Experiment-2

Partial Differential Equations I

Laplace and Poisson Equations

LAPLACE EQUATION

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1. Consider a 40 cm × 40 cm metallic square plate with its edges kept at constant temper-
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atures as shown in the figure above:

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(a) Compute the temperature distribution across the plates taking ∆x = ∆y = 10 cm

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and display your results as a matrix as shown in the figure above.

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(b) Take ∆x = ∆y = 1 cm and depict the temperature distribution across the plate
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using contour plot.

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(c) Repeat both the above parts if the lower edge of the given plate is insulated. Display
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your results as a matrix as shown in the figure below.

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1
2. Solve the following for potential distribution in the given region:

∇2 V (x, y) = 0, 0 ≤ x, y ≤ 1

with the boundary conditions V (x, 1) = 45x(1 − x), V (x, 0) = V (0, y) = V (1, y) = 0.
Make a contour plot of the computed potential distribution.
Employ ∆x = ∆y = 0.1

3. A steel plate is of size 15 cm × 15 cm with two of its adjacent sides kept at 100o C and
the other two sides held at 0o C.

(a) Compute the temperature distribution in the interior of the plate at 16 equally
spaced points. Display your result as a matrix.
(b) Repeat the above problem if one of the edges of the plate at 0o C is insulated.
(c) Make a contour plot of the temperature distributions in the above cases.

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POISSON EQUATION

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4. Solve: uxx + uyy = −10(x2 + y 2 + 10) in the domain shown in the figure above and display
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your result as a matrix.

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5. Solve ∇2 V (x, y) = x(y − 1), 0 ≤ x, y ≤ 1 with the boundary conditions V (x, 0) =

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0 V, V (x, 1) = 20 V, V (0, y) = −10 V, V (1, y) = 10 V .

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Make a contour plot of the potential distribution using ∆x = ∆y = 0.1

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6. Use Poisson’s equation to compute the electric potential over a unit square (1 × 1)
plate with zero voltage at the edges and point charge sources of ρv / (0.7, 0.7) = 1
and ρv / (0.3, 0.3) = 1.
Employ ∆x = ∆y = 0.1 cm.
Display your results as a matrix and also as a contour plot.

2
 MP ASSIGNMENT - 2
SOURCE CODES
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def laplace(Lx,Ly,dx,dy,lower_boundary,left_boundary,right_boundary,upper_boundary):
x = np.arange(0, Lx+dx, dx)
y = np.arange(0, Ly+dy, dy)
m,n = np.meshgrid(x,y)
nx = len(x)
ny = len(y)
A = np.zeros([nx*ny,ny*nx])
B = np.zeros(nx*ny)
X = np.zeros(nx*ny)
B[0:nx] = lower_boundary
B[nx:nx*ny-nx:nx] = left_boundary
B[2*nx-1:nx*ny:nx] = right_boundary
B[-1:-nx-1:-1] = upper_boundary
for i in range(0,nx*ny):
A[i,i] = 1
for k in range(nx+1,nx*ny-nx-1):
A[k,k] = -4
A[k,k+1] = 1
A[k,k-1] = 1
A[k,k+nx] = 1
A[k,k-nx] = 1
for j in range(nx,nx*ny-nx,nx):
A[j,:] = 0
A[j-1,:] = 0
A[j,j] = 1
A[j-1,j-1] = 1
Xr = np.linalg.solve(A,B)
X = Xr.reshape(ny,nx)
return m,n,X
def laplace_derivative(Lx,Ly,dx,dy,lower_boundary,left_boundary,right_boundary,upper_boundary):
x = np.arange(0, Lx+dx, dx)
y = np.arange(0, Ly+dy, dy)
m,n = np.meshgrid(x,y)
nx = len(x)
ny = len(y)
A = np.zeros([nx*ny,ny*nx])
B = np.zeros(nx*ny)
B[nx-1:nx*ny-nx:nx] = right_boundary
B[0:nx*ny:nx] = left_boundary
B[-1:-nx-1:-1] = upper_boundary
for i in range(0,nx*ny):
 A[i,i] = 1
for i in range(1,nx-1):
A[i,i] = -4
A[i,i+1] = 1
A[i,i-1] = 1
A[i,i+nx] = 2
for k in range(nx+1,nx*ny-nx-1):
A[k,k] = -4
A[k,k+1] = 1
A[k,k-1] = 1
A[k,k+nx] = 1
A[k,k-nx] = 1
for j in range(nx,nx*ny-2,nx):
A[j,:] = 0
A[j-1,:] = 0
A[j,j] = 1
A[j-1,j-1] = 1
X = np.linalg.solve(A,B)
X = np.reshape(X,(ny,nx))
return m,n,X
def poisson(f,Lx,Ly,dx,dy,lower,left,right,upper):
x = np.arange(0,Lx+dx,dx)
y = np.arange(0,Ly+dy,dy)
nx = len(x)
ny = len(y)
B = np.zeros(nx*ny)
A = np.zeros([nx*ny,nx*ny])
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
for i in range(1,nx):
for j in range(1,ny):
k = nx*j + i
B[k] = dx**2*f(np.round(X[i,j],5),np.round(Y[i,j],5))
B[0:nx] = lower
B[nx:nx*ny-nx:nx] = right
B[2*nx-1:nx*ny:nx] = left
B[-1:-nx-1:-1] = upper
# print(B.reshape(ny,nx))
for i in range(0 , nx*ny):
A[i,i] = 1
for i in range(nx+1,nx*ny-nx-1,1):
A[i,i] = -4
A[i,i+1] = 1
A[i,i-1] = 1
A[i,i+nx] = 1
 A[i,i-nx] = 1
for i in range(nx,nx*ny-nx,nx):
A[i,:] = 0
A[i,i] = 1
A[i-1,:] = 0
A[i-1,i-1] = 1
Xs = np.linalg.solve(A,B)
return X,Y,Xs.reshape(ny,nx)
SOLUTION 1
from pde_MP import laplace,laplace_derivative
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.4, top=0.85)
fig. suptitle("Temperature Distribution", fontsize=15)

# for dx = dy = 10
x,y,X = laplace(40, 40, 10, 10,0,75,50,100)
plt.subplot(2,2,1)
plt.contourf(x,y,X,cmap="YlOrRd")
plt.xlabel('Along x-axis')
plt.ylabel("Along y-axis")
plt.title("dx=dy=10cm")

# for dx = dy = 1
x,y,X= laplace(40,40,1,1,0,75,50,100)
plt.subplot(2,2,2)
plt.contourf(x,y,X,cmap = 'YlOrRd')
plt.title("dx=dy=1cm")
plt.xlabel('Along x-axis')
plt.ylabel("Along y-axis")

# for insulated lower plate(dx = dy = 10 cm)

x,y,X = laplace_derivative(40, 40, 10, 10,0,75,50,100)
plt.subplot(2,2,3)
plt.contourf(x,y,X,cmap = 'YlOrRd')
plt.title("Insulated(dx=dy=10cm)")
plt.xlabel('Along x-axis')
plt.ylabel("Along y-axis")

# for insulated plate(dx = dy = 1 cm)

x,y,X = laplace_derivative(40, 40, 1, 1,0,75,50,100)
plt.subplot(2,2,4)
plt.contourf(x,y,X,cmap = 'YlOrRd')
plt.title("Insulated(dx=dy=1cm)")
plt.xlabel('Along x-axis')
plt.ylabel("Along y-axis")
plt.tight_layout()
PLOT

SOLUTION 2 PLOT
import numpy as np
from pde_MP import laplace
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0,1.1,0.1)
f = np.empty(len(x))
for i in range(len(x)):
f[i] = 45*x[i]*(1-x[i])
x,y,X = laplace(1,1,0.1,0.1,0,0,0,f)
plt.contourf(x,y,X,cmap = "Blues")
plt.colorbar()
plt.xlabel("X-axis")
plt.ylabel("Y-axis")
plt.title("Potential distribution")

SOLUTION 3
from pde_MP import laplace,laplace_derivative
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
fig = plt.figure()
fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.4, top=0.85)
fig. suptitle("Temperature Distribution", fontsize=12)

x,y,X = laplace(15,15,1,1,0,100,0,100)
np.set_printoptions(linewidth = 200,precision=3)
print("X = \n",X)
PLOTS
plt.subplot(1,2,1)
plt.contourf(x,y,X,cmap = "YlOrRd")
plt.colorbar()
plt.xlabel('Along x-axis')
plt.ylabel("Along y-axis")
plt.title('')

x,y,X = laplace_derivative(15, 15, 1, 1,

0, 100, 0, 100)
plt.subplot(1,2,2)
plt.contourf(x,y,X,cmap='YlOrRd')
plt.colorbar()
plt.xlabel('Along x-axis')
plt.ylabel("Along y-axis")
plt.tight_layout()
CONSOLE OUTPUT

SOLUTION 4
from pde_MP import poisson

def f(x,y):
return (-10*(x**2+y**2+10)) CONSOLE OUTPUT
x,y,X = poisson(f, 3, 3, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)
print("X = ",X)
SOLUTION 5 PLOT
from pde_MP import poisson
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def f(x,y):
return (x*(y-1))

x,y,X = poisson(f, 1, 1, 0.1, 0.1, 0, -10, 10, 20)

plt.contourf(x,y,X,cmap = "Blues")
plt.xlabel("x-axis")
plt.ylabel('y-axis')
plt.title("Potential distribution")
plt.colorbar()

SOLUTION 6 PLOT
from pde_MP import poisson
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def f(x,y):
if (x,y) in [(0.3,0.3) ,(0.7,0.7)]:
return 1
else:
return 0

x,y,X = poisson(f,1,1,0.1,0.1,0,0,0,0)
plt.contourf(x,y,X,cmap = "winter")
plt.colorbar()