DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

1. In Piagetian theory, a component of adaptation;process of modification in

thinking (schemes) that takes place when old ways of understanding something no longer fit rather than
fitting new information into his or her existing way of thinking is known as?
A) Equilibration
B) Assimilation
C) Conservation
D) Accomodation

2. Object permanence (a child’s understanding that objects continue to exist even though they cannot
be seen or heard) milestone is achieved by the child in which stage?
A)Sensory Motor Stage
B)Preoperational Stage
C)Formal Operational Stage
D)Concrete Operational Stage

3. Which is the most recent devlopment perspective among the following?

A) Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
B) Erick Erikson Psychosocial(Lifespan) Devlopment Theory
C) Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory
D) Attachment Theory By John Bowlby

4. Perspective taking (opposite of egocentrism) milestone is achieved in which Piagetan stage?

A) Concrete Operational
B) Sensorimotor
C) Formal Operational
D) Preoperational

5. Language development and role playing are the characteristic features of which stage?
A) Formal Operational
B) Sensorimotor
C) Concrete Operational
D) Preoperational
6. Conservation (the ability to comprehend that some properties of certain objects such as number or
weight remains same despite undergoing change in shape and other superficial
transformations),decentration and reversibility are the defining features of which stage?
A) Preoperational
B) Sensorimotor
C) Formal Operational
D) Concrete operational

7. Combination of longitudinal nd cross sectional research strategies known as?

Ans: Longitudnal Seqential Design-The sequence of samples (participants of two or more
than two age groups) are studied over a period of time.

8. Ecological theory of development?

Ans: The ecological theory focuses on the impact that environment plays on the growth and
development of an individual. Urie Bronfenbrenner theorized that there were five
environmental factors that impacted an individual's growth and development; the
microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem and the chronosystem.
9. According to Lev Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD), learning is:

A)achieved by discovering which answers will lead to rewards.

B) achieved by assimilating new understandings to accommodate the demands of the world.

C) affected by how the environment and genetically programmed learning ability interact during a
critica lperiod.

D) a social activity between a less knowledgeable child and another adult or child who is more
knowledgeable.

10. 3 mountain task is used 2 demonstrate which concept n Piagets theory?

Egocentrism

11. Intuitive thinking(why things are the way they are) is a hallmark of which stage?
A) Sensorimotor
B) Concerte Operational
C) Formal Operational
D) Preoperational

12. Piaget's theory of cognitive development is chiefly criticized for what reason?
A) Rigidity
B) Pessimism towards child's abilities
C) For focussing more on what a child cant do rather than what they can do in
Preoperational Stage
D)All of the above

13. In which of Piaget's stage children commits A-Not-B-Error ( An error made by children in which they go
back to the original hiding place to look for an object even though they have seen it get hidden in a
second place)?
A)Concrete Operational
B)Sensorimotor
C)Formal Operational
D)Preoperational
Explanation :- A-Not-B error suggests that the child has still not achieved the object permanence. That is, the
infant still searches the original place of an object though it is been hidden to a different place in front of it. Slowly
the infant gains the understanding of hidden objects which is called Object permanence, which is also seen in the
same stage of sensorimotor stage.
14. Emotions are broadly classified into following two categories. Describle them briefly?
1) First order Emotions
2)Second(Higher) Order Emotions
Ans:- First order emotions are universal in nature and even found in non human animals but second(higher)
order emotions are only found in those beings who are highly evolved at phylogenetic scale( i.e. human) and the
second order emotions cause either an increment or decrement in one's self esteem i mean either they are ego
tonic or ego dystonic.....For e.g. shame,guilt,embarrasment etc cause decrement whereas pride causes
increment

15. The tendency for the characteristics associated with a specific gene to manifest itself in subsequent
organisms of the species is referred by the term
A) Transmission B) Enrichment
C) Penetrance D) Extension

16. Upper part of the body develops earlier than the lower part is termed as?
A) Proximodistal
B)Cephalocaudal
C)Cortocodistal
D) General to specific

17. Grammatical Rules that determines how words will be combined into forming a meaningful complete
sentence is known as?
A) Semantics
B) Phonems
C) Morpheme
D) Syntax

18. Who is the founder of Ethological Approach?

A) Konrad Lorenz
B) David Buss
C) Lev Vygotsky
D) Martin Seligman

19. Differentiate between Critical Period And Sensitive Period?

Ans:- Critical periods are very narrow and rigid in nature,critical periods works on all or none principle means
that the Psychologists who believes in critical periods asserts that if that limited specific period is skipped then
that particular development of an attribute wont take place at all in the whole lifetime,now a days Psychologists
have rejected the concept of critical period and accepted the concept of sensitive period it is gaining popularity
among Psychologists because it is flexible,more optimistic and more close to the reality it believes in the
plasticity of brain and believers in sensitive periods asserts that it is true that certain time period is more
 conducive for a particular type of development (language,thought etc) but they dont agree with this that once that
period is skipped due to any reason then that particular development of attribute wont happen at all in later
stages.

20. Which system among the following in Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory emphasizes relations
between the devloping person and his/her immediate surroundings (family etc.)?
A) Mesosystem
B) Microsystem
C) Macrosystem
D) Exosystem
21. Smallest unit of language is known as?
A) Phonems
B) Morpheme
C) Syntax
D) Semantics

22. A Developmental research strategy that involves testing people of different age groups at the same
time?
A)Longitudnal Method
B)Cross-Sectional Method
C)Ethology Method
D)Ex-Post Facto Method

23. Who is the father of Evolutionary Approach?

A) Martin Seligman
B) David Buss
D) Miller

24. Piaget's most famous conservation task study involved:

A) identical beakers of liquid.

B) rows of coins.
C) balls of clay.
D) shapes and numbers.

25. Children learn to add new words through process called?

a)fast mapping
b)new mapping
c)extensions
d)inspiration
26. Major Periods Of Human Developments
1) Prenatal- From Conception to Birth
2) Perinatal- During or pertaining to the phase surrounding the time of birth, from the twentieth
week of gestation to the twenty-eighth day of newborn life( i.e. the five months before and one
month after birth)
3) Neonate(Also known as Newborn)- The first 4 weeks of a child's life(i.e. from birth to first 28
days)
4) Infancy- From birth to one year of age
5) Toddlerhood- From one year to 3 years of age
6) Early Childhood- From 2 to 6 years of age
7) Middle Childhood- From 6 to 11 years of age
8) Adolescence - From 11 to 20 years of age
9) Early Adulthood- From 20 to 40 years of age
10) Middle Adulthood- From 40 to 60 years of age
11) Old Adulthood- From 60 years to Death
Note- Postnatal is a period from birth till death

27. According to Piaget, the major cognitive attainment of the sensorimotor period is

A) Speech perception
B) Recognition memory
C) Mental representation
D) Non egocentric thought

28. Which level of Bronfenbrenner's theory refers to social settings that do not contain the developing
person but nevertheless affects experience in immediate settings( e.g. formal organizations,health and
welfare services etc)?
A) Chronosystem
B) Mesosystem
C) Exosystem
D) Microsystem

29. Who is credited for introducing the concept of imprinting?

A) Urie Bronfenbrenner
B) Lev Vygotsky
C) Konrad Lorenz
D) David Buss
30. First one word sentences uttered by babies( Example:“ja” (“I want juice.”) around the age of 1 is known
as?
A) Cooing
B) Holophrase
C) Babbling
D) Telegraphic Speech
31. Lamaze technique is associated with

A) Prepared child birth

B) Prepared child rearing
C) Prepared parenting
D) Programmed development

32. An important difference between the cognitive- developmental theories of Piaget and of Vygotsky is
that Vygotsky placed greater emphasis on

A) The causal role of social factors

B) The causal role of maturational factors
C) Development during early adolescence
D) Individual differences during late adulthood
33."The goal of all life is death" Who quoted this?
A) Erick Erickson
B) C.G. Jung
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Alfred Adler

34.Which out of the following is developed as a result of reward given to child by his/her for his proper
behaviour?
A) ID
B) Superego
C) Ideal Ego
D) Conscience

35. "Flight to childhood" is the phrase used for which of the following defence mechanism?
A) Displacement
B) Repression
C) Regression
D) Sublimation
36. Arrange the following books of Freud chronologically?
 A) The IGO And The ID3
B) The Future Of Illusion4
C) Totams And Taboos2
D) Interpretation Of Dreams1
1) DCAB
2) DCBA
3) DABC
4) DACB

37. Due to apprehension of some stress and anxiety at the next stage of Psychosexual Development, ego
prefers to remain at the present, which is more comfortable results in which of the following?
A) Conflict
B) Phobia
C) Complex
D) Fixation

38. By bringing the mother's and embryo's blood close together which of the following organ/ fluid permits
the developing organism food and oxygen to the the foetus and waste products to be carried away?
A) Umbilical Cord
B) Placenta
C) Amniotic Fluid
D) Chorion

39. "Flight to itself" phrase is used for which one of the following defence mechanisms?
A) Suppression
B) Reaction Formation
C) Repression
D) Introjection

40. "Flight to productive world" is a phrase used for which defence mechanism?
A) Sublimation
B) Compensation
C) Transference
D) Projection

41. The behaviour by children’s which they consider good but for which their parents punish them
considering it bad/sin is associated with or leads to the development of?
 A) ID
B) Superego
C) Ideal Ego
D) Conscience

42. Rubella Infection causes greatest damage during which of the following periods?
1) Fetus
2) Zygote
3) Embryonic
4) All of the above

43. In Freud’s psychosexual theory he has given least importance to which of the following stages?
A) Oral Stage
B) Genital Stage
C) Latency Stage
D) Phallic Stage

44. Out of the following which parenting style is considered as the best and wholesome to the
development of a children?
A)Authoritarian
B)Submissive(Indulgent)
C)Neglectful(Passive)
D)Authoritative(Democratic)

45. Gratification of desires by a child by forming a mental imagery of an object or person instead of
making reality oriented efforts in order to have it in the context of Freudian Theory is an instance of?
A) Secondary Process
B) Primary Process
C) Defence Mechanism
D) None of the above

46. Which one of the following according to Freud is known as "MAN IN MAN"?
A) Consciousness
B) Superego
C) ID
D) Ego
47. Resolution of Electra and Odepius Complex results in the origin(birth) of which of the following system
in Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory?
A) Ego
B) ID(Instinctual Drive)
C) Superego
D) None of the above
48. The term Congenital means?
A) Genetic
B)Embryonic
C)Recessive characteristic
D)Present at birth

49. Two-word combinations, often accompanied by an explosion in vocabulary by babies Example:“Me

juice” is known as?
A) Syntax
B) Babbling
C) Telegraphic Speech
D) Holophrases
50. The tendency of some parents to talk to young children with a raised tone of voice and an exaggerated
pattern of speaking is generally referred to as

A) Signal switching B) Commanding

C) Parentese D) Shouting

51. According to Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, the three factors that reciprocally influence
development involve:
A) behavior, the person, and the environment.

B) punishment, reward, and reinforcement.

C) memory, problem solving, and reasoning.

D) cognition, reward, and observation.

52. "Ostrich Tendency" phrase is used for which defence mechanism?

A) Rationalization
B) Reaction Formation
C) Denial of Reality
 D) Projection
53. Smallest unit of language that carries meaning (makes sense) is known as?
A) Syntax
B) Phonems
C) Morpheme
D) Semantics

54. In which theorist the concept of Zone Of Proximal Devlopment (ZPD also known as SCAFFOLDING)
holds the center stage?
A) Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory
B) Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
C) Ethological Theory
D) Piagean Cognitive Devopment Theory
Note: ZPD or Scaffolding refers to "the distance between the actual developmental level as
determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as
determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable
peers".

55. The Zone of proximal development is the level of development

1. Just below where the student is presently functioning
2.Just exactly where the student is presently functioning
3.Out of the zone of where the student is presently functioning.
4. Just above where a student is presently functioning

56. Cohort Groups are utilized in which of the following developmental research strategy?
A)Ethnography
B)Cross Sectional
C)Quasi experimental
D)Longitudnal

57. "Bad at dancing, podium is faulty (नाच न जाने आँगन टे ढ़ा )" is a phrase used for which defence
mechanism?
A) Suppression
B) Projection
C) Rationalization
D) Reaction Formation
58. Mand,Tacts,Autoclitics And Echoic Behaviour are the hallmark concepts of which of the following
theoriests?
A) Noam Chomosky
B) Jean Piaget
C) B.F.Skinner
d) John Bowlby
59. "Grapes are sour" phrase is used for which defence mechanism?
A) Projection
B) Rationalization
C) Denial Of Reality
D) Repression
60. Which Theorist out of the following has given the concept of LAD(Language Acquisition Device)?
A)Jean Piaget
B)B.F.SKinner
C)Noam Chomosky
D)Urie Bronfenbrenner
61.Centration (the act of focusing all attention on one characteristic or dimension of a situation, while
disregarding all others) and irreversibility( It refers to when children are unable to mentally reverse a
sequence of events) are the salient features of which stage?
A) Sensory Motor
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete Operational
D) Formal Operational
62. In which level of Kohlberg's theory morality is externally controlled, due to fear of authority and in order
to avoid punishment and satisfy personal needs children engage in moral behaviour?
A) Conventional Level
B) Preconventional level
C) Post Conventional Level
D) None Of The Above
63. The newborn's world is 'nothing more than a blooming , buzzing confusion', was said by

A) William James
B) Jean Piaget
C) B.F. Skinner
D)None of the above
64. Electra complex in girls and odeipus compex in boys manifest in which stage of the following Freud's
theory of Psychosexual Development?
A) Anal
B) Phallic
 C) Genital
D) Latency
65. Which organ/fluid out of the following supplies blood loaded with nutrients to the developing organism
in the womb?
A) Placenta
B) Umbilical Cord
C) Chorion
D) Amniotic fluid
66. Which one of the following as per Freud is known as "GOD IN MAN"?
A) Consciousness
B) Ego
C) Unconsciousness
D) Superego
67. According to Freud's theory finger nail biting, thumb sucking and pencil chewing in childhood and
overeating and smoking in later life are due to the fixation at which one of the following stages?
A) Phallic
B) Genital
C) Oral
D) Anal
68. Arrange the following stages of Freud's theory as per their emergence?
A) Anal Stage
B) Phallic Stage
C) Oral Stage
D) Genital Stage
1) BCAD
2) CDBA
3) ACBD
4) CABD
69. Out of the following which one of the following works on Reality Principle?
A) Ego
B) Superego
C) ID
D) None of the above

70. At which level of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory morality is viewed as an social obligation and
in order to maintain affection and gain approval of friends and relatives?
A) Post Conventional Level
 B) Conventional Level
C) Preconventional Level
D) None Of The Above
71. The quality of interpersonal behaviour depends largely upon:
1.Genetic factors
2.cultural conditioning
3.Emotional intelligence
4.Individual motivation
72. Which one out of the following was Freud's swan song(last book)?
A) Interpretation Of Dreams
B) Totams And Taboos
C) Psychopathology Of Everyday Life
D) Moses And Monotheism
73. Which scale is used to assess the physical health of a new born baby?
A) Phylogenetic Scale
B) Apgar Scale
C) Guttman Scale
D)Likert Scale
74. "Ego Psychology" is established by which of the following?
A) Alfred Adler
B) Erick Erikson
C) Sigmund Freud
D) C.G. Jung
75. Which developmental research strategy among the following permits study of common patterns and
individual differences in development and relationship (comparison) between early and later behaviours?
A) Cross Sectional
B) Longitudnal Sequential
C) Survey
D) Longitudnal
76. The age of viability (the point at which the fetus can first survive) occurs sometime between?
A) 22 to 26 weeks
B) 26 to 30 weeks
C) 28 to 32 weeks
d) 18 to 22 weeks
77. Arrange the following stages of Erick Erickson's Theory as they emerge (ascending order)?
A) Industry Vs Diffusion
B) Autonomy Vs Shame And Doubt
C) Identity Vs Identity Confusion
 D) Trust Vs Mistrust
1) DCAB
2) DBAC
3) DACB
4) BCDA
78. "Flight To Sickness" is a phrase used for which of the following defence mechanism?
A) Projection
B) Reaction Formation
C) Denial Of Reality
D) Conversion

79. Which level of Bronfenbrenner's theory consists of cultural values,laws,customs,values and

resources?
A) Chronosystem
B) Microsystem
c) Exosystem
D) Macrosystem
80. First sound growing out of reflexes by babies during 2-4 months (like "oooo") is known as?
A) Babbling
B) Cooing
C) Telegraphic Speech
D) Holophrases
82. Alternate vowel consonant sounds ( like “ba-ba-ba,” ,“da-da-da”) made by babies during 5-11 months
is known as?
A)Babbling
B)Morpheme
C)Phonems
D)Holophrases
83. Which one of the following as per Freud is known as "ANIMAL IN MAN"?
A) Unconsciousness
B) Ego
c) ID
D) Subconscious

84. "Falling from donkey fighting with sculpturer ( गरे गधे से लड़े कु हार से)" phrase is used for which
defence mechanism?
 A) Identification
B) Displacement
C) Sublimation
D) Projection
85. Which assumption out of the following is true about Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
A) Kohlberg's Theory is an extension of Piaget's Moral Development Theory.
B) Moral development is viewed as significantly dependent upon cognitive development.
C) Kohlberg's theory has three levels and each level has two stages.
D) All of the above

86. Attachment styles were given by?

A) John Bowlby
B) Mary Ainswoth
C) Mary Main
D) Margaret Mahler
87. Extreme orderliness and cleanliness or messiness and disorder are the consequence of fixation at
which of the following Freud's Psychosexual Development theory?
A) Oral
B) Genital
C) Phallic
D) Anal
88. Cohort effects, participant drop out, practise effects, time consuming all these are major drawbacks of
which developmental research strategy?
A) Time Series Design
B) Longitudnal
C) Cross Sectional
D) Longitudnal Sequential
89. A correct sequential rendering of the prenatal development stages is
a) germinal, embryonic, foetal
b) foetal, germinal, embryonic
c) germinal , foetal, embryonic
d )embryonic, germinal, foetal

90.In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, how many levels and how many stages are there?
A) Two levels And Four Stages
B) Four Levels And Eight Stages
C) Three levels And Six Stages
D) Six Levels And Three Stages