Mathematical Progression Chapter 03

Arithmetic Progression: An arithmetic progression, or AP, is a sequence where each new term
after the first is obtained by adding a constant d, called the common difference, to the
preceding term. If the first term of the sequence is a1 then the arithmetic progression is
 a1, a1+d, a2+d, a3+d, a4+d, … , d = a2 – a1
 or, a1+d, a1+2d, a1+3d, a1+4d, ...
Formula:
( )
th
Example: Find 8 term when first term is 10 and common difference is 5.

Example: Calculate 6th and 11th term of a series which starts at 7 and has a common difference of 6

Example: The first two numbers in an A.P are 6 and 4. What is 81 st term?

Example: Ali Intends to start saving in July 2022. He will set aside Rs. 5000 in the first month and
increase this by Rs. 300 in each of the subsequent month. How much will he set aside in March 2023?
(7400)
Sum of Terms in A.P:
 ( ( ) )
 ( )
Example: What is the sum of first 19 terms if series starts at 16 with common difference of -6?
(-722)
Example: Solve for n. when first terms is 10 and series has a common difference of 2. Series also
produces a sum of 252. (12)
Example: Ahmad set aside Rs. 1000 in the first month, 1100 in the second, 1200 in the third and so on.
How many months will it take to save Rs. 9100? (7)
Example: A Company is funding a major expansion which will take place over a period of 18 months. It
will commit Rs. 100,000 to the project in first month followed by a series of monthly
payments increasing by Rs. 10,000 per month. Find total investment and monthly payment in
the last month of the project.

 Find sum of all270,000)

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 Mathematical Progression Chapter 03

Practice Question 1: A firm agrees to hire an employee at the pay of Rs. 65000/month. Annual increase
would be 78000. However the firm does not agree to increase the salary when it reaches Rs.
1638000 per year. How long would it take the employee to exhaust his increment?

Sol. Annual salary = 65000 x 12 = 780,000

Practice Question 2: Kane Williamson has opted for a loan from the bank. In his 10 th installment he
paid Rs. 25000 and in 15th he paid Rs. 30,000. How much he paid in first month? How much
installments would it reach until it does not exceed Rs. 72000 per month?
Sol. ( )
( )
Similarly ( )
Solving simultaneously and d = 1000
To find n again using formula ( )
72000 = 16000 + (n – 1)1000
n = 57 months
Practice Question 3: Mr. Bajaj annual installment for the loan taken increases by the same amount
every year. At his fourth installment he has to pay Rs. 3700. In his thirteenth, he has to pay Rs.
6400. How much he has to pay in his twentieth installment? Find the total amount he paid.
Sol. 3700 = + 3d
6400 = + 12d
So, = 2800 and d = 300
Finally, = 2800 + 19(300) = 8500
And S = 113,000

Practice Question 4: Mr. Sohail has a salary scale of [1500 – 360 – 80,000]. Find the amount of salary
received at the end of 4 years and 10 moths.
Sol. Salary received in year 1 = 1500 x 12 = 18000
Salary received in year 2 = 1860 x 12 = 22320
Salary received in year 3 = 2220 x 12 = 26640
Salary received in year 4 = 2580 x 12 = 30960
Salary received in year 5 = 2940 x 10 = 29400
Total Amount Received = 127320

Practice Question 5: Divide 25 into 5 parts in A.P such that first and last terms are in the ratio 2: 3. Find
the series.
Practice Question 6:
Sami borrowed a loan of Rs 11,000 with the condition that the repayments will be made in
seven annual installments. The first and the last installments will be equal to each other and the

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 Mathematical Progression Chapter 03

first six installments will be in arithmetic progression. If common difference between first six
installments is Rs 500. Compute fifth installment.

Sol. Sum of first 6 installments + 7th installment = 11000

Geo-metric Progression:
A geometric progression, or GP, is a sequence where each new term after the first is obtained
by multiplying the preceding term by a constant r, called the common ratio.
 ,r=

Formulae:

( )
 , when r > 1
( )
 , when r < 1
 , when terms are infinite and r < 1
Remember:

Example 1: What is the 9th term and their sum if series starts from 3 and have a common ratio of 2.
(768, 1533)

Example 2: What is 9th term and their sum if series starts at 100 and having a common ratio of ½.
(0.3906, 199.609)
th
Example 3: Find 10 term of the series 5, 10, 20……, and their sum. (2560, 5115)

Example 4: Find Sum of (1)

Example 5: Mr. Kashif is planning for a loan from Bank. Installment increases 25% every year. If
installment starting in 2020 is Rs. 4000. What would be the installment in year 2027?
(19073.6)

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 Mathematical Progression Chapter 03

Example 6: A Company earns a profit of Rs. 75000 in its first year. In the second year it made Rs.
86250. If profit continues to grow in geometric progression, what will be the profit in its 4th
year? What will be the total earned profit?
(114065.62, 374500)

Think Yourself:
 Find the value of 𝑥 such that 𝑥+3, 2𝑥+11, 2𝑥+41 are in G.P.
 Sum of a G.P. is 175, if the total number of terms is 3 and common ratio is 2
compute the value of first term

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