CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

COMPARITIVE STUDY OF
COMMERCIAL ANTACIDS
A Project Report

Submitted by
Harsh Rathod

under the guidance of

Mr. Jigar Bambhroliya

The Westwood School, Rajkot, Gujarat

2023-24
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Harsh Rathod of Grade XII, has

satisfactorily completed the project in CHEMISTRY on
COMPARITIVE STUDY OF COMMERCIAL ANTACIDS
in the year 2023-24.
 COMPARTIVIVE STUDY OF
COMMERCIAL ANATCIDS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank my chemistry teacher Mr. Jigar

Bambhroliya for his constant guidance, motivation, moral
encouragement and sympathetic attitude towards the success of
this project.
I also want to thank the principal and the institution for
providing the necessary materials.
I would also like to extend my gratitude towards the lab
attendant, my parents and everyone who has helped me in
completing the project successfully.

Serial No. CONTENT PAGE NO.

I INTRODUCTION 1

II OBJECTIVE 7

III THEORY 8
MATERIALS
IV REQUIRED 13

V PROCEDURE 15

VI PRECAUTIONS 19

VII INDEX
OBSERVATIONS 21

VIII RESULT 24

IX SUMMARY 25

X BIBLIOGRAPHY 26
 INTRODUCTION

It is well-known that the food we take undergoes a series of complex reactions within the
body which constitute what we call digestion and metabolism. These reactions are catalysed
by enzymes which are very specific in their action and can function properly only when the
pH of the medium is within a specific range.
Some enzymes require mildly alkaline conditions while others operate only in weakly acidic
conditions. Amongst the latter category of enzymes are the enzymes which control the
digestion of proteins present in the food as it reaches the stomach. In the stomach dilute
hydrochloric acid is secreted and it provides mildly acidic conditions required for the
functioning of protein digesting enzymes in the stomach. However, sometimes the stomach
begins to secrete an excess of hydrochloric acid. This condition is known as gastric
hyperacidity and is caused by over eating and highly spiced food. This interferes in the
normal process of digestion and leads to acute discomfort due to indigestion.
Now-a-days, there are available many commercial products known as ANTACIDS, which
neutralize the excess of HCl secreted in the stomach. The action of antacids is based on the
fact that a base can neutralize acid forming salt and water.
An essential requirement of an antacid is that it must not supply an excess of alkali which
may lead to alkaline conditions, thus making the enzymes ineffective. This is achieved in
the commercial antacids by incorporating other constituents which help to keep the pH
within an acidic range. These drugs counteract the acid secreted in the stomach mainly to
provide symptomatic relief and to a lesser extent to promote healing. Stomach keeps on
emptying itself and the action of the antacid lasts only for a short while, irrespective of the
dose taken. It is, therefore, important to take an antacid at frequent intervals. Commonly
used antacids are Gelusil, Milk of Magnesia, Digene.
 OBJECTIVE

This project aims at analysing some of the commercial antacids to determine

how much hydrochloric acid (of a given normality) they can neutralize.

The primary goal is to investigate and compare the acid-neutralizing capabilities

of different antacid formulations available in the market. To achieve this
objective, a systematic analysis will be conducted, involving the measurement of
the amount of hydrochloric acid neutralized by each antacid under controlled
conditions. The study will consider factors such as the composition,
concentration, and formulation of the antacids to determine their effectiveness in
alleviating acid-induced conditions.

The experimental methodology will involve titration techniques, where a known

volume of hydrochloric acid will be gradually added to a solution containing a
specific quantity of each antacid. The titration process will be carefully
monitored until the endpoint is reached, allowing for the determination of the
antacid's neutralizing capacity. The findings from this project aim to provide
valuable insights into the comparative effectiveness of commercial antacids,
helping consumers and healthcare professionals make informed decisions
regarding their choice of antacid for acid-related conditions. Additionally, the
results may contribute to the improvement of existing antacid formulations and
the development of more efficient products in the future.
 MATERIALS REQUIRED
The following were the materials required for the project:
a.Apparatus:
1. Burette(50ml)
2. Pipette(20ml)
3. ConicalFlasks(250ml)
4. MeasuringCylinder(10ml)
5. Beakers(100ml)
6. StandardFlasks(100ml)
7. FilterPaper
8. Funnel
9. BunsenBurner
10.Weighingmachine
11.Clean&glazedwhitetile
12.GlassRod
13.Water
14.Crusher

b.Chemicals:

1. NaOHpowder
2. Na2CO3powder
3. 10Mconc.HClacid
4. Fourdifferentbrandsofantacids
5. Phenolpthalein
6. MethylOrange
 PROCEDURE
1. Prepare 1 litre of approximately 0.1 N HCl solution by diluting 10 ml of
the concentrated acid to one litre.

2. Similarly, make 1 litre of approximately 0.1 N NaOH solution by

dissolving 4.0 g of NaOH to prepare one litre of solution.

3. Prepare 0.1 N Na, CO, solution by weighing exactly 1.325 g of anhydrous

sodium carbonate and then dissolving it in water to prepare exactly 250
ml of solution.

4. Standardise the HCl solution by titrating it against the standard Na, CO,
solution using methy! orange as indicator.

5. Similarly, standardise NaOH solution by titrating it against standardised

HCl solution using phenolphthalein as indicator.

6. Powder the various samples of antacid tablets and weigh 1.0 g of each.

7. Add a specific volume of standardised HCl to each of the weighed

samples taken in conical flasks The acid should be in slight excess, so
that it can neutralise all the alkaline component of the tablet.

8. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein and warm the flask till most of powder
dissolves. Filter off the insoluble material

9. Titrate this solution against the standardised NaOH solution, till a

permanent pinkish tinge is obtained. Repeat this experiment with
different antacids.
 PRECAUTIONS

1. Avoid touching the antacid with your fingers.

2. Be careful not to lose any solid when crushing the antacid tablet.

3. Avoid touching hot surfaces when working near the hot plate and be

cautious when transporting heated solutions.

4. The hot plate should not be left unattended .

5. Dilute HCl and NaOH were corrosive and can damage your eyes and

cause skin irritation.

6. The burette must be rinsed out with NaOH before use to prevent dilution

of the solution.

7. It should be made sure that there were no air bubbles in the burette tips.
 OBSERVATIONS

 Standardisation of HCl solution:

Volume of 0.1N Na2CO3 taken = 20 ml

Indicator used = Methyl Orange

SERIAL BURETTE READINGS VOLUME OF

No. INITIAL READING FINAL READING ACID USED
(ml)
1.
2.

Applying normality equation,

N1 V1 = N2 V2
(acid) (base)

N1 x
Normality of HCl, N1=
 Standardization of NaOH Solution:

Volume of the given NaOH solution taken = 20.0 ml

Indicator used = Phenolphthalein

SERIAL BURETTE READINGS VOLUME OF

No. INITIAL READING FINAL READING ACID USED
(ml)
1. 0 16 16
2. 17 33 16

Volume of acid used = 16 ml

Applying normality equation,

N1 V’1 = N’2 V’2
(acid) (base)

Normality of HCl, N’2 =

 Analysis of antacid tablets:

 Weight of the antacid tablet powder =

 Volume of HCl solution added =
 Volume of sample solution taken =
for titration

VOLUME OF (HCL)
VOLUME OF (NaOH) USED FOR
USED FOR NEUTRALIZING
ANTACID
NEUTRALIZING 1.0g OF ANTACID
UNUSED (HCL) MATTER

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
RESULT
 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Antacids play a very important role in relieving many patients suffering from
gastric hyperacidity, commonly referred to as gastritis. This project was
undertaken to analyze the best commercially available antacid according to the
amount of hydrochloric acid they could neutralize.
In conclusion, the assessment of various commercial antacids through the
titration of hydrochloric acid has provided valuable insights into their relative
effectiveness in neutralizing acid. The antacid demonstrating the maximum
volume of hydrochloric acid consumption during the titration process can be
regarded as the most effective in neutralizing acidity. This observation suggests
that the selected antacid has a higher buffering capacity and can withstand a
greater amount of acid, making it a potentially more robust and efficient
solution for addressing acid-related conditions. The findings from this study
contribute to the understanding of antacid performance and can guide
consumers and healthcare professionals in making informed choices based on
the demonstrated effectiveness of different commercial antacids in neutralizing
hydrochloric acid. Further research and development in this area may lead to the
improvement of antacid formulations, ultimately enhancing their therapeutic
efficacy.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Websites:
• http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/quick/csustan/antacid
• http://icn2.umeche.maine.edu/genchemlabs/Antacid/antacid2.htm
• http://www.chem.latech.edu/~deddy/chem104/104Antacid.htm
• http://www.images.google.com
• http://www.wikipedia.com
• http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com

Books

 Comprehensive Practical Chemistry Class XII