tea with
itself, ourselves, yourselves, them- sugar.
selves. He tia£0 Mne noMoraTL, h
caM Bee cAeJiaio. Don't help me,
CEOPHHK m. collection
I'll do everything myself.
C66pHHK CTaTen. A collection of
articles.
2. myself, yourself, himself, her-
self, itself, ourselves, your- CBAftBEA gen. pi. cBa#e6 wed-
selves, themselves. Oh caM rOBO- ding
pnji 06 3T0M. He himself told Becejiaa CBa£b6a. A merry wedding.
me that. Blitb na csa Rh6e. To be present at
CAMOflEflTEJIBHOCTB /., no pi. a wedding. IIpa3HH0BaTL cBa/u>6y.
amateur talent activities To celebrate one's wedding.
XynoxtecTBeHHan caMOfleaTeJib- <> J^o eBa#bO*bi 3aniUBeT (proverb).
hoctl. Amateur theatricals. Be^ep It'll have healed before your wed-
caMOJieaTeJibHOCTH. An amateur ding.
concert. CBAPflTB see BAP&TB
CAM0J7ET m. aeroplane CBE>K|HH, -aa, -ee, -lie, short form
JleTeTB na caMOJieie, To go by air. CBe?K, cBema, cBeJK[e, -n; adv. cBe^6
PeaKTMBHHH caMOJieT. A jet plane. 1. fresh. Cmmee
mhco. Fresh meat.
CAMOOECJl^HHBAHHE neut. self- CBemue nBeTH. Fresh flowers.
service Chemiie <|)pyKTH. Fresh fruit,
CaMOo6cjiyjKHBaHHe b ctojioboh. GBemne OBoms. Fresh vegeta-
Self-service in a cafeteria. Mara3HH bles.
caMOo6cJiy>KHBaHHH. self-service A 2. fresh. CBe>KHH B03flyx. Fresh air.
shop. Ha CBeweM B03Ayxe. In the fresh
CAM0CT05lTEJIBH|BlH, -aa, -oe, air.
-Me; adv. caMOCTOaiejibHO indepen- 3. cool. GBe>Kee yTpo. A
cool morn-
dent, self-dependent ing. predic.
|
impers. CeroffHa
CaMOCTOHTeJibnaa pa6oTa, Inde- CBejKol It's cool today!
CBE 126 CBtf

4. fresh.CBensne ra3eTLi. Fresh an appointment. Ha3Ha<iHTb CBiiAa-

newspapers. une. To make an appointment.
<> EpaTi,cfl 3a paSoTy co cBeauiMii X> A° CBii^aiiHfi! Good-bye I J^o
cnnaftiir. To tackle the work with cicoporo CBHRamiji! See you soon!
renewed strength. CBOBOAA /.

CBEPKAjTJb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 1. only sing, freedom. Bopb6a 3a cbo-
3rd pers. -ct, -iot imp. p. CBepn- 66p;y. Struggle for freedom. 3asoe-
/
h|vti>, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, BaTb CBo6oAy. To win freedom.
3rd pers. -ex, -yT to flash, to 2. freedom. GBo66.ua cjioBa. The
sparkle freedom of speech. GBo66^a ne-
B ne6e cBopKiiyjia mojihiih. Light- qaTH. Freedom of press.
ning flashed in the sky. Mope CBep- CBOBOHH|blS, -an, -oe, -ho, short
KaJio. The sea was sparkling. form cBo66flcn, CBo6ojiH|a, -o, -u;
adv. cbo66aho
CBEPKHYTB see CBEPKATB 1. free. CboSo^hhh iiapofl. A free-
CBEPXY adv.
people.
1. o t kyA from above. CBepxy
a?
2. only complete form free of charge.
ynan KaMeiib. A stone fell from
above. CMOTpext CBepxy
Cbo66ahhh bxoa. Free admis-
BHH3.
sion.
To look down.
on the surface. >Knp njia-
3. adv. fluently. R cbo66/iho roBopio-
2. r% e?
no-anrJiHHCKH. / speak English
BaeT CBepxy. Fat floats on the
fluently.
surface.
4. vacant. CBo6oAnoe Mecro. A va-
CBET 1 m., no pi cant seat. 3to mocto cboooaho?
1. light. CojiHe^HHH cBeT. Sun- Is this seat vacant?
light. 5. free. CBo6oAHoe BpeMH. Free time.
2. light. 3am&ih cbgt. To switch on CeroAHH BeqepoM a cBoSoAen.
the light. IIoracHTb cseT. To / am free tonight.
switch off the light. IIocMOTpeTb CBO$, cboh, CBoe, cboh pron. one's
iia CBeT. To
something)
look (at (own)
against the light. HirraTB npn H HAy k CBoeMy TOBapnniy. / am
CBexe jiaMOM. To read by lamp- going to my
friend's. Oh UQj^eJi
light. CBoii koctiom. He
put on his suit.
<> y'ueHbe — cbct, a neyieHbe H npociiJi TOBapuma npimecTii mho
TbMa (proverb). Cf. He that ne- cbok) KHiiry. / asked friend to my
glects learning in his youth, loses bring me
his book.
the past and is dead for the fu- CBOIICTBO neut. property
ture. CB/I3ATB see CB£3I>IBATB
CBET 2m., no pi. world CB#3BIBA|TE>, -10, -enib, -iot imp.
ilyTemecTBHe BOKpyr cBera. A jour- koto? ito? c k e m? c li e m?/
ney round the world. p. CBHSaT^CBHH^y.CBfl/Kemb, CBfl>KVT
CBETflTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 1. to tietogether. CBH.saxb OAny
3rd pers. cBeTHT, cbctht BepeBKy c Apyroii. To tie one
Cojihiic flpr<o cb6tht. The sun is rope to another.
shining brightly. 2. fig. to involve. 3to cBasano c
CBETJI|BIfi, -an, -oe, -Lie; adv. cBerjio 6ojibtunMH TpyAHOCTHMir. This
1. light. GseTJian KOMnaTa. A light involves great difficulties.
room. predic. impers. Ha
|
yjrarje CBH3B /.
CBeTJio. It is light in the street. 1. tie. YKpenjiHTb cbh3H c napoAa-
2. light. CBeTJiBiii koctiom. A light mii Bcex CTpan. To strengthen
suit. the ties with the peoples of all
3. lucid. Cb(3tjibih vm, cBexJiaa
fig. countries.
roiTOBa. A
lucid mind. 2. communication. Tejierpa$natf
CB II A HUE
neut. appointment, meet- CBH3b. Telegraph communication.
ing 3. connection.
Hath na cBiiAanne. To go to keep <> B CBH3H c Teai, ito.,. In
cro 127 CEP

connection with.,. B cnmn c othm... CE3|Oli, -an, -oe, -tie, short form ce#,
In this connection... cej^a, ce#H
CrOPETL see rOPETB 1. grey. Cejs,ue bojiocbi. Grey hair.
CJjAIBATb, -k>, -euiB, -iot imp. hto?/ 2. grey-haired. CeAOH CTapnK. A
p. cflaTB, c;j.aM, c^amt, c^acT, grey-haired old man.
c^a^HM, cflaffHTe, CAaAyr, pas* CEOTAC adv.
cahjt, -a, CAaji|o, -n 1. now. Ceiraac h ^yBCTByio ce6n
1. to return. Castb Kniiry b 6h6- xopomo. Now I feel well. Ce&-
jiHOTeKy. To return the book to iiac
HfteT ypoK. A
lesson is in
the library. progress now.
2. to let. CflauaTt fla liy, KOMnaTy. 2. right now. H
cen*iac npn^y.
To let a summer cottage, a room. I'll come right now Ceihiac me
3. to take. CjiaBaTL ansaMeHH. To ciOAal —
Cen^ac!
u
"Come
take examinations. here at oncel" Just a mo-
C#ATb see CflABATb ment!"
CflA^A no
/., pi. change CEKPETAP|b m., gen. -a secretary
IloJiy liHTB Cfla liy. To get some CEKS'HflA /. second
change. flaTB 10 KoneeK ca^h. To flBe ceKyn^H, nHTB cony ha. Two
give 10 copecks change. seconds, five seconds.
CflEJIATb see flEJIATb <> Ciiio ceKyHAy! Just a moment!
CflEPMxATb see flElHCATb, 2 CEJ1(5 neut., pi. cejia village
CEBJl pron., no ncm.\ gen., acc. ce6n, Ct5JlbCK|Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne country,
dat., prepos. ce6e, instr. co66h village
myself, yourself, himself, herself, CejibCKaa m6cthoctb. Country local-
itself; ourselves, yourselves, them- ity. CejiBCKan jkh3HB. Country life,
selves CejiBCKHH Bpa*i. A country doctor.
ilpnrJiacHTB k ce6e aomoh. To in- O CejibCKoe xo3HHCtbo. Agricul-
vite to one's place. B /topory h ture.
B3HJI c coGoii mkijio, nonoTenne CEMhfl /., pi. ceMLn, ceMeil family
h 3y6nyio meTKy. / took soap, a ^pyjKnan ceMBH. A united family.
towel, and a toothbrush with me on y mohh SoJiBman ceMba. / have a
my trip. PaSoTaTL y ce6a jifiua. To large family.
work at home. CEHTJlBf |b m. gen. -a September
t

HiiTaTb npo ceoVr. To read to 3aBrpa naToe ceETHSpn. Tomorrow

oneself. Bbihth H3 ce€»ji. To be is the fifth of September. B ceH-
beside oneself. IJpniiTH b ce6«. To TaCpe y nac enie Tenjio. It is still
come to one's senses, warm in September in our parts.
CEBEP m., no pi. CEPftEHHIBlH, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
1. north. CaMOJieT jieTHT na ceBep. form cepAeaen, cep/ieHHja, -o, -h;
The plane is flying northward. adv. eepAe^HO cordial
K ceBepy ot qero-JiH6o. North IlepeAaTB cepAeiHBiii npHBer. To
of some place. give one's warmest regards. CepAe^-
2. north. >Khtb na ceBepe. To live EBiii npneM, cepAennaH oScTanoBKa.
in the North. A cordial reception, a cordial at-
C£BEPH|WS, -an, -oe, -tie north(ern) mosphere.
CeBepnuii B&rep. A north wind. CEPftllTIHH, -an, -oe, -He, short form
CeBepHHH The North Pole,
nojiioc. cepAHT, -a, -o, -bi; adv. cepAHTO
CErOflHH [-bo-] adv. today angry
CepAnTHH qeJiOBeK. An angry per-
CeroAHH 6yjieT ROWRh. It will rain
today. CeroRHH y TpoM, This morn- son. H cepAHT na Hero. / am angry
ing. CeroRHH BenepoM. Tonight. with him. CepABTBin B3rjiHA- An
CErOHHHmiljHK, -HH, -ee, -ne to- angry look.

day's CEPAflTBCH, cepjKycb, cepAHmbca,

CeroAHHmHHH ra3eTa. Today's news- cepAHxca imp. h a koto?
paper. ha ^ t 6? / p. paccepAKTBCH,
CEP 128 CHJI

paccepjKycb, paccep^iirabcn, pac- C3A,niH

cepAflTCH to be angry 1. adv. behind. On rnea C3aAH. He
He cep^HCb! Don't be angry! MaTb was walking behind.
paccepaujiacb na ctina 3a ono3fla- 2. prep. + gen.There
behind. C3aAn AOMa
was a garden be-
Hiie. The mother was angry with 6biji caA-
her son for being late. hind the house. H cnfleir C3aAH
C£P#E(|E neut., pi. -a, cepAen, cepAn,aM, raoc[)epa. I was sitting behind the
etc. driver.
1. heart, y
nero Sojitnoe cepflr^e. CHIflETb, -?Ky, -flnnib, -AaT imp.
He has a bad heart. v Ae?
2. fig. heart. Oh 3aMeqaTejibHHH 1. to sit. GiTAeTb HaAHDane, na cxy-
HejiOBGK, y nero aoaoToe cepAne. Jie. To sit on the divan, on a chair.
He is a wonderful man, he has a 2. to stay. LJejibtii A e Hb on cbagji
heart of gold. oj\ub. He stayed at home alone
<> IIo3flpaBJiHTb ot ocero cepjma. the whole day.
To congratulate with all one's heart. 0 CiiflCTb na mee y Koro-aHo'o.
FoBopirrb ot aacToro cepAn,a. To To be on somebody's hands. Ci*a£tb
speak from the bottom of one's cjiojksl pyiui. To sit idle.
heart,y Menfl ne ji&kht k OToaiy CflJlA /.
eepjme. / have no liking for this. 1. strength. ^ejioBen 6oJibm6n $b>
CEPEAfiHA /. middle srnecKoii chjim. man of great A
CepeAHiia Kpyra. The centre of a physical strength.
circle. B cepefliTHe aeca. In the 2. power. Gnaa caoBa. The power of
middle of the forest. CepeAHaa ae- the word. Cima npiiBbiaKii. Force
Ta. The middle of the summer. of habit.
CEP Mil,| -aa, grey -oe, -bie 3. usu. pi. forces. Boopy>KeHEbie ca~
Geptiij koct£OM. A
grey suit (cos- jih. The armed forces. Gnabi mh-
tume). Geptie rjiasa. Grey eyes. pa H nporpecca. The forces of
CEPbE3Hjblft, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short peace and progress.
form cepbe3en,' cepbe3Hja, -h; ~o, 4. Force. Griaa THHcecTn. Force of
ado. cepbesHO gravity.
1. serious. Cepbe3Hbiii aeaoBeK. A <> EencaTb n30 Bcex cna. To run
serious person. as fast as one can. fleaaTb <it6-
2. serious. Cepbesnaa KHiira. se- A jih5o qepe3 CHJiy. To force one-
rious book. Cepbe3naa My3tiKa. self something.
to do ne b H
Serious music. Cepb'e3HHH pa3- CHJiax CReaaTb oto. I am unable
roBop. A
serious talk. Cepbe3H0 to do that. 3to CBbiine mohx chji.
3aziyMaTbca. To think seriously. This is beyond my powers. Mne oto
3. serious. Cepbe'3Hoe noaomerme. A ne no A CHJiy. This is beyond my
serious situation. Gepbe3Haa 6o- powers. 3to b naniiix caaax. We
jie3Hb. A
serious illness. are able to do that.
CECTPA /., pi. cecTpbi, cecrep, cecTpaM, CfIJIbH|bI$, -aa, -oe, -ue, short form
etc. ciiaee, ciuibna, cnabno, cuabnti;
1. sister. GTapraaa cecTpa. Elder adv. CHJ1BH0
(eldest) sister. Maaaniaa cecTpa. 1. strong, powerful. CwafeHWH aeao-
Younger (youngest) sister. Poa- bqk. A
strong man. GuabHHH
naa cecTpa. A sister. ^BOiopoAHaa B3pbiB. A
powerful explosion.
cecrpa. cousin.A CuabHO yaapiiTb. To hit a heavy
2. nurse. MeAurinacKaa cecTpa. A blow. |
fig. Ero peat npoii3Beaa na
(hospital) nurse. Mena caabiioe BneaaTaenne, His
CECTb see CAflfiTfcCfl speech made a strong impression
CE|HTb, -io, -euib, -iot imp. a t o?/ on me. Y nero ciiabnaa Boaa.
p. noce|aTb, -ro, -cmt», -iot to sow He is a man of strong will.
CeaTb nuieHHny, KyKypy3y. To 2. loud, severe. Cwaiaibiii myM. A
sow wheat, maize. loud noise. CuabHbiH Mopo3. Se-
OKE^Ib see HCEHB vere frost.
CIIH 129 city

CflHIHIi, -hh, -ee, -no blue CK6PO adv., comp. CKopee soon
Cimee Mope. Blue sea. Crnine rJia- CKopo nacTyniiT Becna. Spring
sa. Blue eyes. will come
soon. CKopo H npimy.
CIIPOTA m. & /., pi. cupoTLi orphan I'll com,e soon. ITpiixo^H CKopee!
Oh OGTaJicH cnpoToii. He became Come sooner! KaK mokho CKopee.
an orphan. As soon as you can.
<> KpyrJibiu cnpoTa. A complete CKOPOCTb /. speed
orphan. ExaTB c 6ojibui6h CKOpOCTBlO. To
CKA3ATL see rOBOPflTb drive at a high speed.
CKA3|KA /., gen. pi. -ok fairy-tale CKOP|MII, -an, -oe, -Lie
HapoAHHe CKa3Kii. Folk tales.
A
1. fast.Gkopliii noes ji. fast train.
CKAME|HKA /., gen. pi -en bench
CKOpan noMOiHb- First aid.
Ciiactb na CKaMeiiKe. To sit on a
2. soon, flo CKOpon Bcxpe^n! See
bench.
you soon! J[o CKoporo cBmraenfll
€KATEPT|& /., gen. pi. -6a table-
See you soon!
cloth
BeJian white table-
CKaTepTB. A CKPfln|KA /., gen. pi. -ok violin
cloth. rtocTejiHTb CKaxepTb. To HrpaTB na cKpnnKe. To play the
spread a table-cloth. Gtoji noKptrr violin.
KpacHEOii CKaTepTBio. The table is CKPOMH|blH, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
covered with a beautiful table-cloth. CKpOMHO
CKBEP m. public garden 1. modest. Ckpomhbih qejioueK. A
B CKBCpe nrpajin Rem. Children modest person. Ckpomho BecTii
were playing in the public garden, ce6fl. To behave modestly.
CKB03b prep.-\~acc. through 2. moderate. GKpoMULie ycnexn.
CKB03B JIIICTBy 6hJIO BHflUO hc6o. Moderate success.
The sky was visible through the fo- CKPbIBA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
liage. iro? o t k o r 6? o t i
ier6?/
0» CMOTpeTb Ha ITO-JIHSo CKB03B p. ckphtb, cKpojio, -emb, -iot to
najibiiw. To close one's eyes to conceal
something. GKpLiBaTB B3r jihabi To conceal .

CK0JIb3K|HS, -an, -oe, -lie; adv. one's views. Oh ci-cpBiBaeT, hto nn-
CKOJib3KO slippery raeT cthxh. He conceals the fact
Ckojimkhh noji. A slippery floor. that he writes poetry.
\predic. impers. Ha yjinue ckojtb3KO.
It is slippery outside.
CKPMBA|TbCH, -iocb, -embcff, -iotch
tm-jp.r r e? ot koto?/ p. ckplitl-
CKOJIbKO how much, how many CH, CKp6|lOCB, -eOJBCH, -IOTCH
Ckojibko HenoBeK nptinuio? How
1. only imp. to hide. CKptiBaTBCH
many have come? Ckojibko
people
ot noJiHiiHit. To hide from the
ctoiit 3Ta Knnra? How much is this
police.
book? Ckojibko BpeMenn? What time
2. to escape. npecrynmiK ckplijich.
is it? Ckojibko BaM JieT? How old
The criminal escaped.
are you? IIocMOTpnTe, ckojibko
3. to disappear. n6e3^ ckplijich
3ji;ecB KpacriBHx nseTOBl Look what
BAaJiii. The train disappeared in
a lot of beautiful flowers there are
the distance. LIejiOBeK CKptiJiCH
here!
3a yrJiOM, The man disappeared
<> Ckojibko tojiob, ctojibko yMOB.
round the corner.
As many men, as many minds.
CKOPEE CKPblTb see CKPblBATb
1. comp. of adv. cKopo CKPLlTbCH CKPblBATbCH
see
2. adv. rather, sooner. On cKopee CKy^IAJTb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. no
yMp&r, ^eM npii3naeT cboio k o m y? no *i e m y? to miss, to
onintDKy! He will rather die than be lonesome
admit his mistake/ GKynaTB no poflHTeJiHM. To miss
<> CKopee Bcero 3to TaK. Most one's parents. CKynaTB no Rouy.
likely it is true. To be homesick %
 130 cm
CKY^OlblM, -aa\ -oe, -Lie, short form cnyTHHKa. To follow the move-
CKyneri, CKVHHa, ck}9t ih|o, -h; adv. ment of a satellite.
CKy^rao 2. to have an eye (on). Cne^iiTh,
1. dull. GKy hhlih; ^eJiOBeK. A dull 3a HOBHHKaMii JiiiTepaTypu. To
man. have an eye on the latest publi-
2. boring. CKy^iran pa3roBop. A cations.
boring conversation. 3. to watch. Cue^HTb aa BparoM.
3. adv., predic. impers. (to be) bored. To watch
the enemy.
Mire cny^HO. / am bored. CJ1EHOBATEJ1BHO conj. therefore,
CJlABjLIfl, -aH, -He, short form
-oe, consequently
cJiaS, cJia6a, cjia6[o, -h; adv. cJia6o A paBHO B, cjieflOBaTejibno B pas-
1. weak. CJiaSnii A
HCJiOBeK. weak ho A. A equals B, therefore B
person. CJiaSbiii y#ap. A feeble equals A.
blow. Gna6oe cepAne. A weak CJIEflyiOimHil, -an, -ee, -ne next
heart. B cjie^yiomnn pa3. Next time. Ha
2. fig. weak. CuaGan bojih. A weak CJieAyioninn jjfiuh. On the next day.
will. CJiaSmH xapaKTep. A weak CJIE3A /., pi. cjie3bi, cjic3, CJie3aM,
character. etc.
<> 3to ero cjia6"oe mccto. It's his 1. tear. Ho ee Jinny tckjih c.Jie3bi.
weak point. Cjia6aa nafte/Kfta. Tears were streaming down her
A feeble hope. face.
CJlABA /., no pi.fame; glory ToBopnTb CKB03B cJie3H.
2. pi. tears.
TpoMKaa CJiaBa. Greatfame. K neMy To speak through tears.
npnmjra CJiaBa. He has become fa- <> Oftim-io AO CJ1S3. It is enough
mous. GJiaea noKopi'iTejiHM Kocivrocal to make one cry. Cmghtbch ro-
Glory to the conquerors of Space/ CJie3. To laugh until one cries.
CJlABH|BlH, -an, -oe, -ne fine, nice Cjie3aMif ropio ne noMOHtcmfc
Oh cJiaBHBin napeHb. He is a fine (proverb). Gf. It's no use crying
fellow. over spilt milk.
CJIA#K|Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne, short form
CJTEniOlI, -an, -oe, -Lie blind
cjia^OK, cjiaftKa, cJiaflK|o, -n; adv.
cJia^Ko; comp. cJiam;e sweet
Gjienon MaJib^HK. A blind boy.

A
sweet apple.
CJI&IHKOM adv. too
Cjia^Koe h6jioko.
Tbi noemt cjibhikom rpoMKO. You
CJia#Kiiii nan. Sweet tea. fig. Cji&a- j

are singing too loud.

Kan yjiLi6Ka. A
sweet smile.
<> 3to (yvii) cjihihkom! That's
CJIEBA adv. {cf. HAJIEBG, 2) to (on) really too much!
the left
GjieBa — okho, cnpaBa — ztBept. On CJIOBA.P|I> m. t
gen. -a dictionary, vo-
the left is a window, on the right cabulary
is a door. Mena ciiAeji
CJieBa ot AHrJio-pyccKHH cjiOBapb. An Eng-
moh CTapHH Apyr. On my left sat lish-Russian dictionary. Op(J>orpa-
an old friend of mine. $nqecKiiii cjiOBapb. spelling dic-A
tionary. Tojikobhh cjiouapb. An
CJIE.H 77i. pi. cjieflH
f

1. track. Cnejihi na cnery. Tracks explanatory dictionary.

on the snow. Hath no cjie^aM. CJIOB|0 neut., pi. -a
To follow in the tracks. 1. word. ^JiriiiHoecjiobo. long A
2. gen. -a trace. Gjie^Li KpacKH. word. Xoponrae CJiosa. Good
Traces of paint. words.
3. fig. trace. GJie^H bohhli. The 2. speech. CBo6oAa CJiosa. Freedom
traces of the war. of speech.
<> OcTaBHTb leave
cJieA. a To 3. only sing, remark. 3aKJiio^TejiL-
trace. Hcqe3nyTt> 6e3 CJieAa. To dis- noe cjiobo. Concluding remarks.
appear without leaving a trace. ripej3,0CTaBHTb cjiobo. To give
CJlEiPfiTh, -my, -niimb, -aht imp. the floor.
3 a k e m? 3a ieM? 4. only sing. word. CflepjKaTb cjio-
1. to follow. GjiefliiTb 3a flBiuKenneM bo. To keep one's word. flaTb
CJIO 131 CME

^ecTHoe cjiobo. To give one's no. In some cases it is possible.

word of honour. B tom a 3a6o-
cjiy liae, ecjm
5. word. PoManc na CJioBa flym- JIOIO, 3B0HHT6
ROMOU. In MHO
Knna. Romance, words by Push- case I fall ill, ring me up at
kin. home, fin b kogm cjiy^ae. On
<> IIo cjicmaM 6para. According to no account.
one's brother. PaccKa3aTh cbo- CJiyHA0H|BlIt, -an, -oe,. -Lie; adv.
hmh CJiOBaMii. To tell in one's own cJiy^raHHO accidental
words. BepiiTi* na cjiobo... To GJiynaHHaa oinii6Ka. A slip, a for-
take somebody' s word for... tuitous mistake. CJiynaiiHO BCTpe-
CftejiaTb no nocJiejiHeMy cjio- THTbca. To meet by accident.
By iiayKii n TexmiKn. To do CJiyHA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
something according to the last used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp.
word in science and technology. c Keu?/p. cJiy iJ|i'iTBCH, 1st a 2nd
B jiByx cJiOBax. In a nutshell. pers. not used, 3rd pers. -iitch,
CJlO>KH|blfi, -aa, -oe, -He, short form -area to happen
cjiojKen, cjionaia, cjiojkhJo, -li; adv. Mto CJiyqiiJiocb? What's happened?
CJIO/KHO Go mhoii cjiyaiiJiocb iiecqacTte. /
1. complex. CJiOHcnaa Mamnna. A have had a misfortune.
complex machine. CJiy^flTBCH see CJiy^IATbCH
2. complicated. CJiojKnaa 3afla iia. CJiyiIIA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-
A complicated task. CJiojivHaa to? 1T0?
o6cTanoBKa. Difficult situation. 1. to listen. BnnMaTeJibHO cjiymaTb
Bee 9T0 onenb cjiojkho. This is MysHKy. To listen to music at-
all very complicated. tentively.
CJlOMATb see JlGMATb 2. to attend. Cayman* JieKnnn
CJIOMATbCH see JTOMATLCH (Kypc Jiennnii). To attend lec-
CJIOH 77i., gen. -a elephant tures (a course of lectures).
CJl^/KAinjIlII m., gen. -ero employee 3. : H
cjiymaiol Hallo! Yes!
CJiy>KflTb, cJiy?Ky, cjiymninb, cjiy- CJiyiBAITbCH, -iocb, -enibCH, -iotch
H<aT imp. imp. k o r 6? a e r 6? / p. nocjiy-
1. k o m y? ^ e m y? to serve. GJiy- ma|Tbca, -iocb, -euibcn, -iotch to
jkijtb To serve one's
HapOAy. obey
people. QjiynuiTh fleJiy Miipa. To Pe6enoK ne
cJiyniaeTca MaTepn.
serve the cause of peace. The won't obey his mother.
child
2. r a e? k e m? to serve, to work. IIocjiymaHCH Mcna! Listen to me!
GJiy>KHTb b apMHH. To serve in Do as I tell you!
the army. CJiynuTTb b Saiine. To CJIblDIjATb, -y, -nmb, -aT imp. ^ko-
work in a bank. CJiy>KMTb 3ko- to? 1T0? K 6 M? He M?/
eomhctom. To work as an econ- p. ycJiLim|aTb, -y, -unit, -aT
omist. 1. to hear. ITjioxo cjiwraaTb. To
3. m? to be. Cjivjkhtb npuMe- hear badly. H CJiLimy Te6a. /
poM ajih flpyriix. To be an can hear you.
example for others. 2. to hear. Mm cJn'imajra 06 stoh
CJiyx m. hearing hoboctit. We heard about that
y peSeHKa xopomini CJiyx. The news. Mh cJiLimaJiii, hto oh npn-
child has a good ear. My3KiKaJii>- pj&T saaxpa. We heard that he
hlih CJiyx. A good ear for music. would come tomorrow.
CJiyHAfI 772. incident CJIEIHIHO k or 6? a t o? predic.
GJiynaii H3 >kh3HH. An incident impers. (it is) beard
^

from life. Mne ne cJiiimHO Te6a. / can't hear

<> Hec^acTHLiu cjiy*iaii. An acci- you. 3#ecb xoponio cjiliitiho. One
dent. Ha
bchkiih cJiy^afi n 3a- can hear well here.
rineaji a^pec. / wrote down
ero CMEJI|bIH, -aa, -oe, -bie, short form
his address just in case. B ot- caieji, CMejra, CMeJi|o, -bi; adv. cuesio
RejiBnbix cJiy'iaax sto bosmo/k- 1. brave. CMeJibiii qeJiOBeK. brave A
CME 132 chh

man. fleHCTBOBaxb CMejio. To act 3. only imper. to look out. GMOTpn-

bravely. (Te), ne ono3Aau('re)l Look out,
2. fig. bold. CMenoe pemense. A don't you be late!
bold decision. GneJian H^ea. A <> CMOTpeTb CBbicoria na Koro-JiH-
bold idea. 6"o. To look down on somebody.
CMEHA /. CMOTpeTb cKB03b najibribi (na <it6-
1. succession. CMena ahh 11 noan. To close one's eyes (to some-
jiho'o).
Succession of day and night. thing).
2. fig. successors. fleTH iiaina — CMOHb see MOHh
CMeua. Children are our succes- CMyXilTbCH see CMyilJATLCH
sors. CMyin;A[TbCH, -iocb, -einbca, -iotch
3. shift.yqHTBCH b nepByro CMe- imp.jp. CMy|THTbCfr, -nrycb, -Tiinib-
Hy. To go to school in the first he embarrassed
ch, -thtch to
Pa6oTaTL b jineBnyio cue-
shift. Oh B^pyr oaenb cMyTHJica, noKpac-
uy. To work in the day shift. neJi. He was suddenly quite embar-
npflHTH Ha CMGHy KOMy-JIHO'0. rassed and flushed.
To succeed (relieve) somebody. CMHCJI m., no pi. meaning, sense
CMEPTb /., pi. CMepiii, cMepxei, IloHHTb cmhcji co6lithh. To under-
CMepTHM, etc. death stand the meaning of events. B
<> IlacTb cwepTbio repon. To die iiojihom cmhcji e cjioBa. In the true
the death of a hero. 3to conpoc sense of the word. B npfTMOM (ne-
JKH3HH h CMepTH. This is a peHOCHOM) CMLicJie. In the literal
question of life and death. Ha- (figurative) sense. B 3T0M neT
ftoecTb jip CMepTH. To bore to CMHCJia. There's no sense in that.
death. Her CMHCJia hath Ty#a. There is no
CM EX m. no pi. laughter
f
sense in going there.
TpOMKHH CMex. Loud laughter. CHA^IAJIA adv.
<> IIo^HHTb na cfliex Kor6-JiH5o. 1. at first. CnaHaJia a c Tpy#OM
To make fun of somebody. noHHMaJi pyccKyio peab. At first
CMEIIIH|OS, -an, -6e, -Lie, short form I understood spoken Russian
CMemoH, CMemH|a, -6, -tr, adv. with difficulty.
CMeraHO 2. from the beginning. IToBTOpHTe
1. funny. CtfenraoH paccKa3. A fun- cuaaaJia. Repeat from the be-
ny story, ginning. ^irraHTe cnaaaJial Read
2. ridiculous. On 6hji CMeraon. He from the beginning!
was ridiculous. CHEr m. prepos. o cnere & b, na
t

3. predic. impers. (it is) funny. cnery snow

Mne CMeraHO. It makes me laugh. GrobHHii cner. Heavy snow. Kpy-
CME|HTbCH, rrocB, -embca,^ -io-tch tom Bee' b cnery. All around is
imp. na a k e m? Has ^ e m? to covered with snow. Ha cnery 6hjih
laugh bhahh cJieflH 3Bepeii. There were
Bee rpoMKo CMenJincb. Everybody tracks of animals on the snow. VLjj(gt
laughed loudly. H CMenJiCK na# cjio- cner. It is snowing. VlpjdT CHJibHHH
BaMii 6pa/ra. I laughed at my broth- cner. It is snowing hard.
er's words. CHVI3y adv. OTKyp? from below
CMOTPETL, CMOTpiO, CMOTpHIHb, CMOT- CMOTpeTb cHH3y BBepx. To look
pHT imp. i to? or na koto? na upward.
ti 6? bo xi t 6? / p. nocMOTpeTb, CHHMA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-
nocMorpio, nocMOTpnrab, nocMOTpHT to? a TO?//?. CHHTb, CHHMy, CHH-
1. to look. CMOTpeTb na TOBapnin;a. Menn», cmiMyT, past chhji, -a,

To look at a friend. CMOTpeTb CHHJllO, -H

b okho. To look out of the win- 1. to take (from). CuaTb nnnry c
dow. hojikh. To take a book from the
2. to see. CMOTpeTb (jHJibM. To see shelf. CHfiTb najiBTO c BemaJiKH.
a film. CMOTpeTb cneKTaKJib. To To take one's coat from the peg.
see a performance. 2. to take off. Chhtb manny,
CHO 133 COB

nep^aTKH, 6othhkil To take off c66ctbohhoctb. Personal property.

one's hat, gloves, boots. C66cTBeHH0CTb na 3eMJiio. Owner-
3. to shoot. Ghhtl khho$iijibm. To ship of land.
shoot a film. COB CTBEHHI Bill, -an, -oe, -ne
CHOBA adv. again 1. own. G66cTBeHHBiii rom. One's
CiiOBa npHiu^ia 3 una. Winter came own house.
again. 2. self- LIyBCTB0 c66cTBennoro #0
CHHTb see CHHMATB CTOHHCTBa. Self-respect.
COEAKA dog /. COB Ul THE neut. event
COEHPA|TB, -io, -enib, -iot imp. k o- McropifaecKoe coShtiio. An histor-
r 6? ^t.o? / p. co6paxb, co6ep|y f
ic event. MejKflynapoflHoe coGbixne.
-emb, -yx, past coSpaJi, co6pajia\ An international event. B Mirpe npo-
co6paji|o, -h ncxoflHT Ban^HBie co6htiih. Impor-
1. to collect. Co6paTb Benin b ro- tant events are taking place in the
pory. To collect one's things for world.
a journey. Go6paTB jiio^eH. To COBEPfflA|TB, -io, -enib, -iot imp.
assemble people. iiTO?/p. C0Bepni|uTb, -y, -imib,
2. to gather. Co6paxb ypojKan. To -aT to perform, to accomplish
gather in the crop. GoBepmiiTb noABiir. To accomplish
3. imp. to collect. CoSnpaxb a feat. GoBepmiiTb nyTemecTBne.
kehth, MapKii. To collect books, To make a journey. CoBepmHTb
stamps. GoSpaTB KOJineKnnio, noea^Ky no CTpane. To tour a coun-
6n6JinoTeKy. To make a collec- try. GoBepimiTb npecTynjienne.
tion, a library. To commit a crime.
4. to put together. Co6paxb noxop, COBEPIJlSTB see COBEPHIATB
Mamiray. To put together an COBECTB no pi. conscience
/.,
engine, a machine. ^IiiCTaa coBecTB. A
clear conscience.
COBHPA|TBCH, -iocb; -emBCH, -iotch <> IIo concern roBopn. Honestly
imp. I p. co6paxBCH, co6ep|ycb, (speaking).
-embCfl, -yTca, past co6p|ajicfl, CO BET 1 m. advice
-ajiacb, -jiocb, -JiHCb OTen; jsjslji coBex cuny. The father
1. to gather. ynacxHiiKii Kon$e- gave his son a piece of advice. E[eH-
penmin co6paJincb b 3aJie. Those hlih cob6t. Valuable advice. Bjiaro-
taking part in the conference ^apnTb 3a cob6t. To thank for ad-
gathered in the hall. Co6npaiOT- vice. 06paTHTbcn 3 a cosexoM k cne-
ch Tynn. Clouds are gathering. niiaJiiiCTy. To turn to a specialist
2. to decide, to intend. Mli co- for advice. Eii ne hv>khm Bainn eo-
6pajincb noHTii Ha BbicxaBKy. We EeTbil She doesn't need your advice/
decided to go to the exhibition. COBET 2 m. council, Soviet
COEPAHHE neut. BepxoBHbin CoBex CCCP. The Su-
1. meeting. TopjKecxBeHHoe co6pa- preme Soviet of the USSR. CoBeT
nne. A
ceremonial meeting. Hfl- MmmCTpOB. The Council of inisters. M
tit na co6paHne. To go to a COBET|OBATB, -yio, -ycmb, -yioT
meeting. ITpHcyxcTBOBaxb
co6paHiiii. To be present at a
na imp. k m y? + inf. nocoBe-
/ p.
TloBaib, -yio, -yemV-yiOT to advise
meeting. CoSpanne coctohtch bo GoseTyio BaM npoTOxaTb sxy khh-
BTOpniiK. The meeting takes ry. / advise you to read this book.
place on Tuesday. COBETjOBATBCH, -yiocb, -yenitcfl,
2. collection. CoSpamie coqimennH. -yiOTca imp. c KeM?/p. nocoBe-
A collection of works. TloBaTbca, -yiocb, -yenibcfl, -yioxca:
COBPATB see COEHPATB to ask advice
COEPATBCH see COEIIPATBCH GOBeTOBaTBCH c poflHTejiHMii. To
COBCTBEHHOCTB /., no pi. property ask advice from one's parents.
Focy^apcTBenHaH coocTBeHHOCTb. COBETCK|Hft, -an, -oe, -ne
State property. Hacxnan c66cxBen- 1. Soviet. GoBexCKan BJiacxb. Soviet
HOCTb. Private property. JIinraaH power. CoBexcKoe upaBiixeJibCTBO.

J
COB 134 C03

The Soviet Government. Go- corjiacrmcH c TeM, *ito oh cKa3an

BeTCKHH C0163. The Soviet MHe. / agreed with what he told
Union. me.
2. Soviet. CoBeTCKne 3aB0flH. Soviet COrJIAlIIEHHE neut. agreement
plants. GoBeTCKHe cnennajiHC- ToproBoe corJiameHiie. trade A
tli. Soviet specialists. GoB6T- agreement. 3aKJiiOHHTb corjianienne
CKaa Hayna. Soviet science. c flpyniMH CTpanaMH. To conclude
COBEIIJAHIIE neut. conference an agreement with other countries.
CoBeinanne npaBirrejibCTB.
rjiaB A <> npxiiiTH k corjianieHiiio. To
conference heads of States.
of the come to an agreement.
y^acTBOBaTb b coBeniaHHH. To take COrPETb see TPETI*
part in a conference. ripncyTCTBO- C03EP>KAHHE neut., no pi. contents
BaTb na coBemaHHii. To be present PaccKa3aTb coAep/Kamie Hiram. To
at a conference. tell the contents of a book.
COBPATb BPATB see COEflHHllTb see COEflHHtfTB
COBPEMEHHILlH, -an, -oe, -Lie mod- COEflHHflTbCH see COEflHHfJTbCH
ern COE^HHJllTb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
GoBpeMennoe HCKyccTBO. Modern hto? c xieu?/p. coe/inn|irTb -16, t

art. GoBpeMennaH TexnHKa. Mod- -imib, -At

ern technology. CoBpeMennBiii npo~ 1. to connect, to link. Goe^riHEiTb
mhhijichhhh ropo;];. A modern in- ABa r6po,a;a ?Kejie3Hoii Aoporoii.
dustrial city. To connect two cities by a rail-
COBCEM adv. way.
1. quite. Oh cosceM MaJieeLKiiH. He 2. to combine. Goe^HnnTb Teopnro
is quite small. c npaKTHKOH. To combine theo-
2. in negative constructions not at all. ry with practice.
Th coBceM ne yMeemb njiaBaTb. COEflHHUlTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers.
You cannot swim at all. not used, 3rd pers. -e.TCH, -iotch
COBX03 m. state farm imp.jp. coen,HH|HTbCH, 1st & 2nd
nepeftOBOH C0BX03. A
foremost state- pers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch,
farm. ^HpeKTop coBxo3a. The -htch to join together, to unite
director of a state farm. ApMHH coeflHHHJincb na paccBeTe.
COrjIACEH, corjiacaja, -0, -h short The armies joined together at dawn.
adj. IIpoJieTapHH Bcex CTpan, coenn-
1. h a hto? ready. H corjiaceH HflHTecb! Workers of the world,
exaTb BMecTe. / am ready to go unite!
with you. Oh cornacen Ha Bee. COSflAlBATB, -16, -emb, -iot imp.
He is ready for anything. hto?//?. co3,n;aTb, co3Aa^i, co3n.auib,^
2. c k e m? c h e m? agreeable. H c03flacT, cozjx&rvim., co3AaAi'iTe, co-
corjiaceH c EaMH. / agree with 3Aa^yT, past co3AaJi, co3AaJia, co-
you. Met He corJiacnH c tbohm 8AaJi|o, -h to create
MHeHH6M. We don't agree with Co3AaTb HOByio Teopnro. To create
your opinion. H corjiacna. / a new theory. Co3Aarb xoponme
agree. ycJiOBHH ajih pa6oTH. To provide
COrJIACflTBCH see COrJIADlATbCfl good conditions for work.
C0rjIAinA|TI>CH 5
- web, -erabCH, -iotch C033A]BATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
imp. c KeM? c ieM? & + inf./ used, 3rd pers. -6tch, -iotch imp. /
'& 2nd pers.
p. corJia|CHTbCH, -rnycb, -CHmbCH, p. c03#aTbCH, 1st not
-CHTCH used, 3rd pers. C03AaCTCH, co3,na-
1. to agree. Oh corjiacnjicn bm- AyTca to be created
noJiHHTb BTy pa6oTy. He agreed Go3AaiOTCH HOBbie nJiaHH. New
to do that work. plans are created. Co3AaJi6cb cepbea-
2. to agree. CorjiacHTbCH c TOBa- Hoe HOJio?KeHHe. A
serious situa-
pnirreivr. To agree with a friend. tion has been created.
GorjiacHTbcn c npeAJio?KeHHeM. C03#ATb see C03flABATI>
To agree to a proposal. H. C03flATbCH see COSflABATbCH
C03 135 COP

C03HAHHE neut. (symbol of hosjpitality). Bcrpe-

1. consciousness. noxepnxb co3ua- H'dTh xjie5oM-coJii»H). To welcome
nne. To lose consciousness. Elite somebody with bread and salt.
6e3 C03HaHHfl. To be unconscious. B new 3^ecb cojib? What's the
2. philos. consciousness. BbiTHe point?
onpeAeJinex C03HaHne. Being COMHEBA|TBCH, -embca, -kdtch
-iocb,
determines consciousness. imp. b kb h e m? to doubt
o m?
3. understanding, sense. Go3HaHiie GoMHesaTbCH b ycnexe. To doubt
AOJira. Sense of duty. one's success. He coMneBaxbCH b
€03HATEJIBH|i>ltI, -a*, -oe, -He; Hpyre. Not to doubt one's friend.
adv. co3Ha.TejibHo Mh He coMHeBaeMCH, hto bei bhhoji-
1. conscientious. Co3HaxejibHoe ox- HHxe 6xy 3a^;aHy. We have no doubt
iiomeHEe k pa66xe. conscientiousA that you will carry out this task.
attitude to one's work. Co3Ha- COH m., gen. cna
TejTbHHH ^eJiOBeK. conscien- A 1. only sing, sleep. Oh chhx Kpen-
tious person. khm chom. He Oh
is fast asleep.
2. deliberate. Oh cjiejiaji 3xo co- yjibi6aJiCH bo cae. He smiled in
3HaTejif>no. He did it deliberate- his sleep.
ly. 2. dream. H bo cue csoero
BHjieji
COftTIl CXOflflTB 1
see TOBapnma- / dreamt of my
COflTKCb see CXOftfiTBCK friend. Euy chhjihcl xoponiEe
COJIflAT m., gen. pi. coJiflax soldier chli. He had pleasant dreams.
CMeJiHU coitaax. A courageous sol- COOBmA|TB, -k>, -emt, -iot imp.
dier. OxpHfl coJi^aT. A detachment HTO? K M y? O K 6 M?
of soldiers. HeM?//?. coo6m|HTL, -y, -nnib, -aT
COJIEII|Mfi, -an, -oe, -He to report
1. salt. CoJieHHH cyn. Salt soup. C006niHXb HOBOCXH ^py3bHM. To
2. salted. CojienHe orypiui. Salted tell the news to one's friends. Fa3e-
cucumbers. th coo6niaiOT 06 ycnenmoM bbihoji-
COJIHflAPHOCTB /., only sing, soli- HeniiH nJiana. The newspapers re-
darity port the successful fulfilment of the
COJIIIflapHOCTB TpyftHIIlHXCH Bcex plan. Ho pa,o;no coo6hihjih, ^to
CTpaH. Solidarity of the workers of EaraH cnopxcMeHH Bbicxynimii yc-
the world. nenrao. The radio reported that our
CCJIHE^HIBlH, -an, -oe, -Lie sportsmen had achieved good suc-
1. sun, solar. CoJiHe^HLin CBex.
Sunlight. CojiseqHaa cncxeMa. COOBE1.EHHE neut:
The solar system. CoJiHeraoe 1. announcement, communication
3aTMeHne. An eclipse of the sun. Ba>KHoe coo6ui6HHe. An impor-
2. sunny. CoJraeHHbra #eHb. sun- A tant announcement (communica-
ny day. tion). flenaTb coo6m.eHne. To
COJIHIJE [coHHe] neut. make an announcement.
1. Sun. Ox 3eMJin #0 Cojinna 2. communication. IlyxH cooSine-
CTO nHTBReCHX MHJIJIHOHOB KHJIO- hhh. Ways of communication.
MexpoB. It's ISO million kilome- npHMOe cooSineniie. A
through
tres from the Earth to the Sun. s ervice.
2. sun! CojiHue cBexnx hpko. The COOEIIJflTB see COOBm,ATB
sun is shining brightly. COI1POTIIBJIEHIIE neut., no pi resist-
3. sun. JTe?Kaxb iia cojmije. To lie ance
in the sun. OKa3aTb conpoxnBjieHne npoTHB-
COJIB /. HiiKy. To offer resistance to the
1. only sing. salt. X;ie6 c cojilio. enemy.
Bread and salt. COPEBHOBAHHE neut., no pi
2. salt. Cojih KaJibnnn. Calcium 1. emulation.
salts. 2. competition. CnopxnBHHe copeB-
XJie6-cojii>. Bread and salt HOBaHHH. Sports competition.

J
COP 136 con;

CopGBnOBaHHfl no jiHJKaM. Skiing COCTO[#TI>> 1st &2?id pers, not used,

competition. YqacTBOBaTB b co- 3rd pers. -iix, -ax imp.
peBHOBannHx. To take part in a 1. 113 koto? H3 ^ero? to con-
competition, sist. OpKeCXp COCTOHT 113 113-
COPEBHJOBATLCH, -yiocL, -yeum- BecxiiBix My3HKaHT0B. The or-
ca, -yiOTCH imp. c k e m? c h e m? chestra consists of well-known
to emulate, to compete musicians.
Ham 3aB0ji copeBnyeTca c coce,n;- 2. b icm? to consist in. 3a#aqa
bum npejinpnaxneM. Our plant com- COCTOHT B TOM, *It66lI 6HCXpO
petes with a nearby enterprise. oBJia^eTB nepeftOBHMH Mexo#aMH.
COCEfl m. t
pi. -n, -eii neighbour The task is to quickly master
flpy>KHKEe coceAn. Friendly neigh- progressive methods.
bours.
COCTOlHTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
COCEftHIIIll, -hh, -ee, -ne neigh- used, 3rd pers. -urea, -aTca p. to
bouring, adjoining take place
CoceAHHH KOMHaxa. An adjoining Go6panne coctosjiocl b 3ajie. The
room. CoceflHiie ^epeBHH. Neigh- meeting took place in the hall. JTeK-
bouring villages. IIHH He COCTOHTCH H3-3a 60Jie3HH
COCJIA /., pi, cochm, cocen pine-tree JieKTOpa. The lecture will not take
BwcoKafl cocna. A tall pine-tree. place owing to the lecturer's illness,
<> 3 a 6 jiy^HT t> ch b Tpex cociiax
(proverb). Gf. To lose one's way in
COCymECTBOBAlIHE neut., no pi
co-existence
broad daylight.
COCTAB m. composition Mnpnoe cocym;ecTBOBaHHe. Peace-
ful co-existence.
GocxaB KOMan^H. The composition
of a team.
COCTHTATB see CTIITATB, 1

<> ftejieramia b cocraBe unru

COT|HH /., hundred
gen. pi. -en

leJiOBeK. A five-member delegation.

Gothh aio^eS npnmjin na nao-
nxaftb. Hundreds of people came to
COCTABMTb see COCTABJItfTL
COCTAB JI#|TL, -10, -emB, -iox imp.
the square. Tpn cothh py6jieH.
Three hundred roubles,
xl T 0? / p. C0CTa|BHTb, -BJIIO, •BHIHE,
-BHT COXPAHIiTBCH see COXPAHflTBCH
1. to make (up). CocxaBHTB chhcok COXPAH#|TBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
y ^a cthhkob. To make
a list of used, 3rd pers. -eTCa, -fOTca imp./
participants. GocxaBiixb KaTajior p. coxpaH|HTBCH 1st & 2nd pers. not
f

KHiir. To make a book cata- used, 3rd pers. -htch, -axes

logue. 1. to be preserved. Cxapaa KapTii-
2. to form, CocxasiixL onpeAeJien- na xoponio coxpannjiacB. The
Hoe MHemie. To form a definite old picturewas well preserved.
opinion. H6jiokh xopomo coxpaniiJiHCb b
<> CoeTaBHTb KOMnaimio KOAiy-jift- aniUKe. The apples had kept
60 (colloq,). To keep somebody com- well in the box.
pany. 2. to survive. HeKOxop&ie CTapue
COCTOJlHIIE neut., no pi. oSibiraaH coxpanHJinct #0 nanrax
1. condition. SKonoMuaecKoe cocxo- flHen. Some old customs have
anne cxpanbi. The economic survived up to our time.
situation in a country. Bojibhoh C0E(HAJIfI3M m., no pi. socialism
b TH>KejiOM cocxohhhu. The pa- COmiAJlIICTjaHECKIHIl, -aa,] -oe,
tient is in a critical condition. -ne
Cocxoanae Ren. The state of af- 1. socialist. CorjiiajnicTnaecKaa pe-
fairs. BOJironna. The socialist revolu-
2. fortune. KpynHoe cocxoanne. tion. Gon;najiHCTH tiecKiie CTpanut.
A large fortune. The socialist countries.
<> R
ne b eocTOflHrm npOAOJi>KaTb 2. socialist. CoanaaHCTiiaecKoe ot-
pa3roBop. / am unable to con- Homenne k Tpyjjy. A socialist at-
tinue our conversation. titude to work.
 137 cno

COmHlJIbHlblll, -an, -oe, -He night. Kpenno cnaTb. To sleep

1. social. Connajibnoe nojiojKemre. soundly.
Social status. <> Oh cnaji, Kaic y5htmh. He slept
2. social. ConnajibHaH peBOJUonnn. like a log.
A social revolution. ConnaJibBbie CIIEKTAKJlb m. show
pe$6pMH. Social reforms. HnTepecHHH cneKTaiaib. An inter-
CO^HHEHIIE neut. esting show. TejieBH3H0HHHH cneK-
1. work, riojinoe co6paHiie co^n- TaKJib. A
television show. CneK-
HeHini A. C. HyniKHHa. The TaKJib BoJibmoro Tearpa. Bolshoi A
complete works of A. S. Pushkin. Theatre show. ITpucyTCTBOBaTb na
2. composition. CoqnHeirae o TBop- cneKTaKJie. To be present at a show.
necTBe IlymKHHa. A
composi- CIlETb see IIETb
tion on Pushkin's works. Hann- CnEIJIIAJIBHOCTB /. profession,
caTb coHnneniie na Aarmyio speciality
leuy. To write a composition HyjKHaa cnemiaJibnocTb. A neces-
on a given subject. sary profession. Pe/tKan cnennajib-
COK>3 m. HOCTb. A
rare profession. Oh na
1. union. Gok>3 paGo^nx h Kpec- cnenuajibnocTii nHHtenep. He is an
TbHH. The union of workers and engineer by profession.
peasants. CnEIJHAJIBH bill, -an, -oe,
I
-Lie; adv.
2. alliance. BoennHn coio3. A mili- cnennaJibno
tary alliance. 1. Cnennajibnaa o^e/KAa.
special.
3. union. C0163 Cobctckhx Conna- Special clothes.
JiriCTiraecKiix Pecny6JiiiK. The 2. professional. CnennaJibnoe 06-
Union of Soviet Socialist He- pa30Banne. Professional training.
publics. 3. special. Oh CfleJiaJi bto cne-
4. union. IIpo$ecciiOHajiLnBiii cok>3. nnaJibno ajih Mena. He did that
Atrade union. specially for me.
OIAJI|bHH gen. pi. -en bedroom CIIEinillTb, -y, -nnib, -aT imp. k y jx a?
CIIACA|Tb, -io, -emb, -k>t imp. ko- & + inf.
^
to? h t 0? t k r 6? o t ^ e r 6? 1. to hurry. Cnemnrb aomcui.
or k m y? nT0?//>. cnac|Tn, -y, hurry home. On cnemnJi nann-
-emb, -yT, past cnac, -Jia, -jio, -jih caTb pofliiTeJiaM o cbohx BnenaT-
to save ji6hhhx. He was in a hurry to
Bpaq cnac jkh3hb 6ojn>HOMy. The write to his parents about his
doctor saved the patient's life. impressions.
CIIACA]TLCH, -iocb, -eniBCfl, -iotch 2. to gain, to be fast. Hacbi cne-
imp. ot koto? ot Hero?//?. maT na 5 MirayT. The clock is-
cnac|THCb, -ycb, -embcn, -yTcn, 5^minutes fast.
past cnac|cH, -Jiacb, -jiocb, -jihcb CnHHA cnimy; pi. cumhh back
/., acc.
to save oneself, to escape JlejKaTb na cmine. To lie on one's
JJeViHK eABa cnaccn ot cMepTH. back. Oh ctohji cnnHoii k HaM. He
The flyer barely escaped death. stood with his back to us. Y^ap b
JKirrejra cnacajincB ot BparoB b Jie- cnnny. A
stab in the back.
cy. The inhabitants fled from the CIIflClOK m., gen. -Ka list
enemy to the forest. GnncoK y^eenKOB. A list of the
CIIACHBG thank you pupils. GocraBHTb cnncoK. To make
CnacnSo 3a nncbMO. Thank you for a list.
the letter. Cnacn6o 3a coseT. Thank CIUMlKA /., gen. pi. -eit match
you for your advice. BoJibmoe cna- 3a>Keqb cmhiKy. To light a match,
cn6o! Thank you very much indeed! Kop66Ka cni'meK. box of mat- A
CIIACTfl see CILACATb
CIlACTBCb see CILACATb CJI CI1 KOllH I bl S , -an, -oe, -He, short
CIIATB, cujiio,cnnrab, cuht, past form cnoKoen, cnoKonnla, -o, -h;
cnaji, -a, cnaji|o -h imp. to sleep
t adv. chokohho
CnaTb bcio H0 lib. To sleep the whole i. quiet. CnoKoiiHaH pena. A quiet
cno 138 CPA

river. Ctohtb chokohho. To CIIPAIIIIIBA|TB, -io, -euiB, -iot imp.

stand quietly. CiiflUTe cookohhoI KOTO? KOM? h e M?/
Sit still! p. cnpocHTB, cnporny, cnpocBnib,
2. serene, tranquil. CriOKOHHaa cnpocuT to ask
yjibi6Ka. A serene smile. Cno- ywrejiB cnpocnji yqeHHKa. The
KOHHafl >KH3Hfe. A
quiet life. teacher asked a pupil. CnpaniHBaTB
GnoKOHHLin nejioBeK, calm A 3A0p0BBe. To ask after somebody's
person. Chokohhhh xapanxep. health.
An even temper. CnPOCflTB see CEEPAHIIIBATB
<> CnoKOHHoii hoih! Good night! CnPHTATB see IIPHTATB
CnOP|HTb, -K), -Hint, -ht imp. o CnPHTATbCH see IIPtfTATBCH
kom? o h e m? c k e m? / p no- .
CnyCKA|TBCH, -emBCH, -iotch
-iocb,
Gnop|iiTL, -io, -hhib, -ht to argue imp. Ky^a? p?/ p. cnyc-
ot ky
CnopiiTB c TOBapnn^eM o Kunre. To TnTBcn, cnyniycB, cnycTHHiBCH,
have an argument with a friend cnycTHTcn to descend
about a book. CnycTi'iTBCH c ropii. To descend
CIIOPT m., no pi. sport from the mountain. CnycTHTBcn no
JThjkhhh cnopr. Skiing. Bii^li jiecTHHne c rperBero 9Ta?Ka na nep-
cnopTa. Kinds of sport. SaunMaTb- bhh. To go downstairs from the
ch cnopTOM. To go in for sport. second floor to the ground floor.
CnOPT0BH|MIl, -an, -oe, -He sports CnycKaTBca na jin$Te. To go down
GnopTHBHaa HJioinaAKa. sports A in the lift.
ground. Chopthbhhh koctkdm. A CnyCTfiTBCH see CIiyCKATBCH
sports costume. CnopTiiBHKte copeB-
HOBaunH. Sports competitions.
CnyTHHK m.
1. companion, fellow-traveller. Mom
CnOCOB m. way, method
cnyTHHK 6hji BpanoM. My
com-
Cn6co6 npnrOTOBJieniiH JienapcTBa.
panion was a doctor.
The method of making up a medicine. —
2. satellite. JTyna cnyTHHK 3eM-
HaHftiiTe KaK0H-Hii6yflB cnoco6
jih. The Moon is the Earth's sat-
BcxpeTiiTBCH c hum. Find a way
ellite. HCKyCCTBeHHHH CnyTHHK.
of meeting him.
CIIOCOEHOCTB k leity?
An artificial satellite. 3anycxHTB
/.
cnyTHHK. To launch a satellite.
1.ability, ilocjie paueniiH oh no-
BHBecTH cnyTHHK na opSnTy.
TepHJI CUOCOOHOCTB flBHTaTBCH,
To put a satellite in orbit. Ha-
After being wounded he lost the
6JiE)AeHHe sa cnyTHHKOM. Track-
ability to move.
ing a satellite.
2. usu. pi. aptitude, y
Hero 6ojib-
mne
chocoShoctji k MareMaTHKe. CPABHEHHE neut.
He has a great aptitude for 1. comparing. CpaBHenne AByx
mathematics .
HBJieHHH, flByx JiiOAen. Compar-
CnOCOBH|i>lH, -an, -oe, -He capable ing two phenomena, two people.
Choc66hhh roHoma. A
capable 2. simile. JlHTepaTypnoe cpaBHe-
youth. hhc A simile.
CnPABA adv. (of. HAIIPABO, 2) on <> Ho cpaBHemno... c icen? c
(to) the right qe m? Compared with.,. Ho cpaE-
Moh cxyji ctoht cnpaBa. My chair IieHHIO C TeM, 1T0 H BHAGJI
is on the right. CnpaBa ot ,a;6Ma paHbine, ropoff 6*ieHB H3MeHMJica.
naxoAHTca KHHOTeaTp. To the right Compared with what I saw before,
of the house a cinema.
is the city has changed a lot.

CIIPABE#JIfiB|BlG, -an, -oe, -ne, CPABHHBA|Tb, -io, -emt, -iot imp.

short form cnpaBe^raiB, -a, -o, -h; koto? q t o? c k e m? c ^ e m? /
adv. cnpaBeflJiHBO just p. CpaBHjHTB, -IO, -HHIB, -AT
CnpaBe^JiHBHu nejiOBeK. fust A 1. to compare. CpaBHHTB hi'kJph.
person. CnpaBe^jniBoe pemenne. A To compare figures. GpaBHHTB
just decision. ITocTynaTB cnpaBe#- -
RBa HBJieniifl. To compare two
jihbo. To act justly. phenomena
CPA 139 CTA

2. to compare. CpaBHnrb nosepx- 3 to eflHHCTBennoe cpe^CTBoI This

boctb boru c 3epKajiOM. To is the only remedy!
compare the surface of the water CPOK m. time
to a mirror. GflejiaTB pa6dTy b cpoK. To do the
CPABHflTB see CPABHIIBATb work in time. Bee cpoKH npoinjui.
CPA3Y adv. immediately All time limits have passed.
Oh cpa3y uohhji. He understood CPO lIH|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. cpon-
immediately. Mil ynum cpa3y 116- ho urgent
cjie o6e.ua. We left immediately af- GpoHHoe cooSuieniie. An urgent
ter dinner. communication. YexaTb no cpo^HO-
CPE^A 1
/-, pL cpe^H, cpeji, cpe^aM, etc. My AeJiy. To go away on urgent
1. medium. Bosjiyuma/i cpe^a. Air business. Cpo^mo yexaTb. To leave
medium. at once. CpoHHan TCJierpaMMa. An
2. only sing, surroundings. Oitpy- urgent telegram.
jKaioman cpe/ja. Surroundings. Oh CCOP|HTbCH, -iocb, -iimbCfl, -htcji
Bocrn'iTHBaJicH b paoo^eii cpe#e. imp. c k
m? / p. noccopliiTBca,
e
He was brought up in work- -iocb, -umBCK, -htch to quarrel
ing-class surroundings. He na.RO ccopHTbcn. You shouldn't
CPEflA 2 acc. cpeay; pi. cpeflH, quarrel. noccopiiTLCH c TOBapniueM.
cpe^, cpe^aM, etc. Wednesday To quarrel with a friend.
Gero^HH cpej^a. Today is Wednes- CTA|BHTb, -bjiio, -Biimb, -bht imp.
day. JIeKn.nn HHTaiOTCH no cpej^aM. koto? o? k y a a? I p. nocxa|-
Lectures are delivered on Wednes- BHTb, -BJIIO, -BIIHIB, -BHT
days. B cpeAy npnjieTHT nama 1. to put. GTaBHTt CTaKan na ctoji.
cnopTHBHaa AeJxeraiiHH. Our sports To put a glass on the table. Ilo-
delegation arrives on Wednesday. CTaBHTb nBeTbi b boav. To put
CPEftfl prep. +
gen. flowers in water. IIocTaBHTb kh/i-
1. in the middle of. #om ctohji fh na MecTo. To put the books
cpe,o;n Jieca. The house was in in their place.
the middle of the forest. Cpe£H 2. to give. CfaBHTb OTM&rKy. To
HO^H pa3AaJICH 3B0H0K. A bell give a mark.
rang in the middle of night. the 3. to make. C-raBriTb ontiTH. To
2. among. Cpeflti CTyneuTOB 6hji make experiments.
moh Apyr. Among the students 4. to set. nocraBHTb z&R&Hy nepeA
was my friend. Pa66ra cpeftH KOJiJieKTHBOM. To set a task be-
MOJioiiejKii. Work among youth. fore a collective.
CPEAHIHtl, -ha, -ee, -He 5. to stage. CxaBUTb Hbecy. To
1. middle. Gpe^nee okho. The mid- stage a play.
dle window. <> IIocTaBiiTb peKopA. To set up
2. medium. HeJiOBeK cpeflnero poc- a record. OrasnTb Rnarii03. To
Ta. A person of medium height. diagnose. CTaouTb ycJiOBiia ko-
3. fig. average. Gpe^HHe cnoc66- My-Jw5o. To lay down terms to
hocth. Average abilities. somebody. IIocTaBHTb Kor6-JiH6o
<> CpeAHJiH mKOJia. Secondary b TpyAiioe nojiOHcemie. To place
school. IIojiyqHTb cpe^nee o5pa- somebody in an embarrassing situ-
30Banne. To get secondary edu- ation.
cation. Cpe/jime BeKa. The Mid- CTA^HOH m. stadium
dle Ages. Hobhh CTajiHOH. A
new stadium.
CPEACTBO neut. CopeBHOBaHHH COCTOHTCfl na CTa-
1. means. Cpe^CTBa nponaBOflCTBa. AHone. The competition will take
The means of production. Cpeji- place at the stadium.
cTBa nepeABTDKenHH Means of . CTAKAH m. glass
transportation. Wictlih CTaKan. A
clean glass. Cra-
2. method; remedy. HoBLie cpe#- Kan MOJiOKa. A
glass of milk.
CTBa jie^eHHH 6ojie3HH. New CTA Jib /. steel
methods of treating a disease. Ho/K H3 CTaJin. A
knife made of
CTA 140 CTB

steel. BapiiTb cxaaB. To found rjry6oKatt cxapocxB. Extreme old

steel, age. B
cxapocxn. In one's old age.
CTAJlbH|OM, -aa, -6e, -Lie B cxapocxn on cxan hjioxo cjih-
1. steel. CTaJibnoH hojk. A steel maxB. As he grew old, his hearing
knife. became poor.
2. steel(y). CxaJiBHOH nBex. Steel CTAPyXA /. old woman
colour. CTAPIDIHM, -aa, -ee, -ne
3. fig.: CxaaBnaa Boaa. Gf. An iron 1. elder, eldest. Moa cxapmaa ce-
will. cxpa —
spaa. My
elder {eldest)
CTAHQBflTbCH, cxanoBJirocB, cxano- sister is a doctor, mix xpn y
BIIHIBCH, CTaHOBSTCH imp. Keif? CLma. GxapmiiH paCoxaex Ha 3a^
KaKHM? / p. cxa|xB, -ny, -neuiL, BO,a;e, cpe^HHii yanxca b iuko-
-nyx Jie, a MJiaAHiirn xojjnx b ^ex-
1. to stand. CxaxB y nBepeii, cxaxt ckhh ca/i. They have three sons.
K JIBepHM, CTaTb K cxanny. To The eldest works at a plant, the
stand at the entrance, to take up middle one goes to school and the
a position near the door, to take youngest goes to the kindergarten.
one's place at the lathe. 2. senior. CxapimiH nay^HbiH co-
2. only p. to stop. *IacLi cxaJin. The xpyjiHHK. A senior research asso-
clock has stopped. ciate.
3. tobecome. Oh cxan HHHceuepOM. CTAP|blH, -aa, -oe, -He, short form
He became an engineer. Etorona cxap, cxapa, cxap|o, -li
CTanoBiTJiacB xojioahoh. The 1. old. GxapBin aejiOBeK. An old
weather was getting cold. CxaJio person. Obsl oqenb cxapa. She
tcmho It became dark.
. is very old. Cxapoe pepeBO. An
4. only p. -\-inf to start. Mbi cxa-
. old tree.
jth neTB. We started singing. 2.old. Cxapoe naJiBxo. An old
5. only p. to become (of). Hxo c hum overcoat.
cxaJio nOTOM? What became of 3. old. GxapBiii flpyr. old friend. An
him afterwards? 4. old. GxapHii o6iiaaH. old An
<> Bo hto 6bi to hh CTajio. By custom.
all means. CTATb see CTAHOBftTbCH
CTAH|OK m., gen. -Ka machine-tool, CTAT|bfl /., gen. pi. -en article
lathe Fa3exHaa cxaxba. A newspaper ar-
ToKapntiii cxaHOK. lathe. Pa66- A ticle. HaniicaxB CTaxBio. To write
xaxB na hobom cxaHKe. To work at an article.
a new machine-tool. CTEKJIO neut., pi. cxeKJia, cxeKOJr.
CTAHI^HH /. cxeKJiaM, etc.
1. station. CxaHHira Mexpo. An 1. glass. npo3paanoe cxeKJio. Trans-
underground station. >KflaxB Ha parent glass.
cxanaHH. To wait at a station. 2. pane. Pa36nx& cTeKJio b okho.
2. exchange. Tejie^onnaa cxanrniH To break a window-pane.
A telephone exchange. CTEKJIHHH|BI1I, -aa, -oe, -Bie glass
CTAPA|TbCH, -iocb, -era&cji, -ioxch CxeKJiairaaa jiBepB. glass door. A
imp. -\~ inf.jp. nocxapa|xBca, -iocb, CTEHA /., acc. cxeny, pi. cxeHH*
-emBca, -ioxch cxerr, cxenaM, etc. wall
1. to try. Y nero ne Bcer^a Bee CTEPETb see CTIIPATb 1
xopomo noJiy^aexca, xoxa oh CTIIPAITb 1 , -io, -eniB
%
-iox imp.
oaenB cxapaexca. He doesn't axo? a cm? / p. cxepexB, coxp|y,
always succeed in everything, -earn, -yx, past cxep, -jia, -jio, -jiii
though he tries hard. to wipe off, to rub off, to erase
2. to try. Oh cxapa Jica blihojihhxb GxiipaxB xprinKOH c apCKH. Ta
pa66xy b cpoK. He tried to do clean the blackboard with a duster.
the work in time. CxepexB hbijib co cxoaa. To dust
CTAPflK m., gen. -a old man the table. CxepexB nanncanHoe. To
CTAPOCTb /., no pi. old age erase what has been written.
CTH 141 CTP

<0> OrcpeTb c Jiima 3cmjth <ito-jih- CTOPOHA /., acc. cropony; pi. cto-
60. To raze something to the poHH, CTopon, cToponaM, etc. side
ground. ilpaBan CTOpona. The right-hand
CTHPA|TB 3 , -10, ^eraB, -iot, imp. side. C JieBoii CTopoiiH. From the
HTO? 16M?/p. BHCTIipa|Tb, -JD, left-hand side. Ha Apyroii CTopone
-emh, -iot to wash
yjranH. On the opposite side of the
BucTiipaTi> 6ejii>e. To wash the lin-
street. Co Bcex cTOpOH. On all sides.

en. PyKa.Mii CTHpaTb Tpy#HO. IV

CTO|#Tb, -16, imp. r«e?
-Hiiib, -ht
1. to stand. HejiOBeK ctoht y ok-
difficult to do the washing by hand.
na. The man is standing at the
CTHXfl pi. poetry
window.
Cthxh IlymKHHa. Pushkin's poetry.
to stand, to be (situated). Ctoji
C66pHHK cthxob. A collection of 2.
ctoiit b KOMBare. The table stands
poetry. YmiTh cthxh HaireycTb. To
in the room. J^ou ctohji na 6e-
learn poetry by heart.
pery peKH. The house stood on
CTHXOTBOPEHIIE neut. poem the riverbank. IlapinK ctoht na
GTHXOTBOpeeiie MaHKOBcicoro. A
Gene. Paris is situated on the
poem by Mayakovsky. JInpimecKoe Seine.
CTixxOTBopeniie. A
lyrical poem.
3. to be. Ctoht xopomaff norofla.
CTO|HTf>, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, The weather is fine.
3rd pers. -ht, -ht imp. 4. to face. HepeA naMir ctoht b&>k-
1. to cost. Kinira ctoht 5 py6Jien\
Htie npoSJieMH. Important prob-
The book costs 5 roubles. BiiJier
lems face us.
ctoiit jroporo. The ticket is ex- L
5. to stand (still). IacLi ctoht. The
pensive.
watch has stopped. H6e3jx ctoht.
2. impers. is worth. He ctoiit Mens The train is standing still.
6jiarOAapHTb. There's nothing to
<> Ctohtb bo rjiaBe ^ero-JinSo. To
thank me for. 3to ctoht iiocmo- be at the head of something.
TpeTb! It is worth seeing! Ctohtb y BJiacTH. To be in power.
<> Hrpa ue ctout CBe if (proverb). CTPAHA pi. CTpasH
f. t

The game is not worth the

1. land. Moh po^naa cTpana. My
candle. native land. IO/KHbie CTpam.
CTOJI m., gen. -a table Southern lands.
GecTb sa croJi.. To sit down to 2. country. CTpann JlaTHHCKOH
table. Gn^eTb 3a ctojiom. To sit at AwepHKH. The countries of Lat-
the table. BcTaTb H3-3a CTOJia. To in America.
rise from the table. IIiicBMeHnHH The cardinal
<> Cxpanbi ceeTa.
CTOJi. A desk. points.
CTOJIfllU /. capital (city) CTPAHfiIJA /.page
^peBHHfl cTOjrana, The ancient cap- B KHifre 100 CTpamin. There are
ital. IlapHJK —
CTOJIHIja 0paHD,HH. 100 pages in the book.
Paris is the capital of France. <> Ha cTpan^ax HsypnaJia. In the
CTOJIOBJAH gen. -oil
/.,
the magazine,.
columns of
1. dining-room. 3#eci> y -nac cto- CTPAHHIMfi, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
jiOBan, a nanpaso —
jmepb b CTpaHHO strange
Kyxmo. This is our dining-room CTpannaa <J>nrypa. A strange figure.
and on the right is the door to GTpaHHHH B3TJIHA- A strange
the kitchen. look. 3to oqenb CTpanno. It is

2.dining-hall, canteen. CTyaeHqec- very strange.

Kan CTOJiOBaH. A
students' canteen. CTPAX m. fear
GTOJIbKO adv. flpoHdTb ot cTpaxa. To quake with
1. so many, so much. Ckojibko fear.
CTPAniHiBIIl, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
jiiOAeii, ctojibko xapaKTepoB. Cf.
So many people, so many minds. CTpauino
2. such a lot. Oh ctojibko c^ejiajil 1. terrible. CTpainnan HCTopnn. A
He's done such a lot! terrible story.
CTP 142

2. colloq.awful. Cxpaiimafl 6ojii>. CTYflEHT m. student

An awful pain. 3to CTparnno Ctvacut 5-ro Kypca. A fifth-year
HHTepecHOl It's awfully inter- student.
esting! CTYJI m., pi CTyjibH, CTyjibeB chair
3. adv., predic. impers. (to be) af- Cecxb na cryji. To sit down on a
raid. Mne CTpamHO. / am afraid. chair.
CTPEJlH|Tb, -io, -enib, -iot imp. b CTyH|ATi>, -y, -limb, -aT imp. no
koto? bo xi to shoot
t 6? hto? no My? neM?/p. no-
GTpejiflTB b nejib. To shoot at a CTyq|aTb, -y, -nnib, -aT
target GTynaTb b okho. To knock at the
CTPE|MfITbCH, -mjiiocb, -MitmbcH, window. GryqaTb KyjiaKOM no cto-
-mhtch imp. k k o m y? k h e m y? jiy. To bang one's fist on the table.

& -f- inf. to strive CTL'I^HO predic. impers. (to be)

CTpeMHTbCH k nejin, k cbo66ac ashamed
To achieve one's goal, to
strive to Mne CTLinHO . / am ashamed. Ctlta-
strive for freedom. CTpeMHTbCH no- ho 3a TOBapiinja. To be ashamed of
6eflHTb. .To strive to win. a friend. Ctlthho nepefl #py3&HMii.
To be ashamed to face one's friends.
CTPBl^IbCH, -rycb, -jKeniLca, -ryTCH,
CTHflHO cjiymaxb stii cjioua. /
past CTpiM|acb, -ocb,
cTpiircH,
imp./ p. -rycb,
am ashamed to hear such words.
-neb nocTpiil^BCH,
-HterabCH, -ryTCH, past nocTprircn,
CyBEOTA /. Saturday
nocTpnrjilacb, -ocb, -neb to have
B cy666Ty 6hji HHTepecHHii koh-
UepT. There was an interesting con-
one's hair cut
cert on Saturday.
Cxpii^bCH b napHKMaxepcKon. To
have one's hair cut at a barber's.
CYJX m., gen. -a
1. law-court.
CTPOrjHK, -an, -oe, -lie, short form 2. trial.
CTpor, CTpora, CTp6r|o, -n; adv.
CYflflTb, cywy, cyaimib, cyAHT imp.
CTporo KOTO? h t 6?
1. strict, severe. CTporiin ymirejih. 1. to judge. Mli cy^riM no TOMy,
A strict teacher. Oren; CTporo hto BHfleJin. We judge from
nocMOTpeji ua ciraa. The father what we saw.
looked severely at his son. CTpo- 2. to try. CyjiHTb npecTynmiKa.
thh roJioc. A
severe tone of voice, To
try a criminal.
2. fig. strict. CTporne npaBiijia. 3. to referee. CyflHTB $yT66jibnyio
Strict rules. BCTpe^y. To referee a football
CTPOftTEJIbCTBO neut. match.
1. construction. Ctpohtcjilctbo 3a- <> CyflH no TOMy, hto... Judging
boaob n $a6pnK. The construc- from what...
tion of plants and factories. CyflBEA /., pi. cyAb6bi, cyAe6 for-
KymvrypHoe CTponrejibCTBO. tune, fate
Cultural construction. flyMaTb o cyja;b6e napo^a. To think
2. building. PaSoTaTb Ha CTpon- of the fate of the people. Cy#b6a
TejibCTBe. To be engaged in build- mohx flpy3en. The fortunes of my
ing. friends.
CTPO[HTb, -limb, -ht imp. h t o? /
;io, CYRbfL m. pi. cyffbH, cyAen
y

p. nOCTp6|HTb, -10, -limb, -HT 1. judge. CnpaBeAJiHBLiH cyjibn. A

1. to build. CTpoiiTb aom. To build fust fudge. HapoAHEtii cy^bH,
a house. CTpoiiTb >Kejie3Hyio #o- A people's judge.
pory. To build a railway. 2. referee. CnopTHBHHii cyAtn. A
2. fig. to build. CTponTb kommv- referee, an umpire,
HH3M. To build communism. CyMETb see yMETb
CTPOfl m., no pi. system CyM|KA /., bag
gen. pi. -ok
rocyflapcTBeHHbin crpon. A state KojKaeaH cyMKa. A leather bag.
system, Kojixo3HHH CTpon. The CyMKa rjih. npoAyKTOB. A shop-
collective-farm system. ping-bag.
cyn 143 era

cyn m., pi. -li soup CXOflfiTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. sing,
PiicoBtin cyn. Rice soup. TapejiKa not used, 3rd pers. cxofliiTCfl, exo-
cyna. A
plate of soup. AHTcn imp. I p. cohthcb, 1st & 2nd
CyPOB|BlS, -an, -oe, -tie, short form pers. not used, 3rd pers. con^eTCH,.
cypoB, -a, -o, -h; adv. cypoBO conflyTCH, past comejiCH, comJi|acB,
1. stern. CypoBHH icjioBeK. A -OCB, -HCb
stern person. 1. to come together. Cohthcb b
2. rugged. CypoBan npnpojia. Rug- 3aJie. To gather in the hall.
ged countryside. KOJIOHHBI #eM0HCTpaHT0B CO-
3. rigorous. CypoBan jkhbhb. A mJincb Ha njiorna^n. Columns of
rigorous life. demonstrants converged in the-

CyXiKIl no sing., gen. -ok day, 24 hours square.

ExaxB nejiBie cyTKH. To be driving 2. to suit one another. Ohh co-
the whole day, J^Boe cyTOK. Two days. inJincB xapaKTepaMH. They suit-
ed one another.
CyX|OIl, -an, -6e, -ire, adv. cyxo;
cu;eha /.
comp. cyme
1. stage. Oh BLiraeji na cneny. He
1. dry. BiJTpn pynn, onn kojijkhli
came on to the stage.
obitb cyxihni. Wipe your hands,
2. scene. HnTepecuaa cneea b
they must be dry. Cyxan Ofl&Kfla.
Dry
cnenTaKJie. An interesting scene
Dry clothes. Cyxoii B03Ayx.
in a play.
air.
<> Couth co enenbi. To leave the
2. dry. Cyxafl KOMnaT-a. dry A stage.
room. Cyxan aeMJin. Dry earth.
CHACTJIftB|LIlI [macjiHBtiri], -an,
3. fig. dried-up. Cyxon neJiOBen. short form eqaCTJiHB, -a,
-oe, -Bie,
A dried-up person. On cyxo no-
-o, -bi; adv. c iiaCTJ7HB0
3^opoBaJiCH. He greeted (some-
body) coldly.
1. happy. CnacTJiiiBan jkh3hb. A
happy life. CnacTJiHBBiH *ieJiO-
<> Cyxoe snno. Dry wine.
bok. A happy man. KaK a c iiacT-
Cy^ECTB[OB£TB, -yio, -yeniB, -yiox jiiib! How happy I am!
imp. to exist 2. lucky. Tbi CHacTJiHBBiii! You're
5Kii3hb na 3eMJie cynrecTByeT mho- lucky!
nie mhjijihohbi JieT. Life has exist- <> CuacTJiHBoro nyTii! A happy
ed on Earth for many millions of journey!
years. CymecTByeT necKOJiBKO bh~ C^IACTBE [m.acTBe] neut., no pi.
rob ynpa>KHennii. There are several 1. happiness. EojiBmoe c^acTBe.
kinds of exercises. Great happiness. 5Kejiaio BaM
COOTOrPA0fiPOBATB see <1>0T0- c^acTBH I wish you happiness!
1

TPAOHPOBATB 2. good luck.

CXBATMTB see XBATATB 1 <> c^acTBe, Taw h paROCTB.
CXO^fiTB 1 cxoifcy, cx6#nniB, cxo^ht
,
(proverb). Where there is happi-
imp J p. cohth, C0HA|y» -erat, -yT, ness, there is joy.
past comeji, comji|a, -6, -n C^IIITAjTB [rnnraTB], -io, -eim>, -iot
1. to go down. CxoflHTb no JiecT- imp.
niine. To go downstairs. 1. KOTO? HTO?/j). COCHIITalTB, -io,
2. to get off. Bh cxofliixe na cue- -euiB, -iot to count. CocinraTB
#yioincn ocxanoBKe? Are you ,)io era. To count to one hundred.
getting off at the next stop? C^HTaTB no nopn^Ky. To count
<> Cohth c yaia. To go out of one's in the order in which things are.
mind . GnriTaTB jieHBrn. To count
CXOflfiTB 2 cxO/Ky, cxoflnmB, cxo#ht
,
money.
p. Kyjja? &-\-inf, to go to some 2. KOTO? 1T0? K6M? H e m? to
place and return consider, to think. H cmirin
Cxo#htb b MarasHH. To go to the Te6fi cbohm ApyroM. / considered
shop (and return). Cxo^htb nory- you to be my friend. C^HTaio,
jihtb. To go for a walk. t ito tbi nocTyni'iJi npaBHJiBHO.
emu 144 TAJI

/ think you acted in the T, T

right way.
CmilTb see HIIITB TABAK m., gen. -a tobacco
Ch^SjS, m. congress KpenKHH Ta6aK. Strong tobacco.
napTHHHHH CLe3j^. party con- A KypiiTB Ta6aK. To smoke tobacco.
gress. Ci>e3fl npo$coi030B. trade- A TAEJIflIJA /. table
union congress. TadJinna yMHOJKenim. The multi-
CTjESjJJIITB, ->Ky, -jiiniib, -^ht p. plication table. TaSjinna BLiiirpLi-
+
KyAa?& m/. (cf. £3flHTB) to men. The list of winning numbers.
go to some place and return TA0HA /. mystery
G'tesAiiTb b Apyron ropofl. To go TaiiHLi npnpdflLi. Mysteries of na-
to another town (and come back). ture. XpamkB b TaiiHe. To keep
Ctes/uixb OTflOXHyTt. To go on a secret. flep>KaTB b TaHHe. To keep
holiday. (something) secret.
CBES/EAjTB, -10, -emb, -iot imp. TAK adv.
Ky^a? OTKyaa? / p. CLexaTb, 1. as. ftejiaTb thk, Kan
nyjKHO.
cteAly, -emb, -yT to go (come) To do Tan >Ke
as one should. Mm
down flOBOJIBHH nOC3flKOH, KaK H BH.
C'LexaTB c ropw. To go (come) down We are as pleased with the trip
the hill. as you are.
CT>E3>KA|TBC>I, 1st & 2nd pers. sing, 2. so. On TaK mhoto xojiitji, hto
not used, 3rd pers.
-iotch -eTcn, ycraJi. lie walked so much that
imp.jp. ctexaTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. he got tired.
sing, not used, 3rd pers. clcaIgtch, 3. as part of compound conj. TaK
-yTCH to come together, to gather nan as, TaK xito so.
K neqepy naqajin ci>e3JKaTLCH ro- <> HTan flaJiee. And so on. TaK
cth. Towards evening the guests CKa3aTi>. So to speak. TaK na3braa-
began to arrive. eMMiL So-called. TaK ce6e. So-so.
(TbECTb see ECTB 1 TaK h 6biTb. Let it be so. He TaK
CBEXATB see CT>E3>KATB Jin? Is it not so?
CBEXATBCH see CBE35KATBCH TAK3KE adv. also
CLirPATB see HFPATB MH TilKJKC 6lijiii jxobojibhli. We
CBIII m., pi. cLinoBtH, CLiHOBeit son were also pleased.
GrapnmH cliii. The eldest (elder) TAK|OH, -an, -6e, -He pron.
son. MjiaAHii5H clih. The youngest 1. such. TaKon Beqep h 6yfly uou-
(younger) son. HiiTB ftOJiro. Til remember such
CLIP m., pi. -Li cheese an evening for a long time.
ByTep6po^[ c CLipoM. A cheese sand- 2. so. GerojiHH TaKan xopomaa no-
wich. ro#al Today the weather is so
good!
€BIP|OH, -as, -6e, -lie; adv. CLipo
3. as. Oh Kymfji TaKyio
the same
1. damp. Ctjpan 3GMJia. Damp Knnry, Kan h tlx. He bought
>Ke
earth. Cupou B03#yx. Damp air. same book as you did.
the
CLipan KOMnaTa. A damp room.
<> B TaicoM CJiy^ae. In this case.
predic. impers. 3j\ecb o^enb
|

TaKHM 66pa30M. In this way.

CLipo. It is very damp here.
Hto TaKoe? What's that?
2. raw, unboiled. Cbipoe mhco.
Raw meat. Gbipoe mojioko. Un-
TAKCfl neut. indecl. taxi
t

boiled milk.
JlerKOBoe TaKcn. A
taxi-cab. ExaTB
na TaKCH. To go by taxi. HaM ny>KH0
d>IT|BIH, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form B3HTB TaKcn. We should take a taxi.
cht, CHTa, cht[o, -Li replete BLi3BaTb TaKcn no Tejie^ony. To
H cut. / am full. call a taxi by telephone.
CIOJJA adv. Kyzta? here TAJIAHT m. talent, gift
H npnmeji cio#a yTpoM. / came y Hero 6ojibmoH TaJiaHT. He is very
here in the morning. gifted.
TAJ1 145 TEM

TAJIAHTJIHB|LIS, -aa, -oe, -ne tal- TBOlt, tboa, TBoe, tboh pron. your(s)
ented, gifted TBOPHECTBO neut. t
no pi. creative
TajiaHTJiiiBHH yqeHHH, niicaTejib. work
A gifted scientist, writer. TaJiaHT- TBop^ecTBo niojroxoBa. Sholokhov's
jinBan paSoxa, KHHra. A work, book works. PacnBeT TBopaecTBa. The
of great talent. height of one's creative activity. Ha-
TAM adv. r jx e? there poAHoe TBOp^iecTBO. The creative
TaM H<HBeT moh OTeii;. My father work of the people.
lives there. TaM, r,ne n pofti'uiCH, TEATP m. theatre
cymecxByeT mhofo iiHTepecHnx TeaTp onepn n 6ajieTa. A theatre
oStmaeB. Where I was born, there of opera and flpaMaTH^ecKnn
ballet.
exist many interesting customs. TeaTp. A play-house. CMOTpeTb b
T,4H|EU; m. f
gen. -na dance TeaTpe HOByio ribecy. To see a new
BHCTpLiii Taneq. A quick dance. play at a theatre. XojiiiTb b TeaTp.
HcnoJiHHTb napoAHHH TaHen. To To go to the theatre,
perform a folk dance. IIocemaTB
niKOJiy TanneB. To attend a dancing
TEJIEB03OP m. television set
CMOTpeTb nepe^aqy no TCJieBnsopy.
school.
To watch a television programme.
TAHmEBATk, -yio, -yenib, -yiOT
BKJIIO^HTb (BHKJIIO^IITb) Te jieBi$3op,
imp. a to? to dance
To turn on (off) television.
TanneBaTb Bajibc. To dance a waltz.
TanneBaTb c AeByniKOU. To dance TEJIEPPAMMA /. telegram
with a girl. Cpoqnaa TejierpaMMa. An urgent
TAPEJI|KA gen. pi. -ok plate telegram. HocjiaTb (#aTb) TejierpaM-
/.,
rJTy6oKaa TapeJiKa. A soup plate. My. To send a telegram.
MeJinaa TapeJiKa. A flat plate. Ectb TEJIErPAO m., no pi. telegraph-
H3 TapeJiKn. To eat from a plate. office
TAHJflTB, Tamy, Tarnnnib, TamaT imp. I^eHTpaJibHbiii T6Jierpa$. The central
1. koto? ti t o? to carry. TainHTb telegraph-office. HftTir na Tejierpa<J>.
MeniOK. To carry a sack. To go to the telegraph-office. Pa66-
2. HI 0? p. BHTam,|HTb, -y, -Hfflb, TaTb na Tejierpa^e. To work at a
-aT to pull out. BbiTain;HTb rB03,nb telegraph-office.
H3 cTeHM. To pull a nail out of TEJTEOOH m. telephone
the wall. HoMep A telephone num-
Tejie(J)6na.
TA|HTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,3rd ber. MetfvftyropoAHnn tcjic^oh. A
pers. -cr, -jot imp, I p. pacra|HTb, trunk line. ToBopnTb no TCJie^ony.
1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. To speak over the telephone.
-eT, -iot <> Tejie{f)6n-aBT0MaT\ A public te-
1. to thaw. Cner TaeT. The snow is lephone.
thawing. TEJI|0 neut., pi. -a
2. only imp., fig. to dwindle, to 1. substance. TBep^oe t6jio. A so-
waste away. 3anachi t&iot. The lid substance. >KiiAKoe t<3jio. A
are dwindling. Bojibhoh
supplies liquid substance.
raex na rjia3ax. You can see the 2. body. HacTir TeJia. Parts of the
sick man waste away. body.
TBEPfllblK, -afl, -oe, -He, short form TEMA /. subject, theme
TBepA, TBepaa, TBepfllo, -h; adv. TeMa ypoKa. The subject (theme) of
TB&pJIO a lesson. TeMa #0KJia,ua. rphe sub-
1. solid. TBep^oe t6jto. A solid ject of a report.
substance. TEMH|BlIi, -an, -oe, -ne, adv. tcmho
2. hard. Tsep^an 3eMJin. Hard 1. dark. TeMnan KOMnaTa. A dark
ground. room. predic. impers. Ha yjiiine
|

3. fig. firm, sound. TBepflLie 3na- TeMHO. It is dark outside.

hhh. Sound knowledge. ITpiiHHTb 2. dark. TeMHbin koctiom. A dark
TBep^oe peineirae. To take a TeMHHe bojioch. Dark
suit. hair,
firm decision. TeMHHe rJia3a. Dark eyes.
TEM 146 TE4

3. fig. dark. Tcmiihg chjih. Dark TEPiT|Tb, -io, -euib, -iox imp. koto?
forces. mO? /p. HOTepJJ|Tb, -IOT
-10, -GLUb,
TEMli m, tempo, speed, rate 1. to lose. Iloxepnxb cyMny. To lose
Bbicxphin TeMn. A
quick tempo. one's bag.
Tomi'j peMii. The tempo (speed) of 2. fig. to lose. Tcpj'iTb jipyra. To
speech, Teuuu pasBiixnn 3koh6mii- lose a friend. TepaTb nafle?K#y.
kh. The rate of economic development. To lose hope, Tcpnxb cjryx. To
TEMllEPATyPA /. lose one's hearing. Tepaxb BpeMH.
1. temperature. TeMnepaxypa boali. To waste time.
The temperature of water. IIsMe- <> TcpaTb rojiooy. To lose one's
ptiTb xeMnepaxypy. To take a head. Bli ne biiacjiii 3Ty Kapxn-
temperature. iiy? Her? Bbi imuer-6 ne noTe-
2. temperature. V
BbicoKan nero pjTJiri. "Have you seen this pic-
xeMiiepaxypa. Tie
a high has ture? No? You have missed
temperature. colloq. high tem-
||
nothing."
perature, fever, y pe6enKa TeM- TECII|LIM, -an, -oe, -Lie, snort form
nepaxypa. The child has a fever, xecen, xecea, Tecn|o, -li; adv. tocho
TEIIb /., prepos. b xemi shade; shad- 1. cramped. Tecnan KBapxnpa. A
ow. cramped flat. predic. impers.
Tem> OT ^epesa. The shade of a
\

oJtecb xecno. There is no room here.

tree. Cnjiexb b xeim. To sit in the
2. tight. TecHbie Soxhhkii. Tight
shade. Oh Cohjich c66cTBennoir xe- shoes. PySauiKa Mne Tocua. The
iiii. He was afraid of his own shadow.
shirt is too tight for me.
TEOPHH /. theory 3. close. Elixb xecno CBnaaniiLiM
Haytman Teopirn. A scientific theory. c kcm-jih6o. To be closely con-
Ii3y iiaTi> Teopino. To study a nected with somebody.
theory. CoeAnnaxb Teopino c npan-
titkoh. To combine theory with prac- TETPAflb /. copy-book
Tojicxaa xexpajib. A thick copy-book.
tice.
TEflEPL adv. now ToiiKan xexpa^b. A
thin copy-book.
OCmiaa xexpaAb. A thick general-
Tenepb oh auiBex bCnonpn, a ,

purpose copy-book. TexpaAb b jiii-

paHbnie pa6oTaji n Mockb6. Now he
lives in Siberia, but before he worked
neiiKy. A
lined copy-book, niicaxb
b TeTpa^n. To write in a copy-book.
in Moscow.
TEIIJ1|I>1M, -a>r, -oe, -Lie, short form TETil /. aunt
xeneji, xenJija, -6, -li; adv. xenJio TEXHIIKA /., no pi.

1. warm. Tenjian KOMnaxa. A warm 1. technique, technology. Depe/io-

room. B03Ayx. Warm
TeriJibrii Baa xexunna. Advanced technol-
air. PasBO 6to ropnunii cyn? Oh ogy. ObJia/iexb tcxhhkoh. To
uyxb TenJTMH. Do you call this master technique.
hot soup? It is hardly warm. 2. technique. Teximna nrpbi na
Teruioe naJibxo. A warm coat. CKpniiKC. The technique of play-
|

predic. impers. (is) warm. Mne ing the violin.

xenjio. I feel warm. 3,n;ecb xenjio. TEXHfmECKIHH, -an, -oe, -tie
It is warm here. 1.technical. TexnrmecKiiH nporpecc.
2. fig. warm, cordial. Tenjjbie qyu- Technical progress
CTBa. Warm feelings. Onri Teruio 2. technical. TexmmecKiiM hhctii-
npocTirjincb c rocTHMii. They Tyx. A
technical institute.
said good-bye to their guests cor- 3. technical. TexHimccKaa paGoxa.
dially. Technical work.
TEPHEJlflBIMfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short TEHEIIHE neut. current, stream
form TepnejiHB, -a, -o, -li; adv. xcp- Hif/Kuec xeneune pciui. The lower
nejiiiBo patient reaches of the river.
TepnejinBHii yuuxejib. patient A <> IIJiWTb no Te ieinno (npoxnc i

teacher. TepneJiiiBO o6x>HCiinxb. To Teucmifl). To go with (against) the

explain patiently. stream.
TE lI 147 TOH

TE|HL, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd 3. then. Korfla npoqirraio Kmiry,
pers. -hSt, -Kyi, past tck, Tenjjia, TorAa OTftaM ee Te6e. I When
"Jio, -jih imp. have read the book I'll give it
1. to flow, to stream. Pen a Te*iex. back to you.
The river flows. Ho Jinny ee T(3 ECTf> conj. that is (to say)
T6KJTH cne3H. Tears were streaming Ceiiqac Mapx. H BepnycB b nione,
down her
cheeks. to ecTB nepe3 #Ba Mecana. Now it
2. to fly by. Bpenn Ten ex He-
fig. is March. I'll come back in June,
3aMeTHO. Time goes by imper- that is in two months.
ceptibly. T02EE adv. also
T0X|Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne, short form H tojko npiifly na Be riep. I'll also
tux, Tiixa, ti'ix|o, -h; adv. thxo; come to the evening-party. H TOJKe
com p. Tikoe ycTaJi. / am also tired. Tli ne xo-
1. soft. Thxhh roJioc. ^4 so// yoice. neiHb 3Toro? H t6/kc "You don't
Tiixo iictb. To si/zg" softly. Pobo- wa?it that? Neither do I."
pir Tiimel Don't speak so loudl TOJIHA /., pi. TOJinti crowd
2. quiet. Tiixoe yTpo. A
quiet morn- ToJina JiiQReii. A
crowd of people.
ing. TOJICT|I>lS, -an, -oe, -He, short form
3. quiet. Trixrin pe6en0K. A quiet tojict, TOJiCTa, tojict|o, -li; comp.
child. TOJime
THfflHHA /., no pi. silence 1. thick. TojicTan HHTKa. thick A
riojinaji Titmiuta. Complete silence. thread. ToJicraa Knnra. thick A
HapymaTB TiraniHy. To break the book.
silence, GTOflJia MepTBan THniima. 2. fat. Tojictbih nejioBeK. fat man. A
It was dead silent. TOJlbKO
TKAHB /. fabric 1. adv. only. B KOMnaTe tojibko
LIIepcTHnaa TKant. woollen fabric. A ojjhh CTyJi. There is only one
TO particle then chair in the room. Oh npnexaJi
Ecjiii 6yfleT BpeMH, to h npnsy. tojibko B^iepa. He came only
// / have time Til come. yesterday.
TO... TO conj. now... now 2. conj. only, H coraaceH, tojibko
TO rOBOpHETB OAHO, TO RpyBOe,
TBI neceiiHac. / agree, only not now.
— KaK me Miie Te6e BepHTB? Now 3. particle only. Tojibko 6bi yexaTbt"
you say one thing, now another, / wish only to go away I H 3a-
how am I to believe you? iieM tojibko oh caejian sto? Why
TOBAP m. on earth did he do that?
1. ware. ripoMHaiJieiiHHe TOBapti. 4. as part of compound conj. a) tojib-
Industrial wares. ko *ito just. Oh tojibko hto npn-
2. usu. pi. goods. ToBapH ranpOKO- meji. He has just come, b) KaK
ro noTpeSjieniifl. Consumer goods. tojibko the moment. KaK tojibko
TOBAPH ID; m. mbi BomjiH b 3aji,... The moment
1. friend. Bepntin TOBapiira;. A true we entered the hall...
friend. TOH m, tone
2. used in addressingpeople: ToBa- Bpa>KAe6HBiH toh. A hostile tone.
puiH He-rpoBa!Comrade Petrova! rOBOpHTL ^pyHCeuKHM TOHOM. To
ToBapum Bojikob! Comrade Vol- speak in a friendly tone.
kovf TOHKIHS, -an, -oe, -He, short form
TOrjJA adv. tohok, TOHKa, tohk|o, -h; adv.
1. tben. r^e tbi 6hji b inojie? —H tohko; comp. TOHBHie
6biji Tor;;a b flpyroM ropo#e. 1. thin. ToHKan TeTpafffc. A thin
"Where were you in July? 1 77 11
copy-book. Tohkog AepeBO, A thin
was then in another town." tree. ToHKHe 6pOBH. Fine eye-
2. tben. ne 3Haenn> sxoro?
Tli brows. Tohko nape3aTB CHp To
;

Tor^a B03LMH Kiinry n npo Tin- cut the cheese thin.

Tan "You don't know that? Then
I 2. thin. Tohkhh tojioc. A thin
take the book and read it!" voice.
TOH 148 TPA

3. delicate, keen. Tohkhh BKyc. A one, the very same one. B Ty

delicate taste. Tohkiih cnyx. A jKe MHHyTy. That very moment.
keen ear. Ojiho n to tf<e. The (very) same
4. fine. Kojibho tohkoh paSoTH. A thing. JJejio b tom, *ito... The
ring of fine workmanship. thing is that... Hue He ro topo.
<> r^e tohko, tslm h pecTca (prov- I've other things to attend to.
erb). Gf. The strength of a chain XI to My noAoSnoe (n t. n.). And
is determined by its weakest link. on (etc.).
so
TOHHA /. ton as part of compound con].: bmocto
5.
BecoM b 500 tohh. 600 tons in Toro, Hf66hi instead of; tom ho
weight. Menee nevertheless; nocjie Toro
TOH^TIi, TOHy, Tonernb, tohvt imp. KaK after, following; #0 Toro
1. p. ooTonyTb, noTOiiy, noTonemb, nan, nepe^ t6m KaK before; ne-
dotohvt to sink. KopaSjib no- CMOTpfi Ha to, riT0 in spite of the
Tonyji. The ship has sunk. fact that; b to BpeMH KaK while
2. p. yxonyTb, yxony, yxoiieniL, T0H|KA/., gen. pi. -eK point, full stop
yTonyT to get drowned. Meljib- IToCTaBHTb TOHKy. To put a full
HHK yTOHyji b pene. The boy got stop.
drowned in the river. <> ToqKa c 3anaT0ii. A semi-
no p. to sink. MeTaaji xoneT b
3. colon. ToHiia 3pemiH. One' s point of
BOjje. Metal sinks in water. view. C Moeii to mm 3peHiia. From
TOITCBJ1H /. trade my standpoint
BHenraaa ToproBJifl. Foreign trade. TOHHjMIl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form
BnyTpeHHHH ToprOBJia. Home trade. Toaen, Toana, Toanjo, -h; adv.
ToprOBJia OBomaMH. The
vegetable TOaHO
trade. Pa3BHBaTb ToproBJiio. To de- 1. exact. Toaabin nepeBOfl. An
velop trade. exact translation. T6aao 3iiaTb.
TOP5KECTBEHH| blfi, -an, -oe, -tie; To know for certain. ToaHbie aa-
adv. TOpjKecTBeeno Cbi. A good time-keeping watch.
1. festive. Topx^ecTBennHH .iieHb. Toanoe BpeMfl. The exact time.
A festive day. 2. punctual. Tohhlih aejiOBeK. A
2. solemn. TopJKecTBeHHiin toh. punctual man.
A solemn tone. <> ToMHbie nayKH. The exact sciences.
TOPOnflTbCH, ToponJiiocB, Toponnmb- TP ABA /., pi. TpaBbi
ch,ToponaTcn imp. to hurry 1. grass. Seaeaaa TpaBa. Green
ToponnTBCfl B TeaTp. To hurry to grass. BbicoKaa TpaBa. Tall
the theatre. grass.
TOT pron. 2. only pi. herbs. JleKapcTBenHtie
1. that. Tot #om. That house. B tot TpaBbi. Medicinal herbs.
#enb. (On) that day. TPAKTOP m., pi. TpaKTopa, TpaKTO-
2. other. Ha toee cTOpone. On the pos & TpaKTopH, TpaKTopos tractor
other side. Ha tom 6epery. On TPAMBAH m. tram
the other bank. ^BaauaTb uiecTOH TpaMBan. A num-
3. : Mm yBepenM b tom, hto.,. ber 26 tram. RxaTb na TpaMBae. To
We are sure that... H cnporay go by tram. CecTb na TpaMBau. To
y Toro, kto 3naeT. Til ask some- take a tram. Cohth c TpaMBaa. To
body who knows. get off the tram.
4. that. 9to tot #om? Is that the TPAHCnOPT m., no pi. transport
house? 9to Ta Benib? Is that the Topo/rCKon TpaucnopT. City trans-
thing? 9to He Ta Benib! This is port. Bit ah TpaecnopTa. Kinds
not the thing! 3to coBceM ne to! of transport.
It is not that at all! TPA|THTI> -ay, -THinb, -tht imp.
H tot h flpyroii. Both (one and it o? na aro?/p. iiCTpa|THTb,
the other). Hh tot nn flpyroii. -ay, -Tiiinb, -TaT to spend
Neither (one nor the other). Tot TpaTHTb aeHbrn na nnTanne. To
nee, tot >Ke eaMbifi. The same spend money on food. McrpaTHTb
TPE 149 ipy

MBoro #eHer. To spend much money. bus. Couth c xpojiJieii6yca. To get

Oh TpaTUT Miioro BpeMemi na po- off the trolleybus.
pery. He spends a lot of time trav- TPOHYTb see TPOFATB
elling. TPyBA /., pi. xpy6n
TPEB|OBATt», -yio, -yenib, -ywT 1. tube. npoH3BOACTBO Tpy6. Pro-
imp. ito? or q e r 6? y k o r 6? duction of tubes.
ot Koro?-fiTo6H or -\-inf.l 2. chimney. 3aB0ACKaa Tpy6a. A
p. noTpe6|OBaTL, -yio, -yeinb, -yioT factory chimney. Tpy6a AOMa.
1. to demand. H Tpe6yio cjiosa. / The chimney of a house.
demand the right to be heard. 3. trumpet. MrpaTb na Tpy6e. To
YqiiTeJiB Tpe6oBaji, ht66h mh play (to blow) the trumpet.
^eJiaJiH AOMamHHe savanna. The TPYE|KA /., gen. pi. -ok pipe
teacher demanded that we should KypuTb Tpy6Ky. To smoke a pipe.
do our home- task. TPyj]; m., gen. -a
2, to take. 3Ta pa6oTa xpe6yeT mho- 1. no pi. work; labour. yMCTBeHHHH

ro BpeMCXin, This work takes a TpyA- Brain work. tDH3naeciaiH

lot of time. Tpya;. Manual work.
TPEB()H\H|I>l£i, -an, -oe, -He, short 2. difficulty. Oh c TpyAOM BCTaa.
form TpeBOJKen, TpeBO>KH|a, -o, -m; He stood up with difficulty. Oh
adv. TpeBOJKHO BLiyqnn bto 6e3 Tpyfla He .

1. anxious. TpeBo>KHLiii Barjuifl. learned without any difficulty.

it

An anxious look. 3. work. Hay^tibiu Tpyft. scien- A

2. alarming. TpeBOJKHoe noJiOHce- tific work. TpyAH ferejia. The
HH6 An alarming situation. Tpe-
.
works by Hegel.
BOJKHoe BpsMH. An uneasy time. TPy#flTBCH, Tpy>Kycb, TpyMnmbca,
TpeBOHCHHe hobocth. Alarming xpy^aTCH imp. to work
news. JTaSopaTopnH TpyAUTca naA perne-
HHeM 3toii saAaan. The laboratory
TP<5rA|TB, -io, -ernb, -iot imp, ko-
works absolving this problem.
to? a to? qeM?/p. Tp6n|yTb, -y, 1

-emB, -yT (momentaneous action) &

TPySHIBIII, -aa, -oe, -He, short form
Tpy£ e H, Tpy^ua, TpyAQ|°, a ^v -

noTpora|TB, -io, -euib, -iot

1. to touch. SKcnonaTH b My3ee
xpyAHo
HejiL3ff TporaTb pyKaMH. The
1. difficult. TpyjiHBiu 9K3aMeH. A
difficult examination. TpyAHoe
exhibits in the museum should
not be touched. Euy xorejiocb
3afl;aHiie. A
difficult task. HaM

noTporaxt Kaacflyio Bemb- He

TpyAHO nonaTb Bac. It is diffi-
cult for us to understand you.
wanted to touch every thing.
3ra KHiira Tpy^na gtm Bac. This
2. p. only TpouyTb fig. to move.
book is too difficult for you.
3to ero ne TporaeT. It doesn't
2. difficult, hard. Tpy^Haa o6cTa-
move him. Mena sto oaenb Tpo-
Hyjio. It moved me deeply.
HOBKa. A difficult situation.

3. only TpoiiyTb to touch. He

TpyAHoe BpeMa. A hard time.
p.
TporauTe ero! Leave him alone/
TPy#OB|OM, -an, -oe, -ne
1. working, labour. Tpy^oBoe boc-
TPOE num. three HHTaHne. Labour education.
Tpoe CTy^eETOB. Three students. 2. working. Tpy^OBaa MOjio/ie?Kb.
Y Hero Tpoe fleTen. He has three Working youth.
children. Hac 6hjio
Tpoe. There 3. hard-earned. TpyAOBbie A^Hbra.
were three of us. ITpomJio Tpoe Hard-earned money.
cyTOK. Three days had passed. 4. working. TpyAOBOH AGHb. The
TPOJIJlMBYC m; trolleybus working day.
riHTLiii A number 5
TpoJiJieuSyc. <> TpyAOBbie pe3epBbi. Labour-re-
trolleybus.OcTanoBKa TpoJiJieuSyca. serves
A trolleybus stop. Exaxb ua Tpoji- TPy,H^n(|Haca m. t
gen. -eroca
JieuSyce. To go by trolleybus. CecTb worker
Ha TpoJUieu6yc. To take a trolley- TpyAaniHeea Bcex cxpan. The workers
TPy 150

of the world. GoueTBi AenyraTOB TSHA f.

TpyAHmiixCH. Soviets of workers' 1. cloud. ^epiiLie reymi. Black
deputies. clouds. H it 3 k ne Tyqii. Low clouds.
TPyC m. coward 2. fig. cloud. Tymi nuim. Clouds
Oh OKa3aJica TpycOM. He turned of dust.
out to be a coward. Thl pron. gen., acc. ie6n, dat. Te6e,
t

TPyCbl no sing, shorts instr. To66ii, prepos. Te6e you

CnopTCMeiiH 0HJIH b KpacHLix Maii- Th mou spyr. You are my friend.
Kax h nepnbix xpycax. The sports- ^to th AeJiaeiHb ceitqac? What are
men Wore red jerseys and black you doing now?
shorts. <> BbiTb 11a «tm» c k6m-jih6o. To
TPIiII|KA /., gen. pi. -ok rag, duster thee-and-thou somebody.
OrapaTb nwjib TpnnKOH. To remove TBIJI m. prepos. b THjry; pi. tlijih
t

dust with a rag. Mht& noji Tpan- rear

koh. To wash the floor with a rag. Thji H cjjpoiir. The rear and the
TYftA adv. k y a? there front. Pa66'raTB b TLiJiy. To work
Bot Mara3i3H, ho mu xy^a ne noii- on the home front.
aeM. Here is the shop, but we shall
not go there. KaK n;oexaTb
nen- a;o
TIOPkMA /., pi. tiopbmli, TiopeM,
Tpa? —Tyfla mohsho exaTb na MeT-
TioptMaM, etc. prison
po. "How can I get to the centre?" — TTocaxa'iTB To put into
b
prison. BpoCHTB b TiopLMy To fling
TioptMy.
"You can get there by the under- .

into prison. Cimexb b TiopbMe. To

ground." Bli ii^ere He xyfta. You are
be in prison.
not going the right way.
TyMAH m. mist, fog TH?KEJI|blfi, .-aa, -oe, -Lie, short form
YTpeHHiiH Ty&ian. A morning mist. thjkcji, TH>KeJi|a, -6, -li; adv. th-
TycToii TyMan. A dense fog. Ha H^eJio
yjitine cerOflHfl TyMan. It is foggy 1. heavy. Th^kSjiwh hhiiik. A heavy
outside today. box. predic. impers. Te6e Tfime-
I

Jio HecTu Stot leMOflraH. It is

TyniOIt, -aa, -6e, -Lie
difficult for you to carry that
1. blunt. TynoS hojk. A blunt
suit-case.
knife.
2. fig. hard, difficult. TnjKeJiaa
2. not pointed. Tynou hocok 6o-
pa6oTa. Hard work. Tamejiaa
THHKa. A rounded toe-cap.
?iai3Hb. A hard life. Tn>Kejioe
3. fig. meaningless. Tynou E3rJiHfl,
A meaningless look. 3a£ainie. A
difficult task. He- V
ro 6mia TH^nejiaa mojiojioctb. He
4. fig. dull. Tyaon yqeniiK. A dull
had a hard youth, V Hero THJKe-
pupil, a dunce.
Jibra xapaKTep. He is a difficult
5. fig. dull. Tynan 6ojib. A dull
person. CoBepimiTb THH\ejioe npe-
pain.
CTynjieHHe. To commit a heinous
TyPHCT m. tourist, hiker crime. Tamejiaa 6ojie3Hb. grave A
TypUCTLI XOJIHJIH B JieTHKH nox6#. illness. TflJKejiaa onepanitn. se- A
The hikers went on a summer walk- rious operation. Ta>KeJioe qyBCTBO.
ing tour. HuoCTpauHBie TypncTH. A hard feeling. TH>K(ijibiH #eiib. A
Foreign tourists. hard day. predic. impers. Mile
\

TYT adv. r^e? (colloq.) here thjkcjio BcnoMiinaTb 06 6tom. It

Tyr ctoht ctoji, a raM AHBaH. — is painful for me to recollect that.
There is a table here, and a divan <> y nee xa>KeJi6 na Ayme. She
over there. has misgivings. TniKeJian npo-
Ty<DJIH pl. f
gen. pi. TytJmJib; sing. MbimjieHHOCTb. The heavy in-

Ty<JwiH /. shoes dustry.

KowaHHe Ty$Jiir. Leather shoes. TlfHYTB, THny, THHemb, THiiyT imp.
Ty({)JinHa bhcokom (hh3kom) na6- koto? hto? /p. noTHHyTb, no-
JiyKe. High- (low -)heeled shoes, $0- Tany, nOTHiieuib, noTHiiyr
Manrane Ty$an. Slippers. 1. to pull. Oh noxHuyji OTHa aa
y 151 YBE

pyKaB. He pulled his father's 2. fig. to kill. H3BecTiie o CMepTii

sleeve. Cbtiia y6bex ee. The news of her
2. colloq., fig. to draw out. He tjihh, son's death will kill her.
paccKaabiBaii 6biCTpee. Don't <> XoTb yf>eii, ne 3iiaio. / couldn't
draw it out, say it quickly. tell you to save my life.

O TmivTh c 0TB6T0M. To delay yEIIPA-lTB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. q t o?/

one's answer.
p. y6paTb, y6ep|y, -euib, -y r, past
r

ybpaJi, -a, yopaJi|o, -n

1. to remove. Y6paTb TeTpaAii
y CO CTOJia. To take the copy-books
from the desk.
y prep, -j- gen. 2. to put away. Y6pa.Tb khhth b
1. by. ctoiit y OKHa.
Ctoji The iUKa<J). To put away books in
table is by the window. a bookcase.
2. at. H ?KiiDy y 6paxa. I live at 3. to gather (in). Y6paTb ypo>Kan.
my brother's. To
gather (in) the crops.
3. from. H y3naJi y Moero yqi'iTeJin 4. to tidy up. yopaTb KOMHajy
MHoro HHTepecnoro. / learned a To tidy up the room. YopaTb
lot of interesting things from my nocTGJit. To make the bed.
teacher. Mow TOBapnm bshji y
YBflTB see YEHBATb
Mean MOio KHiiry. My friend has
borrowed a book from me. YBPATb see YEHPATb
4. : y nee 6ojiht roJiOBa. She has a YBA?KA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-
headache. to? h to? 3 a h t 6? to respect
T
5. : y Meii« ecTt Stot jKypnaJi. / > Ba>KaTb poAHTejieii. To respect
have got that m.agazine. TOBa- V one's parents. YBa>KaTb TOBapiinia
puma 6ojiLinaa ceMba. friend My 3a CMCJiocTb. To respect one' s friend
has a large family. for his bravery. Mbi aojitkiili yBa-
yBEflflTb see yBE5KflATB >Ka.Tb Hpyr flpyra. must respect We
yBEAlITbCH see YBE JK ATb CH one another.
yBE5KflA|TJE>, -10, -emb, -iot imp. yBA^KEHIIE neut., no pi. respect
koto? b n e m? & + i n f-/p- y^ e ~ IT6jib30BaTbCR yBa>KenneM TOBapn-
R|hti>, 1st pers. sing, not used, -Hinb, in;eii. To be held in respect by one's
-jit persuade
to convince, to friends. H cj^ejiaJi bto hs yBa/Kenna
Ham HHJKenep y6ejjfiji nac b k spyry. / did that out of respect
npaBHJibHOCTH cBoero npoeicra. for my friend.
Our engineer has convinced us
yBEJIfiHHBAITb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
of correctness of his project.
the
HTO?/p. yBejiHujHTb, -y, -nnib, -aT
Mti yfieflHjrii TOBapiinia nocry-
1.to increase. yBeJinuiiTb BbinycK
iihtb b HHCTflTyT. persuaded We TKaHeii. To increase the output
our friend to enter an institute.
of fabrics.
yEE3Kfl£|T£>CH, -iocs, -embCH, -iot-
2. to raise. YBejinqnTb 3apa6oTnyio
ch imp. b qeM?/ p. y6e#luTBCH, nJia.Ty. To raise one's salary
1st pers. sing, not used, -huibch,
(wages).
-htcjt to get convinced
y6e#HTbCK b BepnocTii ftpyra. To yBEJIMTOBAlTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers,

get convinced of one's friend's loyal- not used, 3rd pers.

-eTCH, -iotch
ty. Mbi y6e/inJiiicb b tom, t
ito ejto imp.jp. yBeJin^lHTbCfl, 1st & 2nd
npaB^a. We got convinced that it pers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch, -aT-
was true. ch to increase, to grow
yBIIBA|TB, -io, -ems, -iot imp. k o r 6?
KojnriecTBO e/ry#eHTOB yBejiEran-

iTO?/p. v6htl, y6b|to, -emt, -iot BaeTCfl. The number of students is

1. tO kill. YoHTb BOJIKa H3 py>Kba. growing .

To kill a wolf with a gun. yBEJIflHIITb see YBEJIftTOBATB

y6uTb hojkom. To kill with a yBEJIflTOTBCH see YBEMFIH
knife. BATBCH
ybe 152 y/jo

yBEPEHH|Blfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. 3rd pers. y^acTCH, y,ira#yTCH, past
yBepenno yfla|Jica, -nacb, -jiocb, -jihcb
1. part., short form yBepen, yBe- 1. to be a success. Ohlit y^aJicn.
pen|a, -o, -hi sure, cerbain. The experiment was a success.
yBepeHHLie b no6e^e, mh npo- 2. impers. k m y? -j- to man-
/jOJDKajiH 6opb6y. Certain of age. Mne y^ajiocb npnexaTb Ha
victory, we continued the fight. BOK3aji BOBpeMH. / managed to
Mm ysepeHM b narnefi no6ene. come to the station in time. HaM
We are sure of our victory. H ne ysaJiocb nonacTb Ha BLicTaB-
ysepeH b tom, tto oh npaB. / am Ky, We didn't manage to get to
sure he is right. the exhibition.
2. used as adj., short form yBe- yAAp m.
pen, yBepeHjna, -ho, -hm confi- 1. blow, clap. Ghjibubih y#ap. A
dent, sure. yBepeHHLie jjexiCTBHH. strong blow, y^ap rpo&ia. A clap
Confident actions. Ero flBHHce- of thunder.
hiih 6hjih 6hctph h yBepen- 2. fig. blow. 3xo jijih nero thjkcjihh
Hf»i. His
actions were quick and Vflap. This is a hard blow to him.
sure. Oh rOBopiiJi yBepenno <> BbiTb b yRape. To be at one's
(adv.). He spoke confidently. best.
YBftftETb BftRETh see y^APHTB see YRAVfLTh
YBJlEKAlTbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -iotch y^APHTLCH see y#APJlTbCH
imp. Ken? lieM?/ p. yBJiel^iBCH, yAAPHHK m. shock-worker
-Kycb, -HemLCH, -KyTCH, past yB- y^apHHK KOMMyHHCTHHeCKOrO Tpy-
. jieKCH, yBJieK|jracb, -jiocb, -jthcb to #a. A shock-worker of communist
be carried away, to be keen (on labour.
doing something) yflAP)l|TI>, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ko-
yBJieKSLTBCH CHOpTOM, pa60TOH. To to? h e m? no HeMy?B0HT0?/
go in for sports, to be carried away p. yftap|HTb, -10, -HHIb, -ht to
with one's work. strike, to hit, to kick
yrOJI m., gen. yrira, prepos. b yrJiy y^apHTb hotoh b ^Bepb. To kick
1. corner, yroji ^OMa. The corner at the door. y^apiiTb koto-^h6o
of a house. Ctohtb na yrJiy yjin- pyKOH no HJieny. To strikesomebody
Hbi. To stand at the corner of the on the shoulder.
street. CiiAeTb b yrJiy KOMnaTH. y^APillTBCH, -iocb, -embca, -hdtch
To sit in the corner of the room. imp. 060 hto? ieM?/p. ysa-
2. yrnoM 45° (copoK hhtb
angle. Ilofl p|HTbCH, -IOCb, -HHIbCJI, -HTCfl
At an angle of 45°.
rpanycOB). to strike oneself, to hit oneself
<> XoftHTb n3 yrjia b yroji. To H yAapnJicH pyKOH o Kpan CTOJia.
walk up and down the room. Yroji / knocked my hand against the edge
3peHHH. A point of view. H3~3a of the table.
yrjia. From round the corner. yflATBCH see y^ABATBCH
yrOJIb m., gen. yrjia coal yflHBflTBCH see yjJHBJlHTBCH
KaMeHHHH yrojib. Coal. flo6biBaTb yflHBJlHlTBCH, -rocb, -embCH, -k»tch
yrojib. To mine coal. yBeJiiranBaTb imp. KOMy? h e m y?/p. yp;H]BuTb-
Roftbiny yrjia. To increase the coal CH, -BJIMCb, -BBTflbCH, -BHTCH to be
output. surprised
yrocTSTb see yronjlTB H yftHBHJiCH ero cjiobslm. / was
surprised at his words.
yrOIDjAITL, -io, -enib, -iot imp. ko- yflOBHjBlS, -an, -oe, -hie, short form
to? igm? / p. yro|cTHTb, -my, y,n;66eH, yn66H|a, -o, -h; adv. yp;66H0
-CTHHib, -ctht to treat 1. comfortable. y,a;66Hoe Kpecjio,
yrocTHTb TOBapnnia *iaeM. To treat A comfortable chair. Oh y#66HO
one's friend to tea. CH^eji b Kpecjie. He sat comfort-
y#A|'BATLCtf, 1st & 2nd pers. not ably in an armchair. predic. |

used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp./ impers. (it is) comfortable. 3;n;ecb
p. ynaTLCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, o^enb y^66H0 pa66TaTb. It is very
 153

comfortable to work here. BaM y3K|HK, -an, -oe, -ne, short form
yftOOHO CH^eTb? Are you sitting y30K, y3Ka, y3Kjo, -h; comp. yme
comfortably? 1. narrow. ysKaa yjmna. nar- A
2. predic. impers. (it is) con- row street. y3Kiie 6pioKH. Nar-
venient. y#66HO JIH TOBOpHTb row trousers. BpiOKH ny>KHO c#e-
06 3T0M? Isn't it awkward to jiaTb yH<e. The trousers must be
speak about that? made narrower.
yaOBOJILCTBHE neut. pleasure 2. fig. narrow, particular, yanan
KoHi^epT ^octslbhji MHe 6ojibm6e cnennaJibHOCTb. narrow speci- A
yAOBOJifcCTBHe. / enjoyed the concert ality. y3KHe HHTepecbi. Narrow
very much. E
cjiyraan neBH,a c ynp- interests.
BOJibCTBHeM. / listened to the sing- 3. only form ysOK, y,3Ka
short f

er with pleasure. -6, -htoo tight. 3to nxraTbe y3-

yE35KA[TI>, -10, -emb, -jot imp. ko MHe. This dress is too tight
p. yexaTB, ye#|y, -emfc, -vt to go for me.
away y3HA|BATB. -16, -ems, -iot imp./
YexaTB OT^HxaTB. To go on one's p. v3Ha|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot
holiday. YexaTB H3 ropoAa b #epeB- 1. koto? h t 0? to recognise fl .

hio. To go from town to the country. cpa3y y3naJi cboio y Jinny. J rec-
OShhho oh ye3?KaeT Ha pa6oTy ognised my
street at once.
pano yTpoM. He usually goes 2. ito? kom? h e m? to
to work early in the morning. learn. ysnaTb HHTepecHyio ho-
B nponuioM rouy a ne HHKy^a BOCTb. To learn interesting news.
yesJKan H3 #6 Ma. Last year I didn't Ot Hero y3Hajin mh nocjieA-
go away anywhere. hhx co6bithhx. We
learned the
YEXATb see YE35KATI> latest events from him. y3HaTb
y*3K particle emphasising the meaning MHoro HHTepecnoro.. To learn a
of the word to which it refers really lot of interesting things.
OneHB ym hjioxo oh cuejiaji bto. 3. to know. Go BpeMenen mli
,

He really did that very badly. Th y3HaJiH ero Jiy^me. Later we got
ym He roBopn eMy 06 3T0M. Don't to know him better.
you tell him about that. y3HATb see y3HABATb
y}KE adv. already yfiTfi see yXOSflTB
H yTKe HHTaJi 3Ty KHHry. / have yKPACHTB see yKPAIflATb
already read that book. Yme nopa yKPACTL see KPACTb
hath somoh. It's already time to go yKPAmA|Tb, -10, -ernb, -iot imp.
home. Moee chh yHce B3p6cjTHH. ^to? *i m? / p. yKpa|CHTb, -my,
My son is already grown-up. -CHTHB, -CHT
SMMH m. supper 1. to deck. yKpamaTb ropofl $Jia-
XoJioflHBiH y)KHH. A
cold supper. raMH. To deck a town with flags.
C'BecTb yjKHH. To eat one's supper. 2. to decorate. HBeTii yKpaiaaiOT
IIpHroTOBHTB yjKHH. To cook one's KOMHaTy. Flowers decorate a room.
supper. BeceflOBaTB 8a yjKHHOM. yKPEHKTb see yKPEIIJI^Tb
To talk at supper. Cer6#Hff na y>KHH yKPEHJlHlTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
pii6a. There is fish for supper to- ito? ^ e M?/p. yKpe|niiTb, -hjiio,
day. Ilocjie y>KHHa. After supper. -nnnib, -EST
to fortify. ynpenJiaTb ropo^- To
r
> /KHHA|TB, -so, -emb, -iot imp./ 1.

p. HOyH{HHa|Tb, -k>, -eini., -iot to fortify a town.

have supper 2. fig. to strengthen. ynpenHTb
BKycHO noyjKHHaTb. To have a tasty 3,n;op6Bbe. To strengthen one's
supper. health. yKpenJiHTb n.pyJKecTBeii-
SSEJl m., gen. y3Jia HLie CBH3H. To strengthen friend-
1. knot. KpeHKHH y3eJi. A tight knot. ly ties.
3aBH3aTB yaen. To tie a knot. fj\m\A f.
2. fig. knot. Vsen npoTHBope^nn. 1. street. TjiaBHan yjrnna.^ The
A knot of contradictions. main street.H >KHBy na yjinne
yjiy 154 y/wbi

PopbKoro. / live in Gorky Street. na yMe. To know which side one's

M^Tii no yjnme. To go along the bread is buttered on. Ym xopouio,
street. a Aoa jiy'ime (proverb). Cf. Two
2. outside. Bmhtii na y Jinny. To heads are better than one.
go out. Ha yjiime xojio,u;iiee, qeM y M E HB III A TBI
, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
,a;6Ma. /£'s colder outside than in- hto?/ -mnb, -aT
p. yMeiibDj|HTb, -y,
side. to lessen, to reduce
yjiyWA|TB, -H), -enib, -k>t i/^. yMeiibuiiTTb flaBjienne. To lessen
hto?/ p. yjiy^iolHTB, -y, -Hint, -ax the pressure. yMenbiniiTb cnopocTb.
to improve To reduce the speed. yMeiibmiiTb
yjiyqtnaTb >Kii3H& Hapo^a. To im- KOJiri iecTB0 pa66Hirx. To cut down
i

prove the people's life. yjiymnaxb the number of workers.

ycJiOBHH pa6oTH. To improve working yMEHBITIA|TBCH. 1st & 2nd pers.
conditions. not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -iotch
yjiy^niAITbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not imp.jp. yMeHbm|HTbCH, 1st & 2nd
used, 3rd pers. -exca, -iotch imp. I p. pers. used, 3rd pers.
not -htch,
yjiyqiulHTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not -aTca to lessen, to decrease
used, 3rd pers. -iitch, -aTCH to im- flaBJieinre yMenbuninocb. The pres-
prove sure has decreased. PaccTOnnne mb>k-
Moe 3#opoBbe yjiynurajiocb. My ^y naMit 6biCTpo yMeubma.nocb. The
health has improved. OTiiouieuHH distance between us was fast growing
Me?Kfly 9THMII cxpanaMii yjiyqmaiOT- shorter.
ch. The relations between these coun-
tries are improving.
yMEHBHIHTB see yMEHBIUATB
yjiy^iiniiTb see yjiyqniATb yMEHBfflHTBCH yMEHBIBATB-
see

yjiyHipiTbCH see yjiy hiiiatbch

CH
yjIBIBA|TBCH, -locb, -einbCH, -iotch yMEPETB see yMHPATB
imp. ko m y? TieMy?/p. (momen- yME|TB, -io, -enib, -iot imp. usu. -\-

ta-neons action) yjibi6H|yxbCH, -ycb, imp. cyMe|Tb, -io, -euib, -iot

inf. I p.
-euibCH, -yTCH to smile be able, can
p. inf. to
yjiH6HyTbca flpyry. To smile to a H yMeio HHTaTb. I can read. Oh
friend. yMeeT iirpaxb b TeHinic. He can
yjII>IB|KA /., gen. pi. -ok smile play tennis. Ona cyMCJia aoShtbch
Pa#0CTHaa yjiw6i<a. A joyous smile. yBa?KeiniH. She succeeded in winning
FoBOpiiTb c yjiLi6K0H.To say with respect.
a CMOTpexb na pe6eiiKa c
smile. yMHPA|TB^ -io, -emb, -k>t imp./
jiacKOBOH yjiH6K0H. To look at a p. yMepexb, yMp|y, -enib, -yx, past
child with a kind smile. yMep, yMepJia, yMepji|o, -n
yjIHBHyTbCH see yjIBIEATBCH 1. to die. yMepeTb b 6oi6. To die
yM m. in battle. yMepeTb ot rojiojja.
1. no pi. intellect, mind, intel- To
die of hunger.
ligence, r Jiy 66 khh yM. A pro- to die. 3th ii%em ne yMpyT.
2. fig.
found intellect. HejioBei; 6onh- These ideas are immortal.
moro yMa. A man of great in- OyMiipaTb co cMexy. To die of
telligence. laughing. yMtipaTb c rojiofly (fig.)-
2. intellect. Jlyqimie yMH nejioBe- To be starving.
necTBa. The greatest intellects of yMH|BlK, -an, -oe, -bie, short form
mankind ynen, yMHa, yMBjo, -h; adv. y MH 6
<£> OinTaTb b yMe. To count men- clever
tally. Mne npiinijio na y»i. ^ yMH bill HCJiOBeK. A clever person.
occurred to me. flejiaTb *it6-jih- Oh ynen. He is clever. Oh Beji ce-
6o C vmom. To do something clev- 6h yMno. He behaved cleverly.
erly. Bo3bMHCb 3a yM. Be reason- yMBIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-
able. Cowth c yMa. To go mad. ro? hto? ne M?/p. yMHTb, yu6\w f

BbiTb 6e3 yMa ot Kor6-JiH6o. -emb, -iot to wash

To dole on somebody. BbiTb ee6e yMblBaTb JIHHO XOJIOTIHOH BOflOH.
y/vtbi 155 ycji

To wash one's face with cold water. K0Ji6e. The level of the liquid in
"VMLiBaTS pe6eHKa. To wash a child. a flask.
yMWBAJTbCH, -iocb, -enibca, -iotch 2. fig. standard, level. YpoBenB
imp. icm?/p, yMHTbCH, yMO|iocb, ?KH3HH napOfla. The living stan-
-euibCH, -iotch to wash dard of the people. KyjTBTypiibiii
yMHBaTbefl Tenjioii bo;j;6h. To wash ypOBeHB. The level of culture.
with warm water. YMLiBaTtcfl c mh- yPOJKAH to. harvest
jiom. To wash with soap. BoraTBin ypOH<aii. A rich harvest.
yML'ITbCH see yMblBATbCH Co6paTB ypojKaii. To gather in the
yHHBEPMAr m. department store harvest.
U(eHTpaJiLHHii yHHBepMar. The cen- ypoK to.
tral department store. KynifTB na jib- 1. lesson. HHTepecHLiii ypoK. An
to b yi-niBepMare. To buy an over- interesting lesson. Bbitb na ypo-
coat at a department store. Ke. To be at a lesson. 0n03-
yHHBEPCHTET to. RQiTh na ypOK. To be late for a
1. university. Mockobckhh rocy- lesson. YpOK pycCKOro H3MKa.
^apcTBeHHHH yiniBepcnreT. Mos- A Russian lesson.
cow State University. YmiTbcn 2. lesson, homework.
BLiymiTB
b ynHBepcnTexe. To study at a ypoK. To learn one's lesson. Cfte-
university. jiaTB ypoKH. To do one's home-
2. university. YmiBepciiTeT kvjil- work .

Typw. A university of culture. 3. fig. lesson. IlycTB 9to 6y^eT

yH II H TO >K A Tb , -io, -cum, -iot imp.
| BaM ypOKO&i. Let that be a lesson
koto? ii t o? h e m? / p yHH iiTo- . to you.
>k|htb, -y, -Hint, -ar to destroy yCfIJlHBA|Tb, -io, -eiHB, -iot imp.
y H H HTO/KI ITB Bpa>KCCKyio apMnio. HTO?/p. yCHJl|HTB, -10, -HHib, -HT
To wipe out the enemy army. to strengthen
yHIITTOXaiTb see y HIPITO/KATb YcHJiHTb ^ncnnn Jinny To strength- .

yilACTb see HA^ATb en discipline. ycnJinrb na6jnofle-

ynOTPEBIITb see Y1T0TPEE JItfTb Hue. To intensify observation.
ynOTPEBJI5l|Tb ?
-io, -emb, -iot imp. yCHJIIIBAITbCH, Jst & 2nd pers. not
mo?/ p.ynoTpeJoHTB, -6jii6, -6nniB, used, 3rd pers. -erca, -iotch imp./
-6ht to use p. ycnJi|HTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
ynoTpefjJiHTB nocjiOBiinw b peqn. used, 3rd pers. -htch, -htch to in-
To use proverbs when speaking. crease
ynoTpe6JinxB hobbic cjiOBa. To use IIIyM ycajiHJiCH. The noise was grow-
new words. ing louder.
yilPABJlHlTb, -io, -eniB, -iot imp. yCHJIHTb see ycflJIHBATb
k e m? xi e m? yCfiJIXITbCH seeyCflJIHBATbCH
1. to drive. YnpaBjinTB Mamnnou:. yCJIOBHE neut.
To drive a motor-car. 1. data, condition. IIohhte» ycjio-
2. to govern. YnpaBJinTb cxpaHOH. Biie 3an,aHH. To understand the
To govern a country. data of a problem. 3to rjiaBiioe
y II PA/KIIEIIH E neut. exercise ycnoBne ycnexa. This is the
JlerKoe ynpaJKnenne. An easy exer- chief condition for success.
cise. Tpy/tnoe ynpajKHem-io. dif- A 2. only pi. conditions. IIpHpOHHtie
ficult exercise. CAejiaTb ynpa?Kue- yCJiOBHH. Natural surroundings.
nne. To do an exercise. Ycjiobiih JKIT3HH. Living condi-
ynP#M|bIII, -an, -oe, -tie, short tions. Pa6oTaTb b THH<ejibix yc-
form ynpnM, -a, -o, -ti; adv. ynpa- jiobiihx. To work under difficult
mo stubborn conditions. Co3naTb nopMajibHbie
YnpaMBiH neJiOBen. A stubborn per- ycJiOBHH #jih pa6oTbi. To provide
son. Oh onent ynpHM. He is very normal conditions for work.
stubborn. B TRKHX (STHX) yCJIOBHflX...
ypOBjEHb 77i., gen. -mi Under such (these) conditions.
1. level. YpoBenb jkh^kocth b yCJIblHIATb see CJI&IHATb
yen 156 yxo

yCIIEBAjTL, -io, -enxb, -iot imp. YcTaJioe jran.6. A haggard face. Oh

inf./ p. ycne|Tb, -10, -erat, -iot
-f-
Bbirjmfteji ycTaJio. He looked tired.
usu.-\-p. inf. yCTATb see YCTABATb
1. to have enough time (to do yCTHIblll , -an, -oe, -bie; adv. y ctho
something). Oh ycneJi nponnTaTb oral
KHHry b cpOK. He managed to Ycthlih 3K3aMen. An oral examina-
finish the book in time. Oh ycneji tion. YcTHoe 3afiBjieHne. An oral
npHHTH k y>KHHy. He was in statement. OTBenaTb ycrao. To
time for supper. answer orally.
2. : He ycneJin mm
BiiexaTb H3 yCTP AHBA| Tb , -io, -emb, -iot imp.
ropo^a, KaK
noraen jiom^h. HTO?/p. yCTp6|HTb, -K>, -HHIb, -HT
Hardly had we left the town when 1. to arrange. YcTpoHTb KonnepT.
it began raining. To arrange a concert. YcrpOHTb
3. only imp.: 3tot CTyneHT He Bene p. To arrange an evening-
ycneBaeT no $H3HKe. This stu- party.
dent is backward in physics. 2. koto? colloq. to suit.MenaaTO
yCHETL see yCHEBATb He ycTpaiiBaeT. That doesn't
ycn^X m. success suit me.
JS o6mhOfL
l
yenexa b pa6oTe. To yCTPOIITb see YCTPAHBATb
achieve success in one's work. CneK- yCI>I, sing, yc used rarely mous-
TaKJit nneji Sojibihoh yenex. The tache^)
performance was a great success. fljiHHHtie ycti. A
long moustache.
}KeJiaio BaM ycnexoBi / wish you HoCHTb ycti. To wear a moustache.
success! yTOHYTb see TOH^Tb
yenOKAHBAJTb, -io, -emh, -iot imp. yTPEHH|HS, -hh, -ee, -ire morning
koto? / p. ycnoKojHTb, -io, -Hint, YTpeHHee cojinne. The morning sun.
-ht to calm, to reassure yTpeHHHH nporyjiKa. A morning
YcnoKOHTb 6oJibHoro. To reassure stroll.
the patient, YcnoKOHTb HepBti. To "S^TPO neut., dat. pi. no yTpaM morn-
calm one's nerves. ing
ycnOKAHBA|TLCH, -rocb, -embCH, CBe>Kee yrpo. A cool morning. G ca-
-iotch imp.jp. ycnoKo|HTLCH, -iocb, MOro yTpa. From early in the morn-
-nmbCH, -htch ing. HnTaTb KHHry /io yTpa. To
1. to quieten, to become calm. Pe- read the book till morning. B 7 na-
6eH0K ycnoKOHJiCH. The child has cob yTpa. At 7 o'clock in the morn-
quietened. Mope ycnOKOHJiocb. ing.
The sea became calm. ^TPOlVt adv. in the morning
2. to soothe, to abate. Bojib yeno- BcTaBaTb pano yTpoM. To get up
KOHJiacb. The pain has abated. early in the morning. 3aBTpa yT-
3. to rest. He ycnoKaHBaTbcn na pOM mbi Bee pemnM.We'll settle
MOCththvtom. Not to rest on everything tomorrow morning.
one's achievements yTfOr m., gen. -a iron
ycnOKOHTb see yCIIOKAHBATb TopH'THH ynor. A hot iron. Fjia-
yCnOKOHTbCH see yCHOKAH- AHTb yTioroM, To iron (to press).
BATbCtf YXO neut., pi. ymn, ynieK ear
yCTA|BATb, -io, -enib, -iot imp. -f BojibHbie yran. Bad ears.
inf. /p. ycTa|Tb, -ny, -nenib, -hvt <> CKa3aTb na yxo. To whisper
to get tired info somebody' s ear. He Bepnxb
Bqepa h oqenb ycTaJi. / got very cbohm yraaM. Not to believe one's
tired yesterday. ycTaTb ot cnopa. ears. Ho ymn
BfliooHTbCH b kofo-
To get tired of arguing. YcTaTb jih6o. To be head over heels in love
TanneBaTb. To get tired of dancing. with somebody.
yCTAJI|blH, -an, -oe, -bie; adv. ycTa- yXOftflTb, yxo>Ky, yxoAHiiib, yxo-
jio tired AHT imp.jp. yHTH, yn#Jy, -emb,
ycTajiEin qeJiOBeK. tired person. A -yT, past yineji, ynui|a, -6,
t
-h to go
ycTaJran B3r-JiHfl- tired look. A away, to leave
yxy 157 OAK

Oh Kynaji Kmliry n ymeji u3 Mara- yHEHlBIft, -an, -oe, -He

3traa. He bought the book and left 1. scientific, academic, y^enaa
the shop. Bee ymjiu na SKCKypcnio. CTenenb. An academic degree.
Everybody has gone on an excursion. 2. used as n. scientist. H3BecTHHH
<> Oh ymen c rojiOBon b pa6oTy. y^enHH. A
well-known scientist.
He is up to his eyes in work. yHfiTEJI|b m., pi. -A teacher
yXYHIHAlTb, -io, -eoib, -k>t imp. y^HTent $H3HKH. A
physics teach-
qTO? / yxyAmnTB, yxyjnuly,
p. er, Pa6dTaTL ywrejieM b niKOJie.
-limb, -aT to make worse To work as a schoolmaster. CTaTb
YxyRmnih cBoe nonojKenHe. To ynnTejieM. To become a teacher.
make one's situation worse. y^LSTB, yny, yqiimb, yqaT imp.
yxyftfllAITbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not 1. p. BLiy ii|HTb, -y, -nmb, -aT hto?
used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp./ to learn. y*ffiTb ypon. To learn
p. yxyjjmlHTLCH, is£ & one's lesson. Bwy^ETt cthxotbo-
not used, 3rd pers. -htch, -aTCH to penne. To learn a poem.
deteriorate, to become worse 2. p. Hay^inTL, nayqy, nay numb,
nojio>KeHHe b CTpane jxypumjioch. nay-qaT h e m y? & -f- inf. to
The situation in the country has teacb. y^HTb qnTaTb ii nncaTb.
deteriorated. 3nopoBi>e (SoJibnoro To teach to read and to write.
yxyAmiiJiocB. The patient's health y^iiTb pyccKOMy H3HKy. To
has become worse. teach Russian.
yxyAiuiiTb see yxyfltnATB y^OlTbCH, yqycb, yqnmbca, ynaTCs
yX^AinHTtCH seeyxyflOlATBCH imp. new y? & + inf.jp. nayqurb-
y^ACTB|OBATb, -yro, -yeiub, -yzoT ch, nay^y cb, Hay i ninibCH, naynaTCH
imp. b qeM? to take part 1. to learn, to study. ywn>-
y^acTBOBaTb b copeBHOBaniiflX. To ch njiaBaTb. To learn to swim,
take part in competitions. yuHTbCH pyccKOMy H3bIKy. To
study Russian.
y^ACTHE neut. %
no pi. b km? 2. no p. to study. Mon 6paT
participation
ITpHHUTb yqacTne b KonnepTe. To y hutch b yHHBepcHTeTe. My
brother studies at the university,
take part in a concert.
<> BeK jkhbh — Ben yqacb (prov-
y^ACTHHK m. participant erb). Cf. Live and learn.
y^ACT|OK m., gen. -Ka yiDTH|BIfi, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. yfOT-
1. section. Jlecnon yqacTOK. sec- A ho cosy, comfortable
tion of a forest. yioraafl KOMHaTa. A cosy room.
2. sector. Ba>KHBiH yqacTOK pa66- 3.n;ecb' o^enb vk>tho. It is very com-
th. An important sector of work. fortable here.
3. district. H35npaTejiLHHH yqa-
ctok. An electoral district.
yqfiBHHK m. text-book
<I>, *
yneSnHK pyccKoro H3HKa. A Rus-
sian text-book. yqeo'HHK ajih tcx- OABPHKA /. factory
HHHeCKHX HHCTHTyTOB. A text-book TeKCTHJibHaa (J>a6pnKa. A textile
for technical institutes. factory. Pa6oTaTb na <Ja6pnKe. To
yHEBH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -Lie school, work at a factory.
academic OAKT m. fact
yHe6HBin ro%. A school (academic) flencTBBTejTbHLiH <J>aKT. A real fact.
year. y*ie6Hoe noc66ne. An aid to <DaKTH TOBOpHT TOM, *TTO OH 6uil
study, a teaching aid. npaB. The facts show that he was
y^EHfiK m., gen. -a right.
1.pupil. yneniiK cpe^neH ihkojih. OAKyjIBTET m. faculty, department
A
secondary-school pupil. ®hjioco$ckhh ^aKyJibxeT. The phi-
2. pupil, disciple. y^ennK 3HaMe- losophy department yqiiTbca na .

HHToro npo(|eccopa. The famous xnMuqecKOM (JanyJibTeTe. To study

professor's pupil. at the chemistry department . IIocTy-
4>AM 158 XAP

nwTb iia $n3inrecKHH (JaKyjibTer. 2. gusher. HecjrrHHOH {JoHTaa. An

To e^fer i/ie physics department, oil-gusher.
OAMflJIHH /. (sur)name <X>OPMA /
.OaMHJiHH CTy^eHTa. T/ze student's 1. shape. Gtoji KpyrjTOH $6pMH.
. name. Kai-e Baina (jiaMsiJiHH? PF/iafs round table. ITpe^MeT HMeeT
i/owr name? Mo a (JaMHJina MBanoB. $6pMy mapa. The object has the
Tlfi/ name is Ioanov. shape of a ball.
<PEBPAJI|i> m., gen. -h February 2. form. Co,a;ep>KaHHe n <|6pMa.
B $eBpajie MaCTO 6biBaiOT MeTemi. The content and the form.
7/z February there are often snow- 3. uniform. Boennaa (J)6pMa. Mili-
storms. 3aBTpa nfiToe $eBpaJia. To- tary uniform.
morrow is the fifth of February. <> Ebitb b <f>6pMe. To be in good
Oh yc3?KaeT BOCbMoro c^eBpann. He form. Bbitb ne u <j>6pivie. Not
leaves on. the eighth of February. to be in good form.
our y pa/. OGPTO^IIKA /., gen. pi. -ei< fortochka
1.. figure. CTpofnian $nrypa. A (a small hinged window pane used
slender form. Y
nee xopomaa for ventilation)
(Jnrypa. She has a good figure. Otkpbitb (JopTOTOy. To open the
2. figure. FeoMeTpmiccKaH (jnirypa. fortochka. CnaTb npn otkpbitoh
A
geometrical figure. (JopTOTCC. To sleep with the for-
d)H3HKA /. phvsics tochka open.
npo6jiCMBi <Jh'i3hkh. The problems
of physics. 3aniiMaTLca $h3hkoh.
(DOTOAIinAPAT m. camera
To study physics. JleKnnii no GniiMaTb 4>OToannapaTOM. To pho-
tograph.
3iiKe. Lectures on physics, flflepaaa
(|)H3HKa . Nuclear physics. a>OTOrPAa>f!P|OBATB, -yio, -yeinL,
OH30HECKI II II -as, -oe, -lie
,
-yiox imp. koto? n t o? / p. c$o-
1 . physical. CDii3u*iecKaa ciijia. Phys- Torpa$iip|OBaTb, -yio, -yeuib, -yiOT
ical strength. 3aHHMaTBca $h- to photograph.
3H liecKHM TpyflOM. To do physi- QdTorpa$ripoBaTb peSenna. To pho-
cal work. tograph a child.
2. physics. cpnannecKiin $ai{yjib- OPOHT m., pl.
f
-hi front
t6t. The physics department. Hath na <J>poHT. To go to the front.
<DH3KyJIbTyPA /. (= $ii3iiqec- CpajKaTbca na $ponTe. To be fight-
naa Kymvrypa) physical culture ing at the front.
3aHi'TMaTBcn $H3KyJibTypoH. To go OPYKTM only pi. fruit
in for physical culture. 3aiJHTHH CBe>Kiie $pyi<TH. Fresh fruit. Ylo-
no tfjiioKyjiBType. Physical culture KynaTb $pyKTH b MaraanHe. To buy
lessons. fruit at a shop.
OHJILM m. film OYTBOJI m. football
Hay^HO-nonyjinpHBiu (Jujilm. A HrpaTB b $yT6oji. To play football.
popular science film. floKyMeHTaJiB- CopeBHOBaHHH no <JryT66jiy. Foot-
hbiii (Jhijibm. A documentary film*. ball competitions
Xy^6>KecTBeiiHHii (Jjiijibm. A feat urn;:
film.
X, x
OJIAr m. flag
^ >f
rocy^apcTBein-iHii $Jiar. The nation-
al flag. XAJIAT m. overalls
(MOT m. fleet Pa6oHHH xanaT. Overalls. KynaJib-
Boeimo-MopcKOii $jiot. The navy. hhh xa.BaT. A bath-robe. floMatu-
ToproBBiH <J>jiot. The merchant ma- hiih xanaT. A dressing-gown.
rine. Bo3AyniHbiH (fmoT. The air fleet. XAPAKTEP m.
OOHTAH m. 1. character. Chjibebim xapaKTep,
i. fountain. Ha nnomaAH 6hji (Jon- A strong character. TBep,m>ni xa-
Tan. There was a fountain in the paKTep. A
strong character. Bo-
square. jieBOH xapaKTep. A
strong-willed
XBA 159 X0J1

person. HepTH xapanxepa. Traits 2. pi. xjieDH, gen. pi. xjig6ob loaf.
of character. KpyrJiHM xne6. A round loaf.
2. nature. XapaKTep mccthocth. 3. pi. xJie6a, gen. pi. xjic66b corn.
The nature of the country. Yoopna XJieSoB. The corn har-
XBAJIfiTB, XBajiio, XBaJimnt, xbeljiht vest.
imp. koto? hto? 3 a hto?/ XJIOII|OK m., gen. -Ka cotton
p. noxBajinxb, noxBaJiio, noxea- XO^fllTB, xo>Ky, xo^umb, xo^ht imp.
Jinnib, noxBajiHT to praise (cf. CXOAflTb 2 )
XiiajmTfc yneiniKa 3a xoponnin ot- 1. to walk. Oh rojiyo xofliiJi no
b6t. To praise a pupil for his good KOMiiaTe. He walked about the
answer, Xbojiiitb iiobwh CTauoK. room for a long time.
To praise a new machine-tool. 2. to go. flem xo#ax b njKOJiy.
XBATAlTb 1 -io, -enm, -iot imp. ko- Children go to school. Omi ^acxo
,

to? V.TO?/p. CXBaTHTB, cxnany, xojinx b toctii. They often go

cxBaTnmb, cxBamT to seize visiting. Ka>Kflyio cy666xy cxy-
On cxBaxibi mchh 3a pyny. He jighth xojinx na Benepa. Every
seized my hand. Saturday the students go to eve-
ning-parties.
XBATA|TB 2 ,
-eT, past -jio impers.,
3. to wear. Oh Bcerjia xojxa? b nep-
imp. f p. XBaTBTL, xsaTiiT, past
hom koctiomc. He always wears
XBaTHJio to have enough
a black suit.
Mm XBaTiiT BpeMCini cj^ejiaTB ypuKH.
<> Xoftiixn neniKOM. To go on fool
They'll have enough time to do their
lessons. Euy ne xnaTacT BpeMenn X03#IIH m. f pi. xo3neBa, xosneB
1. host. Xo3Hiin AOMa. The master
xopomo ymnh ypOKii. He has no
of the house. X03HHH npurJiacuJi
time to learn his lessons well.
rocxeii k CTOJiy. The host asked
<> 3Toro em;e ne xnaTajio! As if
the guests to take their places at
we didn't have enough trouble with-
table.
out that!
2. owner, master. Xosaim ycajnt-
XBATIITL see XBATATB 2 6li, $a6piiKH. The owner of an
XBOCT m., gen. -a tail estate, factory. \\ fig. Xo3aiiH
XHM xl E CK | 111! , -an, -oe, -ne CBoero BpeMenn. The master of
1. chemical. Xitmumgckhh aJienenT. one's time. Xo3Hiin CBOefi cy^L-
A chemical element. 6 Li. The master of one's own
2. chemistry, chemical. XiiMihie- destiny.
ckhh $aKyjibTeT. The chemistry X03miCTB0 neut.
department. XuMrmecKaa JiaGo- 1. no pi. economy. ConnaJincxnHec-
paTOpna. A
chemical laboratory. Koe X03HHCTB0. Socialist econo-
XfiMHfl chemistry
/. my. HapojiHoe X03fincxB0. Na-
HeopranihiecKaa xhmiih. Inorganic tional economy. CeJibcnoe X03an-
chemistry. OpranmiecKaa xhmhs. ctbo. Agriculture.
Organic chemistry. Hay^aTt xiimhio. 2. farm. KojmeKXflBHoe x03flii-
To study chemistry. ctbo A collective farm. ITepe/ip-
XflTP|Mfl, -an, -oe, -Lie BOe X03niiCTB0. progressiveA
1. cunning, crafty. XifxpLin nejio- farm, OxexaJioe xo3Hucxbo. A
BeK. A cunning person. XiiTpbte backward farm.
rjiaaa. Crafty eyes. XuTpaa X0JI03MM1IIK m. refrigerator
yjibi6Ka. A cunning smile. flocTanb Macjio U3 xoJio/jiijibiniKa!
2. fig. tricky. XnTpLin sonpoc A Get the butter out of the refrigera-
tricky question. tor/
XJIEB m. XOJlCjmi&Ifl. -an, -oe % -Lie, short
1. no pi. bread. Bejxtiu xjie6. White form xojroften, xo jio Ana, xojioauIo,
bread. HepuHii XJieo. Brown -li; adv. xojiojjho
bread. Cb&khh xJie6. Fresh 1. cold. Xojio/ihlih Bexep. A
cold
bread. Marram XJie6. Soft bread. wind. XoJi6#HHH nan. Cold tea.
HepcTBHH xjie6. Stale bread. 2. fig. cold. Xojioahhh OTBex. A
XOP 160

cold answer. XoJiOAHbie OTHOme- xojio^HJibHHKe. To keep butter in

hm. Cold relations. Xojioahhh a refrigerator.
B3rJiH#- A cold look. Oh otbg- 2. to keep. Xpamixb nncbwa Apy-
thji xojioaho. He
answered coldly. ra. To keep one's friend's let-
\predic. impers. Ha yjinn,e 6hjio ters. XpaniTTb b naMHTH 66pa3
xojioaho. It was cold outside. Maxepn. To keep the image of
<> IloJiHTniia xojioaho ii bohhw. one's mother in one's memory.
Cold war policy. XyflOKECTBEHHIMii, -an, -oe, -bie
XOPOmiHM, -aa, -ee, -ne, short form artistic
xoporn, -a, -6, -u; adv. xoponio; XyAOJKecTBeimoe npoH3BefleFine. A
comp. jiyqnie good work of art. XyAOJKecxBenHan jih-
(q. v.)
Xopoman noro^a. Fine weather. Xo- xepaxypa. Fiction. XyAO/KCCTBen-
potuoe nacxpoeHiie. good mood. A Hbiii (JmJibM. A feature film.
XopoiuHM rojioc A
good voice. Xopo- XyAOHvecTBeunaa caMOAefrrejib-
<>
iiihh otbgt. A
good answer. Xoponio KOCTb. Amateur theatricals.
nrpaTb b maxMaTbi. To play chess XygOKHIIK m.
well, 3xo ohqel xoponio. It is very 1. artist, painter. TaJianxjiuBbin
good.\predic. impers. Xoponio 6bi.no xyAO/KHHK. A gifted artist.
3a ropo,n;oM! It was good in the 2. master. XyAonmiiK cJioBa. A
country! Xoporao 6bi noexaxb sa master of elocution.
ropofl,! It would be good to go to XyfflOH, -an, -oe, -Lie thin
the country! ^XyAoii peSeHOK. A thin child.
Beero xoponiero! All the best! X^>KE comp. of adj. n.ioxofi & adv.
njioxo
XOTETb, xo r iy, xo^emb, xonex, xothm,
1. worse, not so good. HoroAa
xoxnxe, xotht imp. qero? or-j-
ceroAHH xyme, nett B^epa. To-
inf.jp. 3axoxexb, saxony, 3a xo-
day the weather is not so good
HeOIb, 3aXOMeT, 3a XOTHM, 33X0X11X0,
as it was yesterday.
33XOTHT to want
2. worse. On nyBcxByeT ce6a xy-
Oh xoxeji BHAexb ee. He wanted to ?Ke hqm B^iepa. He feels worse
see her. PeSeBOK xoxeji K0n<|>ex.
f

than he did yesterday.

The child wanted some sweets. H.
xoqy, ht66u th npnmeji ceroAHH
BenepoM. / want you to come to-
night .
I*, u
XOTETLCH impers. xonexcn imp. U;AP|I> m. t
gen. -n
k o m y? nero? or -f inf. /p. 1. tsar. PyccKHH napb. The Rus-
3axoT6TBCH } saxo^eTCH to want sian Tsar.
Mne xo^eTCfl dohtii b xeaxp. / want 2. king. I^apb 3Bepen. The king of
to go to the theatre. Mne xo^exca animals. LJapb nxnn,. The king of
hhtb. / am Euy
thirsty. xoxeJiocb birds.
CKOpee hohth k nen. He wanted to <> Hpn n;ape Fopoxe. In olden
go to her as soon as possible. tunes. Be3 n,apa b roJiose. None
XOTH (XOTfc) conj. though too clever.
ITyTGniecTBeHHHKH ABirayjincb b I^BEICTfl, -xy, -Tetnt, -xyx, past iiBeji,
nyxb, xoth 6lijio tcmho. The trav- UBejija, -6, -ii imp. to blossom
ellers started on their journey though I^Bexex CHpenb. The lilacs are in
it was dark. blossom. BninnH nxiexex. The cherry-
XPABPjLlS, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. xpa6- trees are in blossom.
po brave U;BET m., pi -k colour
Xpa6puH coJiflaT. A
brave soldier. Kanoro nBeTa Banie naJibTO? What
Xpa6pbifi nocxynoK. A
brave ac- colour is your coat? IlaJTbXO ceporo
tion. Xpa6po cpamaxbCH. To fight nsexa. A grey coat. EEJiaTbH apKnx
bravely. nBexoB. Gay-coloured dresses.
XPAHjfiTB, -k>, -iimn, -ht imp. hto? HBETHjOS, -da, -oe, -Lie coloured
1. to keep. XpanHTb Maejio b LjBexHbie KapanAannr. Coloured
UBE 161

pencils. U[bcth6h $hjibm. ^4 colour To cut the prices of

film. clothes. rioBBimGHHC iigh na 10%
O UseTHbie MeTaJiJiw. Non-ferrous (nponeiiTOB). A 10 per cent
metals. price rise. Ciin>KGHne nen na
U[BET|OK m., -na; p/. ubgtbi, 20% (nponeiiTOB). A
20 per cent
Ubgtob flower price cut.
^ynmCTtie i^bgth . Sweet- smelling 2. fig. value.
flowers. BnpamnBaTL iibctm. To <> JIk>6"6h n,en6ii. At any price.
grow flowers. Ona npuniJia c ubgt- U.EHTP rn.
kom b BOJiocax. She came- with a 1. centre. Henxp ropo^a. The centre
flower in her hair. of the city (town). B ricnTpe
IJEJIIIHA /. virgin soil ropo/ia. In the centre of the town.
IlOflHHMaTb ue Jinny. To plough 2. centre. PanonnBiii nenTp. The
virgin lands. OcBaHBaib iicjinuy. centre of a region. npOMtramen-
To bring virgin lands under the HBie UGHTpBi cxpaHLi. The in-
plough. dustrial centres of the country.
E[EJI|OBATI>, -yio, -yenib, -yiOT imp. U,eHTp nayKH. A scientific centre.
koto? hto?/p. noiienloBaTb, -yio, <> IJeirrp TH/KGCTii. The centre of
-yearn, -yiOT to kiss gravity.
LlejioBaTB pe6eHKa. To kiss a child. IJ[EHTPAJIbH|blIi, -an, -oe, -big cen-
nonejiOBaTB MaTB. To kiss the moth- tral
er. L(enT pa Jibuti h Tejrerpa$. The cen-
IJEJIIOBATLCH, -yeuiBCH,
-viocb, tral telegraph office. e n t p a Ji b h bi
-yiOTcn imp. c KCM?/p. noncji|o- rasGTH Central newspapers. E(eHT-
.

BaTBCfl, -yioct, -ycnibca, -yioxca to paJiBHBic yjiniiBi. Central streets.

kiss one another HEIIb /., prepos. o iiGmi & na uenri
KpenKO nonejiOBaTtCH c apyroM. 1.chain. Co6aKa na iicnu. The
To kiss one's friend affectionately. dog is on a chain.
I^EJIIBIA, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form 2. fig. chain. I^enn rop. Chains of
iieji, nejia, neji|o, -u mountains.
1. unbroken. CTaKaii yn&Ji, ho oo I^EPKOBL /., gen. iigpkbh; pi. ncpK-
TaJiCH neJiMM. The glass fell, bh, ncpKBcii, nepEBaM, etc. church
but it did not break. CTapHHHafl uepKOBB. An old church.
2. only complete form whole. On U,EX m., prepos. b iiexy & o (b)
BLinrui nejTwn KyBninn bo^bi. He nexe; pi. riexa (work)shop
drank the' whole jug of water. Ha^iaJiBHiiK iicxa. A
shop foreman.
<>» U[eji h neBpep,HM. Safe and PaGoTaTB b iiexy (nexe). To work
sound. at a shop.
u;EJib /. HHPK m. circus
1. target. OpejinTB b iicjtb. To riOHTH b nnpK. To go to the cir-
shoot at a target. cus. B iinpKe 6bijio MHoro napoay.
2. objective. HocTaBHTB cc6e riejiBio. There were many people at the cir-
To oneself as an objective.
set cus.
^octiimb CBoeii ueJiH. To achieve HffOPA /. figure
one's objective. floGiiTBca iteJin. Pe6enoK yniuica rincaTB u,ri$pu.
To succeed in one's aim. L^gjib The child was learning to write fig-
H\H3iin. One's object in life. ures.
O C uejibio, b ij&j With the
object of..,
U.EHA /., act. irony; pi. iienBi
1. price. BucoKafl nena. high A HAfi m.
price. Hii3Kne n,eiibi. Low prices. 1. tea. rpy3HHCKHH nan. Georgian
LJena KOCTiOMa. The price of tea. IIhtb nan. To drink tea.
a suit. lioBMniaTB iienbi na HaniKa ^an. A cup of tea. Kpeu-
npoayKTU. To raise prices of khii *iaii. Strong tea. HO'ijikhh
food-stuffs. Chhjk&tb neiim na ^aii. Weak tea.
 162

2. tea. BeceAOBaTb 3a nacM. To HAUJE comp. of adv. qacTO oftener

talk over tea. PaHbiue th xoffHJi ko mh6 game.
<> npiirJiaciiTb na *iauiKy nan. To You used to come and see me oftener.
ask to tea. H qame Te6a xo?Ky b khho. / go
HAflHHK m. teapot; teakettle to the cinema oftener than you do.
MAC m., gen. *iaca & naca (with car- HBH, iilh, ^Be, tibh pron.
whose
dinal num.), prepos. o ^ace, b qace Hen £to cnoBapB? Whose dictionary
& b... nacy; pi. -bi hour is it? Hbn &to TCTpa^B? Whose
KoTopLiii qac? What time is it? copy-book is this? Hbe £to nepo?
B ^ac tjhh. At one o' clock in the Whose pen is this? Mbit £to KHiim?
afternoon. B HCTBepTOM nacy. Be- Whose books are these?
tween 3 and 4 o'clock, Mepes ABa HEtl-TO, nhx-TO, Hbe-TO, ibh-to i
pron.
naca. In two hours. Ono3AaTb na somebody's
-qac. To an hour late. Tpn naca
be H no oinn6Ke B3Hji ^icii-to nop-r-
npoJieTejiH He3aMeTHO. Three hours / took somebody' s brief-case
$ejit.
flew by without anyone noticing it. by mistake.
Hacw hhk. The rush hours. HEJIOBfiK m., pi. jiioflH, Jiio^en, jiio-
B floSpfciii iac! Good luck! flHM, jiioabmh, o jiiojihx man, person
HACTHIHH, -an, -oe, -Lie Cbo66,hhlhi HeJiOBeK. A free person.
1. particular. MacTHbiii cjiyqaii. Xopomnn nejiOEeK. A good person.
Aparticular case. MaCTHHH bo- Hac 6bijio hhtb qeJiOBeK. There
npoc. A
particular question. were five of us.
2. private. Hacniaa c66cTBeHHOCTb. <> Mojio^oii MeJioeeK. A young man.
Private property. HEJIOB£MECK|Hll, -an, -oe, -ne
llACTO adv., comp. 1. human. HejioBe^ecKoe 66njecTBO.
name (q.v.) often
Human society.
Macro BcTpe^aTL ^lejiOBena.To meet
2. humane, kind. HejiOBe^ecKoe
a person often. HaCTO xorhtb b
Humane attitude.
OTHOineiine.
TeaTp. To go to the theatre often.
Macro 6oJieT&. To be often ill.
MEJIOBEHECTBO neut. mankind
HEM conj. than
MACTIL /., gen. pi. -efi BpaT CTapme, qeM cecTpa. The
1. part. HacTB MamnHH. A part of brother is older than the sister. On
a machine. BoJiBmaa nacrb npnmeji no3,n;Hee, ^eM snepa. He
AOMa 6ujia sanara ctojioboh. came later than yesterday.
Most of the house was occupied <> HeM paubine, Teai jiyqnie. The
by a dining-hall. Hacxb Jiio^eii earlier, the better.
ymjia c co6panna. Some people MEMO^AH m. suit-case, trunk
the meeting.
left HEMIIHOH m. champion
2. part. IlepBaa *iaCTi> pOMaaa. The MeainHOH no niaxMaTaM. A chess
first part of the novel. champion. MeMnnon no nJiaBannio.
3. part. MacTH CBeTa. Parts of the A swimming champion.
world. MEPE3 prep. +
acc.
HACbl pi., no sing, timepiece 1. across. ITepeiiTH *iepe3 njioin.aAi>-
PynHwe qacH. A
wrist watch. GTeu- To cross a square. IlepenjiLiTb
Htie ^lacLi. A
wall clock. HacLi cne- Hepe3 peny. To swim across a
maTiia 5 Mmiyx. The clock is 5 min- river.
utes fast. LIacM OTCTaioT na 3 mh- 2. over. rtpBirnyTL nepes 3a66p.
hvth. The clock is 3 minutes slow. To jump over a fence.
Mac li njnyT xopomo. The clock keeps 3. through. Bjie3Tb nepe3' okho. To
good time. Macbi oCTanoBriJincb. The climb through the window. Hath
clock has stopped. MaCLi CTOax. The liepe3 Jiec. To go through the
clock doesn't go. wood.
MAIII|KA /., gen. pi. -en cup 4. in. Ohh BepnyjiHCb *iepe3 Mecan;.
Maihiaa nainKa. A
teacup. Koffefr- They returned a month later.
naa nainKa. A
coffee cup. Bmuhtb Mepes Tpir aha oh yexaji. He
nauiKy liaio. To drink a cup of tea. left in three days.
HEP 163 HTO

5. every other.... -npHHHMaTt Jie- b qac-Jie Apy3efi. To be among

KapCTBO liepe3 *iac. To take, med- one's friends.
icine every other hour. Xoahtb 2. date. Kanoe cevo jjjllk hhcjio?
KyAa-JiH6o qepe3 Aenb. To go What is the date today? B nepBwx
.Somewhere every other day. . MHCJiax Mapxa. Early in March.
HEPH0JIA pl. no sing, ink t <> B tom MiieJie...Including...
Hepntie qepHHJia. Black ink. niicaxb HK|CTIITb, -niy» -CTiimb, -ctht imp.
HepHiijiaMH. To write in ink. n to? u e M?
qEPH|BlH, -an, -oe, -tie black 1. p. nOHH|CTHTb, -Illy. -CTHIflb,
Hepntie bojioch. Black hair. -ctht to clean. Hitcthtb 3y6bi
HepHbiu xjie6". Brown bread. meTKOH. clean To
one's teeth
Hep nan iiKpa. Black caviare. Hep- with a toothbrush; Hhcthtb 6o-
iibiiiKO<f>e. Black coffee. TihiKH. To clean one's boots.
HEPT m., pi. liepTH, qepxeii devil 2. p. o tiu|cthti>, -my. -cthihb, -ctat
<>IIocJiaTb k liepTy. To send to hell. to peel. Hhcthtb KapxouiKy.
MepT B03bMii! The deuce take it! To peel potatoes. Ohiictht'Ej aneJib-
HepT c hum! Let him go to hell! crrH. To peel an orange.
heptA /. HlJCTJLIH, -afl, -oe, -ue, short form
1. line. IlpOBecTii nepTy. To draw HHCT, HHCTa, uhct[o, -h; adv. iihcto;
a line. comp. qiiirie
2. boundary. Hepxa
ropoAa. The 1. clean. HncTan boas. Clean wa-
city (town) boundary. ter. HiicTbie pyKH. Clean hands.
3. trait. LIepTbi xapaKTepa. Traits HiiCTafl py6auiKa. clean shirt. A
of character. 2. pure. HncToe 30JIOTO. Pure gold.
<> Hep™ Jiiiu;a. Features. HncTaa uiepcTb. Pure wool.
H£CTH|K[H, -an, -oe, -ue, short form 3. fig. clear. LlHCTaa cosecTb. Clear
i uecxna,
iecxen, *iecTH|o, -ti; adv. conscience. ToBopnTb na hhctom
necTHO honest pyccKOM H3HKe. To speak good
HecTHbia HeJiOBeK. An honest per- Bussian. CjjeJiaTb noAapoK ot
son. HecTHbie rjia3a. Honest eyes. uircxoro cep/ji^a. To give a pre-
IlocTynHTb ^eCTHO. To act hon- sent without any ulterior motives.
estly. HHTAjTfc, -io, -enjb, -iot imp. m t o?/
<> 3aTb qecTHoe cjiobo. To give npOHHTa|Tb, -io, -enib, -iot
one's word of honour. 1. to read. HnTaxb ra3exy. To read
METBEPO num. four a newspaper. HircaTb flyniKHHa.
HeTBepo Apy3eii. Four friends. 11 x To read Pushkin. HiiTaxb BCJiyx.
6hjio qeTBepo. There were four of To read aloud. HnxaTb npo ce-
them. 6h. To read to oneself.
HETBEPT|i> gen. pi. -en 2. to deliver. Hht&tb jieKunio.
quarter.
1. HeTBepTb nGjiona. A To deliver a lecture.
quarter of an apple. HJIEII m. member
2. quarter. HeTBepxb *iaca. quar- A Hjien ceMbii. member A of the fa-
ter of _ an hour. Be3 ^eTBepxu mily. HJien napTHH. A member
of
nHTb. It is a quarter to, five. a party. Hjieuti npaBiixeJibCTBa.
Cennac neTBepTb mecToro. It is Members of the government.
a quarter past five. HTEHHE neut.
HHHflTB, hhhio, qHHHinb, hhhht imp. 1. reading. Kni'ira i\Jin *iTeiiHH. A
i
ito? / p. iiOTOHHTL, noHHHio, no- reader, a reading book.
no iiHHHT to mend
iihranib, 2. reading. ^OMamnee qTenne.
IIoHHUHTb ^iacH. To mend a watch. Home-reading
Hhhhtb hockh. To mend socks. HTO 1 [fflTO] pron. t
gen. hqto [^hbo],
HIICJlO neut., pi. qncjia, qi'iceji, hhc- dat. ueMy, acc. hto, instr. neu,
JiaM, etc. prepos. o l
ieu what
1 number. U[eJToe qncjio. A whole xIxo AexraTb? What is be done?
to
number. Bojmmoe qncjio jno^efi. Hto oh CKa3aJi? What did he say?
A large number of people. Blttb x
ieM oh Ay^aeT? What is he
mO 164 UIAP

thinking about? H CKasaji, hto flyMaJi. ^Iy^ecnaH ftesyniKa. A wonderful

/ said what I thought. girl. Hy^eCHaa noro^a. Wonderful
<> Hto £to 3a Bem,b? What sort weather. H nyflecHO ce6a nyBCXByio.
of thing is that? / feel fine.
HTO 2
[raxo] conj. that Hy3K|0S, -an, -6e, -rie
H AyMaJia, iito axo HHxepecno. / 1. somebody else's. ^Iy^oii nopx-
thought it would be interesting . Somebody else's brief-case.
(J)6jib.
HTCBLI [ihx66h] con/. 2. strange. Hy^oii nejiOBeK. A
1. in order (to) or rendered by the strange man.
inf. Hxoobi xopomo 3Haxb H3MK, 3.foreign. Hymin 3eMJiH. for- A
eaAo MHoro sanHMaTLCH. To eign land.
knoiv a language well one must HyJlCK m. gen. iyjiKa; pi. Hyjiiui,
f

study a lot. Oh BCxaJi o^eiiL pa- nyjiOK, MyJiKaM, etc. stocking

no, *it66li hg ono3,naTB. He got ITpocxbie HyJiKH. Ordinary stock-
up very early in order not to be ings. fflepcxHHbie qyjiKH. Woollen
late. stockings. KanpoHOBBie *iyjiKH. Kap-
2. that. Bee jiiojuh na 3eMJie xoxnx, ron stockings.
hx66h He 6hjio bohhbi. All the HYTh adv. nearly, scarcely
people in the world wish that Oh nyxb ne ono3jiaJX Ha noe3#. He
there should be no war, BaM npo- was nearly late for his train. Oh
chjih nepeAaTb, ^66u bh npn- roBopnJi qyxb cjibiihho. He spoke
mjiii aaBxpa. They asked me to scarcely audibly.
tell you to come tomorrow. ^yTB-^yib adv. nearly, a little bit
HTO-HHE^b pron., gen. ne-
[ihto-] H qyxb-qyxb He ynaJi. / nearly
ro-HH6yAb [^tibo-] dat .HeMy-Hn6yjib,
, fell.PoBopii Hyxb-qyxb rpoMie.
acc. *ixo-HH6yAb, instr. lieM-Hii6y/ib, Speak a little louder.
prepos. o qeM-ira6Jflb something
PaccKamH mhg xix6-iiH6y;tib. Tell me
something. HI, m
*ITO-TO [hito-] pron., gen. nero-xo
[qHBO-], dat. neMy-TO, acc. hxo-xo, IIIAr m., gen. inara & uiara (with
instr. qeM-TO, prepos. o neM-TO cardinal num.); pi. nxani
something 1. step. IIInpoKHH mar. A long
LIx6-xo. ynaJio b coceAHeii KOMnaxe. step.
Something fell in the adjoining 2. fig. step. 3xo hoblih mar Bne-
room. peji. This is a new step forward.
HSHBCTBO [qycTBa] neat, feeling <> Ham rom HaxoAiiTCH b jinyx
HcnHTaTb rjiy6oKoe qyscxBO pa- niarax ot ocTaiiOBKn TpaniBan.
#0CTii. To feel great joy. HyBCXBo Our house is a few steps away
coJiHAapnocTH. A feeling of solidar- from a tram stop. Ha k&jkrom
ity '• mary BCTpe^aJincb Mara3HHi>i.
H^BCTBIOBATb [qycxBasaxb],
;
yio, There were shops at every step.
-yeiHb, -yroT imp. ixo?//?. noHVBex- IIlAniKA /., gen. pi. -ok cap
B|OBaTb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT to feel MexoBan manna A fur cap. Ho- .

LIyBCTBOBaTb 6ojib. To feel a pain. cnxB manKy. To wear a cap. Xo-

rio^VBCTBOBaTb rOJiOA- To feel jinxb 6e3 manKii. To go without a
hungry. HyscxBOBaxb rJiyoOKoe cap.
yBaH^eene. To have profound re- HIAP m., pi. -h
spect. 1. sphere. Henxp mapa. The centre
<> Kan bbi ce6a nyBvrnyeTe? How of a sphere. PaAHyc mapa. The
do you feel? H MyecTByio ceo'a radius of a sphere.
nJioxo (xoporao). / feel bad (all 2. globe. 3eMH0ii map. The terres-
right). trial globe. Bos^ymHHH map.
Hy^ECHlLIIl, -as, -oe, -He, short A balloon.
form ny^eceH, tiy^ecHla, -o, -li; mAP<D to. scarf
adv. qyaecHO wonderful Tenjibiii map$. A warm scarf.
UJAX 165 ujy/vi

IIIAXMATM pi., no sing, chess 2. fig. UlnpoKne bo3mo>khocth.

IirpaTB b raaxMaTH. To play chess. Great possibilities. JUnpoKan na-
HeMniiojEE Miipa no niaxMaTaM. The Typa. A
generous person.
world chess champion. 3. only short form too wide. IIJiaTBe
mAXTA /. mine, pit MHe mnpOKO b nonce. The dress
YroJibHafl maxTa. A coal mine. is too large in the waist for me.
flo6HBa.Tt yroJiB b niaxTe. To mine HIHTB, nib|io, -enib, -iot, imper. men
coal in a pit. imp. hto? y? kom
h e m y? / p.
inEJIK m. t pi. inejiKa silk cuihtb, comb|io, -enib, -iot to sew,
IIjiaTbe ii3 niejiKa. dressA made to make
of silk. HaTypaJiBHHH niejiK. Natu- IUhtb njiaTBe £jm aonepn. To
ral silk. McKyccTBeHHHH meJiK. make a dress for one's daughter.
Artificial silk. GniHTb koctiom B axeJibe. To have
IllEjIKOB|Hfl, -aa -oe, -He silk a costume made at a dressmaker' s.
v
niejiKOBHn nxtaTOK. silk scarf. A IflKAO m. prepos. b niKa$y & o
t

IHeJiKOBaH pySauraa. silk shirt. A mKa$e; pi. mKa$H

IIIEIIOTOM adv. in a whisper Khhtkhhu A
bookcase. Khh-
mKa(J).
roBopHTb nienoxoM. To speak in a ra ctoht b mKa$y Ha hojikc The
whisper. book is on' a shelf in the bookcase.
fflEIITATb, raen^y, men^eniL, nien- IlJiaTHHOH mKa<J). A
wardrobe. He-
*ryT imp. xi npo-
t o? KOMy?//?. cropaeMHn nma(j). A safe.
rneuTaTb, npornenny, npomen<ieinb, HIKOJIA /.
npornenqyT to whisper 1. school. Ytotbch b mKOJie. To
FyoM Her lips
ee uto-to menraJiH. go to school. nocxynnTb b ihko-
were whispering something. Oh npo- Jiy. enter school. Okohwtb
To
luenTaJi hoboctb na yxo coce/iy. niKOJiy. To
finish school.
He whispered the news into his 2. fig. school. Oh npoineji xopo-
neighbour' s ear. myio niKOJTy jkhshh. Life has
UIEPCTB /., no pi. been a good school to him.
1. hair (of an animal). ^Jiiranaji <> Ha^aJibnaa raKOJia. primaryA
mepGTb. Long hair. school. CpeftHJM niKOiia. sec- A
2. wool. Tpy6aH mepcTB. Coarse ondary school. Bwcraaa mKojia.
wool. A higher school. My3BiKaJiBHaa
3. wool. Koctiom H3 hhctoh mop- raKOJia. A
musical school. HIko-
cm. A suit of pure wool. Jia-iiHTepnaT, A
boarding-school.
IHepcTB na njiarte. A length of
mJIiJlIA /. hat
woollen material for a dress.
BeceHHHH nuiana. A spring hat.
IIIEPCTHHIOS, -an, -oe, -He woollen
DlJinna c nrapOKHMH ho-uhmh. A
IHepcTHHHe hockh. Woollen socks.
wide-brimmed hat.
IHepcTHHoe njiaTBe. A woollen niOCCE neut., indecl. highway
dress,
ExaTB no nrapoKOMy mocce. To
WlEH neck
f.
drive along a wide highway. B^ojib
fljiiranaHmen. A long neck. Ton-
mocce pacTyT jiepeBBH. There are
Kan men. A thin neck. Hochtb 6y-
trees on both sides of the highway
cli na inee. To wear beads around
one's neck. H[0<I>EP m. chauffeur, driver
Chagtb Ha inee y poftirrejieii. Hlo^ep TaKcn. A taxi-driver.
To be on one's parents' hands. miraOH m. spy
niHPOK|HS, -an, -oe, -He, short form mTYKA /. piece, thing
nrnpoK, -a, -6, -n; adv. mnpoKo; 10 uttvk nannpoc. 10 cigarettes.
comp. ranpe ihym m.
1. broad, wide. HlnpoKan pena. 1. noise, sound. Mh ycjiMmaxrn
A wide river. ElnpoKHH none. cnJibHBin myM. We heard a loud
A broad belt. H xony, ht66h noise. HIvm rotrrh. The sound
i66Ka Sana innpe. / want the of rain.
skirt wider. 2. fig. row. riOAHfiTb myM BOKpyr
uuy/w 166

co6hthh. To raise a hue and The economy of energy. CoSjiio-

cry over an event. AaTB 3KOHOMHK). To observe econ-
ffly]METb, -MJno, -mhdjl, -mht imp. omy.
to make a noise 2. economy. HojiiiTHHecKas 3koh6-
Mope myMHT. The sea is noisy. mhh. Political economy.
fleTH ihvmht. The children are mak- 3KPAH m. screen
ing a noise. 3Kpan TeJieBH.sopa. The screen of a
myTSTb, iny^y, myTiimt, myTHT T.V. set. 3Kpan b KHH03aJie. The
imp.jp. nomyTHTB, nomy^y, no- screen in a cinema. HEnpoKEH sk-
inyTHmb, nomyTHT pan. A
wide screen Ha anpanax
1. to joke. IHyTnTL c Apy3BHMii. KHHOTeaTpoB fleMOHCTpnpyeTCH ho-
To joke with one's friends. bbih $hjibm. A
new film is on at
2. h a # k e m? to joke. UlyTi'iTB the cinemas.
Hafl pacceHHHBiM TOBapnirieM. To 3KCKYPCHH /. excursion
joke at an absent-minded friend. 3aropoAHaa SKCKypcim. An outing
IflYTlKA /., gen. pi. -ok joke to the country. SKCKypciin b My-
OcTpoyMHan niyTKa. witty joke. A 3en. An excursion to a museum.
3Jian niyTKa. A
malicious joke. ExaTb na sKCKypciiio. To go on an
CKa3aTh b myTKy. To say (some- excursion.
thing) in jest. OECKyPCOBOfl m. excursion guide
$pmKRftU,Wn expedition f.

m, m
;

"tfe^Han aKcneAHUUH. scientific A

^pedition. SKcne^HiinH na CeBep-
m;EflP|LlH, -an, -oe, -He
ife&ii nojnoc. An expedition to the

1. generous. B^ejipuii xoanirn. A

North Pole. y^aCTBOBaTB b 9Kcne-
generous host, flje^poe cep/ine. AHunir. To take part in an expedi-
A generous heart.
tion.
3K CII JI yAT0P B ATB -yio, -yeniB,
2. fig. lavish, rich, ^eirpan npn- 1
,

-yiOT koto? imp.

po^a. Lavish nature. II^eizpHH
to exploit. SKcnjiyaTiipoBaTB
ypo?Kan. A
rich harvest.
1.
pa6oHHX. To exploit workers.
mEKA /'. , acc. meKy; pi. nienii, HK3K,
2. to make full use of. SKcnjiya-
mei-eaM, etc. cheek
IU;ET|KA /., gen. pi. -ok brush THpoBaTB TexHHKy. To make
full use of technique.
3y6Haa ineTKa. A toothbrush. m<3T-
Ka jijih OflejKflH. Clothes-brush. Ca- 3JIEKTPfiqECK|HS, -an, -oe, -ne
electric(al)
noJKiiafl nieTKa. A shoe-brush. Mnc-
tittb rueTKOH Ty^Jin. To clean
3jieKTpHHecKHH tok. Electric cur-
one's shoes with a brush.
rent.3jieKTpnqecKHH cbct. Electric
light. SjieKTpifaecKaa JiaMnoHKa.
An electric bulb. 3JieKTpuHecKHH
3, 9 yTior. An
electric iron. SJieKTpn-
^ecKiffl ^auHJJK. An electric teaket-
3K3AMEH m. examination tle.
TpyflHHH 3K3aMen. A difficult 3JIEKTPGCTAHH;ilH /. electric pow-
examination. JTerKEH 3K3aMen. An er station
easy examination. Focy^apcTBeHHHH ;
Kpynnan BJieKTpoCTaHniiH. large A
3K3aMen. StateA examination. electric power
station. HycTHTE. no-
C^aBaTB (cAaTi>) 3K3aMen. To take Byio 9JieKTpocTa.Hiinio. To put a
(pass) an examination. IIpOBajniTB- new electric power station into oper-
ch na 3K3aMeHe. To fail in an ation. SjieKTpocTanniiH #aeT tok.
examination. The electric power station is now
3KOHOMHKA f no pi. economics
%
giving power,
3KOHOMHKa CeJIfcCKOrO X03HHCTBa. 3JIEMEHT m.
The economics of agriculture. 1. element. nepnoxuHecKan cncTe-
3KOH0MHH /. no pi. Ma 3JieMeHT0B. The periodic sys-
1. economy. Skohomhh aneprira. tem of elements.
3HE 167

2. element. B cT&Tte ecTB sjieMen- IOr m., no pi.

tu kphthkh. There are elements 1. south. Oh nomeji npnMo na ior.
of criticism in the article. He went straight south.
3. element. nporpecciBHtie 3Jie- 2. south. OrjiLixaTb na lore. To
MeHTH 66m;ecTBa. The progres- have one's holidays in the south.
sive elements of society. IIoexaTb na ior. To go to the
aHEPrfi^HlBlS [8H9-], -an, -oe, -He south.
energetic H)yKH|I>lH, -an, -oe, -ue south(ern)
aneprHHHbin: nejioBeK. energetic JOhujbih BeTep. A southern wind.
person, BneprH^HHe flBHHveHHH. lOnmLiH nojiioc. The South Pole.
Energetic movements. 3Hepn'iHHaff IDMOP m., no pi. humour
noxojiKa. ^4 y?£Z/uZ gait. HMeTB ^yBCTBO K)Mopa. To have a
3HEPPHH [8H8-] /. sense of humour. PaccKa3BiBaTB c
1. energy. Bneprna borbi. T/ie K)MopOM. To tell with humour.
energy of water. IDHOCTB /., no pi. youth
2. energy. Pa6oTaTB c 6ojibeh6h CnacTJiBBaH iohoctb. Happy youth.
BHeprneH. To iwr/i with great B I0H0CTH OH MeHTEJI CTaTb apTHc-
energy. tom. In his youth he dreamt of
3TA5K m., gen. -a floor, storey becoming an actor.
JKhtb na nepBOM 3Ta?Ke. To live on I0H0III.|A m. gen. pi. -en a youth
f

the ground floor. BTopoii 3T8ljk. The CMeJiBin lOHoma. A brave youth.
first floor. £[om b 7 3Ta5KeH. A sev- KpacHBMH lOHoma. handsome A
en-storeyed house. youth.
3TO see 3T0T K)H|BIfi, -an, -oe, -tie young
3 TOT, 3Ta, 3T0, 3th pron. K)HLie to^bi oh npoBejx b MTajiiin.
1. this. 3tot flOM. TTiis house. He spent his youth in Italy. IOnan
3to okho. ?7us window. Btot y*ie- #eByiHKa. A
young girl.
hhk nacTO ona3AHBaeT. T/us pu-
piZ i*5 late.
2. tbat. 3T0T ftCHB mh Bee co-
B a, si

6paJincB y nero. On that day we

all gathered at his place. H. pron., gen., acc. mchh, dat., prepos.
3. 9to neut. it; this, these; Mne, mhoh I
instr.
that, 3to ctoji. This is
those. MeHH He 6uno j\6ua B*iepa Beqe-
a Sto
table. CTyJiBH. These pOM. / was not at home last night.
are chairs. 3to 6ujja ona. Kto =>to? — 3to h. "Who is it?"
That was she. 3to 6mjio £aBH6 ; "IV s me." H njiy b TeaTp; tbi non>
That was a long time ago. Kto #eniB BMecTe co mhoh? going Vm
sto? —
9to moh 6paT. "Who is to the theatre; will you go with
that?" "It's my brother." Hto me? Mne CKy^HO. / am bored,
3to TaKoe? " WhaVs that?" 3to MHe xojio^ho. / am cold. Tbi
y^eSnnK? — HeT, sto cjiOBapt. BCTpeTHHiB Menn? Will you meet
"Is it a text-book?" "No, it me? ITpHXOnii ko MHe cero^nal
is a dictionary.'" Hto sto 3a Come to see me today/
neJiOBen? What, sort of person }?EJI0K|0 neut., pi. h6jiokh, hSjiok
is he? Hto 3to 3a BeniB? What apple
sort of thing is that? Men 3to Bojibhioh ypo>Ka.H h6jiok. A rich
ctoji? — 3to ctoji HBanosa. harvest of apples.
"Whose desk is it?" "It's Iva- HB&TBCH see HBJIilTLCH
nov's desk." Kto TaM? 3to — h. HBJlfiHHE neut. phenomenon
"Who is there?" "It's me." >IBJiJl|TLCH, -iocb, -eniBCH, -iotch
imp. I p. HBHTBCH, HBJHOCL, HBHHJB-
10, K) CH, HBHTCH
K)E|KA /., gen. pi. -ok skirt 1. to come, to turn up. Oh no3AHO
Ona 6mia b nrapOKOH roSne. She hbhjich Ha JieKHHio. He turned
wore a wide skirt. up late for the lecture.
 168

2. only imp. IlyniKHH hbuhgtch HHBAP[b m.., gen. -a January

bgjihkhm pyccKHM noaTOM. Push- Ho^l b HHBape. A night in Janu-
kin is a great Russian poet. ary. Ilepsoe aHBapa. The first of
flrOftA /. berry January.
Co6npaTb rpn6ii h arojiki. To gath- HPK|HQ, -aa, -oe, -He, short form
er mushrooms and berries. Hrojiti apoK, apna, apK|o, -h; adv. apno;
kjiv6hhkel Strawberries. BKycaaa comp. apne
ca^OBaa aroji;a. A tasty cultivated 1. bright. flpKHH CBex. A bright
berry. Bapente H3 aro/i. Jam made light.
from berries. 2. bright. HpKHe KpacKH, Bright
HflPO neut,,pl. ajipa, a^ep, a^paM, etc. colours.
nucleus 3. fig. striking, brilliant. HpRHH
H^po aTOMa. The nucleus of the npHMep. A striking example.
atom. H/ipo KJieTKH. The nucleus HpKHH TaJiaHT. Abrilliant tal-
of a cell. ent.
H3blK m., gen. -a
1. tongue. IIoKa3aTB a3HK. To #CH[BlH, -aa, short form
-oe, -He,
show one's tongue. acea, acea, aca|o, adv. acao
-li;

2. language. KfeyqaTi. HHOCTpanawH 1. clear, fine. Hcaoe ae6o. clear A

H3MK. To study a foreign lan- sky. Hchmh jieHt. fine day. A
guage. BjiaAexL hgc-kojibkumh
2. fig. lucid. Hculih yM. lucid A
HHOCTpaHHHMfl a3tJKa.MIl. To mind. Hcnaa mhcjib. clear A
thought, d tot Eonpoc MHe acea.
know several foreign languages.
This question is clear to me.
<0> ,D[ep»caTjE> ji3ljk 3a 3y6aMn. To
keep a still tongue in one's head. BaM 3to acao? Is that clear to
HaiiTH you? Oa roBOpHT oneRh acao.
66mnii fl3MK c Kew-JiH-
6o. To speak a common language He speaks very clearly.
with somebody. HlBiHK m.
HXlIjO neut., pi. aaua, aari egg 1. box. JlarHK h6jiok. box of A
KypuHLie aiirxa. Hen's eggs. apples. HranK c KOncepBaMH.
«0» iTiino BCMaTKy. A soft-boiled A box of preserves.
egg. iT«n;6 BKpyryio. A
hard-boiled 2. drawer. Huthk nacBMeaaoro
egg. Hiin;6 b MemoieK. well- A CTOJia. A
drawer of a desk.
boiled egg. Hfiaa Kypimy ne i
taT 3. box. noaTOBMU aniaK. A post-
y
(proverb). Cf. Don't teach \jour box.
grandmother to suck eggs.
 SUPPLEMENT
THEMATIC GROUPS OF WORDS
Names People inhabiting Various Countries
of Nationalities, of
and Continents, Geographical Names and corresponding Adjectives

aBCTpaJinen; Australian (man), aBcrpa- a^raHen, Afghan (nian), a^raena Af-

jiniiKa Australian (woman), aBCTpa- ghan (woman), a^ranriH Afghans,
jiwhuli Australians, ABCTpaJinn A<J>raifflCTaH Afghanistan; a^raH-
Australia; aBCTpaJiiiHCKnii Austra- ckhh Afghan
lian
a$pHKaHen; African (man), a$pHKaHKa
aBCTpiieij Austrian(man), aBcxpiJHKa African (woman), a^pHKaHrrti Af-
Austrian (woman), aBCTpHnuti Aus- ricans, A$pnKa Africa; a<J)pHKaH-
trians, ABCTprm Austria; aBCTptfn- ckhh African
ckhh Austrian
6eJiBr-Hen; Belgian (man), 6ejitrHHKa
a3HaT Asian (man), a3naTKa Asian
Belgian (woman), GejitrHHijH Bel-
(woman), a3naTbi Asians, A3HH gians, BeJiBrHH Belgium; 6ejiE>rnii-
Asia; a3iia.TCKHii Asian
ckhh Belgian
ajiSaHen; Albanian (man), aJi6aHKa Al-
banian (woman), aji6aHii£i Albanians, SnpMaiieii Burmese (man), 6npManKa
AJiSaHHH Albania; aji6aHCKHH Alba- Burmese (woman), SupManuLi Bur-
nian mese, EnpMa Burma; SnpMaHCKHH
Burm ese
aJiJKHpen; Algerian (man), anjiuipKa
Algerian (woman), aJi>Knpn;Ki Alge- 6ojirapnii Bulgarian (man), 6oJirapKa
rians, AJDKHp Algeria; aji>KHpcKHii Bulgarian (woman), 6ojrrapu Bul-
Algerian garians, Eonrapna Bulgaria; 6ofl-
aMepHKaHen American (man), aMepn- rapcKHH Bulgarian
KaHKa American (woman), aMepn- .

6oJiHBHen Bolivian (man), SoJiHBHHKa

KaHUH Americans, AMepnna Amer- Bolivian (woman), 6ojihbhhh;h Bo-
ica; aMepHKancKHH American
livians, Bojihbhh Bolivia; 6ojiiibhh-
anrjiHHaHHH Englishman, aerJiEraaaKa ckhh Bolivian
Englishwoman, anrjiH^aHe English,
Abtjihh England; aHrjiimcKHH Eng- 6pa3HJierc Brazilian (man), 6pa3HjiE>n;Bi
lish Brazilians, Bpa3HJiHH Brazil; 6pa-
3HJILCKHH Brazilian
apa6 Arab (man), 1 apa6ti Arabs; apa6-
ckhh Arab Welshman, BaJiJiHHKa Welsh-
BaJiJiiien;
woman, BajiJiMijLi Welsh, yajitc
apreHTHiien Argentinean (man), apren-
Wales] BajijiHHCKHtr Welsh
THHKa Argentinean (woman), apren-
thhuli Argentineans, ApreHTHHa Benrp Hungarian (man), BenrepKa
Argentine; apreHTJffiCKHH Argentine Hungarian (woman), BeHrpti Hun-

1 The feminine forms of a number of nouns denoting nationality

either do not exist or are not used in the literary language.
 170

garians, Benrpun Hungary; Benrep- nopAaHen; Jordanian (man), nopAaHijbi

ckhii Hungarian Jordanians, MopAamiH Jordan;
HOpftanCKiiH Jordanian
Benecyajieo; Venezuelan (man), Bene-
cyBJiKa Venezuelan (woman), Bene- npaKerx Iraqi (man), upaKijbi Iraqis,
cySJifeijH Venezuelans, BeHecy&ia HpaK Iraq; HpaKCKHH Iraq
Venezuela; BeHecyaJifcCKHH Venezu- npaHen; Persian (man), npaHKa Per-
elan sian (woman), apaHrcH Persians,
BbCTHaMen; Vietnamese (man), Bbe-r- HpaH Persia (Iran); HpaHCKHH
HaMKa Vietnamese (woman), BbeT- Persian (Iranian)
HaMijbi Vietnamese, BbeTHaM Fief-
HpjiaHften; Irishman, HpJiaHAKa Irish-
nam; BbeTHaMCKHH Vietnamese woman, iipjiaHflHH Irish, HpjiaHAHH
raneii;Ghanean (man), ranna Ghanean Ireland, npjiaHACKiin Irish
(woman), ranijbi Ghaneans, Tana
Ghana; raHCKni Ghanean ncJianA ei^ Icelander (man) HCJiaHflKa
Icelander (woman), HCJiaHfli^bi Ice-
TBaTeMaJien; Guatemalan (man),rBaTC- landers, HcjiaHAim Iceland; ucjiaHA-
Guatemalans,
MaJiBiiiLi TBaTeMaJia ckhh Iceland
Guatemala; TBaTeMaJibCKHH Guate- Spaniard, ncnaHKa Spanish
rrcnaHeu,
malan (woman), ncnaHijbi Spanish, Hcna-
rBHHeeij Guinean, rBHHeiiALi Guineans, hiih Spain; HcaaHCKiffl Spanish
TBiieeH Guinea; rBimeiiCKHH Guinean HTaJibHHea Italian (man), HTaJibHHKa
Germany; repMancKHH Italian (woman), HTajibHHUH Ital-
repMaHHH
ians, HTaJlHH Italy; HTaAbflHCKHH
German (see Heneo;)
Italian
TOAJiaHAen; Dutchman, roJiJian^Ka
HeMeH'en; Yemeni, HeMemjbi Yemeni,
Dutchwoman, rojuiaH^qu Dutch,
Ke&ieH Yemen; HeMeHCKHH Yemeni
TojiJiaBftHH Holland; rojuiaH^cKHH
Dutch KaM6oA>KHen; Cambodian, KaM6o#tf{HH-
d;li Cambodians, KaM6oA>Ka Cambo-
rpen Greek (man), rpenaHKa Greek
dia; KaM6oAJKHHCKHK Cambodian
(woman), rpeKH Greeks, Fper^Hfl:
Greece; rpe^ecKHii Greek KanaAen; Canadian (man), KaH&AKa Ca-
nadian (woman), KanaAAbi Cana-
flaTHaHMH Dane (man), ^aT^aHKa Dane dians, Kanaka Canada; KaHaACKHH
(woman), A^T^ase Danes, 3^ SHH
Canadian
Denmark; flaTCKHH Danish
eBpea khudhot Cypriot, KunpiiOTH Cypriots,
eBpea Jew, eBpeiiKa Jewess,
Knnp Cyprus; KiinpcKHH Cyprian
Jews; eBpeficKHH Jewish
KHiaen; Chinese (man), KHTanHKa Chi-
eBponeen; European (man), eBponeHn;ti
nese (woman), KHTaHt^bi Chinese,
Europeans, EBpona Europe; eBpo-
KiiTaft China; i^htslhckhh Chinese
neiiCKHH European
KOJiyMSnen; Colombian (man), KOJiyM>
eriraTHHHH Egyptian (man), ernnTHH-
6itHn;bi Colombians, KojiyM6nff Co-
na Egyptian (woman), ernnTHHe
lombia; KOJiyMSsHCKHH Colombian
Egyptians, EnraeT Egypt; ernneT-
ckhh Egyptian KOHrojie3en; Congolese (man), Konro-
Jie3E^H Congolese, Konro The Congo;
Indian (man), HHfliraHKa In-
vlejxAqjx
KOHroJie3CKHH Congolese
dian (woman), hh^hhei.h Indians,
Hh^hh India; hhahhckhu Indian KOpeen Korean (man), KopeaHKa Ko-
rean (woman), KOpesnibi Koreans,
HHj^OH63Hej^ Indonesian (man), iihao-
HG3HHK3 Indonesian (woman), hh-
Kopen Korea; KopeacKHH Korean
AOHe3HHu;Li Indonesians, HH^0He3Hfl: KySnneij Cuban (man), KySiiHKa Cu-
Indonesia; HH^0He3HHCKHH Indone- ban (woman), KySiiHijbi Cubans,
sian Ky6a Cuba; KySiiHCKiiH Cuban
 171

JiaOTHHHH 7 Laotian (man), JiaoTHHKa an), HOBOaeJiaHflHH New Zealand-

Laotian (woman), jiaoraHe & jiaoc- ers, HoBaa 3ejTaH^HH New Zea-
u;h Laotians, JIaoc Laos; jiaoTHH- land; H0B03eJiaHflCKHH New Zealand
ckhh & JiaoccKiia Laotian
HopB&Keij Norwegian (man), uopBeniKa
,

JiaTHHoaMepHKaHen; Latin American Norwegian (woman), nopBejKijK

(man), jiaTHHoaMepHKaHKa Latin Norwegians, HopBeran Norway;
American (woman), naTHHba3*ff n- nopBejKCKHH Norwegian
k&hijbi Latin Americans, JIaTJi|fray#
naKHCTaHen; Pakistani, naKKCTaenH
AMepHKa Latin America; Jia*to$*;. Pakistanis, IlaKHCTaH Pakistan;
aMepiiKaHCKHH Latin American ,

naKHCTaHCKHH Pakistani
JiHBaHeu Lebanese, JiiiBaHijLJ Lebanese,
naHaMHH Panamanians, IlaHaMa Pana-
JlHBan The Lebanon; jiiiBaHCKHii
ma; nanaMCKHH Panamanian
Lebanese
nepyaneij Peruvian (man), nepyaHKa
jiHBHen Libian, juibhhum Libians, JIh-
Peruvian (woman), nepyainjH Peru-
bhh Libia; jiiibithckhii Libian
vians, Ilepy Peru; nepyancKiin Pe-
MaJiaen; Malayan (man), MaJiawna Ma- ruvian
layan (woman), MaJiaiiijBi Malayans,
noJi/iK Pole (man), noji&Ka Pole (wom-
MaJiaHH Malaya; NfaJiaHCKHH Ma-
an), noJiHKii Poles, IToJifcrna Po-
layan
land; noJibCKHH Polish
MaJiHerxMali (man), MaJiiiiiKa Mali
nopTyra-Jieij Portuguese (man), nopTy-
(woman), MaJiHirijH Malis, IVIaJiH
ra^iKa Portuguese (woman), nopTy-
Mali; MairiracKHH Mali
raJiBE[£i Portuguese, IIopTyrajiHH
MajiLrara Malagasi, Majitraran Mala- Portugal; nopTyraJiBCKHii Portu-
gasi; MaJTBramcKiiii Malagasi guese

MapoKKaHen; Moroccan (man), MapoK- pyMHH Rumanian (man), pyMHHKa

KaHKa Moroccan (woman), MapOK- Rumanian (woman), pyaiBi'HH Ru-
KanijEi Moroccans, MapoKKO Moroc- manians, PyMHHHH Rumania; py-
co; MapoKKaiiCKHH Moroccan mlihckhh Rumanian
MGKCHKaHen, Mexican (man), MeKCH- pyccKHH Russian (man), pyccKan Rus-
KaHKa Mexican (woman), MeKCH- sian (woman), pyccKHe Russians,
KaBnqtr Mexicans, MeKCiiKa Mexico; Pocchh Russia; pyccKHH Russian
m 6 KCHKa hck H Mexican - <*§iieraJieij Senegalese, ceaeraJiBijBi Se-
MOHroJi Mongolian (man), MOHFOJiKa <--y[ negalese, CeneraJi Senegal; ceue-
Mongolian (woman), mobtojih Monr V"r :

raJibCKHii Senegalese
golians, Monro jihh Mongolia; mob> (man), cep6Ka Serbian
€6p6 Serbian
roJitCKHH Mongolian (woman), cep6Ei Serbs, Cep6HH
Herp Negro (man), nerpnTHHKa Ne- Serbia; cepScKHH Serbian
gro (woman), HerpLi Negroes; Herpii- CHpner^ Syrian (man), cspHHKa Syrian
thhckhh Negro- (woman), cmpimum Syrians, CirpHH
newen, German, neMKa German (woman), Syria; cnpHHCKHij Syrian
neMAEE Germans; HeMeHKHH German cjiob&k Slovak (man), CJioBa^ma Slo-
HenaJien; Nepalese, nenaJi&ijH Nepa- vak (woman), cjiob&kh Slovaks,
lese, HenaJr Nepal; HenaJiBCKHii Cjiob&khh Slovakia; CJiosauKHH
Nepal Slovak
coMaJiaeD; Somali (man), coMaJiHHKa
HiirepHen; Nigerian, HHrepHHijH Nige-
Somali(woman), C0MaJiHHij;&i So-
rians, Hurepna Nigeria; HiirepHH-
malis, CoMaJiH Somaliland; coMa-
ckhm: Nigerian
jihhckhh Somali
BOBOBejiaHflen; New Zealander (man), cyflanen; Sudanese (man), cy^aHKa Su-
H0B03ena.H^Ka New Zealander (wom- danese (woman), cy^aHiJBi Suda-
 172

rtese, Cy^aH The Sudan; cy^aHCKiifi inBennapna Switzerland; mBennap-

Sudanese ckhh Swiss
TamiaHflen; Thai, TaHJiaHfliiLi Thais, raBej? Swede (man), rase^Ka Swede
TaHJianjj Thailand; TanJi&HftCKiin (woman), mBe^Bi Swedes, HlBeruia
Thai Sweden; raBe^cKHii Swedish
TOroJie3eE[ Togolese, Torojie3iiH Togo- moTJiaHflen; Scotsman, moTJian^Ka
lese, Toro Togo; ToroJie3CKHti To- Scotswoman, moTJiaHMiTLi Scots,
golese IHoTJiaH^HH Scotland; raoTJian^CKHH
TyHHcen; Tunisian (man), TyniiCKa Tu- Scotch
nisian (woman), TyHHcnH Tunisi-
ans, Tvhbc Tunis; TyHHCCKHir Tu-
3$Hon Ethiopian (man), 3<£ii6nKa Ethi-
nisian
opian (woman), a^aonH Ethiopi-
ans, B^jioubr Ethiopia; 3$noncKnii
TypOK Turk (man), Typ^iaHKa Turk Ethiopian
(woman), TypKH Turks, Typrina
K»rocJiaBH Yugoslavs, lOrocjiaBiia Yu-
Turkey; Typen,KHH Turkish
goslavia; lorocaaBCKHH Yugoslav
yKpanneii Ukrainian (man), yKpaira-
Ka Ukrainian (woman), yKpaHHinsi an6nen, Japanese (man), anoHKa Japa-
nese (woman), anoHUH Japanese,
Ukrainians, VKpanna The Ukraine;
yKpaHHCKEH Ukrainian Hnonna Japan; hdohckhh Japa-
nese
ypyrBaen; Uruguayan (man), ypyrBaH-
d;h Uruguayans, YpyrBaH Uruguay; NUMERALS
ypyrBaHCKHH Uruguayan
1 o#hh, oah5, oaho; nepB|wii, -a a,
yauLCiiBi Welsh, Ysjibc Wales; yajiBc- -we first
-oe,
khh Welsh 2 Asa, ABe; BTop|6ii, -aa, -oe, -we
second
ijfiHnHnnHHei^ Filipino, {^minnniiHUH
3 Tpn; TpeT|Hii, -ba, -be, -bH third
Filipinos; CDnJinnnHHH The Philip-
pines 4 "leTbipe; qeTBepiiwii, -aa, -oe, -bie
fourth
<J)HHH Finn (man), $HHKa Finn (wom- 5 naTb; naT|wfr\ -aa, -oe, -we fifth
$hhhh Finns, Okhjihh^hh
an), 6 raecTb; mecT|6fi, -aa, -oe, -bie
Finland; $hhckhh Finnish sixth
$paHiE;y3 Frenchman, 7 ceMb; eeAbM|6fi, -aa, -oe, -we sev-
(JpaHnjaceHKa
Frenchwoman, enth
$paHny3H French,
<I>paHn,Mfl France; 8 BOceMb; B0CbM]6fi, -aa, -oe, -we
(J>paHn;y3CKnH
French eighth
9 #eBaTb; #eBaT|wii -aa, -oe, -we
.

xopBaT Croat (man), xopBaTKa Croat ninth

(woman), xopB&TH Croats, XopBa- 10 ^ecaTb; aecar|bifi, -aa, -oe, -we
thh Croatia; xopBaTCKHH Croatian tenth
11 oRHHHajmaTb; oftHHHaftuaTjwH,
ueHJionen; Ceylonese (man), nefijiOHKa
Ceylonese (woman), neHJionniJ Ceylo- -aa, -oe, -we eleventh
nese, UeiiJiOH Ceylon; neiiJioHCKiin
12 #Beea£D;aTb; ABeoawaTlwft, -aa,
Ceylonese -oe, -we twelfth
13 TpnHa^naTb; TpnaaMn;aT|wfi, -aa,
*iex Czech (man), qemna Czech (wom- -oe, -we thirteenth
an),nexn Czechs; Hexna Czechia; 14 qeTwpaajmaTb; qeTMpaaftnaTlwH,
HemcKHH Czech -aa, -oe, -we fourteenth
^HJinen; Chilian (man), ^HJiBHKa Chil- 15 naTHaj*n;aTb; naTHaAnaT|wii, -aa,
ian (woman), -oe, -we fifteenth
^jihbd;h Chilians,
^hjih Chile; hhjibhckhh Chilian 16 mecTHa#naTb; raecTnaffnaT|wii t

-aa, -oe, -we sixteenth

mBeanapen; Swiss (man), mBennapKa 17 ceMHaAmaTb; eeMHafln;aTlwH -aa,
,

Swiss (woman), niBeHnapnBi Swiss; -oe, -we seventeenth

 173

18 BOceMHa#n,aTi>; BoceMeaflnaTjwii, 1000000000 MOJijiaapA; Mnjijraapfl-

-aa, -oe, -we eighteenth Hjwa, -aa, -oe, -we milliardth
19 fleBJiTHaAE^aTb; #eBaTHa#D;aT|WH,
-aa, -oe, -we nineteenth DAYS OF THE WEEK, MONTHS,
20 £Bajm,aTb; ABa;^aT|wH, -an, -oe, SEASONS, TIME-UNITS
-we twentieth
21 #BaAn;aTb o^hh; ffua#naTb nep- Days of theWeek
b|wh, -aa, -oe, -we twenty-first noHe#e\jibHHK m. Monday
30 TpHflnaTb; TpH#n,aT|wH, -aa, -oe, BTopenK m. Tuesday
-bie thirtieth epe#a pi, cpe&bi Wednesday
40 copoK; copOKOBjOM, -aa, -oe, -bie qeTBepr m. gen. qeTBepra Thursday
f

fortieth naTBHn,a /. Friday

50 naTbRecHT; naTHjieeaTjwH, -a a, eyGooTa /. Saturday
-oe, -we fiftieth BocKpeceHbe neut. Sunday
60 mecTbAecflT; mecTHAecaT|wa,
-aa, -oe, -we sixtieth Months
70 ceMbftecaT; ceasnsecaTlwa, -aa, aHBagb m. gen. HHBapa January
t
-oe, -we seventieth <f>eBpajib m., gen. <J)eBpaJia February
80 BOceMbRecaT; BOCbMH#ecaT|wii, MapT m. March
-aa, -oe, -we eightieth anpejib m. April
90 sesHHOCTo; AeBaH6cT|wfi, -aa, Ma a m. May
-oe, -we ninetieth inoHb m. June
100 cto; cot|wh, -aa, -oe, -we one uiojibm. July
hundredth asrycT m. August
101 CTO OffHH, CTO OflH&, CTO OAHOJ ceHTa^pb m., gen. ceHTa6pa Septem-
oto nepB|wu, -aa, -oe, -we one ber
hundred and first OKTa5pb m., gen. OKTa6pa October
110 cto fleeaTb; cto flecaT|wa, -aa, ao£6pb /n., gen. Hoa6pa November
-oe, -we one hundred and tenth #eKaopb m., gen. fleKa6pH December
200 ^secTn; abvxcotIwh, -aa, -oe,
-we two hundredth Seasons
300 TpncTa; TpexcoT|wH, -aa, -oe, Becna /. spring
-we three hundredth jieTO neut. summer
400 qeTwpecTa; qeTwpexc6T|wH, -aa, oceHb /. autumn
-oe, -we four hundredth 3HMa winter
/.
500 naTbcoT; naTHcoT|wfi, -aa, -oe,
-we five hundredth Time-Units
600 mecTbcoT; meeTHc6T|wa, -aa, ceKyH^a /. second
-oe, -we six hundredth MHHyTa /. minute
700 ceMbcoT; ceMaeoTjwH, -aa, -oe, qac m., pi. qacM, qacoB hour
-we seven hundredth ro# m., prepos. b ro;iy & o ro^e; gen.
800 BocesibcoT; bocbmhcotIwh, -aa, pi. jieT year
-oe, -we eight hundredth BeK m., pi. BeKa century
900 jieBaTbcoT; jieBaTncoTjwH, -aa,
-oe, -we nine hundredth COLOURS
1000 Tbicaqa; TWcaqalwfi, -aa, -oe,
-we thousandth 6eji|wK, -aa, -oe, -we white
1961 Tbicaqa seBaTbcoT mecTbaecar -we light-blue
rojiyo|6ii, -aa, -oe,
oahh; Twcaqa AeBaTbcoT raecTb- acejiT|biH, -aa, -oe, -we yellow
AecaT nepB|wa, -aa, -oe, -we one 3eJieH|wfi, -aa, -oe, -we green
thousand nine hundred and sixty- Kpaca|WH, -aa, -oe, -we red
first KopH<meB|bm, -aa, -oe, -we brown
10000 jiecaTb Twcaq; ^ecnTHTweaq- jihji6b[wh, -aa, -oe, -we lilac
h|wh, -aa, -oe, -we ten thousandth opan/KCBl&iH, -aa, -oe, -we orange
1000000 MnjiJinon; miijijih6hh|wh, po30B|wa, -aa, -oe, -we pink
-aa, -oe, -we millionth cmh|hh, -aa, -ee, -ne blue
 174

ceplwil, -aa, -oe, -we grey 66ap|m3, -aa, -oe, -bie cheerful
cBeTJi|biH, -aa, -oe, -we light BeHvJiHB|MH , -aa, -oe, -bie polite
t6Mh|wh -aa, -oe, -we dark
, BecejijMH^, -aa, -oe, -bie gay
<|>HOJieTOBlwii, -an, -oe, -Me violet BHHMaTejibH|bifi, -aa, -oe, -mo atten-
yepH|wii, -aa, -oe, -bie black tive
reiraaJibHtMH. -aa, -oe, -bie of genius
PARTS OF THE BODY rjiyn|bifi, -aa,-oe, -bie stupid
ropA|MH, -aa, -oe, -bie proud
rojroBa /., acc. rojioey, pi. rojiOBH, rpy6|biii, -aa, -oe, -Me rude, coarse
tojiob, rojioeaM, etc. head Aoopjwn, -aa, -oe, -bie kind
men /. neck /KaAHjbiil, -aa, -oe, -we stingy
njie*K) neut., pi. imemi shoulder /KecTOK|Ha, -aa, -oe, -He cruel
rpyAb prepos. na rpy#H chest 3a6oTJiHB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we solicitous
erimia /., acc. cuihiy, pi. cnnnti back 3aAyMiHBlwH, -aa, -oe, -we thought-
6ok to., pi. ooKa side ful
yKHBOT m., gen. >KHB0Ta stomach HCKpeHB|Hii, -aa, -ee, -He frank, sin-
pyKa/., acc. pyny, pi. pyKuhand, arm cere
jiaAOHb /. palm jiacKOB|bifi, -aa, -oe, -we affectionate
jiOKOTb to., gen. jiokth, gen. pi. jroK- ji>khb|wK, -aa, -oe, -we untruthful
Tefi elbow jierKo»iwcJieHH|biH, -aa, -oe, -we
KyjiaK m., gen. KynaKa fist light-headed
nora /., acc. nory, pi. hofh foot, leg jieHHB|wn, -aa, -oe, -we lazy
KOJiewo neut., pi. KOJienn knee jiobk|hh, -aa, -oe, -He adroit
najieu, m., gen. naJibiia finger, toe jiio6onwTH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we curious
HoroTb ;n., gen. hotth, gen. pi. Hor- jno6o3HaTeJibH|wii, -aa, -oe, -we in-
Tefi nail quisitive
eepftue neut., pi. cepjma heart MyAp|WH, -aa, -oe, -we wise
jierKoe neut., pi. JierKne lung MyjKecTBeHH]ww, -aa, -oe, -we coura-
HiejiyAOK to., gen. ?Kejiy#Ka stomach geous
bojiocw pi., gen. pi. bojioc hair HacTOHqHBlwfi, -aa, -oe, -we persis-
yxo neut., pi. ymn, yraeir ear tent
jio6* to., gen. Ji6a forehead He*KH|wfi, -aa, -oe, -we gentle
hoc to., pi. hoch nose HepBH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we nervous
rjia3 to., pi. rJia3a eye octopo?kh|wh, -aa, -oe, -we careful
6poBb /., gen. pi. 6poBeH eyebrow ocTpoyMHjwir, -aa, -oe, -we witty
peeirana eyelash /. npaBAHBjwH, -aa, -oe, -we truthful
m,eKa /., pi. menu: cheek Po6"k|hh, -aa, -oe, -ne timid
pOT m., gen. pTa mouth paceeaHHlwH, -aa, -oe, -we absent^
ry6a /., pi. ry6bi lip minded
3y6 to., g^/z. pi. 3y6oB tooth caMOJiio6HB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we touchy
bhcok to., gen. BHCKa temple caMoyBepeHH|MH, -aa, -oe, -we self-
H3biK to. gerc. , H3biKa tongue opinionated
iio^GopoAOK m., g-e/z, no#6op6jiKa chin cepbe3H|biH, -aa> -oe, -we serious
ye to., pZ. ycb'r moustache cKpoMH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we modest
3aTbiji0K m. y gen. saTHJiKa back [of cm6ji|wh, -aa, -oe, -we courageous
tl^e head cnoKOHH|bm, -aa, -oe, -we quiet,
6opofla /., acc. 66pojjy, pi. 66pojiBi, calm
6op6/j beard ciioc66h|wh, -aa, -oe, -we capable
cnpaBeA^HB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we just
TRAITS OF CHARACTER AND CTapaTeJibH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we assid-
MAN'S QUALITIES uous
CTpaHH|wti, -aa, -oe, -we strange, queer
aKKypaTHjbiu, -aa, -oe, -bie painstak- CTporinfi, -aa, -oe, -He exacting,
ing strict
aKTHBH|biH, -aa, -oe, -Me active cypoBlwH, -aa, -oe, -we severe
6ecnor<6iiH|biii, -aa, -oe, -bie restless TajiaHTJiHBfwH, -aa, -oe, -we talented
 175

TpycJiHB[bia, -aa, -oe, -Me cowardly hockh pi., sing, hocok m., gen. nocKa
yMH|faiH, -aa, -oe, -bie clever socks
ynpflM[MH ? -aa, -oe, -we stubborn nijiana /. hat
xHTplbiii, -aa, -oe, -we sly, cunning inanKa /., gen. pi. iuanoK cap
xpa6p|biil, -aa, -oe, -bie brave map<J> m. scarf
*iecTH|bi3, -an, -oe, -we honest nep^iaTKH pl. f
gen. nepnaTOK; sing.
mejspJbiM, -aa, -oe, -we generous nep^aTKa gloves /.
aHeprifaHlbifi, -an, -oe, -we energetic HJiaTbe neut. dress
loo'Ka /., gen. pi. i66ok skirt
6jiy3Ka gen. pi. 6jiy30K blouse
THE FAMILY Ko^Ta jacket
/.
5KaKeT m. jacket
po^ETejiH pi., gen. pofliiTejien parents hvjikh pi., gen. qynoK; sing. hvjiok
otcb; m., gen. otixo. father m., gen. qyjiKa stockings
aiaTb /., gen., dat., prepos, MaTepn, 6*qthhkh pi., gen. 6othhok; sing. 60-
instr. MaTepbio; pi, MaTepn, Mare- thhok m., gen. 6oTHHKa boots
pen, MaTepaM, etc. mother ryfymi pi., gen. pi. Ty$eJft>; sing.
cwh m., pi. CHHOBBA, cHHOBen son Ty<|)Jifl /. shoes
AOib /., gen. j
dat., prepos. Aonepn, rajionm pi., sing, rajionia /. galoshes
Uistr. fldqepbio; pi. jjoqepn, #oqe- 66tw pi. overshoes
peii, AO^epaM, ^oqeptMH daughter 5ocoh6jkkh pi., gen. 6ocon6/KeK; sing.
6paT m. t pi. 6paTbH, 6paTbeB brother 6ocoHo>KKa /. sandals
eecTpa /., pi. cecTpti, cecrep, ce- Tano^KH pi., gen. Tauoneic, sing. Ta-
CTpaM, etc. sister noHKa /. slippers
pofleTBeHHHKH pi. relatives canoni pi., gen. canor; sing, canor m.,
AeaymKa m., gen. pi. ^e^yraeK grand- gen. canora riding boots, high-
father boots
5a6ymKa gen. pi. 6a6yoreK grand- Ba^eHKH pi., gen. BaJieHOK; sing. Ba-
mother jienoK m., gen. BaneHKa felt boots
bhvk m. grandson bopothhk m., gen. BopoTHHKa collar
BHyqica gen. pi. BnyneK grand- p'yKaB m. gen. pyKasa,
f
pi. pynaBa
daughter sleeve
Rafta m. uncle noae m., pi. noflca belt
TeTfl /. aunt KapwaH m. pocket
mieMHHHHK m. nephew nyroB«n;a /. button
njieMflHHHn.a /. niece raHypoK m., gen. ninypna lace, shoe-
^BoioposHWM 5pax m. cousin lace
ABoiopoAHaa eecTpa /. cousin npn5KKa /., gen. pi. npa>KeK buckle
o^eHJio neut. blanket, quilt
cKaTepTb gen. pi. CKaTepien table-
CLOTHES, FOOTWEAR, cloth
LINEN caji<j)eTKa gen. pi. caji$eroK nap-
kin
naJibTO neut., indecl. overcoat noAOAeHJibHHK m. quiit cover
iny6"a /. fur coat noAyniKa /., gen. pi. nosyrneK pillow,
njiam; m., gen. mranja raincoat cushion
koctfom m. suit, costume npocTWHH pi. npocTHHH, npo-
6pK>KH no sing, trousers CTbiHb, npocTBiHHM bed sheet
Tpycw no sing, shorts H&BOjiG<ma /., gen. pi. HaBOJio^eK
riHRjKaK m., gen. nHAHiana jacket, coat pillow-case
py6"amKa /., gen. pi, pySamen shirt nojiOTeHi^e neut., gen. pi. noJiOTeneu;
rajiCTyK m. tie towel r
CBHTep m. sweater, pull-over njiaTOK m., gen. nnaTKa scarf,

AiKennep m. jumper hocobok nJiaToK handkerchief

nHJKaMa /. pyjamas 6e;ibe neut., no pi. underwear;
linen
xaJiaT m. dressing-gown, housecoat HHJKHee 6ejibe underwear
 176

ARTICLES OF TOILET FURNITURE

mwjio neut., no pi. soap ctoji m., gen. CTOJia table
3y6fiaH naera /. toothpaste ctvji m., pi. CTyJibH chair
KpeM ajih GpnTbfi shaving cream inKa({> m., prepos. b mKa<J>y & o inna-
3y5n6ri nopomoK m., gen. noponiKa wardrobe
te, pi. niKa<J)H cupboard,
toothpowder khhjkhhh mKa<f> m. bookcase
rySHaH noMa.ua lipstick 6y4>eT m. buffet, dresser
meTKa gen. pi. njexoK brush; cepeaHT m. sideboard
1. 3y 6n6.fi meTKa toothbrush, RHBaH m. divan.
2. meTKa rjih bojioc (ojxeHvflbi KpecJio neut., gen. pi. Kpeceji armchair
66vbh) hairbrush (clothes-brush, KpoBaTb /. bed
shoe-brash) TyMoo iKa /., gen.
i
pi. TyM6oneK bed-
pac^ecKa colloq. /-, gen. pi. pac^iecoK side table
comb BexxiajiKa /., gen. pi. BcniaJiOK hanger
sepKajio neut., pi. 3epKaJia, sepKaa
looking-glass
6pHTBa razor
PLATES, DISHES, ETC.
/.
Ayxa no sing., gen. jryxoB perfume
TapejiKa gen. pi. TapenoK plate
o^eKOJiOH m. eau-de-Cologne
CTanaH m. glass, tumbler
nyffpa /. powder
iamKa /.,
i
gen. pi. *iameK cup
KpeM m. cream
6jiK>fln,e neut., gen. pi. 6ju6#erj; saucer
BHJiKa /., gen. pi. bhjiok fork
THE HOUSE AND ITS PARTS Ji6>KKa /., gen. pi. JiojKeK spoon
hojk m., gen. iio?Ka knife
KacTpio^fi /. sauce- pan
.HOM m., pi. ,a;0Ma house
CKOBopo^a /., pi. cKOBopoAti frying-
3^aHHe neut. building
pan
noMenjeHHe neut. premises
noftHOC m. tray
3Ta5K m., gen. 3Ta?Ka floor, storey
MafiHHK m. teapot, teakettle
nojvfcesR m. entrance
KppKKa /., gen. pi. KpyjKen mug
KsapTapa /. flat
KysiuHH m. jug
KopHROp m. passage
6~aHKa /., gen. pi. 6aeoK jar
KOMEaTa /. room 6yTfcJjiKa /., gen. 6yTHjiOK bottle
pi.
3aji m. hall
Ba3a /. vase
KaSnneT m. study
rpa<f>HH m. carafe
KyxHH /., gen. pi. nyxoHb. kitchen
ooKaji m. wine-glass
cnajibHH gen. pi. cnaJien bedroom
pEOMKa /., gen. pi. piOMOK liqueur
CTOjiOBaa /. dining-room
glass
LannaH /. bathroom
6ajiKOH m. balcony
Kpbima /. roof FOOD-STUFFS
Tpyoa /., pi. Tpy6ii chimney
jih({>t m. lift xjie6 m. bread
jiecTHHn;a /. staircase MacJio neut., no pi.: cJiHBoqHoe Maejio
nepHJia no sing, railings butter, pacTHTeJibHoe MacJio oil
ffsepb /., gen. pi. £Bepeu door hhijo neut., pi. hhucU hhh; egg
okho neut., pi. OKHa, okoh, OKnaM Cbip m., pi. CHpM cheese
window cjihbkm pi. cream
noji m, 7
prepos. ua nojiy, pi. hojih CMeTana /., no pi. sour cream
floor TBopor m., no pi. cottage cheese
noTOJioK m. ,
gen. noTOJina ceiling Ke^)np m. no pi, kefir
,

CTeHa /., acc. deny, pi. cxenn wall mojioko neut., no pi. milk
noAOKOHHHK m. window-sill mhco neut., no pi. meat
3aMOK m., gen. 3aMKa lock, padlock pw6a /, fish
KJifoq m., gen. KJiiona key KOHcepsbi pi. preserves
 177

K0Ji6aca /. sausage aneJibCHH m. orange

rop<moa mustard
/. 6aHaH m. banana
nepeu, m., gen. n^pna pepper rpyma /. pear
cojib /., no pi. salt jihmoh m. lemon
Kpyna /., pi. Kpynn groats ManftapHH m. tangerine
eaxap m., no pi. sugar nepeHK m. peach
KOH(f>eTa /. sweet h6jioko neut., pi. h6jiokh, gen. h6jiok
ne^enbe neat., no pi. pastry, biscuits apple
Bapenbe neut. jam BHHorpaA m. grapes
moKOJiaA m., no pi. chocolate MopKOBb /., no pi. carrots
weftm. no t
pi. honey orypecc m., gen. orypna cucumber
MopoHcenoe neut., gen. MopoHceHoro, noMiiAop m. tomato
no pi. ice-cream BHfflHH /., gen. pi. BBinen cherry
nnpojKHoe neut., gen. nnpoHsnoro, pi. Kjiy^HHKa /., no pi. strawberries
napoJKHHe fancy cake cjiHsa /. plum
bhho neut., pi. Bnea wine ^epenraa /., gen. pL ^epemeH sweet
Bo^Ka /. vodka cherry
ap6y3 m. water-melon
Dishes Auhh /, melon
ropox m., no pi. peas
a) sanerpeT m. Russian salad KanycTa /., no pi. cabbage
HKpa /., no pi. caviare KapTO<|)eJib m., no pi. potatoes .

ceJib^b gen. pi. cejibjien herring jiyK m., no pi. onion(s)

cajiaT m. salad - CBeKJia /., no pi. beetroot
b) 6yjibOH m. broth pen;iic m., no pi. radishes
cyn m., pi. cynw soup pejxwcKa /., colloq. radishes
euh pi., no sing. us,eu maM, niaMH,
t
<{)ac6jib /., no pi. French beans
(o) max cabbage soup
Sopau; : m., gen. 6opma borsch
(beetroot soup) PLANTS
paccojibHHK m. soup with pickled
cucumbers, capers, etc. Trees
jianraa /., no pi. noodle soup
c) 6n<|)raTeKc m. beefsteak 6epc3a /. birch
ryjiHin m. goulash #y6 m., pi. av6h, -6b oak
KOTJieTa /. rissole, cutlet enb /. fir-tree
poMnrreKe m. rumpsteak iisa /. willow
ne^eHKa /., no pi. liver Kejm m. cedar
cwpHHKH pi. cottage-cheese pan- KJien m. maple
cakes ocHiia /. aspen
mHHcteJib m. schnitzel naJibMa /. palm
HH^HHrja [-niH-] /. fried eggs cocHa /., pi. cochh, cocen pine-tree
d) MaicapoHM pi. macaroni
Kama /. cereal pudding
pac m., no pi. rice Flowers
e) KaKao neut. indecl. cocoa
KO(})e m., indecl. coffee acTpa /. aster
*ian m., no pi. tea BacHJieK m., gen. BacnJibKa corn-
komitot m. stewed fruit flower
KHcejib m., gen. KnceJin thin (fruit) "
jraiiAbim m. lily-of-the-valley
jelly MaK m. poppy
He3a5yAKa gen. pi. ne3a6yff0K
Fruit, Berries, Vegetables forget-me-not
<|)HajrKa /., gen. pi. $naJiOK violet
a5pHKoc m. apricot pOMamKa /'., gen. pi. poMameK daisy
anaHac m. pineapple p03a /. rose
 178

Cereals rojiy6b m., gen. pi. rojiySen pigeon,

dove
icyKypy3a no pi. maize
rycb m. gen. pi. rycen goose
%
osec m., gen. obcel oats
HHffioK m. gen. HH£K>Ka turkey
nmeHHi^a /., no pi. wheat t

K^pni^a /., pi. Ky pti hen

poTKb /., gen. p?KH, no pi. rye
pnc m. no pi. rice
jie6eAB m., gen. pi. jxe6efleH swan
t
opeji m., gen. opjia. eagle
nonyrafi m. parrot
ANIMALS AND BIRDS nasjiHH m. pea-cock
Wild Animals cTpayc m. ostrich
yTKa /., gen. pi. yTOK duck
bojik m., gen. pi. bojikob wolf
em m., gen. ema. hedgehog
3aan; m., gen. 3aHH;a hare
kpokoahji m. crocodile
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
jieB m., gen-, jrbsa lion
Jinca /. pi. jihch fox
, a30T m. nitrogen
MeRsejjb m. bear ajiiOMHHHH m. aluminium
o6e3bflHa /. monkey, ape 6poM m. bromine
cjioh m, gen. cjiosa elephant
t Bo^opofl m. hydrogen
THrp m. tiger rejiHH m. helium
lepenaxa /. tortoise 5KeJie30 neut. iron
30Jioto neut. gold
Domestic Animals hoa m. iodine
potassium
KajiE»i rn.
Bep6jn6fl m. camel cepa /. sulphur
boji m., gen. BOJia ox cepe6po neut. silver
K03a /., pi. ko3li goat CTpOHn;HH m. strontium
KOpOBa /. cow CBHHeo, m., gen. CBimna lead
KomKa gen. pi. noineK cat
/., KHCJiopo^ m. oxygen
jiomaftfc gen. pi. JiomaAen horse
/. , Me#b /. copper
OBn;a /., pi. obitm, OBen, sheep HaTpnfi m. sodium
oceji m., gen. ocjia donkey HHKejib m. nickel
co6aKa /. dog ojiobo neut. tin
CBHHbfi pi, CBHHBH, CBHHeH pig pa#HH m. radium
pTVTb /. mercury
Birds yrjiepoA m. carbon
ypaH m. uranium
BopoSefi m., gen. BopoSbH sparrow <j>6c$op m. phosphorus
BopoHa /. crow xjiop m. chlorine
A CATALOGUE OF SELECTED DOVER BOOKS
IN ALL FIELDS OF INTEREST
 A CATALOG OF SELECTED DOVER
BOOKS IN ALL FIELDS OF INTEREST
THE ART NOUVEAU STYLE, edited by Roberta Waddell. 579 rare photographs
ofworks in jewelry, metalwork, glass, ceramics, textiles, architecture and furniture
by 175 artists— Mucha, Seguy, Lalique, Tiffany, many others. 288pp. 8M x \ \V4 .

23515-7 Pa. $8.95

AMERICAN COUNTRY HOUSES OF THE GILDED AGE (Sheldon's "Artistic

Country-Seats"), A. Lewis. All of Sheldon's fascinating and historically important
photographs and plans. New text by Arnold Lewis. Approx. 200 illustrations.
128pp. mx \2%. 24301-X Pa. $7.95

THE WAY WE LIVE NOW, Anthony Trollope. Trollope's late masterpiece,

marks shift to bitter satire. Character Melmotte "his greatest villain." Reproduced
from original edition with 40 illustrations. 416pp. 6V& x 9M. 24360-5 Pa. $7.95

BENCHLEY LOST AND FOUND, Robert Benchley. Finest humor from early
30's,about pet peeves, child psychologists, post office and others. Mostly
unavailable elsewhere. 73 illustrations by Peter Arno and others. 183pp. 5% x 8W.
22410-4 Pa. $3.50

ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE DESIGNS AND HOW TO CREATE THEM, John

Locke. Isometric perspective is the picture of an object adrift in imaginary space. 75
mindboggling designs. 52pp. 8M x n. 24123-8 Pa. $2.50

PERSPECTIVE FOR ARTISTS, Rex Vicat Cole. Depth, perspective of sky and sea,
shadows, much more, not usually covered. 391 diagrams, 81 reproductions of
drawings and paintings. 279pp. 5 /s x 8Vz.
3
22487-2 Pa. $4.00

MOVIE-STAR PORTRAITS OF THE FORTIES, edited by John KobaL 163

glamor, studio photos of 106 stars of the 1940s: Rita Hayworth, Ava Gardner,
Marlon Brando, Clark Gable, many more. 176pp. 8% x 1 VA. 23546-7 Pa. $6.95

STARS OF THE BROADWAY STAGE, 1940-1967, Fred Fehl. Marlon Brando,

Uta Hagen, John Kerr, John Gielgud, Jessica Tandy in great shows South
Pacific, Galileo, West Side Story, more. 240 black-and-white photos. 144pp. 8% x
\VA. 24398-2 Pa. $8.95
ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE, edited by
CyrilM. Harris. Extraordinary compendium of clear, concise definitions for over
5000 important architectural terms complemented by over 2000 line drawings.
'
592pp. T/z x 9%.
'

24444-X Pa. $14.95

THE EARLY WORK OF FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, F.L. Wright. 207 rare
photos of Oak Park period, first great buildings: Unity Temple, Dana house,
Larkin factory. Complete photos of Wasmuth edition. New Introduction. 160pp. 8%
*
xllK. 24381-8 Pa. $7.50
LIVING MY LIFE, Emma Goldman. Candid, no holds barred account by foremost
American anarchist: her own life, anarchist movement, famous contemporaries,
ideas and their impact 944pp. 5 /s x 8J1
3
22543-7, 22544-5 Pa., Two-vol. set $13.00
UNDERSTANDING THERMODYNAMICS, H.C. Van Ness. Clear, lucid treat-
ment of first and second laws supplement to basic
of thermodynamics. Excellent
textbook in undergraduate science or engineering class. 103pp. 5% x 8.
63277-6 Pa. $3.50
 CATALOG OF DOVER BOOKS
CHILDREN'S BOOKPLATES AND LABELS, Ed Sibbett,Jr.6 each of 12 types
based on Wizard of Oz, Alice, nursery rhymes, fairy tales. Perforated; full color.

24pp. mx 11. '

23538-6 Pa. $2.95

READY-TO-USE VICTORIAN COLOR STICKERS: 96 Pressure-Sensitive Seals,

Carol Belanger Grafton. Drawn from authentic period sources. Motifs include
heads of men, women, children, plus florals, animals, birds, more. Will adhere to
any clean surface. 8pp. 11, 8^ 24551-9 Pa. $2.95

CUT AND FOLD PAPER SPACESHIPS THAT FLY, Michael Grater. 16

colorful, easy-to-build spaceships that really fly. Star Shuttle, Lunar Freighter, Star
Probe, 13 others. 32pp. 8W x 11. 23978-0 Pa. $2.50

CUT AND ASSEMBLE PAPER AIRPLANES THAT FLY, Arthur Baker. 8

aerodynamically sound, ready-to-build paper airplanes, designed with latest
techniques. Fly Pegasus, Daedalus, Songbird, 5 other aircraft. Instructions. 52pp.
9M x 1 1!4. 24302-8 Pa. $3.95

SIDELIGHTS ON RELATIVITY, Albert Einstein. Two lectures delivered in

1920-21: Ether and and Geometry and Experience. Elegant ideas in
Relativity
non-mathematical form. 56pp. 5% x 8& 2451 1-X Pa. $2.25

FADS AND FALLACIES IN THE NAME OF SCIENCE, Martin Gardner. Fair,

witty appraisal of cranks and quacks of science: Velikovsky, orgone energy, Bridey
Murphy, medical fads, etc. 373pp. 5% x 8& 20394-8 Pa. $5.50

VACATION HOMES AND CABINS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Complete plans

for 16 cabins, vacation homes and other shelters. 105pp. 9 x 12. 23631-5 Pa. $4.50

HOW TO BUILD A WOOD-FRAME HOUSE, L.O. Anderson. Placement,

foundations, framing, sheathing, roof, insulation, plaster, finishing almost —
everything else. 179 illustrations. 223pp. 1% x WA. ' 22954-8 Pa. $5.50

THE MYSTERY OF A HANSOM CAB, Fergus W. Hume. Bizarre murder in a

hansom cab leads to engrossing investigation. Memorable characters, rich atmo-
sphere. 19th-century bestseller, still enjoyable, exciting. 256pp. b% x 8.
21956-9 Pa. $4.00

MANUAL OF TRADITIONAL WOOD CARVING, edited by Paul N. Hasluck.

Possibly the best book in English on the craft of wood carving. Practical
instructions, along with 1,146 working drawings and photographic illustrations,
1

x " 23489-4 Pa. $8.95

576pp. 9!4.

WHITTLING AND WOODCARVING, E J Tangerman. Best book on market;

clear, full. If you can cut a potato, you can carve toys, puzzles, chains, etc. Over 464
"
illustrations. 293pp. $% x m. 20965-2 Pa. $4.95

AMERICAN TRADEMARK DESIGNS, Barbara Baer Capitman. 732 marks, logos

and corporate-identity symbols. Categories include entertainment, heavy industry,
food and beverage. All black-and-white in standard forms. 160pp. 8^ x H.
23259-X Pa. $6.00

DECORATIVE FRAMES AND BORDERS, edited by Edmund V. Gillon, Jr.

Largest collection of borders and frames ever compiled for use of artists and
designers. Renaissance, neo-Greek, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, to mention only a few
styles. 396 illustrations. 192pp. $% x 1 VA. 22928-9 Pa. $6.00
 CATALOG OF DOVER BOOKS
SMOCKING: TECHNIQUE, PROJECTS, AND DESIGNS, Dianne Durand.
Foremost smocking designer provides complete instructions on how to smock.
Over 10 projects, over 100 illustrations. 56pp. 8K x 11. 23788-5 Pa. $2.00

AUDUBON'S BIRDS IN COLOR FOR DECOUPAGE, edited by Eleanor H.

Rawlings. 24 sheets, 37 most decorative birds, full color, on one side of paper.
Instructions, including work under glass. 56pp. 8M x H. 23492-4 Pa. $3.50

THE COMPLETE BOOK OF SILK SCREEN PRINTING PRODUCTION, J.I.

Biegeleisen. For commercial user, teacher in advanced classes, serious hobbyist.
Most modern techniques, materials, equipment for optimal results. 124 illus-
trations. 253pp. 5% x 8J1 21 100-2 Pa. $4.50

A TREASURY OF ART NOUVEAU DESIGN AND ORNAMENT, edited by

Carol Belanger Grafton. 577 designs for the practicing artist. Full-page, spots,
borders, bookplates by Klimt, Bradley, others. 144pp. 8% x 1 VA. 24001-0 Pa. $5.00

ART NOUVEAU TYPOGRAPHIC ORNAMENTS, Dan X. Solo. Over 800 Art

Nouveau florals, swirls, women, animals, borders, scrolls, wreaths; spots and
dingbats, copyright-free. 100pp. 8% x 11. 24366-4 Pa. $4.00

HAND SHADOWS TO BE THROWNUPON THE WALL, Henry Bursill.

Wonderful Victorian novelty tells how to make flying birds, dog, goose, deer, and 1
others, each explained by a full-page illustration. 32pp. 6% x 9M. 21779-5 Pa. $1.50

AUDUBON'S BIRDS OF AMERICA COLORING BOOK, John James Audubon.

Rendered for coloring by Paul Kennedy. 46 of Audubon's noted illustrations:
red-winged black-bird, cardinal, etc. Original plates reproduced in full-color on the
4

covers. Captions. 48pp. 8 i x 11. "

!
23049-X Pa. $2.25

SILK SCREEN TECHNIQUES, J.I. Biegeleisen, M.A. Cohn. Clear, practical,

modern, economical. Minimal equipment (self-built), materials, easy methods. For
amateur, hobbyist, 1st book. 141 illustrations. 185pp. 6% x 9M. 20433-2 Pa. $3.95

101 PATCHWORK PATTERNS, Ruby S. McKim. 101 beautiful, immediately

useable patterns, full-size, modern and traditional. Also general information,
estimating, quilt lore. 140 illustrations. 124pp. Tk x 10%. 20773-0 Pa. $3.50

READY-TO-USE FLORAL DESIGNS, Ed Sibbett, Jr. Over 100 floral designs

(most in three sizes) of popular individual blossoms as well as bouquets, sprays,
garlands. 64pp., px 11. 23976-4 Pa. $2.95

AMERICAN WILD FLOWERS COLORING BOOK, Paul Kennedy. Planned

coverage of 46 most important wildf lowers, from Rickett's collection; instructive as
well as entertaining. Color versions on covers. Captions. 48pp. 8'ixU.
20095-7 Pa. $2.25

CARVING DUCK DECOYS, Harry V. Shourds and Anthony Hillman. Detailed

instructions and templates for constructing 16 beautiful, marvelously
full-size
practical decoys according to time-honored South Jersey method. 70pp. 9M x 12^,
"
- 24083-5 Pa. $4.95

TRADITIONAL PATCHWORK PATTERNS, Carol Belanger Grafton. Card-

board cut-out pieces for use as templates to make 12 quilts: Buttercup, Ribbon
Border, Tree of Paradise, nine more. Full instructions. 57pp. S A x 1 1 l

23015-5 Pa. $3.50

 CATALOG OF DOVER BOOKS
25KITES THAT FLY, Leslie Hunt. Full, easy-to-follow instructions for kites
made from inexpensive materials. Many novelties. 70 illustrations. 10pp. 5% x 8& 1

22550-X Pa. $1.95

PIANO TUNING, J. Cree Fischer. Clearest, best book for beginner, amateur.
Simple repairs, raising dropped notes, tuning by easy method of flattened fifths. No
previous skills needed. 4 illustrations. 201pp. 5% x m. 23267-0 Pa. $3.50

EARLY AMERICAN IRON-ON TRANSFER PATTERNS, edited by Rita Weiss.

75 designs, borders, alphabets, from traditional American sources. 48pp. S% x 11.
23162-3 Pa. $1.95

CROCHETING EDGINGS; edited by Rita Weiss. Over 100 of the best designs for
these lovely trims for a host of household items. Complete instructions, illustra-
tions. 48pp. m
x 11 . 2403 1 -2 Pa. $2.00

FINGER PLAYS FOR NURSERY AND KINDERGARTEN, Emilie Poulsson. 18

finger plays with music (voice and piano); entertaining, instructive.Counting,
nature lore, etc. Victorian classic. 53 illustrations. 80pp. &A x 9A. 22588-7 Pa. $1.95

BOSTON THEN AND NOW, Peter Vanderwarker. Here in 59 side-by-side views

are photographic documentations of the city's past and present. 119 photographs.
Full captions. 122pp. 8tf x 1 1.
'

'
24312-5 Pa. $6.95

CROCHETING BEDSPREADS, edited by Rita Weiss. 22 patterns, originally

published in three instruction books 1939-41. 39 photos, 8 charts. Instructions.
48pp. 8Mxll. 23610-2 Pa. $2.00

HAWTHORNE ON PAINTING, Charles W. Hawthorne. Collected from notes

taken by students at famous Cape Cod School; hundreds of direct, personal apercus,
ideas, suggestions. 91pp. 5% x 8!4. 20653-X Pa. $2.50

THERMODYNAMICS, Enrico Fermi. A classic of modern science. Clear, organ-

ized treatment of systems, first and second laws, entropy, thermodynamic poten-
*
tials, etc. Calculus required. 160pp. b% x 8& 60361-X Pa. $4.00

TEN BOOKS ON ARCHITECTURE, Vitruvius. The most important book ever

written on architecture. Early Roman aesthetics, technology; classical orders, site
selection, all other aspects. Morgan translation. 331pp. 5% x 8& 20645-9 Pa. $5.50

THE CORNELL BREAD BOOK, Clive M. McCay and Jeanette B. McCay. Famed
high-protein recipe incorporated into breads, rolls, buns, coffee cakes, pizza, pie
crusts, more. Nearly 50 illustrations. 48pp. 814 x 1L 23995-0 Pa. $2.00

THE CRAFTSMAN'S HANDBOOK, Cennino Cennini. 15th-century handbook,

school of Giotto, explains applying gold, silver leaf; gesso; fresco painting,
~
grinding pigments, etc. 142pp. 6K x 9K. 20054-X Pa. $3.50

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT'S FALLINGWATER, Donald Hoffmann. Full story

of Wright's masterwork at Bear Run, Pa. 1 00 photographs of site, construction, and
details of completed structure. 1 12pp. 9M x 10. 23671-4 Pa. $6.50

OVAL STAINED GLASS PATTERN BOOK, C. Eaton. 60 new designs framed in

shape of an oval. Greater complexity, challenge with sinuous cats, birds, mandalas
framed in antique shape. 64pp. x 11. M ~ 24519-5 Pa. $3.50
 CATALOG OF DOVER BOOKS
THE MURDER BOOK OF J.G. REEDER, Edgar Wallace. Eight suspenseful
by bestselling mystery writer of 20s and 30s. Features the donnish Mr. J.G.
stories
Reeder of Public Prosecutor's Office. 128pp. 5% x m. (Available in U.S. only)
24374-~5 Pa. $3.50

ANNE ORR'S CHARTED DESIGNS, Anne Orr. Best designs by premier

needlework designer, all on charts: flowers, borders, birds, children, alphabets, etc.
Over 100 charts, 10 in color. Total of 40pp. 8W x 11. 23704-4 Pa. $2.25

BASIC CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR HOUSES AND SMALL

BUILDINGS SIMPLY EXPLAINED, U.S. Bureau of Naval Personnel. Grading,
masonry, woodworking, floor and wall framing, roof framing, plastering, tile
setting, much more. Over 675 illustrations. 568pp. &A x 9H. 20242-9 Pa. $8.95

MATISSE LINE DRAWINGS AND PRINTS, Henri Matisse. Representative

collection of female nudes, faces, still lifes, experimental works, from 1898 to
etc.,
1948. 50 illustrations. 48pp. 8% x WA. 23877-6 Pa. $2.50

HOW TO PLAY THE CHESS OPENINGS, Eugene Znosko-Borovsky. Clear,

profound examinations of just what each opening is intended to do and how
opponent can counter. Many sample games. 147pp. 5% x 8& 22795-2 Pa. $2.95

DUPLICATE BRIDGE, Alfred Sheinwold. Clear, thorough, easily followed

account: rules, etiquette, scoring, strategy, bidding; Goren's point-count system,
Blackwood and Gerber conventions, etc. 158pp. 5% x m. 22741-3 Pa. $3.00

SARGENT PORTRAIT DRAWINGS, J.S. Sargent. Collection of 42 portraits

reveals technical skill and intuitive eye of noted American portrait painter, John
Singer Sargent. 48pp. mx 1 \%,
*
24524-1 Pa. $2.95

ENTERTAINING SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS WITH EVERYDAY OBJECTS,

Martin Gardner. Over 100 experiments for youngsters. Will amuse, astonish, teach,
and entertain. Over 100 illustrations. 127pp. 5% x SVz. 24201-3 Pa. $2.50

TEDDY BEAR PAPER DOLLS IN FULL COLOR: A Family of Four Bears and
Their Costumes, Crystal Collins. A family of four Teddy Bear paper dolls and
nearly 60 cut-out costumes. Full color, printed one side only. 32pp. 9% x \2Vi.
24550-0 Pa. $3.50

NEW CALLIGRAPHIC ORNAMENTS AND FLOURISHES, Arthur Baker.

Unusual, multi-useable material: arrows, pointing hands, brackets and frames,
ovals, swirls, birds, etc. Nearly 700 illustrations. 80pp. 8% x \\yit
24095-9 Pa. $3.50

DINOSAUR DIORAMAS TO CUT 8c ASSEMBLE, M. Kalmenoff. Two complete

three-dimensional scenes in full color, with 31 cut-out animals and plants.
Excellent educational toy for youngsters. Instructions; 2 assembly diagrams. 32pp.
"
9K x 12%. 24541-1 Pa. $3.95

SILHOUETTES: A PICTORIAL ARCHIVE OF VARIED ILLUSTRATIONS,

edited by Carol Belanger Grafton. Over 600 silhouettes from the 18th to 20th
centuries. Profiles and full figures of men, women, children, birds, animals, groups
and scenes, nature, ships, an alphabet. 144pp. 8% x 1 VA. 23781-8 Pa. $4.50
 CATALOG OF DOVER BOOKS
READY-TO-USE BORDERS, Ted Menten. Both traditional and unusual inter-
changeable borders in a tremendous array of sizes, shapes, and styles. 32 plates.
64pp. 8 /4 x
l
11. -_ 23782-6 Pa. $2.95

THE WHOLE CRAFT OF SPINNING, Carol Kroll. Preparing fiber, drop

spindle, treadle wheel, other fibers, more. Highly creative, yet simple. 43 illus-
trations. 48pp. m
x 1 1. "
23968-3 Pa. $2.50

HIDDEN PICTURE PUZZLE COLORING BOOK, Anna Pomaska. 31 delightful

pictures to color with dozens of objects, people and animals hidden away to find.
Captions. Solutions. 48pp. x 11. m " *
23909-8 Pa. $2.25

QUILTING WITH STRIPS AND STRINGS, H. W. Rose. Quickest, easiest way to

turn left-over fabric into handsome quilt. 46 patchwork quilts; 31 full-size
templates. 48pp. 8V< x 11. 24357-5 Pa. $3.25

NATURAL DYES AND HOME DYEING, Rita J. Adrosko. Over 135 specific
recipes from historical sources for cotton, wool, other fabrics. Genuine premodern
handicrafts. 12 illustrations. 160pp. 5% x 8& 22688-3 Pa. $2.95

CARVING REALISTIC BIRDS, H.D. Green. Full-sized patterns, step-by-step

instructions for robins, jays, cardinals, finches, etc. 97 illustrations. 80pp ;

23484-3 Pa. $3.00

GEOMETRY, RELATIVITY AND THE FOURTH DIMENSION, Rudolf

Rucker. Exposition of fourth dimension, concepts of relativity as Flatland
characters continue adventures. Popular, easily followed yet accurate, profound.
'

141 illustrations. 133pp. 5% x 8& 23400-2 Pa. $2.75

READY-TO-USE SMALL FRAMES AND BORDERS, Carol B. Grafton. Graphic

message? Frame graphically with 373 new frames and
it borders in many
styles: Art Nouveau, Art Deco, Op Art. 64pp. S A x 11. l
24375-3 Pa. $2.95

CELTIC ART: THE METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION, George Bain. Simple

geometric techniques for making Celtic interlacements, spirals, Kellstype initials,
animals, humans, etc. Over 500 illustrations. 1 60pp. 9x12. (Available in U.S. only)
22923-8 Pa. $6.00

THE TALE OF TOM KITTEN, Beatrix Potter. Exciting text and all 27 vivid,
full-color illustrations to charming tale of naughty little Tom getting into mischief
again. 58pp. 4X x 5& 24502-0 Pa. $1.50

WOODEN PUZZLE TOYS, Ed Sibbett, Jr. Transfer patterns and instructions for
24 easy-to-do projects: fish, butterflies, cats, acrobats, Humpty Dumpty, 19 others.
48pp. S A x 23713-3 Pa. $2.50
l
ll.

MY FAMILY TREE WORKBOOK,

Rosemary A. Chorzempa. Enjoyable, easy-to-
use introduction to genealogy designed specially for children. Data pages plus text.
Instructive, educational, valuable. 64pp. &% x 1 L 24229-3 Pa. $2.25

Prices subject to change without notice.

Available at your book dealer or write for free catalog to Dept. GI, Dover
Publications, Inc., 31 East 2nd St. Mineola, N.Y. 1 1501. Dover publishes more than
175 books each year on science, elementary and advanced mathematics, biology,
music, art, literary history, social sciences and other areas.
 {continued from front flap)

.^srtriN Italian. (20806-0) $2.25

"^^r in Japanese (Revised Edition). (20807-9) $3.00
Say It in (Modern) Greek. (20813-3) $2.50 -

Say It in (Modern) Hebrew. (20805-2) $2.00

Say It in Norwegian. (20814-1) $2.25
Say It in Polish. (20808-7) $1.95
Say It in Portuguese (Brazilian Usage). (20809-5) $2.25
Say It in Portuguese (Continental Usage). (23676-5) $1.75
Say It In Russian (Revised Edition). (20810-9) $2.95
j^jcy-It-w Spanish. (20811-7) $1.75
Say It in'Swahili. (22792-8) $2.75
Say It in Swedish (Revised Edition). (20812-5) $2.50
Say It in Turkish. (20821-4) $2.50
Say It in Yiddish. (20815-X $2.25
Say it in English for Italian-Speaking People. (20816-8) $1.95
Say It in English for Spanish-Speaking People. (20802-8) $1.50

Paperbound unless otherwise indicated. Prices subject to change without

notice. Available atyour book dealer or write for free catalogues to Dept.
Languages, Dover Publications, Inc., 31 East 2nd Street, Mineola, N.Y.
1501. Please indicate field of interest. Each year Dover publishes over
1

200 books on fine art, music, crafts and needlework, antiques, languages,
literature, children's books, chess, cookery, nature, anthropology, sci-
ence, mathematics, and other areas.
Manufactured in the U.S.A.
 A FOUNDATION
DICTIONARY OF

B. G. ANPILOGOVA ARID OTHERS

Prepared by a team of topnotch Russian linguists and educators,
this book was specially designed for the English speaker who is
studying Russian. It consists of 3000 of the highest frequency Russian
words, carefully selected and analyzed according to submeanings. In
addition to lexical and grammatical data, it gives ready-made sen-
tences and phrases for each word (in both English and Russian),
illustrating exact idiomatic usage.

This dictionary is one of the handiest tools for a teacher, a beginner

or intermediate student in Russian studies. It is probably the only

high semantic-frequency list generally available for Russian, and
the only established list that provides all the words one should know
to have a basic, useable Russian vocabulary. All this material is
presented in sentence form, making it easy to learn.

Unabridged, unaltered republication. Formerly titled Essential Rus-

sian-English Dictionary, 178pp.5% x 8i/2 21860-0 Paperbound $1.35
.

A DOVER EDITION DESIGNED FOR YEARS OF USE!

We have made every effort to make this the best book possible. Our
paper is opaque, with minimal show-through; it will not discolor
or become brittle with age. Pages are sewn in signatures, in the
method traditionally used for the best books, and will not drop
out, as often happens with paperbacks held together with glue.
Books open flat for easy reference. The binding will not crack or
split. This is a permanent book.

ISBN 0-486-21-86 0- $4.50 in U.S.A.