‘Types of cylindrical worms Depending upon the form of thread profile, worms are classified into four types, ie. ZA, ZN, Z/ andZK. The selection of appropriate profile is usually determined by economics of ture. The working properties ate not xo much governed by 4 profile, since the shape of worm wheel hob must match m profile perfectly. A standard axial module i usually chosen. A standard normal module ischosen only when the method ‘of manufacturing both the worm and worm whcel favours it ‘Worm thread is straight sided in the axial section (Fig, 69) ‘Thread profile in transverse plane is an Archimedian spiral therefore these wormsare also called Spiral worms. The standard fis taken inthe axial plane. The tooth Nank profile neo, om (WORM GEARING ~” ‘obtained when a traperoidal turning too i applied with its root ‘uttng edge parallel to the worm axis and the plane containing the cutting edges includes worm axis. straight sided in the normal section (Fig. 70) standard pesurcangle taken the normal plane The oth ‘res obtained by tiling tring wolf apecoial poi by Ife mean ead ange aout line asymmetry such that ie of sree gamer rong the worm axe and sperpendelr ft Por oer modes of manulacture let Fig 70. ‘Worm threads an involute curve in the transverse section (Fig. 11), These worms ate alsoknownas Involuteheicoid worms. The worm isin ef ical gear with high helix angle and a low umber of teeth The straight generator is tangential othe involute" wonm GEARING base oylinder about the worm axis. The standard pressure angle is ken in the normal plane. The tooth profile fs obtained when a pezoidal turnin tool is applied with its cutting edges lying in Plane parallel to the worm axis, ether above or below the worm ‘bis ISI has standardised on this profile, Worm thread is produced by dise type rotary tool having sraight sided profile in the axial plane (Fig. 72). The standard pressure angle is taken in the normal plane. The tooth lank profile ‘obtained when the tool is swivelled by the mean lead angle about the line of symmetry of the trapezoidal tection such that ths line of ‘symmetry passes through the worm axis and is penpendicular tot. Flanks of ZA, ZN ana wormshave straight side in one plane oF the other, simplifying the profile inspection and permiting ‘machining in alathe by straight sided tools, although only ZN worm allows good tool geometry and cutting conditions, irespective of lead angle. Dise type miling cutter or grinding wheel requires ‘curved profile for producing these worms. On the other hand, in the case of ZK worms, these tools havea straight generating line, But ‘the worm profile is ot straight sdedin any section. Thusitiseasy to ‘Benerate and inspect the tool proile but tis difficult to inspect the WORM GEARING an thread profile of finished worm, For lead angles less than 6° the profile (ZK) of worm produced by using a large grinding wheel with ‘wapezoidal profile closely approximates Z/ profile ‘The shape of worm thread defines the tooth profile of worm wheel. The worm wheel is simply a gear clement formed to be conjugate to the specified worm thread. Worm wheels are cut on hhobbing machines and the hob is essentially a duplicate of mating worm except that it varies in tooth thickness and height to get ‘proper root clearance and backlash in the mesh In the case of mall fot production, worm wheels are machined by y-cuters. ZN type ‘worm profile again allows good and simple tool geometry of fy Zi worms can be manufactured with high precision. These worms can be accurately ground by the flat surface ofthe dish type wheel on a special grinding machine. This requirement of Specialised manufacturing equipment has come in the way of ‘wide-spread.use of 1 worms. This isalso the reaton why ZK profil is preferred as against Z/ profile. Inmany applications of worm gearing, itis neither necessary to harden and grind the worm, nor does the batch size justify the expense of special worm hob. In such cases, itis sufficient to finish ‘machine the worm on alathe with a single point tool and to machine the worm wheel on ahobbing machine withaflycuter.Insuch cases ZN worm tooth form s advantageous from the pot of view of too! ‘esign.