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The document discusses three key topics: 1) Two examples of vibration are the simple harmonic motion of a spring-mass system and pendulum oscillation, which both involve periodic sinusoidal motion. 2) Vibratory systems conserve total mechanical energy as long as no external forces act, with kinetic and potential energy alternating as the system vibrates. 3) A vibration measurement scheme involves a transducer to convert mechanical motion to an electrical signal, data acquisition to process the signal, and analysis tools to interpret the data and identify system properties.

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48 views

Chegg Expert Answer

The document discusses three key topics: 1) Two examples of vibration are the simple harmonic motion of a spring-mass system and pendulum oscillation, which both involve periodic sinusoidal motion. 2) Vibratory systems conserve total mechanical energy as long as no external forces act, with kinetic and potential energy alternating as the system vibrates. 3) A vibration measurement scheme involves a transducer to convert mechanical motion to an electrical signal, data acquisition to process the signal, and analysis tools to interpret the data and identify system properties.

Uploaded by

tiko lolipop
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Link 1

Step 1/2
a) Two typical examples of vibration are:

• Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) of a spring-mass system: when a mass is


attached to a spring and displaced from its equilibrium position, it will experience
a restoring force that is proportional to its displacement. This results in a
sinusoidal motion that repeats itself after a certain period of time.
• Pendulum oscillation: when a mass is attached to a pivot point by a rod, it can
swing back and forth under the influence of gravity. The motion of the pendulum
is also sinusoidal and repeats itself after a certain period of time.

Step 2/2
The general energy conservation concept of vibratory systems is that the total
mechanical energy of the system remains constant over time, as long as there are
no external forces acting on it. This means that the kinetic energy and potential
energy of the system will interchange as the system vibrates, but their sum will
remain constant.
b) The number of degrees of freedom of a system refers to the minimum number of
independent coordinates required to describe the motion of all parts of the system.
For a single degree of freedom system, the position of a single mass can be
described by a linear coordinate (e.g. displacement or velocity) along a single axis.
For a two degree of freedom system, the positions of two masses can be described
by two linear coordinates (e.g. displacement or velocity) along two axes. For a three
degree of freedom system, the positions of three masses can be described by three
linear coordinates (e.g. displacement or velocity) along three axes.
For an angular coordinate, the motion of the system is described by the angular
position or angular velocity of a rotating object. For example, in a single degree of
freedom system consisting of a rotating disk, the angular position of the disk can be
described by a single angular coordinate. In a two degree of freedom system
consisting of two rotating disks connected by a shaft, the angular position of each
disk can be described by an angular coordinate.
c) A basic vibration measurement scheme consists of a transducer to convert the
mechanical motion into an electrical signal, a data acquisition system to collect and
process the signal, and a display or analysis tool to interpret the data. The
transducer can be a sensor that measures displacement, velocity, or acceleration,
depending on the specific parameters of interest. The data acquisition system can
include filters to remove noise and unwanted frequencies, amplifiers to increase the
signal strength, and analog-to-digital converters to convert the electrical signal into a
digital format. The resulting data can be analyzed using various tools such as
frequency analysis, time-domain analysis, and modal analysis to identify the
system's mass, stiffness, and damping properties.
Final answer
Hence, the final answers are at the end of each step.
Link 2

Concept used for part(iii)

The dose limit uses a 3dB time-intensity tradeoff. For every 3dB increase in noise
level, the allowable exposure time is doubled as shown in the table:

Average Sound Exposure Levels Needed to Reach the

Maximum Allowable Daily Dose of 100%

Time to reach 100% noise doseExposure level per NIOSH REL


8 hours 85 dB(A)
4 hours 88 dB(A)
2 hours 91 dB(A)
60 minutes 94 dB(A)
30 minutes 97 dB(A)
15 minutes 100 dB(A)

Link 3
Link 4

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