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LEC 4 Phasor Extraction - Two Sample - Algorithm

This document discusses extracting phasors from AC voltage and current signals. It presents a two-sample algorithm to calculate the phasor representation (magnitude and phase angle) of a signal based on only two consecutive samples. The algorithm expresses the signal as the sum of a cosine and sine term. It then solves for the cosine and sine coefficients using the two sample values and the known sample interval and frequency. This allows determining the phasor magnitude and phase angle in terms of the two samples. Applications including power system protection devices are mentioned.

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Sherif Said
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45 views

LEC 4 Phasor Extraction - Two Sample - Algorithm

This document discusses extracting phasors from AC voltage and current signals. It presents a two-sample algorithm to calculate the phasor representation (magnitude and phase angle) of a signal based on only two consecutive samples. The algorithm expresses the signal as the sum of a cosine and sine term. It then solves for the cosine and sine coefficients using the two sample values and the known sample interval and frequency. This allows determining the phasor magnitude and phase angle in terms of the two samples. Applications including power system protection devices are mentioned.

Uploaded by

Sherif Said
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Extracting Phasors of AC voltage

and current Signals


Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

Voltage

100 V
70 V

time

𝜋
0 2
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

Voltage
𝑉1 𝑉2
100 V
70 V

time

𝑉1 = 100 𝑉 ∅1 = 0 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜋
𝑉2 = 70 𝑉 𝜋
0 2 ∅2 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑
2
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

Voltage
𝑉1 𝑉2
100 V
70 V

time

∅1 = 0 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑉1 = 100 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅1 )


𝜋
∅2 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑉2 = 70 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅2 )
2
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

Applications

• Phasor, impedance, calculation- based protection devices


need to obtaining the fundamental frequency components of
both measured voltages and currents such as distance relay
and fault locator.
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

Applications

• Third harmonic- based protection devices need to third


harmonic component.
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

∆𝑡 Interval between samples


𝑦(𝑡) The voltage or current signal 𝑦𝑘 = 𝑦(𝑘 ∆𝑡)
𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y 𝜃=𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡
The angle between samples
𝜔𝑜 The fundamental frequency rad/sec
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

Voltage
𝑉1 𝑉2
100 V
70 V

time

∅1 = 0 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑉1 = 100 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅1 )


𝜋
∅2 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑉2 = 70 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅2 )
2
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑌 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅)
𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑌 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡) cos(∅) + 𝑌 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑡) sin(∅)
𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑡)
𝑌𝐶 = 𝑌cos(∅) 𝑌𝑆 = 𝑌sin(∅)
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑌 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − ∅)
𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑌 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑡) cos(∅) + 𝑌 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑡) sin(∅)
𝑦𝑘 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡)
𝑌𝐶 = 𝑌cos(∅) 𝑌𝑆 = 𝑌sin(∅)
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

𝑦𝑘 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡)


𝑌𝐶 = 𝑌cos(∅) 𝑌𝑆 = 𝑌sin(∅)

𝑌= 2
𝑌𝐶 + 𝑌 𝑆 2 −1
𝑌𝑆
∅ = tan
𝑌
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples 𝑦2


𝑦1
𝑦0
𝑦−1
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

𝑦0
𝑦−1
𝑦𝑘 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡)
𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(−𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡)
𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(0) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(0) = 𝑌𝐶
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

𝑦0
𝑦−1
𝑦𝑘 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡)
𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(−𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡) 𝜃=✓
𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(0) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(0) = 𝑌𝐶
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

𝑦0
𝑦−1
𝑦𝑘 = 𝑌𝐶 cos(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜔𝑜 𝑘 ∆𝑡)
𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜃) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(−𝜃)
𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜃) + 𝑌𝑆 sin(−𝜃) 𝑦0


𝑦−1
𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃) − 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜃) 𝑦0


𝑦−1
𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶
𝑌𝐶 = 𝑦0
𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑦−1
𝑌𝑆 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)
Extracting Phasors of AC Voltage and Current Signals

𝑦𝑘 The 𝑘𝑡ℎ sample of the signal y

𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑦1 Three samples

𝑦−1 = 𝑌𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃) − 𝑌𝑆 sin(𝜃) 𝑦0


𝑦−1
𝑦0 = 𝑌𝐶
𝑌𝐶 = 𝑦0 𝑌= 𝑌𝐶 2 + 𝑌 𝑆 2
𝑦0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑦−1 𝑌
−1 𝑆
𝑌𝑆 = ∅ = tan
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃) 𝑌𝐶
Two Sample algorithm
Example
Compute the phasor of the following samples using the two sample
algorithm.
These samples are for 50 Hz signal sampled at 800 Hz.
Example
Compute the phasor of the following samples using the two sample
algorithm.
These samples are for 50 Hz signal sampled at 800 Hz.

Solution ∆𝑡 =
1
= 1.25 ∗ 10−3 𝑠𝑒𝑐
800
1 𝜋
𝜃 = 𝜔𝑜 ∆𝑡 = 2𝜋 ∗ 50 ∗ = 𝑟𝑎𝑑
800 8
180
sin 𝜃 = sin = 0.3826
8
180
cos 𝜃 = cos = 0.9238
8
𝑦−1 𝑦0 𝑌𝐶 = 𝑦0 =71.4

𝑦0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 −𝑦−1 71.4∗0.9238−45


𝑌𝑆 = = =54.78
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃) 0.3826
𝑌𝐶 =71.4 𝑌= 𝑌𝐶 2 + 𝑌𝑆 2 = 71.42 + 54.782 = 90

𝑌𝑆 = 54.78 −1 𝑌𝑆 −1 54.78
∅= tan = tan = 37.49°
𝑌𝐶 71.4
Try another two samples

𝑦−1 𝑦0

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