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Power System Protection Lecture 2 Annotated

I Understanding symmetrical and asymmetrical components is fundamental for power system engineers, as protective devices rely on both sequence components for accurate fault detection and clearance. I Symmetrical components simplify fault analysis by breaking down complex fault currents into three sets of balanced components: positive, negative, and zero sequence. The positive sequence represents balanced conditions, while the negative and zero sequences indicate system unbalance and ground faults. I During a three-phase fault, the fault currents are distributed between the symmetrical components as follows: positive sequence represents balanced fault conditions, negative sequence represents system unbalance due to the fault, and zero sequence indicates a ground fault.

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11 views

Power System Protection Lecture 2 Annotated

I Understanding symmetrical and asymmetrical components is fundamental for power system engineers, as protective devices rely on both sequence components for accurate fault detection and clearance. I Symmetrical components simplify fault analysis by breaking down complex fault currents into three sets of balanced components: positive, negative, and zero sequence. The positive sequence represents balanced conditions, while the negative and zero sequences indicate system unbalance and ground faults. I During a three-phase fault, the fault currents are distributed between the symmetrical components as follows: positive sequence represents balanced fault conditions, negative sequence represents system unbalance due to the fault, and zero sequence indicates a ground fault.

Uploaded by

JABER
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Power System Protection (ELG 7113)

Lecture 2

Dr. Javad Fattahi

Sep 11, 2023

Dr. Fattahi
Importance of Analyzing Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Components

Understanding the symmetrical and asymmetrical Symmetrical Components:


components of fault currents is fundamental for I Symmetrical components simplify fault
power system engineers. Protective devices rely on analysis in balanced and unbalanced systems.
both sequence components for accurate fault
detection and clearance. I They break down complex fault currents into
three sets of balanced components: positive,
I Positive Sequence: Represents balanced
negative, and zero sequence.
conditions, aiding in normal operation analysis.
I Positive sequence represents balanced
I Negative Sequence: Indicates system
conditions, while negative and zero sequences
unbalance, essential for identifying rotor faults
indicate system unbalance and ground faults.
in motors and generators.
I Zero Sequence: Detects ground faults and
evaluates system grounding.

Operator "a":

Dr. Fattahi
Symmetrical Components of a Three-Phase Fault

When analyzing a three-phase fault using Symmetrical Components of Phase Currents:


symmetrical components, the fault currents are
distributed as follows:
I Positive Sequence ( 1 ): Represents balanced
fault conditions.
I Negative Sequence ( 2 ): Represents a system
unbalance due to the fault.
I Zero Sequence ( 0 ): Indicates a ground fault.
These components help engineers understand the
nature of the fault and design appropriate protective
measures.

Dr. Fattahi
Symmetrical Components of a Three-Phase Fault

Note: Note:

Dr. Fattahi
Power System Fault

Conversion Between Phase and Symmetrical Example: The currents in a 3-phase unbalanced
Component Domains: system are:
The symmetrical components ( 0 , 1 , 2 ) can be
obtained from phase currents ( 0 , 1 , 2 ) using the 0 = (12 + 96); 1 = (12 912); 2 = ( 15 + 910)
following equation*s: A The phase sequence in abc. Calculate the zero,
1 positive and negative sequence components of the
0 = ( 0 + 1 + 2) currents.
3
1
1 ( 0 + 0 1 + 02 2 )
=
3
1 2
2 = ( 0 + 0 1 + 0 2)
3
The symmetrical components ( 0 , 1 , 2 ) can be
obtained from phase currents ( 0 , 1 , 2 ) using the
following matrix equation*s:
2 3 21 1 1 37 26 0 37
6 07 6
6 7 6 2 0 77 66 1 77
6 17 = 61 0
6 2 75 61 02 75 64 2 75
4 4 0
Where 0 = 4 9120 is the phase shift factor.

Dr. Fattahi
Power System Fault

Example: The sequence voltages in the A (red) Example: The zero and positive sequence
phase are as under: components of red phase are as under,
+0 = 100+; +1 = (200 9100)+; +2 = 100+. Find +00 = (05 90866) V; +10 = 2\0°V If the phase
the phase voltages +0 , +1 and +2 voltage +0 = 3\0°+, find the negative sequence
component of red phase and the phase voltages +1
and +2 . the currents.

Dr. Fattahi
Classification of Shunt Faults

Dr. Fattahi
Example of Phasor Diagram

Consider a fault occurring close to the distant end of a transmission line. Examining the phasor
diagram reveals that the voltage at the relay’s position during the fault is of lesser magnitude
compared to its value prior to the fault, and it is also lagging behind its pre-fault value. To maintain
clarity, the diagram displays only the voltage of phase a.

Dr. Fattahi
Voltages at the relay location during various faults

Dr. Fattahi

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