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Electrical Systems

Busway is a prefabricated electrical distribution system used in commercial and industrial buildings to distribute power. It consists of bus bars housed in a protective enclosure and can be easily reconfigured by adding or moving standard lengths. This allows electrical power to be supplied anywhere in a building more easily than running individual cables. The document also provides descriptions of other electrical distribution equipment used in buildings such as switchgear, panelboards, and substations.

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OSHIN BALASINGH
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19 views

Electrical Systems

Busway is a prefabricated electrical distribution system used in commercial and industrial buildings to distribute power. It consists of bus bars housed in a protective enclosure and can be easily reconfigured by adding or moving standard lengths. This allows electrical power to be supplied anywhere in a building more easily than running individual cables. The document also provides descriptions of other electrical distribution equipment used in buildings such as switchgear, panelboards, and substations.

Uploaded by

OSHIN BALASINGH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

Busway Purpose and Definition


•Busways are bar conductors of rectangular
cross section, which are assembled in a
sheet-metal trough.
•Commercial and industrial distribution systems
use several methods to transport electrical
energy.
•These methods may include heavy conductors
run in trays or conduit.
•Once installed, cable and conduit assemblies
are difficult to change.
•Busway is defined by the National Electrical
Manufacturers Association (NEMA) as a prefabricated
electrical distribution system consisting of bus bars in
a protective enclosure, including straight lengths,
fittings, devices, and accessories.
• Busway includes bus bars, an insulating and/or
support material, and a housing.
•Electrical power can be supplied to any area of a
building by connecting standard lengths of busway.
•It typically takes fewer man-hours to installer change
a busway system than cable and conduit assemblies.
•Busway is used in various applications
and can be found in industrial
installations as well as high-rise buildings.
•Busway used in industrial locations can
supply power to heavy equipment,
lighting, and air conditioning.
•Busway risers (vertical busway) can be
installed economically in a high-rise
building where it can be used to
distribute lighting and air conditioning
loads.
BUSBAR

•A electrical busbar is a set of thick strips of metals like


copper or aluminum that help in conducting electricity
within a switchboard, distribution board, substation, or
other electrical apparatus.
•Busbars may either be completely surrounded by
insulation or may be supported on insulators.
•They are protected from accidental contact with the
help of a metal enclosure or by elevation out of normal
reach.
Busbars are available in different forms
suiting different applications.
•Plain Electrical Busbars
•Punched Electrical Busbars
•Threaded Electrical Busbars
•These are available as either flat metallic
strips or hollow metallic tubes as both the
shapes allow higher heat dissipation
efficiency due to their high surface area to
cross-sectional area ratio.
•These shapes are also widely used in higher
current applications.
•A hollow busbar has better stiffness than a
solid rod, allowing for a greater span
between busbar supports in outdoor
switchyards.
•The size of a electrical busbar is an important
parameter and helps in determining the
maximum amount of current that can be safely
carried.
•Small distribution boards have busbars which
have a cross sectional area of as little as 10
mm², while large electrical substations may use
metal tubes of 50 mm in diameter (1,000 mm²)
or more.
Electrical Busbar Applications

•Telecommunications
•Railways
•UPS
•Large inverters
•Track lighting is a method of lighting where
light fixtures are attached anywhere on a
continuous track device which contains
electrical conductors.
• This is as opposed to the routing of
electrical wiring to individual light positions.
•Tracks can be mounted to ceilings or walls,
lengthwise down beams, or crosswise
across rafters or joists.
•They can also be hung with rods from
especially high places like vaulted ceilings.
•The advantage of a track lighting system is its versatility.
•The track layout can be expanded or reconfigured and
the light fixtures are easily and seamlessly moved
around.
•You can add more track, change the fixture types, and
point them in different directions.
•Track lighting is also a good secondary or backup lighting
for temporary living arrangements because they can be
installed and dismantled with minimum fuss and
interference with the formal electrical system.
Power handling equipment
Power-handling Equipment generally
consists of
•bare, weatherproof, or pre-assembled cables,
•direct-buried or raceway-installed underground
cables,
•transformers,
•switchboards,
•meters,
•distribution panels,
•large switches, and
•circuit breakers.
PANELBOARD
Panelboard is a single panel or group of panel
units designed for assembly in the form of a
single panel; including buses, automatic over
current devices, and are equipped with or
without switches for the control of light, heat, or
power circuits; designed to be placed in a cabinet
or cutout box placed in or against a wall or
partition and accessible only from the front
The Distribution Board
• The Distribution Board, refers to an equipment
which consists of bus bars, and possible switches,
fuse links and Automatic protective equipment,
bypass equipment, for connecting, controlling and
protecting a number of branch circuits fed from one
main circuit of a wiring installation in a building or
premises for easy and safe handling of incoming
power supply.
•These are, also used to protect the electrical
distribution system in turn, connected electrical
equipment from being damaged due to various
faults like short circuit, over load, earth leakage, etc.
Substations
•These are arrangements of transformers and switchgear
used to step down voltages and connect to or disconnect
from the mains.
•A master substation may be used to transform from
utility-company high voltage down to low voltage for
distribution.
•The load-center substation may be located outside the
building in an underground vault or on a surface pad.
•Where street space is limited, utilities sometimes permit
inside substations in the cellar of the customer adjacent to
the switchboard room.
•These inside vaults must comply with strict rules for
ventilation and drainage set by the utility, and access should
be available from the street through doors that are normally
locked.
Main board:
This is either connected to a distribution
transformer or the power company supply. It is also
called as power centre

It feeds from one or more of the following


•Motor control systems
•Distribution boards
•Large motors
Switchgear
•The service switches and main
distribution panelboard in large
buildings are usually assembled in a
specially designed steel frame housed
in a separate electrical equipment
room.
•The assembly is usually referred to as
switchgear for large power units and
switchboards for smaller assemblies.
Switchboards
•A switchboard is defined in the National Electrical Code
as a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels, on
which are mounted, on the face or back or both,
switches, over current and other protective devices,
buses, and usually instruments.
•Switchboards are generally accessible from the rear as
well as from the front and not intended to be installed
in cabinets.
•To divide the main current into smaller currents for
further distribution.
•To switch off each circuit separately if required.
•Not to overload the electrical cables, the fuse will blow
or the circuit breaker will switch off.
LAYOUT
Electrical Room Space Allocation:

Basement Electrical Room

•The basement electrical room houses the


transformer room, main switchboard, main
feeders and some distribution panels for the
basement mechanical components.
•The electrical room measures approximately 500
square feet and is shown in the green hatch
below.
Electrical Room at terrace

•The electrical room is primarily the elevator


shaft space, but there are panels that directly
fed from the basement to power the
predominantly mechanical penthouse.
•The elevator machine room is shown in green
below:

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