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Research 1
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Integrated Science Process
Skills (Part 1)
Describing Relationships
Between Variables

NORALA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Poblacion, Norala, South Cotabato
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Introductory Message
Research 1 for Grade 7 is a course in the Special Science Program designed to
equip learners with essential scientific attitudes and science process skills that will
prepare them in conducting science investigations. These skills include observing,
measuring, inferring, classifying, predicting, communicating, formulating research
problems, formulating hypothesis, defining and identifying variables, describing
relationships between variables, designing an investigation, experimenting and writing
simple scientific report. This simple science investigation shall be confined within the
school premises. This course provides an excellent groundwork or pre requisite
background for higher research work.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Research 7 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Integrated Science Process
Skills (Part 1): Describing Relationships Between Variables.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use your notebook in answering the exercises/activities.
2. Don’t forget to answer all the exercises/activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next activity.

If you encounter any problem or difficulty in answering the tasks, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher. Always remember that you are not alone.
I hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deeper understanding of the most relevant competencies. You can do it.

CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates understanding of the integrated science process skills such
as describing relationships of variables in research, developing scientific questions,
formulating hypotheses which are needed in planning an experiment.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner should be able to design simple science experiment using the identified
variables on a researchable problem.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

The learner should be able to explain the relationship between variables.. (SSP-
RS7-IPS-II-j–k-13)

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 What I Need to Know

The goal of the scientist is to have a more complete understanding of

nature. He learns this through reading, experimenting and interacting with
others. He gathers information from various sources to find solutions to
problems. The scientist uses varied procedures, techniques and devices in
conducting a scientific study.
At the end of the session, the learners should be able to
a. describe the different types of relationships between variables,
b. explain the relationships between variables.

What I Know

Direction: Read and understand the questions. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your notebook.

1. Which of the following refers to the statistical relationship between two

variables?
a. correlation c. non-linear
b. linear d. unrelated

2. What can we conclude when the correlation between two variables A and B is
exactly zero (0)?
a. As A goes down, B goes down c. As A goes up, B goes down
b. As A goes up, B goes up d. The 2 variables are unrelated.

3. Which of the following represents and explains the linear relationships

between variables on a scatter plot?
a. curved line c. straight line
b. diagonal line d. zigzag line

4. Which of the correlation is referred to when both of the variables change in the
same direction?
a. negative correlation c. neutral correlation
b. no correlation d. positive correlation

5. Which indicates a positive relationship?

a. A value greater than zero c. A value less than zero
b. A value of zero d. can’t be determined

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6. Which of the given graph represents non-linear relationship?

A B C D

For items 7–10, analyze the scatter plots for four data sets. Refer to the figures
below.

A B C D

7. Which data set appears to show a positive linear relationship between its two
variables?
a. A b. B c. C d. D

8. Which data set appears to show no relationship between its two variables?
a. A b. B c. C d. D

9. Which data set appears to show a nonlinear relationship between its two
variables?
a. A b. B c. C d. D

10. Which data set appears to show a negative linear relationship between its
two variables?
a. A b. B c. C d. D

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 Research 1
Lesson Integrated Science Process
Skills (Part 1): Describing
1 Relationships between
Variables

Learning Objectives:

a. describe the different types of relationships between variables,

b. explain the relationships between variables.

What’s In

Activity 1: Forget Me Not

Direction: The activity below involves the different elements of a good research
question. Match the descriptions in column A with the words/terms in
column B. Write the letter of your answer in your notebook.

Column A Column B
1. Something that you can do A. Specific
2. Right time B. Measurable
3. Not a fishing expedition C. Attainable
4. Testable D. Realistic
5. Actually representing what is natural/existing E. Timely

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 What’s New

Activity 2: Figure it Out

Direction: Study the table below. It is a record of the temperature changes
when energy is supplied to a given amount of water in a container for 8 minutes.
The initial temperature is 270C.

Table 1
Time In (min) Temperature (0C)
0 27
1 30
2 41
3 52
4 64
5 75
6 87
7 98
8 100

Question:

1. What are the variables considered in this activity?

2. What is the highest temperature recorded?
3. What happens to the temperature of the water as the time increases?

Note that with the data table used above, you can easily figure out or see
at a glance the increase in the water temperature at any given time.
Now, try to study and analyze the graph of the data from table 1 above.

Figure 1 Graph of temperature vs time

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Questions:
4. How does the graph look like?
5. What does this line mean?

The line graph shows that the water’s temperature changes when energy was
supplied for a given period of time. You have noticed that the water’s
temperature steadily rose as shown by the line, slanting upward.

From both analysis, it is very clear that as time increases, water’s

temperature also increases, both variables are increasing.

What is It

The success of any scientific research depends largely on the scientist’s

ability to control variables and to describe the relationships between them.

How do we describe relationship between variables? What are these

relationships? There are different types of relationships between variables.

There are different types of relationship between variables. These are the
linear relationships, unrelated relationship, and nonlinear relationship.

1. Linear relationship means that you can represent the relationship

between two sets of variables with a line. In linear relationships, any given
change in an independent variable will always produce a corresponding change
in the dependent variable. In other words, a linear line on a graph is where you
can see a straight line with no curves. Linear relationship can either be positive
or negative relationship.

The statistical relationship between two variables is referred to as their

correlation. Correlation means association- more precisely it is a measure of
the extent to which variables are related. There are three possible results of a
correlational study: a positive correlation, a negative correlation, and
neutral/zero correlation.

A positive correlation, a relationship between two variables in which

both variables move in the same direction or if one variable increase, the other
one also increases. It may also exist as one decrease, the other one decrease. An
example of positive correlation would be height and weight. Taller people tend to
be heavier. The graph above represents positive correlation.

A negative correlation is a relationship between two variables in which

an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other or vice
versa. In other words, the variables move in inverse or opposite directions. An

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example of this would be the weight of the fat man and speed in walking. Fat
man (heavier) tends to walk slower.

What is the good way to show relationship between variables?

A correlation can be expressed visually. This is done by drawing a scatter

gram (also known as a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, or scatter
diagram). A scatter gram is a graphical display that shows the relationships or
associations between two numerical variables (or co-variables), which are
represented as points (or dots) for each pair of score. A scatter graph indicates
the strength and direction of the correlation between the co-variables.

When you draw a scatter gram it doesn't matter which variable goes on the x-
axis and which goes on the y-axis.

2. Correlation can also be neutral or zero, meaning the variables are unrelated
or there is no relationship in the change of the variables. Unrelated relationship
has no systematic relationship; changes in one variable simply are not related to
the changes in the other variable.

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3. Nonlinear relationship is a type of relationship between two entities in
which change in one entity does not correspond with constant change in
other entity. A curve graph shows a nonlinear relationship, where one
variable changes by inconsistent amounts as you increase the other
variable.
A nonlinear does not create a straight line but instead creates a curve.

What’s More

Activity 3: Letter Perfect

Direction: Fill in the lines with letters to show the correct term given the clues
below. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. S _ _ T T E _ G R _ M
- is a graphical display that shows the relationships or associations
between two numerical variables
2. N _ G _ T I V _ C _ _ R E _ AT _ _ N
- the variables move in inverse or opposite directions
3. U N _ E L A _ _ D
- it has no systematic relationship
4. _ O _ _ T I V _ C O _ _ E L A T I _ N
- a relationship between two variables in which both variables move in
the same direction or if one variable increase, the other one also
increases.
5. C O _ _ E _ _ T I O _
- it means association.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 4 : Name Names

Direction:
Analyze the scatter graphs/diagrams below. Differentiate the different
illustrations below. Identify whether it is linear, nonlinear or unrelated. If it is
linear, tell whether it is positive or negative.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5 6

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 7 8

9 10

Assessment

Direction: Read and understand the questions. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your notebook.

1. Which of the correlation is referred to when both of the variables change in the
same direction?
a. negative correlation c. neutral correlation
b. no correlation d. positive correlation

2. Which indicates a positive relationship?

a. A value greater than zero c. A value less than zero
b. A value of zero d. can’t be determined

3. Which of the following refers to the statistical relationship between two

variables?
a. correlation c. non-linear
b. linear d. unrelated

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For items 4–7, analyze the scatter plots for four data sets. Refer to the figures
below.

A B C D

4. Which data set appears to show a positive linear relationship between its two
variables?
a. A b. B c. C d. D

5. Which data set appears to show no relationship between its two variables?
a. A b. B c. C d. D

6. Which data set appears to show a nonlinear relationship between its two
variables?
a. A b. B c. C d. D

7. Which data set appears to show a negative linear relationship between its
two variables?
a. A b. B c. C d. D

8. What can we conclude when the correlation between two variables A and B is
exactly zero (0)?
a. As A goes down, B goes down c. As A goes up, B goes down
b. As A goes up, B goes up d. The 2 variables are unrelated.

9. Which of the following represents and explains the linear relationships

between variables on a scatter plot?
a. curved line c. straight line
b. diagonal line d. zigzag line

10. Which of the given graph represents non-linear relationship?

A B C D

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Activity 4: Name names
1. linear – positive
2. linear – negative
3. linear – positive
4. nonlinear
5. unrelated
6. linear – positive
7. nonlinear
8. linear – negative
Activity 2: Figure it Out 9. unrelated
10. linear - negative
Questions
1. Time and temperature
2. 1000C Activity 3: Letter Perfect
3. Temperature increases 1. scatter gram
4. Straight line (diagonal) 2. negative correlation
5. As time increases, temperature also 3. unrelated
increases 4. positive correlation
5. correlation
Activity 1: Forget Me Not
What I Know
1. D
1. A 6. D
2. E
2. D 7. A
3. A
3. C 8. D
4. B
4. D 9. C
5. D
5. A 10. B
Answer Key
References
BOOKS
Albarico, Joni M, Avasar, Ruel G, Castor, Lucila G, (2010), Teaching guide in
Integrated Science pp. 11-13
Amasol, Teresita A, Balce, Marina, Galvez, Elvira & Lozano, Lourdes F., (2003),
Science & Technology for the Future 1 pp.13-15
Bayquen, Aristea V, Darvin-Faraon, Genevieve, Ferriols-Pavico, Josefina Ma, &
Silverio, Angelina A, Ramos, John Donnie A (Author-Coordinator) (2013),
Exploring Life Through Science Series pp. 33-40
Lastimado, Arturo V, Sabido, Gemma T & Tanora, Vicentius Invictus M, (2005),
Science & Technology 1 Integrated Science pp. 8-9
Mangubat, Ma. Carmina R, Rasalan, Elizabeth S (Author/Coordinator) (2005),
Integrated Science Laboratory Manual and Workbook pp. viii-x, 27-30
Rabago, Lilia M, Ph.D., Joaquin, Cresencia C, Ph.D, Ferrer, Diana L, Intong,
Mona Lisa A, Mingoa, Thelma R,(1997), Science and Technology General
Science Textbook for First Year pp. 316-318
(2006,2009), Integrated Science – Science & Technology for First Year p. 10

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

LAARNI A. PABIONA ELMER B. BILLANES

Subject Teacher SS Principal II
09998890108

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