CHAPTER 1: NUMBERS

1.1 Numbers up to 1 million

1 block 1 one

Group of 10 blocks 1 ten

Ahmad has 26 marbles.

How many tens and ones are in 26?
2 6
2 tens 6 ones

26 2 tens 6 ones
26 20 + 6

In words, we read and write it as twenty six.

When we group 10 tens together, we get 1 hundred.

How many hundreds, tens and ones are there in 241?

2 4 1

There are 2 hundreds, 4 tens and 1 one in 241.

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Look at these coins. The number on each coin shows its value.

1 One 10 Ten 100 Hundred

Let’s write 241 according to the place value of its digits.

Hundreds Tens Ones The place value of

10 10 a digit is determined by its
100 100 1 position in the number.
10 10 In 241, 4 is in tens place.
It has a value of 40.
2 4 1

241 + 4 tens + 1 ones

2 hundreds
200 + 40 + 1
In words, we read and write it as two hundred and forty one.

Identify hundreds, tens and ones in the following numbers and

complete the table.

Hundreds Tens Ones

1 71

139

589
2
Group of 10 hundreds 1 thousand 1 000
While writing
numbers, we leave a
100 100 100 100 100 space between hundreds
1 000
and thousands.
100 100 100 100 100

There are 3 254 students in Ali’s school.

3254

There are 3 thousands 2 hundreds 5 tens and 4 ones in the number 3 254.

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

1 000 1 000 10 10 10 1 1
100 100
10 10 1 1
1 000

3 2 5 4
Digit 3 is in the thousands place It has a value of 3 000
Digit 2 is in the hundreds place It has a value of 200
Digit 5 is in the tens place It has a value of 50
Digit 4 is in the ones place It has a value of 4

3 254 3 000 + 200 + 50 + 4

In words, we read and write it as three thousand, two hundred and fifty four.
There are three thousand, two hundred and fifty four students in Ali’s school.
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Can you read and write a number with 5 thousands 6 hundreds
2 tens and 4 ones?
5 thousands 6 hundreds 2 tens 4 ones

5624
5 624 5 000 + 600 + 20 + 4
In words: Five thousand, six hundred and twenty four
In figures: 5 624
The school library has 12 635 books.
Look at the place value chart.

Ten Thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

100 100 100 1 1 1
10 000 1 000 1 000 10 10 10
100 100 100 1 1

1 2 6 3 5
There are 1 ten thousands, 2 thousands, 6 hundreds, 3 tens and 5 ones.
12 635 10 000 + 2 000 + 600 + 30 + 5
In words: Twelve thousand, six hundred and thirty five
In figures: 12 635

Identify the place value of all digits in 93 465.

There are ten thousands, thousands, hundreds,
tens and ones.
93 465 90 000 + + 400 + +
4
 INK
Group of 10 ten thousands 100 000 TH How many
hundreds are in
10 000 10 000 10 000 100 000?

10 000 10 000 10 000 10 000 100 000

10 000 10 000 10 000

100 000 is written and read as one hundred thousand.

Identify the place value of each digit in number 215 678.
Hundred Ten Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
Thousands Thousands
2 1 5 6 7 8
215 678

2 hundred 1 ten 5 thousands 6 hundreds 7 tens 8 ones

thousands thousand
215 678 200 000 + 10 000 + 5 000 + 600 + 70 + 8
In words: Two hundred and fifteen thousand, six hundred and seventy eight.
In figures: 215 678
If we have 10 hundred thousands, we get 1 000 000.
100 000 100 000 100 000

100 000 100 000 100 000 100 000 1 000 000

100 000 100 000 100 000 1 000 000 is written and read as one million.
We will leave a second space between hundred thousands and millions.
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 Table shows distance between moon and earth in kilometres.
Can you read and write the number in words and figures?
Hundred
Millions Thousands Ten Ones
housands Thousands Hundreds Tens
3 4 5 1 9 8 2

There are 3 millions, 4 hundred thousands, 5 ten thousands, 1 thousand,

9 hundreds, 8 tens and 2 ones in this number.
We read and write it as:
In words: Three million, four hundred and fifty one thousand, nine hundred
and eighty two.
In figures: 3 451 982.

Let’s look at the place value of each digit in the number 3 451 982.
Digit 3 is in the millions place It has a value of 3 000 000.
Digit 4 is in the hundred thousands place It has a value of 400 000.
+ Digit 5 is in the ten thousands place It has a value of 50 000.
Digit 1 is in the thousands place It has a value of 1 000.
Digit 9 is in the hundreds place It has a value of 900.
Digit 8 is in the tens place It has a value of 80.
Digit 2 is in the ones place It has a value of 2.

3 451 982 3 000 000 +400 000 +50 000 +1 000 + 900 + 80 + 2

Writing a number as a sum of the place values of all

its digits is called expanded form of place the number.

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Identify the place value of all digits in 124 756.
There are hundred thousands, ten thousands,
thousands, hundreds, tens and ones.
Complete the place value table for 9 871 203 and write it in
expanded form.
Hundred Ten Hundreds Tens Ones
Millions Thousands housands Thousands

9 000 000 + + + +200 + 0 +

Write 935 432 in words.

Write five million, three hundred eighty two thousand, four hundred
and thirty three in figures.

Group of 10 millions 10 000 000

There are 25 450 605 people in a city.
Let’s write the number according to the place value of its digits.

Ten Hundred Ten

Millions Millions Thousands Thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

2 5 4 5 0 6 0 5

25 450 605 20 000 000 + 5 000 000 + 400 000 + 50 000 +

0 + 600 + 0 + 5
In words: Twenty five million, four hundred and fifty thousand, six hundred
and five.
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Group of 10 ten millions 100 millions 100 000 000
Let’s identify place value of each digit in the number 523 129 728.

Hundred Ten Hundred Ten Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

Millions Millions Millions
Thousands Thousands
5 2 3 1 2 9 7 2 8

There are 5 hundred millions, 2 ten millions, 3 millions, 1 hundred thousands,

2 ten thousands, 9 thousands, 7 hundreds, 2 tens and 8 ones.
523 129 728 500 000 000 + 20 000 000 + 3 000 000 + 100 000 +
20 000 + 9 000 + 700+ 20 + 8

Let’s read and write the number.

In words: Five hundred and twenty three million, one hundred and twenty nine
thousand, seven hundred and twenty eight.
In figures: 523 129 728

Complete the place value table for the number 182 246 342.
Hundred Ten Hundred Ten Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
Millions Millions Millions
Thousands Thousands
2 3

Write 182 246 342 in words.

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Exercise 1.1
ACTIVITY
Ahmad has some digit cards.
He can make different 5-digit numbers.
Write down any five numbers he can make.
7 5 2 9 8

1. Write the place value of underlined digits.

Hundred Ten Hundred Ten REMEMBER
Millions Millions Millions Thousands Thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
Digit: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8 and 9
a) 72 70 g) 9 991 324
are digits.
b) 367 h) 7 036 904 Place value: The
c) 2 397 i) 50 718 369 value of a digit is
determined by its
d) 8 910 j) 58 724 098 position in the
e) 47 613 k) 625 391 175 number.
f) 612 731 l) 709 020 168

2. Write each of the following number in words.

a) 63 Sixty three.
b) 415
c) 6 314
d) 19 412
e) 583 614
f) 2 444 719

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g) 33 690 132

h) 65 498 876

i) 390 790 080

3. Write the following numbers in figures.

a) Five hundred and forty three.

b) Nine thousand, two hundred and fifteen.

c) Seventy one thousand, two hundred and nine.

d) Nine hundred eighty one thousand, five hundred and sixty three.

e) One hundred thirty thousand, four hundred and twenty one.

f) Five hundred thirty two thousand, one hundred and one.

g) Seven million, five hundred seventy six thousand and fifty four.

h) Nine million, eight hundred six thousand, five hundred and eighty five.

i) Nineteen million, eight hundred seventy three thousand, five hundred

and twenty one.

j) Thirty one million, two hundred fifty six thousand, seven hundred and
twenty one.

k) Six hundred and fifty three million, two hundred and seventy two
thousand, four hundred and thirteen.

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4. In the number 845 296 000,
a) The digit is in the millions place.
b) The place value of the digit 8 is .
c) The place value of the digit 2 is .
d) The digit 9 is in the place.
e) The digit is in the thousands place.
5. Complete the following:
a) 5 814 5 000 + + 10 + 4
b) 12 718 10 000 + + 700+10 + 8
c) 2 303 820 + 300 000 + 3000 + + 20
d) 8 517 342 8 000 000 + +10 000 + + 300
+ 40 + 2
e) 6 532 171 + 500 000 + 30 000+ + 100
+ 70 +
f) 25 479 600 20 000 000 + +400 000 + 70 000
+ +600
g) 37 164 563 30 000 000 + +
+ 60 000 + 4 000 + + 60 + 3
h) 354 176 321 + + +
+ + + + +
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1.2 Number line

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ali and Sara are holding a number line.

The number line shows numbers from left to right in order from
smallest to greatest with equal spaces.
You can see that every number that appears on the right is greater than
all numbers on its left.
Let’s circle number 5 on the number line.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 is greater than every number that is on its left and 5 is smaller than every
number that is on its right.
Now, look at the number line below. Ahmad skips over 2 spaces to
go to 2.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Let’s find number 3 on the number line.

Since, number line shows numbers in order with equal spaces in between,
the line marked between 2 and 4 shows the number 3.
When we have to go to bigger numbers on the number line, we can always
skip over equal spaces.
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Identify number 5 on the following number line.

0 3 6 9 12 15

There are two

5 is one less than 6. vertical lines between
Count one step backward. 0 and 3, representing
5 is 2 more than 3. two more numbers
Count on two steps forward. 1 and 2.

Show 15, 20 and 30 on the number line.

To show these numbers we can draw any number line
that goes to at least 30. Let’s skip count by 5.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

We have represented all three numbers on the number line.

Represent 20, 40 and 50 on the following number line.

Identify the value of the number where the butterflies are sitting.

Since, numbers and the vertical lines on a number line are equally spaced,
one line between 0 and 10 means a 5.
The first butterfly is sitting at 15 .
The second butterfly is sitting at .
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Exercise 1.2
1. Draw the number lines and represent the following numbers.

a) 2, 4 and 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

b) 5, 10 and 15

c) 10 and 25

d) 4, 8 and 20

e) 20 and 40

f) 30, 40 and 60
2. Identify the value of the number where the frogs are sitting.
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

b)
0 10 20 30 40 50

c)
0 10 20 30 40 50

d)
0 8 16 24 32 40
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1.3 Comparing and ordering numbers
Ahmad has 22 toffees and Ali has 15 toffees. Who has more?

22 15
22 is greater than 15.
We can also compare numbers by comparing the digits in the highest place
value only. 2 is greater than 1. So, 22 is greater number than 15. We can also
write it as 22 > 15. So, Ahmad has more toffees.
When comparing numbers, we compare the digits in the highest place
value first. The number with greater digit in the highest place value is the
greater number.
Open side of Closed side of
crocodile’s crocodile’s
mouth faces mouth faces
greater number. smaller number.

Which number is greater, 198 or 328?

Let’s compare the digits in the highest place value.
3 hundreds is greater than 1 hundred. Hundreds Tens Ones
So, 328 is greater than 198.
1 9 8
We can also write it as 328 > 198. 3 2 8
Which number is smaller, 63 163 or 98 163?
Let’s compare the digits in the highest place value.
6 ten thousands is smaller than 9 ten Ten Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
Thousands
thousands. So, 63 163 is smaller than 6 3 1
98 163. We can also write it as: 9
63 163 > 98 163.
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Which number is greater, 47 453 111 or 88 445 622?
Ten Millions Hundred Ten Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
Millions Thousands Thousands
4 7 4 5 3 1 1 1
8 8 4 4 5 6 2 2

Let’s compare the digits in the highest place value.

8 ten millions > 4 ten millions. So, 88 445 622 > 47 453 111

Compare the numbers and write “ > ” or “ > ” in the middle.

4 369 3 863 234 569 613 679 23 187 345 91 207 400

Compare 7 198 and 7 283.

Let’s compare the digits in the highest place value.
Both numbers have 7 thousands. So, we move on Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
to next digit and we compare the hundreds. 1 > 2. 7 1 9 8
So, 7 198 > 7 283. 7 2 8

When comparing numbers, if the digits in the highest place value are same,
we continue to compare untill one of the digits is greater or smaller.

Which number is greater, 32 984 312 or 32 935 011?

Let’s compare the digits in the highest place value. Digits in ten millions place,
millions place and hundred thousands place are same in both numbers. So, we
compare digits in ten thousands place.
8 ten thousands > 3 ten thousands.
So, 32 984 312 > 32 935 011
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Compare the following numbers and write “ > ” or “ > ” in the middle.
12 432 12 489 87 456 611 87 011 328

Sara has 12 marbles and Anum has 9 marbles. Who has more?

12 9
12 > 9
12 is greater than 9. So, Sara has more number of marbles.
Which number is smaller, 1 219 or 325?
Let’s compare digits in the highest place value. Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
The number 325 has no thousands. 1 2 1 9
There are 0 thousands in 325. 0 3 2 5
Remember we can write as many zeroes as we want on the left side of a
number.
0 thousands is smaller than 1 thousands. So, 325 > 1 219.
Which number is greater, 1 324 660 or 32 100 789 ?
There are 0 ten millions in 1 324 660.
3 ten million > 0 ten million.
So, 32 100 789 > 1 324 660.

Compare the numbers and write “ > ” or “ > ” in the middle.

6 110 112 29 776 650 117

41 880 241 721 21 876 988 200 701

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Ordering numbers
There are four schools in a city with different number of students.
School A School B School C School D
9 000 7 500 2 800 3 000
Which school has the most number of students? Which school has
the least?
9 000 is the greatest number. School A has the most number of students.
2 800 is the smallest number. School C has the least number of students.
Can you order these numbers?
Let’s arrange the numbers from smallest to greatest.
Write smallest number first and greatest number at the end.
2 800 3 000 7 500 9 000
If we write the smallest number first and the greatest number at the end,
it is called increasing order or ascending order.

9 000

Ascending order 7 500

3 000
Descending order
2 800
We can also arrange the numbers from greatest to smallest.
Write the greatest number first and the smallest number at the end.
9 000 7 500 3 000 2 800
If we write the greatest number first and the smallest number at the end,
it is called decreasing order or descending order.
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Can you arrange the following numbers in ascending order?
56 248 910, 9 286 344 and 56 382 193
Ten Hundred Ten
Millions Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
Millions Thousands Thousands

Let’s start from the highest place value. 5 Ten millions > 0 ten millions. So,
9 286 344 is the smallest number.
Now, we compare 56 248 910 and 56 382 193.
Ten millions place is same and one millions place is also the same. So, we
move to hundred thousands place. 3 hundred thousands is greater than 2
hundred thousands.
So, 56 382 193 > 56 248 910
Let’s arrange these numbers in ascending order.
Write the smallest number first and the greatest number at the end.
9 286 344 56 248 910 56 382 193 INK
THWhat is the
greatest 8-digit
number?
Arrange these numbers in ascending order.
246 989 435 123 289 909

Arrange these numbers in descending order.

24 653 900 78 542 121 12 432 677

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Exercise 1.3
ACTIVITY
Ali has these cards.
1 5 3 9 4
What is the greatest number he can make?

1. Compare the numbers and write “ > ” or “ > ” in the middle.

REMEMBER
a) 345 1 806
Ascending order:
b) 6 890 6 017
If we write the smallest
c) 23 765 12 789 number first and the greatest
d) 11 345 13 345 number at the end, it is called
ascending order.
e) 132 302 432 411 Descending 0rder:
f) 2 645 789 3 942 000 If we write the greatest
k) 99 654 323 99 894 121 number first and the smallest
number at the end, it is called
l) 321 654 213 321 654 379 descending order.
2. Arrange the following numbers in ascending order.
a) 238 141 634

b) 6 157 3 164 2 157

c) 53 231 23 451 99 864

d) 846 123 914 675 871 452

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e) 1 423 431 6 153 540 6 879 892

f) 235 211 999 111 232 000 321 342 121

g) 25 432 419 999 123 156 100 234 456

3. Arrange the following numbers in descending order.

a) 238 141 634

b) 6 157 3 164 2 157

c) 85 205 12 285 99 000

d) 816 816 110 819 962 321

e) 3 171 623 5 000 701 3 762 189

f) 11 235 686 22 544 000 34 343 765

g) 34 125 131 99 123 200 248 156 000

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