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Early writing systems like cuneiform and hieroglyphics developed before the 20th century. The abacus was also invented for calculation. In the 19th century, Samuel Morse invented the telegraph and Charles Babbage conceived of the analytical engine, an early general purpose computer. The early 20th century saw the emergence of electromechanical calculators and punched card machines for data processing. The transistor was invented in 1947, launching the computer era with machines like ENIAC in the 1940s-50s and IBM's commercial 701 computer in 1952.

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9 views3 pages

Brochure Content

Early writing systems like cuneiform and hieroglyphics developed before the 20th century. The abacus was also invented for calculation. In the 19th century, Samuel Morse invented the telegraph and Charles Babbage conceived of the analytical engine, an early general purpose computer. The early 20th century saw the emergence of electromechanical calculators and punched card machines for data processing. The transistor was invented in 1947, launching the computer era with machines like ENIAC in the 1940s-50s and IBM's commercial 701 computer in 1952.

Uploaded by

Samuel Valdez
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© © All Rights Reserved
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1.

Pre-20th Century:

- Early writing systems (cuneiform, hieroglyphics).

Cuneiform - Cuneiform is one of the oldest forms of writing known. It means “wedge-shaped,” because
people wrote it using a reed stylus cut to make a wedge-shaped mark on a clay tablet.

Hieroglyphics - Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the
Egyptian language. Hieroglyphs combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with some
1,000 distinct characters

- Invention of the abacus.

Abacus - The abacus, also called a counting frame, is a hand-operated calculating tool of unknown origin
used since ancient times in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, millennia before the
adoption of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. The abacus consists of a two-dimensional array of slidable
beads.

2. 19th Century:

- Invention of the telegraph (1830s) by Samuel Morse.

Telegraph - What is a telegraph? A telegraph is a communication system that sends information by


making and breaking an electrical connection. It is most associated with sending electrical current pulses
along a wire with Morse code encoding.

- Charles Babbage's concept of the "Analytical Engine."

Analytical Engine - The analytical engine was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer
designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described in
1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, which was a design for a simpler mechanical
calculator

3. Early 20th Century:

- Emergence of electromechanical calculators.

Electromechanical Calculator - This calculator uses Faraday's and Lenz's laws to calculate the magnitude
and polarity of the induced electromotive force (EMF) caused by a change in magnetic flux through a
closed-loop coil.

- Development of punched-card machines for data processing.

Punchcard - A punched card is a piece of card stock that stores digital data using punched holes.
Punched cards were once common in data processing and the control of automated machines
- Invention of the transistor (1947).

Transistor - The transistor was successfully demonstrated on December 23, 1947 at Bell Laboratories in
Murray Hill, New Jersey. A transistor is a miniature semiconductor that regulates or controls current or
voltage flow in addition amplifying and generating these electrical signals and acting as a switch/gate for
them.

4. 1940s and 1950s:

- Development of electronic computers like the ENIAC.

ENIAC - ( Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer )ENIAC was the first programmable, electronic,
general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. There were other computers that had
combinations of these features, but the ENIAC had all of them in one computer. It was Turing-complete
and able to solve "a large class of numerical problems" through reprogramming

- IBM's release of the IBM 701 (1952), one of the first commercial computers.

IBM 701 - The IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine, known as the Defense Calculator while in
development, was IBM’s first commercial scientific computer and its first series production mainframe
computer, which was announced to the public on May 21, 1952.

5. 1960s and 1970s:

- Development of ARPANET, a precursor to the internet (1969).

- Introduction of microprocessors.

- Birth of personal computing with devices like the Altair 8800 and Apple I.

6. 1980s and 1990s:

- Introduction of IBM PC and Microsoft Windows.

- Invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee (1989).

- Development of web browsers like Mosaic and Netscape.

- The proliferation of personal computing.

7. 21st Century:

- Proliferation of smartphones.

- The rise of cloud computing and virtualization.

- The advent of social media platforms.


- Expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT).

- Advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning.

- Emergence of big data analytics.

This timeline offers a more detailed, chronological sequence of major developments in information
technology.

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